708:. Four players are dealt 9 cards each in packets of 3, the lowest card being turned for trumps. The aim is to take the fewest points. However, the Swiss point system is used, making 157 points in all. By exception, a player who takes all tricks wins, and the others receive 157 points each. Rules of play are as in Hindersche, except that undertrumping is only permitted if the led suit is not held. The players with the two lowest scores after four games are each given a mark; the players with the two highest scores receive a minus mark. The winner is the player with the most marks after an agreed number of
40:
31:
551:
2379:
260:
670:) ends when there are 4 marks on the frame. Usually those who have marks on the frame pay 5 € per mark to the rest. For example, if A has 3 marks, B has 1 and C and D have none; A pays 15 € to each opponent, while B pays 5 € to each opponent. Thus A loses 40 €, B breaks even, and C and D win € 20 each. A rubber typically takes 1 to 1½ hours.
229:
In recent years, Hindersche tournaments have been held, for example, at
Schapbach in the Wolf valley. Since 2003, Schapbach has hosted the Hindersche World Championships. The first 'world champion' was Freddy Heizmann from Schapbach. In 2015, Martin Thörmer, became the Hindersche World Champion in a
250:
A rubber comprises four games each of two halves or rounds. To win the rubber, alone or jointly, a player must not lose a game. Within each game, the aim is to be the first to have erased any penalty points accumulated in the first round. Each round comprises a number of deals; in each deal the aim
241:
Hindersche is a
Swabian dialect word for "backwards" and refers to the fact that the aim of the game is to avoid scoring points which is the reverse of the normal aim in card games. Vier-Strich or 4-Strich means "four marks" or "four lines" and refers to the method of recording the score with marks
530:
At the end of each deal, each player's score is reckoned by counting up the number of card points in tricks taken by that player. There are 140 points in total which acts as a check. A slate is used for scoring, each player being allocated a separate corner of the slate for recording his or her
648:
If the result cannot be determined because two players have tied, there is a separate play-off to decide it. For example, if there are three players and A and B tie for lowest score, C adds a mark and sits out while A and B hold a play-off, the winner of which erases a mark. The player with
230:
competition at
Schapbach in the festival hall. He was succeeded in 2016 by Emma Hoferer of Schapbach, Benjamin Heitzmann from Oberwolfach in 2018 and in 2019 by Bernd Dieterle. To become the world champion in Hindersche requires skill, experience and a bit of luck. The player who wins the
611:
Whenever there are excess marks on the slate, they are erased in the next deal to get down to 4 marks. So if there are 5 marks, 1 mark is erased by the player with the lowest score; if there are 6 marks, the players with the two lowest scores each erase 1 mark. No one adds any
279:
may also be used by removing the 2s, 3s, 4s, 5s and Jokers. Cards rank in their natural order - A > K > Q > J > 10 > 9 > 8 > 7 > 6 - except that there are two top trumps. The trump Jack is the highest card in the game and known as "the Old Man"
193:
Little is known about the origins of
Hindersche, but the facts that it is played anticlockwise, that the Ten ranks low and that it still uses 36 cards all suggest considerable age. It was a game that was mainly played by farmers, foresters and journeymen in the former
617:
Whenever there are 4 marks on the slate, the player with the fewest points erases 1 mark, while the player with the most points 'receives' the mark erased by the winner, adding it to the slate. Thus there are always 4 marks on the slate at this
492:. The dealer deals nine cards to each player in packets of three and turns the last for trump. When only two or three players are left in the game, the unused cards are stacked face down on the table and the top card turned for trump.
633:
As players clean all their marks off, they drop out until there is one left as the loser who is penalised with a single chalk mark on the frame of the slate, regardless of how many marks that person has left on the slate
607:("cleaning"). Marks are usually erased with a small damp sponge or cleaning cloth. The player with the highest score adds a mark to his corner of the slate, except in certain situations. The procedure is as follows:
643:, a 'march' is achieved either by 'making 100' or by taking all 9 tricks. A player who makes a march erases 2 marks and, unless the slate already has more than 4 marks, the opponents each add 1 to their tally.
686:
may go through accidentally if it is a high value trick, because the player who legally should have picked it up may be content for the wrong person to collect it. Equally, someone may deliberate
603:
The second round begins as soon as there are 4 or more marks on the slate. The game is played as before, except that the player who scores the fewest card points erases 1 mark, hence the name
511:
or play a trump. If unable to follow suit, a player may either trump or discard. The trick is won by the highest card of the led suit if no trumps are played, otherwise by the highest trump.
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514:
A player may accidentally or deliberately pick up a trick that has legally been won by another player as long as no-one objects before a card is led to the next trick. This is known as a
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is either to score as few card points as possible or, with the right cards and skilful play, to score at least 100 points (called "making a hundred"). There are no partnerships.
879:
554:
Scoring slate in
Hindersche. The player at the bottom right has already lost the first game of the rubber. There are more than four marks because one player has "made a 100".
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893:
206:. Its rules were handed down orally from generation to generation. The earliest known written record is 1933 article about a Hindersche tournament held in the town of
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Normally the first round ends with 4 marks on the slate; if there are more, because someone has 'made 100' in the third or fourth deal, there will be excess marks (
484:
Deal and play are anticlockwise. The first dealer is determined either by lots (lowest card) or is the newest player to join the session. The dealer
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In the rare event that there are 3 marks on the frame and a player receives a double mark in the fourth game, there will, of course, be 5 marks.
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Whenever there are 3 marks on the slate, the player with the most card points in the next deal adds 1 mark to bring the total up to 4.
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and leads to the first trick, after the player to the left has dealt. Once the play-off is settled, play picks up where it left off.
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high-scoring cards so that they count towards an opponent or to retain them to prevent an opponent scoring over 100 points. A
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refers to the fact that the round ends as soon as four or more marks are chalked up. The procedure is as follows:
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with proceeds going towards the funds of the local gymnastics team to enable them to participate at a festival in
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When only two players remain, marks are erased by the winner of a deal, but no marks are added by the loser.
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In effect, the dealer's last packet only contains two cards because the dealer picks up the trump turn-up.
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If two players tie for most points, they hold a play-off between themselves and the loser adds a mark.
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214:. Today, it is only known in a few villages in the Schapbach area. It is particularly popular in the
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Eaton, Paul (2022). "Playing the Game
Backwards: Hindersche – a game from the Black Forest" in
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581:), also called 'making 100'. When this happens, the three opponents notch up 1 mark apiece.
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A player who scores at least 100 points, intentionally or otherwise, has won a 'march' (
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that covered what is now the southwestern part of the Black Forest and the region of
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1993:
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503:(to the right of the dealer) leads to the first trick. A player with a card of the
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pack as a standard Piquet or French-suited Skat pack only has 32 cards. However, a
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In almost all Ace-Ten games, the Ten is promoted to rank between the Ace and King.
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Undertrumping or underplaying is allowed and players should seek opportunities to
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562:. The first round consists of up to four deals in which the player with the most
238:("Onion King", an 'onion' being a large dot drawn to represent a penalty point).
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989:
592:). A player with a clean slate goes out and takes no part in the second half.
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712:. There is also a variant for three. Key differences are that there is no
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Note: there can never be 2 marks unless the game is down to two players.
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947:, a compendium of sayings from Upper Swabia. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
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Beim »Hindersche« gewinnt, wer die wenigsten »Augen« sticht
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in each deal scores a penalty point recorded as a mark on the slate.
199:
574:
The player who scores the most card points is penalized with 1 mark.
181:
region of
Germany. The game includes the unique feature – known as
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716:, no dropping out and the scoring system is quite different.
292:
is the second-highest card and is known as "the Little Man" (
267:
Hindersche is played by four players using the 36 cards of a
926:
a language course in
Vorarlberg. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
317:
853:
Bernd
Dieterle gewinnt auch die Hindersche-WM in Schapbach
1059:
Bad
Rippoldsau-Schapbach im Schwarzwald - Rules (German).
912:
at www.schwarzwaelder-bote.de. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
898:
at www.schwarzwaelder-bote.de. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
539:) which are chalked as diagonal lines across the corner.
884:
at www.schwarzwaelder-bote.de. Retrieved 26 January 2019
704:
Similar in concept to Hindersche is the Swiss game of
488:
the pack and offers it to the player on the left for
2337:
2254:
1978:
1897:
1635:
1508:
1105:
690:because they want the trick, hoping to 'make 100'.
141:
133:
125:
117:
106:
98:
90:
80:
72:
58:
234:by amassing the most penalty points is called the
1078:
806:at www.uschoch.de. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
8:
909:Hindersche-Weltmeister kommt aus Oberwolfach
750:This is Swabian. In High German the word is
300:). For example, if Diamonds are trumps, the
18:
870:at baden online. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
835:at baden online. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
1085:
1071:
1063:
1021:, Vol. 51, No. 3. ed. by Peter Endebrock.
476:The following rules are based on Schoch:
263:Typical Jass/Tapp pack used for Hindersche
867:Ein Strich auf der Tafel war schon zuviel
847:
845:
843:
841:
826:
824:
320:
995:Bad Rippoldsau-Schapbach im Schwarzwald.
856:at www.bo.de. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
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391:
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725:
468:Thus there are 140 points in the pack.
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17:
315:with the points counting as follows:
160:
7:
961:, p. 122. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
958:Stadtlexikon Leinfelder-Echterdingen
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
558:The game is played in two halves or
177:genre, that is still played in the
881:Geschmiert, geschleift und gebutzt
14:
937:Etz isch noch go gnuag Hai hunta!
2378:
2377:
301:
218:valley as well as villages like
50:
38:
29:
305:
304:J is the highest card and the
49:The Old Man and Little Man if
1:
271:pack. Players usually use a
2407:Tarot and Tarock card games
2398:Non trick-taking card games
531:penalty points as 'marks' (
196:Principality of Fürstenberg
2467:
1056:im Hindersche: Spielregeln
993:im Hindersche: Spielregeln
697:
2373:
1004:Müller (2016), pp. 86–87.
700:Jass § Hindersi-Jass
417:
322:Hierarchy and card-points
308:J is the second highest.
146:
23:
1479:Twenty-five (Spoil Five)
943:28 February 2019 at the
2431:19th-century card games
1094:Trick-taking card games
2446:French deck card games
2441:Four-player card games
895:Altüberliefertes Spiel
555:
264:
2389:Historical card games
1986:(except where stated)
1113:(except where stated)
1053:Schoch, Uwe (2014).
1032:Müller, Dani (2016).
553:
277:standard 52-card pack
262:
803:Regelm im Hindersche
2143:Officers' Schafkopf
990:Schoch, Uwe (2014).
651:positional priority
639:Making 100. During
288:); the Jack in the
20:
2339:Swiss German packs
2023:Bohemian Schneider
1970:Württemberg Tarock
1034:Stöck, Wys, Stich.
556:
265:
162:[ˈhɪntɐʃə]
121:A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6
2436:German card games
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2417:
2231:Wendish Schafkopf
2178:Russian Schnapsen
1987:
1903:
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1042:978-3-03781-091-0
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73:Alternative names
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1983:
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1019:The Playing-Card
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818:, 12 April 1933.
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165:, also known as
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137:1–1½ hrs/rubber
118:Rank (high→low)
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253:
247:
244:
190:
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149:
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144:
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139:
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135:
131:
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127:
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119:
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108:
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96:
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56:
55:
48:
37:
36:
28:
27:
26:
25:
24:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2463:
2452:
2451:Reverse games
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2384:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2359:Hindersi-Jass
2356:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
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2312:
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2307:
2305:
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2300:
2297:
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2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:Unteransetzen
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:Rosbiratschka
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2118:Lusti-Kartl'n
2116:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
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2070:
2068:
2065:
2062:
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2057:
2054:
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2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1965:
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1956:
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1948:
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1939:
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1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
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1911:
1908:
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1896:
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1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1849:Slobberhannes
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
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1797:
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1790:
1787:
1785:
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1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1764:Letzter Stich
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
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1583:
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1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1557:Catch the ten
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
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1507:
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1497:
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1469:
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1455:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1426:(Danish) (20)
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
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1387:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
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1360:
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1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1309:Konter a Matt
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
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1272:
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1267:
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1262:
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1223:
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1200:
1198:
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1190:
1188:
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1177:
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1128:
1125:
1122:
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1108:
1104:
1099:
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1088:
1083:
1081:
1076:
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1069:
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1065:
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1052:
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1047:
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1035:
1031:
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1024:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1001:
998:
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991:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
964:
960:
959:
953:
950:
946:
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938:
932:
929:
925:
924:
918:
915:
911:
910:
904:
901:
897:
896:
890:
887:
883:
882:
876:
873:
869:
868:
862:
859:
855:
854:
848:
846:
844:
842:
838:
834:
833:
827:
825:
821:
817:
812:
809:
805:
804:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
786:
779:
769:
766:
760:
757:
753:
747:
744:
738:
735:
729:
726:
719:
717:
715:
711:
707:
706:Hindersi-Jass
701:
694:Hindersi-Jass
693:
691:
689:
685:
681:
673:
671:
669:
661:
656:
652:
647:
646:
642:
638:
637:
632:
631:
627:
626:
622:
621:
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615:
610:
609:
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595:
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583:
580:
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573:
572:
571:
569:
565:
561:
552:
546:
542:
540:
538:
534:
525:
523:
521:
517:
512:
510:
507:, may either
506:
502:
495:
493:
491:
487:
479:
477:
471:
469:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
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442:
439:
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434:
432:
429:
427:
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422:
419:
414:
413:
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400:
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388:
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341:
337:
335:
334:
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327:
326:
323:
319:
316:
314:
309:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
274:
270:
269:French-suited
261:
254:
252:
245:
243:
239:
237:
233:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
188:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
159:
155:
145:
142:Related games
140:
136:
132:
129:Anticlockwise
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
64:
61:
57:
41:
32:
22:
16:
2410:}}
2404:{{
2401:}}
2395:{{
2392:}}
2386:{{
2355:Schieberjass
2294:Calabresella
1994:Bauernfangen
1980:German packs
1936:Haferltarock
1910:Bauerntarock
1899:German packs
1879:Twenty-eight
1834:Siebenschräm
1637:French packs
1597:Six-bid solo
1571:
1510:French packs
1484:Two-ten-jack
1474:Turkish King
1274:German whist
1269:French whist
1107:French packs
1055:
1033:
1029:pp. 109–115.
1018:
1000:
992:
957:
952:
936:
931:
923:Red' ghörig!
922:
917:
908:
903:
894:
889:
880:
875:
866:
861:
852:
831:
815:
811:
802:
768:
759:
751:
746:
737:
728:
713:
709:
705:
703:
687:
683:
677:
667:
666:The rubber (
665:
640:
604:
602:
597:
589:
587:
578:
567:
557:
544:
536:
535:, singular:
532:
529:
519:
515:
513:
499:
483:
475:
467:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:Plain suits
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
355:
350:
345:
339:
338:
332:
331:
321:
310:
297:
293:
285:
281:
266:
249:
242:on a slate.
240:
235:
232:wooden spoon
228:
220:Schenkenzell
192:
182:
179:Black Forest
166:
157:
153:
152:
134:Playing time
63:Black Forest
15:
2365:Kaiserspiel
2319:Truc y Flou
2246:Zehnerlegen
2128:Matzlfangen
2072:German Solo
1659:Bassadewitz
1592:Scharwenzel
1430:Skærvindsel
1419:Sixty-three
1399:Ristikontra
1347:Ninety-nine
1264:Forty-fives
1249:Court piece
1192:Black Maria
590:Überzählige
579:Durchmarsch
568:Vier-Strich
564:card points
545:Vier-Strich
509:follow suit
328:Trump suit
236:Bollenkönig
111:French pack
2425:Categories
2216:Trischettn
2097:Kein Stich
2038:Doppelkopf
1953:Mulatschak
1884:Zwanzig ab
1829:Sheepshead
1814:Préférence
1602:Svängknack
1582:Marjapussi
1572:Hindersche
1446:Spoil Five
1289:Hucklebuck
1187:Black lady
1012:Literature
780:References
714:schleipfen
688:schleipfen
520:schleipfen
496:Trick play
298:der Kleine
183:schleipfen
158:Hintersche
154:Hindersche
76:Hintersche
53:are trumps
19:Hindersche
2309:Tressette
2279:Botifarra
2221:Wallachen
2205:Sixty-six
2189:Schnapsen
2184:Schafkopf
2158:Ramscheln
2148:Quodlibet
2133:Mauscheln
2082:Grasobern
1964:Schnalzen
1958:Perlaggen
1824:Schwimmen
1809:Preferans
1754:Klaverjas
1734:Herzblatt
1729:Fünf dazu
1684:Bierlachs
1664:Bauerchen
1451:Stýrivolt
1332:Lanterloo
1294:Kachufool
1176:Bid whist
1155:All fours
1027:1752-671X
720:Footnotes
684:Schleipfe
516:Schleipfe
290:next suit
273:Jass/Tapp
224:Kaltbrunn
212:Stuttgart
208:Schapbach
173:, of the
171:card game
2383:Category
2289:Briscola
2211:Sticheln
2033:Bolachen
2006:Bierkopf
1984:32 cards
1926:Brusbart
1902:36 cards
1804:Polignac
1789:Oma Skat
1779:Mistigri
1774:Marjolet
1749:Klammern
1689:Brandeln
1641:32 cards
1622:Viersche
1612:Tarabish
1587:Rutersju
1514:36 cards
1414:Sheng ji
1404:Rödskägg
1383:Polskpas
1367:Pinochle
1342:Napoleon
1326:Knüffeln
1321:Köpknack
1279:Gong Zhu
1254:Cucumber
1111:52 cards
941:Archived
655:forehand
653:becomes
505:led suit
501:Forehand
486:shuffles
294:de kloei
286:der Alte
167:4-Strich
147:Viersche
2351:Chratze
2269:Aluette
2260:Spanish
2256:Italian
2200:Sedmice
2102:Lampeln
2087:Herzeln
2018:Blattla
2012:Binokel
1947:Kratzen
1889:Zwicken
1854:Solo 66
1794:Pilotta
1769:Manille
1759:Letzter
1704:Coinche
1699:Chouine
1679:Bezique
1627:Voormsi
1617:Trekort
1499:Zwikken
1463:Tarneeb
1357:Oh hell
1337:Mizerka
1259:Femkort
1232:Clabber
710:parties
674:Tactics
662:Winning
634:itself.
533:Striche
526:Scoring
490:cutting
389:Points
189:History
91:Players
67:Germany
2304:Julepe
2284:Brisca
2274:Bestia
2226:Watten
2173:Rumpel
2163:Ramsen
2153:Ramsch
2138:Mucken
2123:Mariáš
2112:Lupfen
2092:Herzla
2077:Gilten
2063:(2x24)
2061:Gaigel
2056:Elfern
2040:(2x24)
2014:(2x24)
1941:Jaggln
1920:Bieten
1874:Tuppen
1869:Toepen
1864:Tippen
1799:Piquet
1739:Kaiser
1724:Fipsen
1719:Euchre
1709:Écarté
1674:Belote
1654:Baloot
1468:Thunee
1441:Spades
1409:Shelem
1389:Priffe
1369:(2x24)
1284:Hearts
1243:Chlust
1217:Bridge
1212:Bourré
1207:Boston
1202:Bonken
1040:
1025:
752:putzen
641:Butzen
618:stage.
612:marks.
605:Butzen
598:Butzen
560:rounds
537:Strich
518:or as
282:de alt
200:Swabia
113:(Tapp)
59:Origin
2324:Truco
2262:packs
2195:Sedma
2107:Lorum
2044:Dreeg
1931:Dobbm
1839:Sjavs
1714:Enflé
1694:Bruus
1577:Knack
1547:Bruus
1532:Bräus
1522:Agram
1494:Whist
1457:Sueca
1436:Smear
1424:Sjavs
1373:Pitch
1362:Pedro
1227:Cinch
1197:Bluke
1181:Bisca
1170:Baśka
1165:Barbu
1127:3-5-8
1121:3-2-5
680:smear
668:Runde
472:Rules
340:Kloei
255:Cards
99:Cards
2347:Jass
2329:Tute
2314:Truc
2299:Gilé
2236:Ulti
2207:(24)
2191:(20)
2180:(24)
2114:(20)
2052:(20)
2046:(24)
2008:(20)
2002:(20)
1996:(20)
1966:(33)
1960:(33)
1949:(33)
1943:(33)
1922:(33)
1844:Skat
1819:Rams
1607:Tapp
1567:Frog
1562:Dapp
1552:Bura
1542:Brús
1537:Brus
1527:Bête
1501:(20)
1489:Vira
1470:(24)
1459:(40)
1453:(48)
1432:(28)
1385:(24)
1378:Phat
1328:(48)
1317:(16)
1311:(24)
1299:King
1245:(20)
1238:Clag
1234:(24)
1183:(40)
1172:(16)
1151:(24)
1149:1001
1145:(24)
1143:1000
1139:(43)
1123:(30)
1098:list
1038:ISBN
1023:ISSN
480:Deal
222:and
216:Wolf
204:Baar
126:Play
107:Deck
81:Type
2258:or
1649:304
1394:Put
1315:Kop
1137:500
1132:400
436:(J)
333:Alt
246:Aim
226:.
156:or
2427::
2357:,
2353:,
966:^
840:^
823:^
788:^
522:.
441:10
410:–
407:10
395:11
392:12
363:10
296:,
284:,
102:36
65:,
2361:)
2349:(
1100:)
1096:(
1086:e
1079:t
1072:v
754:.
461:6
456:7
451:8
446:9
431:Q
426:K
421:A
404:2
401:3
398:4
383:6
378:7
373:8
368:9
356:Q
351:K
346:A
306:♥
302:♦
280:(
94:4
51:♦
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
