Serer people - Knowledge (XXG)

1007:(the chief griot of the king) who was extremely powerful and influential, and very rich in land and other assets. The buur kevel who also came from the griot caste were so powerful that they could influence a king's decision as to whether he goes to war or not. They told the king what to eat, and teach them how to eat, how to walk, to talk and to behave in society. They always accompany the king to the battlefield and recount the glory or bravery of his ancestors in battle. They retain and pass down the genealogy and family history of the king. The bur Kevel could make or break a king, and destroy the entire royal dynasty if they so wish. The abdication of Fakha Boya Fall from the throne of Saloum was led and driven by his own bur kevel. After being forced to abdicate, he was chased out of Saloum. During the reign of Sanou Mon Faye – king of Sine, one of the key notables who plotted to dethrone the king was the king's own bur kevel. After influencing the king's own estranged nephew Prince Semou Mak Joof to take up arms against his uncle, the Prince who despised his uncle took up arms with the support of the bur kevel and other notables. The Prince was victorious and was crowned 32: 296: 1347:– for the sole entertainment of the Serer King, the Serer aristocracy and the common people. He was expected to dance in ceremonies before the king and liven up the king's mood and the king's subjects. This position was always given to the Moors. It was a humiliating job and not a title of honour. According to some, the history of this position goes back to an early Moor in Serer country who had a child by his own daughter. 5606: 2256: 2242: 99: 79: 1117: 910:(two of the Serer precolonial kingdoms) bore Mandinka surnames, but Serer surname throughout the 600 years reign of the Guelwar maternal dynasty. The Serer noble patriclans simply married Guelowar women, and their offsprings bearing Serer surnames reigned in Sine and Saloum. The Guelowars also viewed themselves as Serer and assimilated in Serer culture. The alliance was an alliance based on marriage. 1299:(one who Tassu) of her generation. Originally religious in nature, the griots of Senegambia regardless of ethnic group or religion picked it up from Serer religious practices and still use it in different occasions e.g. marriages, naming ceremonies or when they are just singing the praises of their patrons. Most Senegalese and Gambian artists use it in their songs even the younger generation like " 2228: 1244: 60: 436: 1058: 1025:– the sacred place where good souls go after their physical body has departed the world of the living. In accordance with the teachings of Seereer religion, bad souls will not enter Jaaniiw. Their departed souls will not be guided by the ancestors to this sacred abode, but will be rejected thereby making them lost and wandering souls. In order to be reincarnated (( 593: 1033:

in order to intercede with the Divine , a person's soul must first enter this sacred place." As such, the Serers who were the victims of Islamic jihads and enslavements did not participate much in slavery and when they do, it was merely in revenge. This view is supported by scholars such as François

1039:

The Kingdom of Sine remained a modest participant in the Atlantic system, secondary to the larger Wolof, Halpulaar or Mandinka polities surrounding it on all sides... As practices of enslavement intensified among other ethnic groups during the 18th century, fuelling a lucrative commerce in captives

1014:

The slave castes continue to be despised, they do not own land and work as tenant farmers, marriage across caste lines is forbidden and lying about one's caste prior to marriage has been a ground for divorce. The land has been owned by the upper social strata, with the better plots near the villages

530:

If one is to believe the economist and demographer Étienne Van de Walle who gave a slightly later date for their ethnogenesis, writing that "The formation of the Sereer ethnicity goes back to the thirteenth century, when a group came from the Senegal River valley in the north fleeing Islam, and near

522:

Professor Dennis Galvan writes that "The oral historical record, written accounts by early Arab and European explorers, and physical anthropological evidence suggest that the various Serer peoples migrated south from the Fuuta Tooro region (Senegal River valley) beginning around the eleventh century

3047:Étienne Van de Walle was not a historian or a professor of history. He had a degree in economics and was a demographer/researcher but was not an academic historian. See: Leridon, Henri. “Etienne van de Walle 1932-2006.” Population (English Edition, 2002-), vol. 61, no. 1/2, 2006, pp. 11–13. JSTOR, 1155:

ethnic groups today, nevertheless, the ancient rituals are still visible in the sport version. Among the Serers, wrestling is classified into different techniques and each technique takes several years to master. Children start young trying to master the basics before moving on to the more advance

230:

valley, at the border of present-day Senegal and Mauritania, and moved south in the 11th and 12th century. They migrated again in the 15th and 16th centuries as their villages were invaded and they were subjected to religious pressures from Islamic forces. They have had a sedentary settled culture

3466:, et del paese del Prete Ianni, con varii viaggi, dal mar Rosso a Calicut & infin all'isole Molucche, dove nascono le Spetiere et la navigatione attorno il mondo: li nomi de gli auttori, et le nauigationi..., Published by appresso gli heredi di Lucantonio Giunti, 1550, p. 113; (in Portuguese) 1076:(pounded coos). They control all the phases of this dish from production to preparation. Other ethnic groups (or Serers), tend to buy it from Serer women market traders or contract it out to them especially if they are holding major ceremonial events. Chere is very versatile and can be eaten with 628:

After their deaths, the Serer Kingdoms of Sine and Saloum were incorporated into independent Senegal, which had gained its independence from France in 1960. The Serer kingdoms of Sine and Saloum are two of the few pre-colonial African kingdoms whose royal dynasty survived up to the 20th century.

3965:

Diouf, Niokhobaye, « Chronique du royaume du Sine, suivie de Notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin (1972)», . (1972). Bulletin de l'IFAN, tome 34, série B, no 4, 1972, pp 706–7 (pp 4–5), pp 713–14 (pp

836:

However, they are known for their mixed-farming. Trade is also a recent phenomenon among some Serers. For the Serer, the soil (where their ancestors lay in rest) is very important to them and they guard it with jealousy. They have a legal framework governing every aspect of life, even

504:"That would be consistent with their present religious position: they are one of the rare Senegalese populations who still reject Islam. Their route is marked by the upright stones found at about the same latitude from Ethiopia all the way to the Sine-Salum, their present habitat." 975:

through songs and music. Of these, all castes had a taboo in marrying a griot, and they could not be buried like others. Below the artisan castes in social status have been the slaves, who were either bought at slave markets, seized as captives, or born to a slave parent.

948:) is very important in Serer culture, the Serer follow a bilineal system. Both matrilineality and patrilineality are important in Serer custom. Inheritance depends on the nature of the asset being inherited. That is, whether the asset is a maternal ( 527:-speaking herders originally, migrated through Wolof areas and entered the Siin and Saluum river valleys. This lengthy period of Wolof-Serer contact has clouded the origins of shared "terminology, institutions, political structures, and practices." 1531:

similarities among the Cangin languages. However, they are more closely related to other languages than to Serer, and vice versa. For comparison in the table below, 85% is approximately the dividing line between dialects and different languages.

1202:"The Serer people are known especially for their rich knowledge of vocal and rhythmic practices that infuse their everyday language with complex overlapping cadences and their ritual with intense collaborative layerings of voice and rhythm." 4099:

Diouf, Niokhobaye. "Chronique du royaume du Sine." Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4,

2898:" are found among the Soninke, the various Manding-speaking populations, the Wolof, Tukulor, Senufo, Minianka, Dogon, Songhay, and most Fulani, Moorish and Tuareg populations, (...) They are also found among (...) and Serer groups." 1335:. No matter how long a Mauritanian Moor has lived in the area as a migrant, he could never achieve high status within the Serer aristocracy. The best position he could ever wish for within Serer high society was to work as a 853:, especially trade, they viewed as vulgar, common and ignoble. Hence in the colonial era, especially among the Serer nobles, they would hire others to do the trading on their behalf (e.g. Moors) acting as their middlemen. 999:) came from the jambur caste. The Jaraff was the equivalent of a prime minister. He was responsible for organising the coronation ceremony and for crowning the Serer kings. Where a king dies without nominating an heir ( 1003:), the Jaraff would step in and reign as regent until a suitable candidate can be found from the royal line. The noble council that was responsible for advising the king was also made up of jamburs as well as the 936:

the caste systems among the Serer emerged as a consequence of the Mandinka people's Sine-Saloum guelowar conquest, and when the Serer people sought to adapt and participate in the new Senegambian state system.

886:) has now been discarded as there is nothing in the Serer oral tradition that speaks of a military conquest, but a union based on marriage. A marriage between the noble Guelowar maternal clan and the noble 535:

origin, called the Gelwar, who came from the southeast (Gravrand 1983). The actual Sereer ethnic group is a mixture of the two groups, and this may explain their complex bilinear kinship system".

932:. They all have had strata of free nobles and peasants, artisan castes, and slaves. The difference is that the Serer people have retained a matrilineal inheritance system. According to historian 797:

cleric Ma Ba Jaxoo. The inter-ethnic wars involving the Serer continued till 1887, when the French colonial forces conquered Senegal. Thereafter, the conversion of the Serer people accelerated.

261:

and slaves. Other historians, such as Thiaw, Richard and others, believe that the Serer did not maintain a slave culture, or at least not to the same extent as other ethnic groups in the region.

3830: 3009:

African Census Analysis Project (ACAP). University of Pennsylvania. Ethnic Diversity and Assimilation in Senegal: Evidence from the 1988 Census by Pierre Ngom, Aliou Gaye and Ibrahima Sarr. 2000

1387:

meaning paternal lineage or paternal inheritance). This joking relationship enables one group to criticise another, but also obliges the other with mutual aid and respect. The Serers call this

2816:, Quote:"One reason for the low salience of ethnic identity is because, like some other West African societies, many ethnic groups in Senegal are structured by caste. For example, the Wolof, 959:

The hierarchical highest status among the Serer people has been those of hereditary nobles and their relatives, which meant blood links to the Mandinka conquerors. Below the nobles, came

1438:). "Kal" derives from the Serer word "Kalir" a deformation of "kurcala" which means paternal lineage or inheritance and is used exactly in that context by many Senegambians. The word 713:

All the kings that ruled Serer Kingdoms had Serer surnames, with the exception of the Mboge and Faal paternal dynasties whose reigns are very recent. They did not provide many kings.

1151:. It was a preparatory exercise for war among the warrior classes. That style of wrestling (a brutal and violent form) is totally different from the sport wrestling enjoyed by all 1021:

and culture forbids slavery. "To enslave another human being is regarded as an enslavement of their soul thereby preventing the very soul of the slave owner or trader from entering

5641: 5475: 2544:, Quote: "Serer oral tradition recounts the group's origins in the Senegal River valley, where it was part of, or closely related to, the same group as the ancestors of today's 3916: 3928:

Galvan, Dennis Charles, "The State is Now the Master of Fire" (Adapting Institutions and Culture in Rural Senegal, Volume 1), University of California, Berkeley (1996), p. 65,

2674:(see p. 116). The book also deals in depth about the Serer matriclans and means of succession through the matrilineal line. See pp. 38, 95–99, 104, 119–20, 123, 160, 172–74, 1492:, and is part of the national curriculum of Senegal. Historically the Serer people's unwillingness to trade directly during the colonial era was a double edged sword to the 825:

The Serer practice trade, agriculture, fishing, boat building and animal husbandry. Traditionally the Serer people have been farmers and landowners. Although they practice

3887:

Ndiaye, Fata, "LA SAGA DU PEUPLE SERERE ET L’HISTOIRE DU SINE", Ethiopiques n° 54 revue semestrielle de culture négro-africaine Nouvelle série volume 7, 2 semestre (1991)

3651: 924:

The social stratification historically evidenced among the Serer people has been, except for one difference, very similar to those found among Wolof, Fulbe, Toucouleur and

5290: 1280:) both originated from the Serer people. The Tassu was used when chanting ancient religious verses. The people would sing then interweave it with a Tassu. The late Serer 800:

By the early 1910s, about 40% of the Serer people had adopted Islam, and by the 1990s about 85% of them were Muslims. Most of the newly converted Serer people have joined

286:

Other spelling: Sarer, Kegueme (possible corruption of Serer-Dyegueme), Serrere, Serere, Ceereer/Cereer (early European spelling/maps), and sometimes wrongly Serre

2348: 1959: 3860:

William J. Foltz. From French West Africa to the Mali Federation, Volume 12 of Yale studies in political science, p136. Published by Yale University Press, 1965

1504:

being the dominant language in the market place as well as the factories. However, the Serer language, among other local languages, is now part of the national

1040:

and the rise of internal slavery, the Siin may have been demoted to the rank of second player, in so far as the kingdom was never a major supplier of captives.

971:

were the artisan castes, who inherited their occupation. These castes included blacksmiths, weavers, jewelers, leatherworkers, carpenters, griots who kept the

625:(also spelled: Mahecor Diouf) and Maad Saloum Fode N'Gouye Joof (also spelled: Fodé N’Gouye Diouf or Fode Ngui Joof), respectively. They both died in 1969. 2922: 1100:

by Serer men and believed to bring good luck among those who wear it. Marriages are usually arranged. In the event of the death of an elder, the sacred

4370: 5634: 5468: 4089:

Niang, Mor Sadio, "CEREMONIES ET FÊTES TRADITIONNELLES", IFAN, Éthiopiques, numéro 31 révue socialiste de culture négro-africaine 3e trimestre (1982)

3486:(Sénégal) . Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. "Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986–87." p 19 5762: 5004: 5019: 4131:

Department of Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Hilburn Timeline of Art History. The Fulani/Fulbe People.

601: 3980: 3458:

Muslim communities as well as the European conquerors who viewed the Serer as ""idolaters of great cruelty." For more on this, see Kerr, Robert,

2294: 423:. "Serer" is the standard English spelling. "Seereer" or "Sereer" reflects the Serer pronunciation of the name and are spellings used mostly by 5283: 5109: 5014: 4999: 4994: 4428: 3259: 899: 246:

that long resisted the expansion of Islam. They fought against jihads in the 19th century, and subsequently opposed the French colonial rule.

3468:

Academia das Ciências de Lisboa. Collecção de noticias para a historia e geografia das nações ultramarinas: que vivem nos dominios portuguezes

1407:

with whom they have an ancient relationship. In the Serer ethnic group, this same bond exists between the Serer patronym, for example between

4337: 4249: 3715: 3688: 3661: 3597: 3567: 3537: 3507: 3346: 2985: 2841: 2809: 2779: 2715: 2537: 2505: 2387: 2215: 1327:, etc., were ill-treated by their Serer masters. If a Moor dies in a Serer kingdom, his body was dragged out of the country and left for the 5777: 5772: 5627: 5461: 5119: 1164:(real name: "Yakhya Diop"), who is a professional wrestler in Senegal is one of the top wrestlers proficient in the "mbapatte" technique. 963:, or the warriors and chiefs who had helped the Mandinka rulers and paid tribute. The third status, and the largest strata came to be the 1248: 651:

Serer kingdoms included the Kingdom of Sine and the Kingdom of Saloum. In addition to these twin Serer kingdoms, the Serer ruled in the

3069: 2682: 357:, which was a colony of the Kingdom of Saloum. There they occupy parts of old "Nuimi" and "Baddibu" as well as the Gambian "Kombo". 5767: 5276: 5114: 4327: 4310: 4241: 4227: 4213: 4199: 4171: 4157: 4126: 4077: 4063: 3816: 3800: 3763: 3747: 3638: 3410: 3390: 3370: 3323: 3234: 3211: 3179: 3093: 2621: 2438: 334:; the Serer-Palor occupy the west central, west southwest of Thiès and the Serer-Laalaa occupy west central, north of Thiès and the 3774:

David P. Gamble. The Wolof of Senegambia: together with notes on the Lebu and the Serer, p77. International African Institute, 1957

2643: 4040: 3829:"Sarkodie and Stonebwoy listed among 'Top 10 Hottest African Artistes' making global waves" Pulse, by David Mawuli (27 May 2015) 215:. They are the third-largest ethnic group in Senegal, making up 15% of the Senegalese population. They are also found in northern 789:, professor of History specializing in Ethnic Group studies, the Serer people "violently resisted the expansion of Islam" by the 341:

The Serer people are diverse. Although they lived throughout the Senegambia region, they are more numerous in places such as old

940:

The previously held view that the Serer only follow a matrilineal structure is a matter of conjecture. Although matrilineality (

2408: 3893: 4773: 4768: 3986: 3193:

Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire. "Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire," Volume 38. IFAN, 1976. pp 557–504

2679: 2586: 2310: 4094:

Senegambian Ethnic Groups: Common Origins and Cultural Affinities Factors and Forces of National Unity, Peace and Stability

1045:

The Serer ethnic group is rather diverse, and as Martin A. Klein notes, the institution of slavery did not exist among the

747:. Serer religious beliefs encompasses ancient chants and poems; veneration and offerings to Serer gods, goddesses, and the 3616:, Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987. pp 28–30, 46, 106–9 2182:(As of 2024, Senegal has had five presidents after independence. The first, second, and fifth were Serers – 1960 – 2024). 2179: 2162: 2011: 1331:

to feast on if there is no family or friend to claim the body and bury it elsewhere. They were also never accompanied by

3909:

Ethnic Groups : Common Origins and Cultural Affinities Factors and Forces of National Unity, Peace and Stability",

5782: 2337: 5650: 5484: 3878: 3795:

Patricia Tang. Masters of the sabar: Wolof griot percussionists of Senegal, p-p32, 34. Temple University Press, 2007.

4578: 3120: 4905: 2403:"Charisma and Ethnicity in Political Context: A Case Study in the Establishment of a Senegalese Religious Clientele" 1069: 4820: 4815: 4656: 4421: 3630: 2965: 2430: 2413: 5064: 4915: 2735:

Pierret, Paul, "Dictionnaire d'archéologie égyptienne", Imprimerie nationale 1875, p. 198-199 Diop, Cheikh Anta,

867:

The Serer people have traditionally been a socially stratified society, like many West African ethnic groups with

399:(also spelt "N’doute"), Serer-Njeghene (sometimes spelt "Serer-Dyegueme" or "Serer-Gyegem" or "Serer-N'Diéghem"), 5009: 4783: 4528: 4266:"Recharting Atlantic encounters. Object trajectories and histories of value in the Siin (Senegal) and Senegambia" 3758:

Patricia Tang. Masters of the sabar: Wolof griot percussionists of Senegal, p144. Temple University Press, 2007.

3263: 2920: 2919:. Éthiopiques, No: 54, Revue Semestrielle de Culture Négro-Africaine. Nouvelle Série, Volume 7, 2e Semestre 1991 1355:

Serers and Toucouleurs are linked by a bond of "cousinage". This is a tradition common to many ethnic groups of

772: 622: 5059: 3840:"Nigeria: 10 Hottest African Artistes Making Global Waves" AllAfrica.com, by Anthony Ada Abraham (28 May 2015) 5299: 4920: 2962:

Recharting Atlantic encounters. Object trajectories and histories of value in the Siin (Senegal) and Senegambia

2157: 778:

In contemporary times, about 85% of the Serers are Muslim, while others are Christian. Some Serer still follow

3851:

Abdou Bouri Bâ. Essai sur l’histoire du Saloum et du Rip. Avant-propos par Charles Becker et Victor Martin, p4

1949: 1228:. The Wolof people who migrated to Serer Saloum picked it up from there and spread it to Wolof Kingdoms. Each 1011:(King of Sine). That is just a sample of the power of the bur kevel who was also a member of the griot caste. 4533: 257:. The Serer society, like other ethnic groups in Senegal, has had social stratification featuring endogamous 5130: 4910: 4900: 4840: 4825: 4496: 4367: 2174: 1108:

with a small hollow-out) is beaten followed by the usual funeral regalia to send them off to the next life.

1077: 895: 4513: 496:, citing the work of 19th-century French archeologist and Egyptologist, Paul Pierret, states that the word 411:(also known as "Falor", "Palar", "Siili", "Siili-Mantine", "Siili-Siili", "Waro" or just "Serer"), and the 5029: 5024: 4960: 4798: 4778: 4715: 4593: 3911: 752: 581:

shot and killed Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar with an arrow. They also violently resisted the 19th-century jihads and

2053: 1284: 5757: 5671: 5104: 4446: 4414: 4315: 3425:. Department of Political Science & International Studies Program. The University of Oregon. pp 9–10 3022:, No: 54, Revue Semestrielle de Culture Négro-Africaine. Nouvelle Série, Volume 7, 2e Semestre 1991. By 2047: 1983: 1932: 1848: 1292: 883: 882:

conquered and subjugated the Serer people. That view (propelled during the colonial era probably due to

4023:

NB: 2006 Figures are taken in order to compare the population of the Serer in the respective countries.

31: 4289:

The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal

2479:

The State Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal

5069: 4950: 4573: 4518: 1979: 1917: 1808: 1184:

dances and royal festivals. Serer wrestling crosses ethnic boundaries and is a favourite pastime for

1132: 1062: 212: 845:(and other forms of production or occupation such as animal husbandry, fishing especially among the 829:, they are generally less known for that, as in the past, Serer nobles entrusted their herds to the 5054: 4830: 4523: 4254: 3739: 1372: 1173: 913:

In other regions where Serer people are found, state JD Fage, Richard Gray and Roland Oliver, the

5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5049: 4636: 4486: 2885: 2877: 2323:

Agence Nationale de Statistique et de la Démographie. Estimated figures for 2007 in Senegal alone

1968: 4613: 4282:

Two studies on ethnic group relations in Africa – Senegal, The United Republic of Tanzania

5731: 5610: 5560: 5437: 5400: 5248: 4989: 4686: 4461: 4323: 4306: 4245: 4237: 4223: 4209: 4195: 4167: 4153: 4122: 4073: 4059: 3812: 3796: 3759: 3743: 3711: 3705: 3684: 3657: 3634: 3593: 3563: 3533: 3503: 3497: 3406: 3386: 3366: 3342: 3319: 3230: 3207: 3175: 3089: 3065: 2837: 2805: 2799: 2775: 2711: 2705: 2675: 2656: 2582: 2545: 2533: 2501: 2434: 2383: 2261: 2071: 2041: 1767: 1396: 1304: 1225: 918: 907: 642: 618: 566: 539: 396: 376: 178: 4538: 4145:, 2nd edition – September 2002. Published by Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd, page 13 3819: 3678: 3587: 3381:

Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 29, p-p 855-6 and 912.

2769: 2636:

Petit traité de matrilinarité. L'accumulation dans deux sociétés rurales d'Afrique de l'Ouest

2527: 2495: 2377: 2026:, Senegalese Lawyer and the first president of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 238:

The Serer people have been historically noted as an ethnic group practicing elements of both

5355: 5040: 4850: 4758: 4082:

Gamble, David P., & Salmon, Linda K. (with Alhaji Hassan Njie), Gambian Studies No. 17.

3557: 3527: 2869: 2831: 2449: 2065: 1538: 1512: 1497: 1463: 1121: 826: 760: 706:

and Njie, and the maternal lineage of Wagadou – members of the royal families from the

656: 538:

Their own oral traditions recite legends that relate their being part of, or related to the

493: 124: 4945: 4563: 5706: 5696: 5691: 5565: 5545: 5535: 5525: 5405: 5380: 5370: 5360: 5345: 4979: 4855: 4753: 4466: 4374: 4353:

Portions of this article were translated from the French language Knowledge (XXG) article

4056:

New perspectives on Islam in Senegal: conversion, migration, wealth, power, and femininity

3990: 3937:

Becker, Charles, "Vestiges historiques, trémoins matériels du passé clans les pays sereer"

3897: 3125:

p54. Published by: Centre d'études linguistiques et historiques par tradition orale (1996)

3023: 2926: 2912: 2029: 2014:

late Senegambian historian, politician and colonial-era advocate for Gambia's independence

1964: 1763: 1324: 1221: 1148: 933: 925: 903: 862: 794: 690:

and Baol that ruled after 1549 following the Battle of Danki were originally Black Moors (

668: 646: 638: 614: 597: 532: 485: 478: 444: 420: 404: 372: 364:

The Gambia: 88,316.45 (2019-2020 estimates, 3.5% of total population according to Gambia)

346: 311:, particularly in the west-central part of the country, running from the southern edge of 299:

An ethnic map of Senegal in 1853, drawn by the French. The Serer people region is marked "

295: 3983:, Éthiopiques, numéro 31 révue socialiste de culture négro-africaine 3 trimestre (1982) 3742:. The Gambia and Its People: Ethnic Identities and Cultural Integration in Africa, p141. 3464:

Primo volume delle nauigationi et viaggi nel qual si contiene la descrittione dell'Africa

2125: 2089: 5726: 5716: 5711: 5587: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5427: 5330: 5320: 5315: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4788: 4558: 4014:, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. (Ethnologue.com – 2006 and 2007). 3451: 3222: 2233: 2119: 2107: 2077: 2059: 1826: 1738: 1707: 1676: 1570: 1524: 1520: 1501: 1493: 1469: 1459: 1412: 1368: 1233: 1144: 1073: 1018: 972: 945: 846: 786: 779: 722: 703: 452: 416: 254: 243: 239: 196: 154: 128: 120: 1240:

of a particular family and are used during weddings, naming ceremonies, funerals etc.

5751: 5701: 5540: 5500: 5375: 5325: 5310: 4970: 4865: 4860: 4763: 4728: 4032: 2889: 2461: 2247: 2135: 2113: 2101: 2023: 2017: 1993: 1645: 1610: 1516: 1427: 1229: 1177: 1160:, which is one of the oldest techniques and totally different from modern wrestling. 1015:

belonging to the nobles. The social status of the slave has been inherited by birth.

698:, these two kingdoms were ruled by the Serer people with the patrilineages "Joof" or 517: 227: 3034:

Russell G. Schuh, "The Use and Misuse of Language in the Study of African History",

1116: 5736: 5592: 5580: 5575: 5555: 5442: 5420: 5415: 5395: 5385: 5335: 5253: 5182: 4940: 4723: 4481: 4476: 4456: 3888: 3479: 2200: 2035: 1232:

has a purpose and is used for different occasions. Individual motifs represent the

1217: 1181: 1008: 992: 914: 891: 790: 707: 671:

was originally an old Serer Kingdom ruled by the Serer paternal dynasties, such as

652: 578: 562: 555: 547: 543: 477:

word seereer meaning sahir magician or one who practices magic (an allusion to the

412: 408: 400: 232: 209: 182: 170: 150: 4320:

Leaders of Senegambia Region, Reactions To European Infiltration 19th–20th Century

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Desert frontier: ecological and economic change along the Western Sahel, 1600–1850

1243: 523:

when Islam first came across the Sahara." Over generations these people, possibly

4354: 3841: 3462:, J. Ballantyne & Co., 1811, p. 239; (in Italian) Giovanni Battista Ramusio, 3336: 379:

areas (now part of modern-day independent Senegal). The Serer people include the

5681: 5530: 5520: 5432: 5365: 5350: 5340: 5243: 5238: 5177: 5152: 5147: 5099: 5089: 4676: 4277:

The Wolof Epic: From Spoken Word to Written Text. "The Epic of Ndiadiane Ndiaye"

3455: 3363:

The Gambia and Its People: Ethnic Identities and Cultural Integration in Africa,

3303:

The Gambia and its People: Ethnic Identities and cultural integration in Africa,

2662: 2130: 2095: 1999: 1955: 1804: 1800: 1730:

Triangle southwest of and near Thiès (between Diamniadio, Popenguine, and Thiès)

1599: 1473: 1419: 1408: 1404: 1356: 1332: 1152: 996: 842: 830: 672: 435: 335: 174: 4336:. p. 32, Third Edition. Sunrise Publishers Ltd – The Gambia (2003). 2579:

Médecine traditionnelle religion et divination chez les Seereer Sine du Senegal

488:

word meaning separation, divorce, or break, again referring to rejecting Islam.

5676: 5619: 5570: 5495: 5453: 5410: 4691: 4671: 4471: 4368:

Moving from Teaching African Customary Laws to Teaching African Indigenous Law

3906: 2873: 2223: 2083: 1987: 1854: 1785: 1781: 1775: 1771: 1505: 1447: 1430:

for example between the children of a paternal aunt and a maternal uncle) and

1320: 1273: 1189: 1185: 1046: 929: 850: 809: 586: 570: 424: 388: 384: 354: 316: 220: 104: 84: 2427:

Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick,

2771:

Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick

2529:

Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick

2005: 1277: 1237: 1057: 987:) caste were among the lower echelons of society is a matter of debate. The 768: 756: 551: 415:(sometimes known as "Laa", "La" or "Lâ" or just "Serer"). Each group speaks 5268: 4220:

Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500)

1161: 735:('the way of the Divine'). It believes in a universal Supreme Deity called 2642:, O.R.S.T.O.M. Fonds Documentaire (1988), pp 1, 2–4 (pp 272–4), 7 (p 277) 5094: 4743: 4701: 4603: 4568: 3786:

Ali Colleen Neff. Tassou: the Ancient Spoken Word of African Women. 2010.

2640:

Matrilineages, Economic Groups and Differentiation in West Africa: A Note

2638:, Cahiers ORSTOM, série Sciences Humaines 4 (1985) Gastellu, Jean-Marc, 1928: 1881: 1595: 1481: 1328: 1105: 1085: 875: 838: 764: 582: 447:

views it as possibly pre-Islamic and suggests four possible derivations:

323: 4150:

African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy: From Antiquity to the 21st Century

3869:

According to both Serer and Jola tradition, they trace their descend to

3166: 3164: 361:

Senegal: 2,941,545.6 million (2023 estimates) (16% of total population)

5686: 5666: 5162: 4646: 4553: 4543: 4341: 3460:

A general history of voyages and travels to the end of the 18th century

3106:

Peoples and empires of Senegambia: Senegambia in history, AD 1000–1900,

3048: 2989: 2618:

Vestiges historiques, trémoins matériels du passé clans les pays sereer

2402: 2207: 1973: 1892: 1837: 1637: 1528: 1477: 1030: 805: 748: 680: 577:

into the region. According to Serer oral history, a Serer bowman named

308: 65: 4058:. Published by: Palgrave Macmillan. 2009. the University of Michigan. 2881: 2860:

Tal Tamari (1991). "The Development of Caste Systems in West Africa".

890:. This view is supported by Senegalese historians and writers such as 5661: 5212: 5207: 5157: 4925: 4748: 4733: 4666: 4641: 4548: 4380: 4206:

The Indian Sub-continent, south-East Asia, Africa and the Muslim West

4119:

All Africa: All its political entities of independent or other status

3318:

Volume 17, p63. 2nd Edition. Published by: Marshall Cavendish, 2009.

2558: 1843: 1489: 1261: 1089: 1081: 887: 793:

in the 19th century. They were a target of the 1861 jihad led by the

676: 524: 474: 350: 258: 250: 216: 4208:. Volume 2, Part 1. Published by: Cambridge University Press. 1977. 4084:

People of the Gambia. I. The Wolof with notes on the Serer and Lebou

592: 4400: 2630: 2628: 1061:

Serer wrestling. Rituals and regalia based on Serer tradition. See

5142: 4935: 4930: 4696: 3470:, ou lhes são visinhas, Published by Typ. da Academia, 1812, p. 51 1958:, second president of Senegal and former secretary general of the 1897: 1887: 1877: 1821: 1485: 1435: 1344: 1316: 1288: 1256: 1242: 1213: 1125: 1115: 1097: 1056: 1000: 879: 868: 710:(proper "Wagadou Empire") who married into the Serer aristocracy. 699: 687: 664: 660: 591: 574: 460: 327: 312: 294: 146: 4395: 3277:

L’Education traditionnelle à travers les chants et poèmes sereer,

3018:"La Religiosité des Sereer, avant et pendant leur Islamisation". 967:, or free peasants who lacked the power of the nobles. Below the 508:

Other historians such as R. G. Schuh have refuted Diop's thesis.

5172: 5167: 4738: 4681: 4618: 4608: 4583: 2947: 1936: 1912: 1901: 1871: 1831: 1817: 1281: 801: 736: 726: 695: 342: 331: 5623: 5457: 5272: 4410: 4406: 4390: 2612: 2610: 4381:

Ethnolyrical. Tassou: The Ancient Spoken Word of African Women

4136:

The Use and Misuse of language in the study of African history

743:). The Cangin-language speakers refer to the supreme being as 330:

and north west of ancient Thiès. The Serer-Njeghen occupy old

3811:

Connolly, Sean,"Senegal", Bradt Travel Guides (2015), p. 26,

2917:

La Religiosité des Sereer, Avant et Pendant Leur Islamisation

2739:, (trans: Harold Salemson), Chicago Review Press, 1988, p. 65 2376:

Claire L. Adida; David D. Laitin; Marie-Anne Valfort (2016).

554:

movement. They migrated south where they intermixed with the

4181:. Volume 10. Published by: Cambridge University Press. 1969 3403:

A Modern Economic History of Africa: The nineteenth century,

3279:

Dakar: Université de Dakar, 1983, 344 p. (Thèse de 3e cycle)

2573: 2571: 2379:

Why Muslim Integration Fails in Christian-Heritage Societies

2336:

National Population Commission Secretariat (30 April 2005).

2146: 874:

The mainstream view has been that the Mandinka (or Malinka)

326:

in modern-day Senegal. The Serer-Ndut are found in southern

3650:

Nevins, Debbie; Berg, Elizabeth; Wan, Ruth (15 July 2018).

2481:, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004 p. 51 371:

The Serer (also known as "Seex" or "Sine-Sine") occupy the

249:

In the 20th century, most of the Serer converted to Islam (

4385: 3680:

Reproduction and Social Organization in Sub-Saharan Africa

3433: 3431: 2820:, and Pulaar-speaking Toucouleur are all caste societies." 2581:, La connaissance de la nuit, L'Harmattan (1997), p. 299, 2338:"2013 Population and Housing Census: Spatial Distribution" 565:

was sacked as certain kingdoms gained their independence,

3979:

Niang, Mor Sadio, "CEREMONIES ET FÊTES TRADITIONNELLES",

2293:

CIA World Factbook, Senegal (2023 estimates) - archive

1300: 4070:

History of Senegal: Islamo-Wolof model and its outskirts

4037:

Sénégal : Marième Faye Sall, nouvelle première dame

3782: 3780: 3704:

J. D. Fage; Richard Gray; Roland Anthony Oliver (1975).

3559:

Islam and Imperialism in Senegal: Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914

3529:

Islam and Imperialism in Senegal: Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914

3496:

J. D. Fage; Richard Gray; Roland Anthony Oliver (1975).

3189: 3187: 2833:

Islam and Imperialism in Senegal: Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914

683:

maternal dynasty prior to the Battle of Danki in 1549.

542:

in the Senegal River valley area. Serer people resisted

4334:

Ethnic Groups of The Senegambia Region, A Brief History

3877:(variantes : Ougeney, Eugeny, Eugene, etc.). For 3423:

Market Liberalization as a Catalyst for Ethnic Conflict

2982:

Ethnic Groups of The Senegambia Region. A Brief History

2801:

Urban Poverty and Party Populism in African Democracies

2753:

Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914

2747: 2745: 1468:

Most people who identify themselves as Serer speak the

2596: 2594: 4305:. Scarecrow Press/ Metuchen. NJ – London (1981) 2652: 2650: 1339:(Bissik). Apart from spying for the Serer Kings, the 1323:

who came to settle in the Serer kingdoms such as the

307:

The Serer people are primarily found in contemporary

3084:

Roland Oliver, John Donnelly Fage, G. N. Sanderson.

2984:. p32. Sunrise Publishers Ltd. Third Edition, 2003. 2707:

The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary

991:, who was the most important person after the king ( 921:

introduced the caste system among the Serer people.

231:

and have been known for their farming expertise and

5225: 5128: 5078: 5038: 4968: 4959: 4893: 4839: 4806: 4797: 4714: 4655: 4627: 4592: 4504: 4495: 4445: 1295:) was proficient in the "Tassu". She was the best 500:means "he who traces the temple." Diop continued: 391:(sometimes spelt "Serer-None", "Serer-Non" or just 164: 139: 114: 94: 74: 56: 51: 41: 4322:. Sunrise Publishers Ltd – The Gambia (1995) 3975:For more on Serer religious festivals, see : 3683:. University of California Press. pp. 46–47. 3454:sentiments have both been propelled by none-Serer 3000:Ethnologue.com. Languages of Senegal. 2007 figures 2793: 2791: 2763: 2761: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2371: 2369: 2086:, Senegalese-born Italian social media personality 863:Kingdom of Sine § Political structure of Sine 4396:Seereer Resource Centre and Seereer Radio Podcast 4187:, Volumes 17–18. Published by: Plenum Press, 2000 3245:Clark, Andrew F., & Philips, Lucie Colvin, 1523:, which are not closely related to Serer proper ( 4291:. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2004 3710:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 289–290. 3502:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 283–284. 2416:on behalf of the International African Institute 1403:The Serers also maintain the same bond with the 459:meaning 'misplaced', i.e. doubting the truth of 4346:Clark, Andrew F., & Philips, Lucie Colvin, 4222:. Volume 2. Published by: Facts on File. 2001. 3873:(also spelt : Jambonge, Jambon, etc.) and 3581: 3579: 2976: 2974: 1200: 4298:, 1847–1914, Edinburgh University Press (1968) 4259:Ethnic Diversity and Integration in the Gambia 3592:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 63–65. 3341:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 68–70. 2908: 2906: 2904: 2774:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 71–74. 2532:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 54–55. 1960:Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie 1952:, first president of Senegal from 1960 to 1980 1422:people also refer to this joking relations as 902:, this would explain why none of the kings of 443:The meaning of the word "Serer" is uncertain. 5635: 5469: 5284: 4422: 3627:Islam and Imperialism in Senegal, Sine-Saloum 1780:1,154,760 (Senegal – 2006 figures); 31,900 ( 1291:of the late and former president of Senegal ( 8: 4296:Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum 4272:17 (1) 1–27. Cambridge University Press 2010 3562:. Stanford University Press. pp. 8–11. 2855: 2853: 2836:. Stanford University Press. pp. 7–11. 2751:See Godfrey Mwakikagile in Martin A. Klein. 2382:. Harvard University Press. pp. 33–34. 2331: 2329: 2319: 2317: 2020:, Gambian lawyer and champion of free speech 24: 4177:Oliver, Roland Anthony, & Fage, J. D., 4166:. Page 84. Markus Wiener Publishers. 2003. 4152:. Page 91–92. Published by ABC-CLIO. 2010. 3532:. Stanford University Press. pp. 7–8. 3292:Dakar: Nouvelles Editions Africaines (1990) 2804:. Cambridge University Press. p. 165. 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2494:Elizabeth Berg; Ruth Wan; Ruth Lau (2009). 1401:"Tukulor are a mixture of Fulani and Serer" 1399:are related – according to Wiliam J. foltz 470:meaning "to find something hidden or lost." 269:The Serer people are also referred to as: 5642: 5628: 5620: 5476: 5462: 5454: 5291: 5277: 5269: 5229: 4965: 4803: 4501: 4429: 4415: 4407: 3551: 3549: 3258:See Diouf, Niokhobaye, list of kings from 3156:Rulers of Sine and Saloum, 1825 to present 2868:(2). Cambridge University Press: 221–250. 2755:, Edinburgh at the University Press (1968) 2008:, Senegalese film director and ethnologist 694:). Prior to the Faal dynasty of Cayor and 550:from possibly the 11th century during the 322:The Serer-Noon occupy the ancient area of 30: 23: 4194:, Volume 1. Published by: Longman, 1985. 4190:Ajayi, J. F. Ade & Crowder, Michael, 3521: 3519: 3439:La question Gelwaar et l’histoire du Siin 2956: 2954: 2489: 2487: 2473: 2471: 2469: 1967:, the first African elected to office in 731:The Serer traditional religion is called 686:The Faal (var: Fall) paternal dynasty of 5005:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof 4010:Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: 3441:, Dakar, Université de Dakar, 1987, p 69 3229:p 82, Cambridge University Press, 1998, 3227:Senegambia and the Atlantic Slave Trade, 3088:p214. Cambridge University Press, 1985. 3062:African Households: Censuses And Surveys 2305: 2303: 2301: 1939:) etc... are all typical Serer surnames. 1534: 833:Fula, a practice that continues today. 434: 5020:Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof 4114:. Publisher by Government Printer, 1982 3206:, p 31, Univ of Wisconsin Press, 1995, 2964:. Archaeological Dialogues 17(1) 1–27. 2938: 2936: 2934: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2281: 602:Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof 5110:The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof 5015:Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh 5000:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof 4995:Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof 4054:Diouf, Mamadou & Leichtman, Mara, 841:, with strict guidelines. Apart from 804:Muslim Brotherhoods, particularly the 4236:. Published by: Lonely Planet. 2009. 4103:Berg, Elizabeth L., & Wan, Ruth, 3405:p110. East African Publishers, 1997. 2661:Sagesse sereer: Essais sur la pensée 2563:Natural resources research, Volume 16 2289: 2287: 2285: 2038:, Senegalese historian and politician 2032:, Senegalese historian and theologian 1733:114,000 (Senegal figures only (2007) 1699:West central, west southwest of Thiès 1605:12,000 (Senegal figures only) (2007) 1395:. This is because the Serers and the 1351:Joking relationship (Maasir or Kalir) 1307:, uses "Tassu" in many of his songs. 1216:(drum) tradition associated with the 1068:The Serer's favourite food is called 439:A 21-year-old Serer rifleman in 1881. 253:), but some are Christians or follow 7: 5120:The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof 3656:. Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC. 3437:Diouf, Babacar Sédikh Ngom, Biram, 1702:10,700 (Senegal figures only (2007) 1671:32,900 (Senegal figures only (2007) 70:2,941,545.6 million (2023 estimates) 52:Regions with significant populations 3108:p17. Saul's Modern Printshop (1991) 2354:from the original on 3 January 2018 1598:, Pambal area, Mbaraglov, Dougnan; 1249:Toronto International Film Festival 1180:in wrestling matches as well as in 226:The Serer people originated in the 4072:. Maisonneuve & Larose. 2001. 3174:, Scarecrow Press, 1981, pp 52–71 2944:Seereer Lamans and the Lamanic Era 2500:. Marshall Cavendish. p. 63. 2216:Yandé Codou, la griotte de Senghor 1562:Areas they are predominantly found 1511:About 200,000 Serer speak various 1120:Senegalese wrestling match at the 1080:or cream and sugar as a breakfast 14: 5115:The Royal House of Jogo Siga Joof 4185:The African archaeological review 4141:Burke, Andrew & Else, David, 2044:, former Vice-president of Gambia 1383:(a deformation of the Serer word 1029:, in Seereer) or sanctified as a 5604: 4348:Historical Dictionary of Senegal 4303:Historical Dictionary of Senegal 4039:, 26 March 2012 by Rémi Carayol 3879:the legend of Jambooñ and Agaire 3589:Beyond Ethnic Politics in Africa 3338:Beyond Ethnic Politics in Africa 3290:La civilisation Sereer, Pangool, 3247:Historical Dictionary of Senegal 3172:Historical dictionary of Senegal 3086:The Cambridge History of Africa, 2666:, KARTHALA Editions (1994). For 2412:, Vol. 63, No. 1 (1993), p. 95, 2254: 2240: 2226: 1986:(as of 2020); wife of President 1813:Some common Serer surnames are: 1633:West central, northwest of Thiès 1559:% Similarity with Lehar (Laalaa) 1442:derives from the old Serer word 466:From the Serer Wolof expression 133:French (Senegal and Mauritania), 97: 77: 58: 36:Serer cultural vigil in Senegal. 5763:Ethnoreligious groups in Africa 3707:The Cambridge History of Africa 3499:The Cambridge History of Africa 3316:Senegal. Cultures of the World. 2409:International African Institute 2056:, Senegalese griot and musician 1303:". The Senegalese music legend 1084:or prepared just as a standard 90:88,316.45 (2019-2020 estimates) 4774:Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune 4769:States headed by Serer Lamanes 4042:(retrieved on 8 February 2020) 3060:Van de Walle, Étienne (2006). 2862:The Journal of African History 2347:. The Republic of The Gambia. 1602:area. Also found in the Gambia 604:. Reign : c. 1825 – 1853. 427:Serer historians or scholars. 1: 4357:, 2008-07-08 and August 2011. 2942:The Seereer Resource Centre, 2768:Leonardo A. Villalón (2006). 2526:Leonardo A. Villalón (2006). 2180:List of presidents of Senegal 2163:List of African ethnic groups 2012:Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof 849:, boat building, etc.), some 531:Niakhar met another group of 291:Demographics and distribution 5065:Lingeer Selbeh Ndoffene Joof 4982:(ancient kings / landowners) 3314:Elizabeth L Berg, Ruth Wan. 2620:, Dakar (1993), CNRS-ORSTOM 2602:Grammaire de la langue Serer 2557:Natural Resources Research, 2050:, fifth president of Senegal 1544:% Similarity with Serer-Sine 1034:G. Richard who posits that: 753:ancestral spirits and saints 5778:Ethnic groups in Mauritania 5773:Ethnic groups in the Gambia 5651:Ethnic groups in Mauritania 5485:Ethnic groups in the Gambia 4386:The Seereer Resource Centre 4284:. Pages 14–15. UNESCO. 1974 4107:. Marshall Cavendish. 2009. 3890:"Le Siin avant les Gelwaar" 3154:See Sarr; Bâ, also: Klein: 3064:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 80. 2704:James Stuart Olson (1996). 2345:Gambia Bureau of Statistics 1784:– 2006 figures) and 3,500 ( 773:history of the Serer people 47:Over 3 million (as of 2023) 5801: 5041:Queens & Queen Mothers 4179:Journal of African History 3677:Ron J. Lesthaeghe (1989). 3633:(1968), pp 12, 46, 102–3, 3631:Edinburgh University Press 3123:et les traditions Sérères, 2966:Cambridge University Press 2710:. Greenwood. p. 516. 2431:Cambridge University Press 2414:Cambridge University Press 1798: 1457: 1220:originated from the Serer 1147:originated from the Serer 860: 720: 636: 515: 255:their traditional religion 5657: 5601: 5491: 5306: 5232: 5010:Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof 4784:Timeline of Serer history 4377:. By Dr Fatou. K. Camara 4301:Colvin, Lucie Gallistel, 3301:See Godfrey Mwakikagile. 3264:Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof 3134: 2874:10.1017/s0021853700025718 2798:Danielle Resnick (2013). 1840:(var : Sene or Sain) 1315:In the pre-colonial era, 1088:. The Serer traditional 623:Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof 169: 144: 119: 46: 29: 16:West African ethnic group 5768:Ethnic groups in Senegal 5300:Ethnic groups in Senegal 4519:Classical Ndut teachings 4332:Sonko Godwin, Patience, 4287:Galvan, Dennis Charles, 4270:Archaeological Dialogues 4143:The Gambia & Senegal 3989:24 December 2013 at the 3556:Martin A. Klein (1968). 3526:Martin A. Klein (1968). 3170:Phillips, Lucie Colvin, 3145:See Martin Klein p 62-93 2830:Martin A. Klein (1968). 2737:Precolonial Black Africa 2477:Galvan, Dennis Charles, 2405:, Leonardo A. Villalón, 2158:Ethnic groups in Senegal 1500:. That resulted in the 1311:Serer relations to Moors 898:. With the exception of 4350:. Second Edition (1994) 4164:The golden age of Islam 4121:. Hasting House, 1970. 3896:29 October 2013 at the 3614:Histoire du Sine-Saloum 3586:Dominika Koter (2016). 3484:Histoire du Sine-Saloum 3383:Encyclopædia Britannica 3335:Dominika Koter (2016). 3260:Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali 3249:. Second Edition (1994) 3050:. Accessed 5 Aug. 2024. 3038:, 1997, 25(1), p. 36-81 2980:Patience Sonko-Godwin. 2960:Richard, François G., 2565:, Unesco (1979), p. 265 2425:Villalón, Leonardo A., 2175:Demographics of Senegal 2122:, Senegalese footballer 2116:, Senegalese footballer 2110:, Senegalese footballer 2104:, Senegalese politician 2098:, Senegalese footballer 2092:, Senegalese footballer 2080:, Senegalese footballer 2068:, Senegalese footballer 2062:, Senegalese footballer 1996:, Senegalese footballer 1976:, Senegalese footballer 1770:River valleys. Also in 1741:(not a Cangin language) 1594:West central, north of 1556:% Similarity with Palor 1550:% Similarity with Saafi 5030:Maad Semou Njekeh Joof 5025:Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof 4401:Seereer Heritage Press 4373:5 October 2011 at the 4316:Sonko Godwin, Patience 4264:Richard, François G., 4192:History of West Africa 4012:Languages of the World 1553:% Similarity with Ndut 1547:% Similarity with Noon 1251: 1204: 1129: 1065: 605: 506: 440: 304: 5611:The Gambia portal 5105:Joos Maternal Dynasty 4148:Nanjira, Daniel Don, 4112:Stories of Senegambia 3361:Godfrey Mwakikagile. 3121:Léopold Sédar Senghor 3117:Marcel Mahawa Diouf. 2634:Gastellu, Jean-Marc, 2074:, Senegalese wrestler 2048:Bassirou Diomaye Faye 1984:First Lady of Senegal 1950:Léopold Sedar Senghor 1565:Estimated population 1343:main job was to be a 1293:Leopold Sedar Senghor 1246: 1119: 1060: 884:anti-Serer sentiments 857:Social stratification 679:family, etc. and the 595: 502: 438: 298: 165:Related ethnic groups 5070:Serer maternal clans 4255:Mwakikagile, Godfrey 4204:Peter Malcolm Holt, 3730:Klein (1968), p. 165 3450:Anti Serer and anti- 2925:3 March 2016 at the 1944:Notable Serer people 1809:Serer maternal clans 1774:and small number in 1640:figures only (2007) 1472:. This is spoken in 1178:music accompaniments 1156:techniques like the 1133:Senegalese wrestling 1112:Wrestling and sports 1063:Senegalese wrestling 896:Babacar Sédikh Diouf 585:movement to convert 479:traditional religion 213:ethnoreligious group 5783:Fishing communities 5060:Lingeer Ngoné Dièye 5055:Lingeer Ndoye Demba 4779:Battle of Logandème 4744:Kingdom of Biffeche 4134:Schuh, Russell G., 4110:Mahoney, Florence, 4086:San Francisco 1985. 4001:Martin A, Klein, p7 3905:Taal, Ebou Momar, " 3740:Godfrey Mwakikagile 3202:Webb, James L. A., 2152:Other ethnic groups 2002:, Senegalese author 1739:Serer-Sine language 1527:). There are clear 1525:Serer-Sine language 1379:, which comes from 1373:Joking relationship 1247:N'Dour at the 2008 1174:musical instruments 26: 5050:Lingeer Fatim Beye 4403:(publishing house) 4294:Klein, Martin A., 4162:Lombard, Maurice, 4092:Taal, Ebou Momar, 3946:Variations : 2657:Dupire, Marguerite 2309:CIA World Fackbook 1969:French West Africa 1252: 1224:and spread to the 1130: 1066: 979:The view that the 919:Toucouleur peoples 613:The last kings of 606: 441: 305: 145:Senegal 2002: 90% 5745: 5744: 5617: 5616: 5451: 5450: 5266: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5249:Toucouleur people 5221: 5220: 4990:Lamane Jegan Joof 4889: 4888: 4749:kingdom of Saloum 4710: 4709: 4687:Point of Sangomar 4250:978-1-74104-821-6 4218:Page, Willie F., 3717:978-0-521-20413-2 3690:978-0-520-06363-1 3663:978-1-5026-3642-3 3625:Klein, Martin A. 3599:978-1-316-77290-4 3569:978-0-8047-0621-6 3539:978-0-8047-0621-6 3509:978-0-521-20413-2 3348:978-1-316-77290-4 2843:978-0-8047-0621-6 2811:978-1-107-65723-6 2781:978-0-521-03232-2 2717:978-0-313-27918-8 2616:Becker, Charles: 2539:978-0-521-03232-2 2507:978-0-7614-4481-7 2389:978-0-674-50492-9 2273: 2272: 2262:Mauritania portal 2042:Isatou Njie-Saidy 1980:Marième Faye Sall 1925:Charreh or Thiare 1792: 1791: 1541:and Serer proper 1268:traditions (also 1226:Kingdom of Saloum 1128:. Serer tradition 1096:. It is normally 894:, Biram Ngom and 643:Kingdom of Saloum 567:Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar 540:Toucouleur people 367:Mauritania: 3,500 315:to the border of 303:" (left, center). 188: 187: 179:Toucouleur people 5790: 5644: 5637: 5630: 5621: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5478: 5471: 5464: 5455: 5293: 5286: 5279: 5270: 5230: 4966: 4804: 4759:Serer prehistory 4502: 4431: 4424: 4417: 4408: 4068:Diouf, Mamadou, 4043: 4030: 4024: 4021: 4015: 4008: 4002: 3999: 3993: 3978: 3973: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3944: 3938: 3935: 3929: 3926: 3920: 3904: 3886: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3852: 3849: 3843: 3838: 3832: 3827: 3821: 3809: 3803: 3793: 3787: 3784: 3775: 3772: 3766: 3756: 3750: 3737: 3731: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3647: 3641: 3623: 3617: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3583: 3574: 3573: 3553: 3544: 3543: 3523: 3514: 3513: 3493: 3487: 3477: 3471: 3448: 3442: 3435: 3426: 3419: 3413: 3401:Tiyambe Zeleza. 3399: 3393: 3379: 3373: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3332: 3326: 3312: 3306: 3299: 3293: 3288:Henry Gravrand, 3286: 3280: 3273: 3267: 3256: 3250: 3243: 3237: 3220: 3214: 3200: 3194: 3191: 3182: 3168: 3159: 3152: 3146: 3143: 3137: 3135:Ibn Abi Zar, p89 3132: 3126: 3115: 3109: 3102: 3096: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3032: 3026: 3016: 3010: 3007: 3001: 2998: 2992: 2978: 2969: 2958: 2949: 2940: 2929: 2913:Thiaw, Issa Laye 2910: 2899: 2893: 2857: 2848: 2847: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2795: 2786: 2785: 2765: 2756: 2749: 2740: 2733: 2722: 2721: 2701: 2684: 2654: 2645: 2632: 2623: 2614: 2605: 2600:Lamoise, LE P., 2598: 2589: 2575: 2566: 2555: 2549: 2543: 2523: 2512: 2511: 2491: 2482: 2475: 2464: 2459: 2453: 2447: 2441: 2423: 2417: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2373: 2364: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2353: 2342: 2333: 2324: 2321: 2312: 2307: 2296: 2291: 2264: 2259: 2258: 2257: 2250: 2245: 2244: 2243: 2236: 2231: 2230: 2229: 2147: 2066:Mame Biram Diouf 2054:Yandé Codou Sène 1539:Cangin languages 1535: 1513:Cangin languages 1498:Cangin languages 1464:Cangin languages 1285:Yandé Codou Sène 1208: 1207:Ali Colleen Neff 1122:stade Demba Diop 1005:bur kuvel/guewel 926:Mandinka peoples 888:Serer patriclans 827:animal husbandry 761:rites of passage 609:Last Serer kings 569:, leader of the 494:Cheikh Anta Diop 155:Serer religion ( 135:English (Gambia) 125:Cangin languages 107: 103: 101: 100: 87: 83: 81: 80: 64: 62: 61: 42:Total population 34: 27: 5800: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5788: 5787: 5748: 5747: 5746: 5741: 5653: 5648: 5618: 5613: 5605: 5603: 5597: 5487: 5482: 5452: 5447: 5302: 5297: 5267: 5258: 5217: 5136: 5134: 5124: 5083: 5081: 5074: 5043: 5034: 4983: 4978: 4955: 4906:Chere (or saay) 4885: 4835: 4793: 4754:Kingdom of Sine 4739:Kingdom of Baol 4706: 4651: 4623: 4614:Kopé Tiatie Cac 4594:Supreme deities 4588: 4491: 4441: 4435: 4375:Wayback Machine 4364: 4117:Daggs, Elisa . 4051: 4046: 4031: 4027: 4022: 4018: 4009: 4005: 4000: 3996: 3991:Wayback Machine 3976: 3974: 3970: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3932: 3927: 3923: 3902: 3898:Wayback Machine 3884: 3868: 3864: 3859: 3855: 3850: 3846: 3839: 3835: 3828: 3824: 3810: 3806: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3778: 3773: 3769: 3757: 3753: 3738: 3734: 3729: 3725: 3718: 3703: 3702: 3698: 3691: 3676: 3675: 3671: 3664: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3624: 3620: 3612:Sarr, Alioune, 3611: 3607: 3600: 3585: 3584: 3577: 3570: 3555: 3554: 3547: 3540: 3525: 3524: 3517: 3510: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3478: 3474: 3452:Serer religious 3449: 3445: 3436: 3429: 3421:Dennis Galvan. 3420: 3416: 3400: 3396: 3380: 3376: 3360: 3356: 3349: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3313: 3309: 3300: 3296: 3287: 3283: 3274: 3270: 3257: 3253: 3244: 3240: 3223:Barry, Boubacar 3221: 3217: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3185: 3169: 3162: 3153: 3149: 3144: 3140: 3133: 3129: 3116: 3112: 3103: 3099: 3083: 3079: 3072: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3046: 3042: 3033: 3029: 3024:Issa Laye Thiaw 3017: 3013: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2995: 2979: 2972: 2959: 2952: 2941: 2932: 2927:Wayback Machine 2911: 2902: 2859: 2858: 2851: 2844: 2829: 2828: 2824: 2812: 2797: 2796: 2789: 2782: 2767: 2766: 2759: 2750: 2743: 2734: 2725: 2718: 2703: 2702: 2687: 2655: 2648: 2633: 2626: 2615: 2608: 2599: 2592: 2577:Kalis, Simone, 2576: 2569: 2556: 2552: 2540: 2525: 2524: 2515: 2508: 2493: 2492: 2485: 2476: 2467: 2460: 2456: 2452:, CIA Factsheet 2448: 2444: 2424: 2420: 2407:Journal of the 2401: 2397: 2390: 2375: 2374: 2367: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2340: 2335: 2334: 2327: 2322: 2315: 2308: 2299: 2292: 2283: 2279: 2274: 2260: 2255: 2253: 2246: 2241: 2239: 2232: 2227: 2225: 2188: 2144: 2030:Issa Laye Thiaw 1965:Ngalandou Diouf 1946: 1811: 1797: 1795:Serer patronyms 1496:as well as the 1466: 1458:Main articles: 1456: 1454:Serer languages 1353: 1325:Kingdom of Sine 1313: 1260:(progenitor of 1222:Kingdom of Sine 1210: 1206: 1198: 1149:Kingdom of Sine 1114: 1070:Chere (or saay) 1055: 1049:and N'Dieghem. 952:) or paternal ( 934:Martin A. Klein 865: 859: 823: 818: 780:Serer spiritual 729: 721:Main articles: 719: 669:Kingdom of Baol 649: 647:Kingdom of Baol 639:Kingdom of Sine 637:Main articles: 635: 611: 520: 514: 451:From the Serer 445:Issa Laye Thiaw 433: 421:Cangin language 293: 267: 235:stock-raising. 134: 132: 98: 96: 95: 78: 76: 75: 59: 57: 37: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5798: 5797: 5794: 5786: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5750: 5749: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5649: 5647: 5646: 5639: 5632: 5624: 5615: 5614: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5492: 5489: 5488: 5483: 5481: 5480: 5473: 5466: 5458: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5424: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5307: 5304: 5303: 5298: 5296: 5295: 5288: 5281: 5273: 5264: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5233: 5227: 5226:Related people 5223: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5139: 5137: 5129: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5086: 5084: 5079: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5046: 5044: 5039: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4986: 4984: 4969: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4897: 4895: 4891: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4801: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4791: 4789:Western Sahara 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4720: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4499: 4493: 4492: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4436: 4434: 4433: 4426: 4419: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4363: 4362:External links 4360: 4359: 4358: 4351: 4344: 4330: 4313: 4299: 4292: 4285: 4279: 4273: 4262: 4252: 4232:Ham, Anthony, 4230: 4216: 4202: 4188: 4182: 4175: 4160: 4146: 4139: 4132: 4129: 4115: 4108: 4101: 4097: 4090: 4087: 4080: 4066: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4025: 4016: 4003: 3994: 3968: 3955: 3939: 3930: 3921: 3919: 3918: 3900: 3862: 3853: 3844: 3833: 3822: 3804: 3788: 3776: 3767: 3751: 3732: 3723: 3716: 3696: 3689: 3669: 3662: 3642: 3618: 3605: 3598: 3575: 3568: 3545: 3538: 3515: 3508: 3488: 3472: 3443: 3427: 3414: 3394: 3374: 3354: 3347: 3327: 3307: 3294: 3281: 3268: 3251: 3238: 3215: 3195: 3183: 3160: 3147: 3138: 3127: 3119:Lances mâles: 3110: 3097: 3077: 3071:978-0765616197 3070: 3052: 3040: 3027: 3011: 3002: 2993: 2970: 2950: 2930: 2900: 2849: 2842: 2822: 2810: 2787: 2780: 2757: 2741: 2723: 2716: 2685: 2646: 2624: 2606: 2590: 2567: 2550: 2538: 2513: 2506: 2483: 2465: 2463:Ethnologue.com 2454: 2442: 2418: 2395: 2388: 2365: 2325: 2313: 2297: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2265: 2251: 2237: 2234:Senegal portal 2221: 2220: 2219: 2212: 2211:(Serer-themed) 2204: 2190: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2177: 2166: 2165: 2160: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2120:Abdoulaye Faye 2117: 2111: 2108:Moustapha Name 2105: 2099: 2093: 2087: 2081: 2078:El Hadji Diouf 2075: 2069: 2063: 2057: 2051: 2045: 2039: 2033: 2027: 2021: 2015: 2009: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1977: 1971: 1962: 1953: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1926: 1923: 1922:Chorr or Thior 1920: 1915: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1875: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1852: 1846: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1824: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1789: 1788:2006 figures) 1778: 1762:West central; 1760: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1708:Saafi language 1704: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1677:Palor language 1673: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1642: 1641: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571:Lehar language 1567: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1502:Wolof language 1494:Serer language 1470:Serer language 1460:Serer language 1455: 1452: 1434:(used between 1426:(used between 1369:Serer language 1352: 1349: 1312: 1309: 1305:Youssou N'Dour 1199: 1197: 1194: 1176:) are used as 1113: 1110: 1078:fermented milk 1074:Serer language 1054: 1051: 1043: 1042: 1019:Serer religion 973:oral tradition 858: 855: 847:Serer-Niominka 822: 819: 817: 814: 723:Serer religion 718: 715: 667:and Baol. The 653:Wolof kingdoms 634: 633:Serer kingdoms 631: 610: 607: 516:Main article: 513: 510: 490: 489: 482: 471: 464: 432: 429: 405:Serer-Niominka 369: 368: 365: 362: 292: 289: 288: 287: 284: 283:French: Sérère 281: 273:Serer proper: 266: 265:Other spelling 263: 244:patrilineality 240:matrilineality 186: 185: 167: 166: 162: 161: 142: 141: 137: 136: 117: 116: 112: 111: 108: 92: 91: 88: 72: 71: 68: 54: 53: 49: 48: 44: 43: 39: 38: 35: 20: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5796: 5795: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5656: 5652: 5645: 5640: 5638: 5633: 5631: 5626: 5625: 5622: 5612: 5600: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5493: 5490: 5486: 5479: 5474: 5472: 5467: 5465: 5460: 5459: 5456: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5308: 5305: 5301: 5294: 5289: 5287: 5282: 5280: 5275: 5274: 5271: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5132: 5127: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5080:Dynasties and 5077: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5037: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4981: 4976: 4972: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4892: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4838: 4832: 4831:Serer country 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4796: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4764:Serer history 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4729:Cekeen Tumuli 4727: 4725: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4713: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4654: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4628:Other deities 4626: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4591: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4524:Creation myth 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4444: 4439: 4432: 4427: 4425: 4420: 4418: 4413: 4412: 4409: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4391:Seereer Radio 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4376: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4356: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4329: 4328:9983-86-002-3 4325: 4321: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4311:0-8108-1885-X 4308: 4304: 4300: 4297: 4293: 4290: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275:Diop, Samba, 4274: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4260: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4242:1-74104-821-4 4239: 4235: 4231: 4229: 4228:0-8160-4472-4 4225: 4221: 4217: 4215: 4214:0-521-29137-2 4211: 4207: 4203: 4201: 4200:0-582-64683-9 4197: 4193: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4180: 4176: 4173: 4172:1-55876-322-8 4169: 4165: 4161: 4159: 4158:0-313-37982-3 4155: 4151: 4147: 4144: 4140: 4137: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4127:0-8038-0336-2 4124: 4120: 4116: 4113: 4109: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4095: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4081: 4079: 4078:2-7068-1503-5 4075: 4071: 4067: 4065: 4064:0-230-60648-2 4061: 4057: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4041: 4038: 4034: 4033:Jeune Afrique 4029: 4026: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4007: 4004: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3972: 3969: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3949: 3943: 3940: 3934: 3931: 3925: 3922: 3917: 3914: 3913: 3908: 3901: 3899: 3895: 3892: 3891: 3883: 3882: 3881:, see : 3880: 3876: 3872: 3866: 3863: 3857: 3854: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3817:9781841629131 3814: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3801:1-59213-420-3 3798: 3792: 3789: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3764:1-59213-420-3 3761: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3748:9987-16-023-9 3745: 3741: 3736: 3733: 3727: 3724: 3719: 3713: 3709: 3708: 3700: 3697: 3692: 3686: 3682: 3681: 3673: 3670: 3665: 3659: 3655: 3654: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3639:9780804706216 3636: 3632: 3629:, 1847–1914, 3628: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3609: 3606: 3601: 3595: 3591: 3590: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3552: 3550: 3546: 3541: 3535: 3531: 3530: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3505: 3501: 3500: 3492: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3480:Sarr, Alioune 3476: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3411:9966-46-025-X 3408: 3404: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3391:0-85229-961-3 3388: 3384: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3371:9987-16-023-9 3368: 3364: 3358: 3355: 3350: 3344: 3340: 3339: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3324:0-7614-4481-5 3321: 3317: 3311: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3295: 3291: 3285: 3282: 3278: 3275:Salif Dione, 3272: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3235:0-521-59760-9 3232: 3228: 3224: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3212:0-299-14334-1 3209: 3205: 3199: 3196: 3190: 3188: 3184: 3181: 3180:0-8108-1369-6 3177: 3173: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3151: 3148: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3131: 3128: 3124: 3122: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3094:0-521-22803-4 3091: 3087: 3081: 3078: 3073: 3067: 3063: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3041: 3037: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3006: 3003: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2977: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2931: 2928: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2914: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2856: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2826: 2823: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2803: 2802: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2777: 2773: 2772: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2748: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2713: 2709: 2708: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2664: 2658: 2653: 2651: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2597: 2595: 2591: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2541: 2535: 2531: 2530: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2514: 2509: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2439:9780521032322 2436: 2432: 2428: 2422: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2410: 2404: 2399: 2396: 2391: 2385: 2381: 2380: 2372: 2370: 2366: 2350: 2346: 2339: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2295: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2282: 2276: 2269: 2263: 2252: 2249: 2248:Gambia portal 2238: 2235: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2203: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2149: 2148: 2141: 2137: 2136:Alassane Ndao 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2114:Ousmane Ndong 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2102:Oulimata Sarr 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2018:Bai Modi Joof 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1994:Fallou Diagne 1992: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1794: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1646:Noon language 1644: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1611:Ndut language 1609: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1465: 1461: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1446:– an ancient 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1428:first cousins 1425: 1421: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1258: 1250: 1245: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1209: 1203: 1195: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1064: 1059: 1052: 1050: 1048: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 977: 974: 970: 966: 962: 957: 955: 951: 947: 943: 938: 935: 931: 927: 922: 920: 916: 911: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 872: 870: 864: 856: 854: 852: 848: 844: 840: 834: 832: 828: 820: 815: 813: 811: 807: 803: 798: 796: 792: 788: 785:According to 783: 781: 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 728: 724: 716: 714: 711: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 684: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 648: 644: 640: 632: 630: 626: 624: 620: 616: 608: 603: 599: 594: 590: 588: 584: 580: 576: 573:, launched a 572: 568: 564: 559: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 536: 534: 528: 526: 519: 518:Serer history 511: 509: 505: 501: 499: 495: 487: 483: 480: 476: 472: 469: 465: 462: 458: 454: 450: 449: 448: 446: 437: 430: 428: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 366: 363: 360: 359: 358: 356: 352: 348: 344: 339: 337: 333: 329: 325: 320: 318: 314: 310: 302: 301:Peuple Sérère 297: 290: 285: 282: 280: 276: 272: 271: 270: 264: 262: 260: 256: 252: 247: 245: 241: 236: 234: 229: 228:Senegal River 224: 222: 219:and southern 218: 214: 211: 207: 203: 199: 198: 193: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 163: 160: 158: 152: 148: 143: 138: 130: 126: 122: 118: 113: 109: 106: 93: 89: 86: 73: 69: 67: 55: 50: 45: 40: 33: 28: 19: 5758:Serer people 5721: 5550: 5390: 5254:Wolof people 5183:Maad a Sinig 5135:royal titles 5082:royal houses 4974: 4856:Lehar/Laalaa 4799:Demographics 4724:Amar Godomat 4657:Sacred sites 4437: 4347: 4333: 4319: 4302: 4295: 4288: 4281: 4276: 4269: 4265: 4258: 4233: 4219: 4205: 4191: 4184: 4178: 4163: 4149: 4142: 4135: 4118: 4111: 4104: 4093: 4083: 4069: 4055: 4049:Bibliography 4036: 4028: 4019: 4011: 4006: 3997: 3971: 3958: 3951: 3947: 3942: 3933: 3924: 3910: 3903:(in English) 3889: 3874: 3870: 3865: 3856: 3847: 3836: 3825: 3807: 3791: 3770: 3754: 3735: 3726: 3706: 3699: 3679: 3672: 3652: 3645: 3626: 3621: 3613: 3608: 3588: 3558: 3528: 3498: 3491: 3483: 3475: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3446: 3438: 3422: 3417: 3402: 3397: 3382: 3377: 3362: 3357: 3337: 3330: 3315: 3310: 3302: 3297: 3289: 3284: 3276: 3271: 3254: 3246: 3241: 3226: 3218: 3203: 3198: 3171: 3155: 3150: 3141: 3130: 3118: 3113: 3105: 3104:Dawda Faal. 3100: 3085: 3080: 3061: 3055: 3043: 3035: 3030: 3019: 3014: 3005: 2996: 2981: 2961: 2943: 2916: 2895: 2865: 2861: 2832: 2825: 2817: 2800: 2770: 2752: 2736: 2706: 2671: 2667: 2660: 2639: 2635: 2617: 2601: 2578: 2562: 2553: 2528: 2496: 2478: 2457: 2445: 2426: 2421: 2406: 2398: 2378: 2356:. Retrieved 2344: 2267: 2214: 2206: 2201:Kaddu Beykat 2199: 2193: 2192: 2187: 2168: 2167: 2151: 2150: 2126:Moussa N'Daw 2090:Ismaïla Sarr 2072:Robert Diouf 2036:Alioune Sarr 1935:(var : 1880:(var : 1812: 1510: 1508:of Senegal. 1467: 1443: 1439: 1431: 1423: 1417: 1400: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1364: 1363:(var : 1360: 1354: 1340: 1336: 1314: 1296: 1287:who was the 1269: 1265: 1255: 1253: 1218:Wolof people 1211: 1205: 1201: 1182:circumcision 1169: 1165: 1157: 1140: 1136: 1131: 1101: 1093: 1067: 1044: 1038: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1013: 1009:Maad a Sinig 1004: 993:Maad a Sinig 988: 984: 980: 978: 968: 964: 960: 958: 953: 949: 941: 939: 923: 912: 892:Alioune Sarr 873: 866: 835: 824: 799: 791:Wolof people 784: 777: 744: 740: 739:(var : 732: 730: 712: 708:Ghana Empire 692:Naari Kajoor 691: 685: 650: 627: 612: 579:Amar Godomat 563:Ghana Empire 560: 556:Diola people 548:Wolofization 544:Islamization 537: 529: 521: 507: 503: 497: 491: 467: 456: 442: 413:Serer-Laalaa 401:Serer-Safene 392: 380: 370: 340: 321: 306: 300: 278: 274: 268: 248: 237: 225: 210:West African 205: 201: 197:Serer proper 195: 192:Serer people 191: 189: 183:Lebou people 171:Wolof people 156: 151:Christianity 21:Ethnic group 18: 5244:Lebu people 5239:Jola people 5203:Sene family 5198:Sarr family 5193:Njie family 5188:Ngum family 5178:Maad Saloum 5153:Joof family 5148:Faye family 5100:Joof family 5090:Faye family 4916:Inheritance 4677:Sine-Saloum 4637:Kumba Njaay 4619:Roog (main) 4234:West Africa 3977:(in French) 3963:(in French) 3907:Senegambian 3885:(in French) 3456:Senegambian 3020:Éthiopiques 2663:sereer ndut 2358:29 December 2131:Lamine Ndao 2096:Malang Sarr 2060:M'Baye Leye 2000:Fatou Diome 1956:Abdou Diouf 1805:Faye family 1801:Joof family 1668:Thiès area. 1600:Tambacounda 1474:Sine-Saloum 1420:Senegambian 1405:Jola people 1397:Toucouleurs 1357:West Africa 1333:grave goods 1153:Senegambian 997:Maad Saloum 851:occupations 843:agriculture 831:pastoralist 787:James Olson 673:Joof family 409:Serer-Palor 336:Tambacounda 233:transhumant 175:Jola people 5752:Categories 5732:Toucouleur 5438:Toucouleur 4821:Mauritania 4692:Tattaguine 4672:Sine River 4505:Key topics 4355:fr:Sérères 4342:B007HFNIHS 4261:. Page 224 2990:B007HFNIHS 2680:2865374874 2587:2738451969 2084:Khaby Lame 2024:Laïty Kama 1988:Macky Sall 1982:– current 1799:See also: 1786:Mauritania 1782:the Gambia 1776:Mauritania 1772:the Gambia 1515:, such as 1506:curriculum 1450:ceremony. 1448:divination 1321:Mauritania 1274:progenitor 1186:Senegalese 1158:"mbapatte" 1092:is called 1047:Serer-Noon 930:Senegambia 900:Maysa Wali 861:See also: 821:Occupation 810:Tijaniyyah 771:; and the 733:a ƭat Roog 655:, such as 589:to Islam. 587:Senegambia 571:Almoravids 561:After the 546:and later 492:Professor 473:From "the 425:Senegalese 397:Serer-Ndut 389:Serer-Noon 385:Serer-Sine 383:(Serer or 355:The Gambia 317:The Gambia 221:Mauritania 157:a ƭat Roog 105:Mauritania 5356:Karoninka 4841:Languages 4807:By region 4574:Symbolism 4534:Festivals 4529:Criticism 4105:"Senegal" 3912:The Point 2890:162509491 2006:Safi Faye 1884:) or Jein 1488:, and in 1359:known as 1278:rap music 1238:genealogy 956:) asset. 950:ƭeen yaay 928:found in 876:Guelowars 812:Tariqas. 782:beliefs. 769:cosmology 757:astronomy 596:Kings of 552:Almoravid 468:seer reer 115:Languages 5712:Reguibat 5707:Mandinka 5697:Jakhanke 5692:Imraguen 5667:Bedouins 5566:Niominka 5546:Mankanya 5536:Mandinka 5526:Jakhanke 5406:Niominka 5381:Mankanya 5371:Mandinka 5361:Konyagui 5346:Jakhanke 5131:Families 5095:Guelowar 4921:Marriage 4702:Yaboyabo 4604:Kokh Kox 4569:Saltigue 4559:Religion 4497:Religion 4467:Niominka 4371:Archived 3987:Archived 3915:, (2010) 3894:Archived 3385:, 2003. 2946:(2015) 2923:Archived 2672:den yaay 2433:(2006), 2349:Archived 2142:See also 1636:38,600 ( 1573:(Laalaa) 1482:Diourbel 1341:Bissit's 1329:vultures 1301:Baay Bia 1297:Tassukat 1190:Gambians 1106:calabash 1086:couscous 839:land law 795:Mandinka 765:medicine 717:Religion 600: : 583:Marabout 533:Mandinka 431:Ethnonym 208:) are a 140:Religion 5727:Soninke 5717:Sahrawi 5687:Haratin 5672:Berbers 5588:Soninke 5516:Biafada 5511:Bassari 5506:Balanta 5428:Soninke 5331:Biafada 5321:Bassari 5316:Balanta 5163:Lingeer 4980:Lamanes 4961:Royalty 4894:Culture 4826:Senegal 4716:History 4647:Tiurakh 4554:Pangool 4544:Junjung 4539:Jaaniiw 4447:Peoples 4138:. 1997 3952:gamahou 3948:gamohou 3871:Jambooñ 3653:Senegal 3158:(1969). 3036:Ufahamu 2546:Tukulor 2497:Senegal 2450:Senegal 2429:p. 62, 2208:Mossane 2169:Senegal 1974:Al Njie 1893:Senghor 1874:or Ndao 1855:N'Diaye 1834:or Ngum 1638:Senegal 1529:lexical 1478:Kaolack 1385:kucarla 1234:history 1192:alike. 1137:"Laamb" 1135:called 1104:(a big 1102:"Gamba" 1072:in the 1053:Culture 1031:Pangool 1023:Jaaniiw 985:jambuur 954:kucarla 816:Society 806:Mouride 749:pangool 681:Wagadou 512:History 484:From a 353:and in 309:Senegal 275:Seereer 202:Seereer 66:Senegal 25:Seereer 5662:Bafour 5556:Laalaa 5541:Manjak 5501:Bainuk 5396:Laalaa 5376:Manjak 5326:Bedick 5311:Bainuk 5213:Thilas 5208:Teigne 5158:Lamane 4926:Mbalax 4851:Cangin 4816:Gambia 4734:Khasso 4667:Fatick 4642:Takhar 4549:Lamane 4457:Laalaa 4440:topics 4340: 4326: 4309: 4248: 4240: 4226: 4212: 4198: 4170: 4156: 4125: 4100:(1972) 4096:. 2010 4076: 4062: 3875:Agaire 3815: 3799: 3762: 3746: 3714: 3687: 3660: 3637: 3596: 3566: 3536: 3506: 3409: 3389: 3369: 3345: 3322: 3266:(1969) 3233: 3210: 3178: 3092: 3068: 2988: 2896:Quote: 2888: 2882:182616 2880: 2840: 2808: 2778: 2714: 2678: 2604:(1873) 2585: 2559:UNESCO 2536: 2504: 2437: 2386: 2268: 1906:Ndione 1851:or Jon 1844:Diagne 1807:, and 1768:Saloum 1490:Gambia 1444:gamohu 1436:tribes 1432:"gamo" 1389:Maasir 1365:Massir 1361:Maasir 1337:Bissit 1270:Tassou 1264:) and 1262:Mbalax 1162:Yékini 1090:attire 1082:cereal 989:jaraff 981:jambur 969:jambur 965:jambur 961:tyeddo 908:Saloum 869:castes 675:, the 645:, and 619:Saloum 525:Pulaar 486:Pulaar 475:Arabic 377:Saloum 351:Saloum 338:area. 279:Sereer 259:castes 251:Sufism 217:Gambia 206:Sereer 181:, and 102: 85:Gambia 82: 63: 5737:Wolof 5722:Serer 5702:Kunta 5593:Wolof 5581:Saafi 5576:Palor 5551:Serer 5443:Wolof 5421:Saafi 5416:Palor 5391:Serer 5386:Papel 5336:Dyula 5143:Buumi 4977:) and 4971:Kings 4946:Tassu 4936:Sabar 4931:Njuup 4911:Death 4901:Birth 4881:Serer 4876:Safen 4871:Palor 4697:Tukar 4579:Women 4564:Sadax 4482:Saafi 4477:Palor 4438:Serer 3966:9–10) 3365:p11. 2968:2010) 2886:S2CID 2878:JSTOR 2818:Serer 2352:(PDF) 2341:(PDF) 2277:Notes 2194:Films 1929:Dièye 1909:Gadio 1898:Ndour 1888:Thiaw 1882:Diène 1878:Diene 1849:Dione 1822:Diouf 1596:Thies 1521:Saafi 1486:Dakar 1424:"kal" 1418:Many 1393:Kalir 1381:kalir 1375:) or 1367:) in 1345:clown 1319:from 1317:Moors 1289:griot 1266:Tassu 1257:Njuup 1230:motif 1214:Sabar 1196:Music 1170:sabar 1166:Lamba 1145:Serer 1126:Dakar 1098:woven 1001:buumi 946:Serer 915:Wolof 880:Kaabu 700:Diouf 688:Cayor 665:Cayor 661:Waalo 657:Jolof 621:were 575:jihad 498:Serer 461:Islam 455:word 453:Wolof 419:or a 417:Serer 328:Cayor 324:Thiès 313:Dakar 149:, 9% 147:Islam 129:Wolof 121:Serer 110:5,700 5682:Fula 5571:Noon 5561:Ndut 5531:Jola 5521:Fula 5433:Susu 5411:Noon 5401:Ndut 5366:Lebu 5351:Jola 5341:Fula 5173:Maad 5168:Loul 4975:Maad 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