374:
156:
976:; these are otherwise regarded as dialects of Hindi by the government, although they have varying levels of mutual intelligibility with standard Hindi. Some academics oppose inclusion of Hindi dialects in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution as full-fledged Indian languages. According to them recognition of Hindi dialects as separate languages would deprive Hindi of millions of its speakers and eventually no Hindi will be left.
1134:
1073:
990:
523:
38:
172:
593:
being reported to be speakers of Hindi, though Hindi-area respondents vary as to whether they call their language Hindi or the actual name of their language. As defined in the 1991 census, Hindi has a broad and a narrow sense. The term "Hindi" is thus ambiguous. Before being identified as a separate
928:
to be "Hindi", however, including other languages considered by the census as Hindi, this figure becomes 422 million Hindi speakers (41% of the population). These figures do not count 52 million
Indians who considered their mother tongue to be "Urdu", which is mutually intelligible with Hindi.
1144:
The highly fertile, flat, alluvial
Gangetic plain occupies the northern portion of the Hindi Heartland, the Vindhyas in Madhya Pradesh demarcate the southern boundary and the hills and dense forests of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh lie in the east. The region has a predominantly subtropical climate,
1058:
is the most commonly spoken Hindi dialect. Once widely spoken as a mother tongue at 31.7% in 1972, it has become less commonly spoken over the years. According to the 2022 census, Bhojpuri was the most commonly spoken language at home for only 5.1% of the population, though the per cent of the
929:
The numbers are also not directly comparable to the table above; for example, while independent estimates in 2001 counted 37 million speakers of Awadhi, in the 2001 census only 2½ million of these identified their language as "Awadhi" rather than as "Hindi".
1145:
with cool winters, hot summers and moderate monsoons. The climate does vary with latitude somewhat, with winters getting cooler and rainfall decreasing. It can vary significantly with altitude, especially in
Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.
1365:
Some languages may be over- or underrepresented as the census data used is at the state-level. For example, while Urdu has 52 million speakers (2001), in no state is it a majority as the language itself is primarily limited to Indian
1840:
1148:
The Hindi
Heartland supports about a third of India's population and occupies about a quarter of its geographical area. The population is concentrated along the fertile Ganges plain in the states of
1897:
155:
1260:
1401:
1746:
1387:
2432:
1223:. The region hosts a diverse population, with various dialects of Hindi being spoken along with other Indian languages, and multi-religious population including
1965:
1868:
1822:
4265:
973:
1804:
1523:
Origins of printing and publishing in the Hindi heartland (Volume 3 of
History of printing and publishing in India : a story of cultural re-awakening)
681:. The varieties of this belt are usually considered separate languages, as opposed to dialects of a single language as considered by the Indian census.
582:
that lies within the cultural Hindi Belt in the northern plains of India. Hindi in this broad sense is a sociolinguistic rather than an ethnic concept.
1546:
2050:
1585:
4512:
1342:
1319:
614:
2289:
610:
1991:
2284:
2425:
2279:
739:
2020:
1426:
3958:
1675:
1531:
1499:
1469:
1299:
1120:
1029:
606:
562:
121:
4258:
2327:
2304:
2011:
4461:
4431:
4416:
2831:
2394:
1098:
1011:
544:
59:
1624:
1599:
3610:
2648:
2418:
1695:
413:
3581:
102:
4376:
3401:
3247:
2567:
2399:
1754:
1264:
1256:
685:
602:
425:
421:
417:
4144:
74:
4517:
4251:
4112:
3968:
1094:
1007:
704:
540:
55:
2299:
1785:
4451:
3678:
2389:
2043:
1059:
population fluent in the language is likely still around 36.7%, according to Anjani Murdan of the
Mauritius Times.
3115:
81:
4371:
4117:
3818:
3792:
3231:
1898:"Is the Bhojpuri language spoken by only 5.3% of the Mauritian population, as stated by the 2011 Census report?"
1667:
Urdu/Hindi: An
Artificial Divide: African Heritage, Mesopotamian Roots, Indian Culture & Britiah Colonialism
4013:
2777:
2107:
1330:
1083:
630:
1665:
1567:
2343:
1309:
1288:
1102:
1087:
1000:
800:
763:
533:
88:
48:
1432:. Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Archived from
452:
The term "Hindi belt" is sometimes also used to refer to the nine Indian states whose official language is
4391:
4221:
4090:
3366:
3160:
2987:
2515:
2348:
2215:
1252:
812:
1721:
4507:
4274:
3891:
3704:
3190:
3155:
3150:
2982:
2495:
2374:
2311:
2036:
1639:
1248:
924:
According to the 2001 Indian census, 258 million people in India (25% of the population) regarded their
697:
590:
454:
70:
1507:... located in what is called the "Hindi heartland" or the "Hindi belt" of north and central India ...
4336:
4311:
4179:
4154:
4023:
3993:
3850:
3630:
3620:
3430:
3009:
2441:
2242:
2210:
2122:
2092:
874:
626:
598:
was identified by the census as a Hindi dialect. Many such languages still struggle for recognition.
576:
428:
344:
1922:
Jaffrelot, Christophe (1 January 2000). "The Rise of the Other
Backward Classes in the Hindi Belt".
1042:
Much of the Hindi spoken outside of the subcontinent is distinct from the Indian standard language.
4426:
4356:
4351:
4291:
4226:
4033:
3754:
3739:
3671:
3645:
3635:
3560:
3277:
3067:
2994:
2977:
2722:
2552:
2167:
2127:
2102:
2075:
1138:
969:
4476:
4421:
4406:
4326:
4306:
4296:
4038:
3951:
3916:
3688:
3206:
2944:
2634:
2562:
2557:
2070:
1947:
1939:
758:
373:
4075:
4061:
4441:
4396:
4381:
4361:
4301:
4286:
4231:
4045:
3714:
3683:
3661:
3625:
3467:
3425:
3330:
3272:
3037:
2969:
2957:
2866:
2787:
2767:
2689:
2614:
2531:
2464:
2369:
2271:
2172:
2162:
1671:
1527:
1495:
1465:
1338:
1315:
1295:
1055:
953:
937:
843:
837:
730:, Hindi is the official language despite large resistance due to the region being part of the
715:. Standardised Hindustani—including both Standard Hindi and Urdu—is historically based on the
701:
678:
670:
654:
642:
622:
595:
579:
362:
4486:
4481:
4471:
4466:
4456:
4446:
4401:
4331:
4321:
4149:
4139:
4085:
4018:
3921:
3896:
3886:
3865:
3860:
3835:
3774:
3666:
3640:
3603:
3598:
3552:
3498:
3451:
3410:
3361:
3306:
3267:
3216:
3135:
3105:
3052:
3042:
2903:
2898:
2890:
2876:
2826:
2782:
2694:
2500:
2449:
2364:
2294:
2205:
2157:
2117:
2085:
1931:
1427:"Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)"
965:
957:
941:
904:
898:
880:
867:
861:
855:
833:
793:
743:
727:
658:
646:
634:
618:
471:
256:
4436:
4411:
4386:
4366:
4341:
4316:
4194:
4028:
3983:
3870:
3840:
3797:
3749:
3709:
3615:
3565:
3536:
3514:
3446:
3356:
3316:
3282:
3226:
3221:
3180:
3165:
3145:
3140:
3130:
3120:
3110:
3082:
3072:
3062:
3057:
3032:
3027:
3022:
2999:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2871:
2792:
2717:
2673:
2629:
2624:
2609:
2604:
2547:
2510:
2505:
2234:
2200:
2192:
2177:
2144:
2015:
1433:
1047:
933:
892:
849:
806:
716:
662:
638:
506:
358:
1163:
Although the vast majority of the population is rural, significant urban cities include
160:
Area (red) where various languages considered by the census as Hindi are spoken natively
95:
4346:
4204:
3946:
3855:
3787:
3782:
3764:
3744:
3531:
3524:
3493:
3387:
3335:
3175:
3170:
3125:
3100:
3092:
3047:
3017:
2962:
2838:
2747:
2712:
2704:
2668:
2619:
2485:
2379:
2080:
1747:"Census of India: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues –2001"
925:
916:
886:
731:
674:
666:
479:
436:
266:
1046:
is a derived form of Awadhi, Bhojpuri, and including some
English and very few native
4501:
4189:
3845:
3759:
3734:
3519:
2861:
2762:
2252:
2112:
1951:
1276:
1149:
949:
696:
Hindi languages. The narrowest definition of Hindi is that of the official language,
693:
689:
650:
586:
487:
445:
398:
281:
4184:
2952:
2384:
2247:
2008:
1305:
1247:
Over the years political development in some of these states has been dominated by
1153:
1133:
1051:
463:
241:
1388:"Largest State in India 2022: Check the list of all states by area and population"
1521:
1489:
1459:
3262:
3077:
2583:
2152:
1072:
989:
781:
522:
491:
394:
276:
37:
17:
3371:
3340:
3311:
2220:
2097:
1216:
1164:
1043:
712:
495:
406:
402:
236:
4161:
4070:
4050:
2742:
2737:
2469:
2182:
1267:, 226 members from the Hindi belt states had been elected to the Lok Sabha.
1188:
1168:
483:
475:
440:
335:
271:
261:
4243:
4199:
3941:
3292:
2757:
2752:
2732:
2490:
2257:
1200:
824:
775:
1251:-based politics, but this has changed somewhat in recent years with the
4133:
4004:
3477:
3211:
2727:
2410:
1943:
1236:
1228:
1176:
1014: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
945:
910:
818:
787:
547: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
467:
325:
251:
205:
3472:
3321:
3296:
2856:
2848:
2772:
2663:
2588:
2230:
1224:
1220:
1208:
1204:
1192:
1184:
1180:
961:
200:
195:
1935:
3287:
3185:
2059:
1992:"Why BJP is staring at a loss of nearly 100 seats from 2014 tally"
1232:
1212:
1172:
1157:
769:
735:
720:
708:
499:
459:
409:
378:
246:
231:
210:
190:
177:
1966:"2019 elections may have no precedent in terms of past elections"
3988:
3301:
1722:"Dreaming of Peace Dividends: Revival of Shimla-Murree Linkages"
1406:
Office of the
Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
1196:
4247:
2414:
2032:
1696:"Hindi Belt's Imposition Sparks Resistance in Himachal Pradesh"
1547:"Battle for the Hindi heartland: Will it favour the BJP again?"
4080:
1823:"Linguists divided over inclusion of Bhojpuri in 8th Schedule"
1066:
983:
516:
340:
31:
688:. Based on their linguistic features, these are divided into
1805:"Don't add Hindi dialects in Eighth Schedule, say academics"
1402:"A-1 No of Villages, Towns, Households, Population and Area"
1682:
In the 'Hindi-Urdu belt' also these variations are visible
2028:
1235:
along with people from various castes and a significant
754:
Population data from 2011 Indian Census is as follows:
585:
This definition of Hindi is one of the ones used in the
4170:
4126:
4103:
4059:
4002:
3976:
3967:
3934:
3909:
3879:
3828:
3817:
3810:
3773:
3727:
3697:
3654:
3591:
3580:
3545:
3507:
3486:
3460:
3439:
3418:
3409:
3400:
3380:
3349:
3255:
3246:
3199:
3091:
3008:
2943:
2936:
2889:
2847:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2703:
2682:
2656:
2647:
2597:
2576:
2540:
2524:
2478:
2457:
2448:
2357:
2336:
2320:
2270:
2229:
2191:
2143:
2136:
1786:"38 languages stake claim to be in Eighth schedule"
351:
334:
324:
316:
308:
303:
295:
290:
219:
183:
165:
139:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
431:are spoken, which in a broader sense is termed as
1841:"Housing and Population Census of Mauritius 1972"
505:It is also sometimes broadly referred to as the "
393:, is a linguistic region encompassing parts of
4259:
2426:
2044:
1848:Ministry of Economic Planning and Development
684:In a middle sense, Hindi is equated with the
589:, and results in more than forty per cent of
8:
2009:On The Problems Of The Hindi Belt: A Seminar
1333:, in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.),
1101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
299:1,355,456 km (523,344 sq mi)
4266:
4252:
4244:
3973:
3825:
3814:
3588:
3415:
3406:
3252:
2940:
2816:
2809:
2653:
2454:
2433:
2419:
2411:
2140:
2051:
2037:
2029:
136:
1314:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1121:Learn how and when to remove this message
1030:Learn how and when to remove this message
633:. This is an area bounded on the west by
563:Learn how and when to remove this message
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1132:
372:
184:Major urban agglomerations (2011 census)
2021:Bhatele, Abhinav: Introduction To Hindi
1869:"2022 Population Census - Main Results"
1640:"India's Evolving Linguistic Landscape"
1379:
1358:
707:a Western Hindi language spoken around
494:, as well as to the union territory of
333:
323:
302:
289:
229:
218:
164:
152:
1562:
1560:
1259:and state victory in Uttar Pradesh in
498:and the National Capital Territory of
1488:Stuart Allan, Barbie Zelizer (2004),
1464:, Stosius Inc/Advent Books Division,
350:
315:
307:
294:
182:
7:
2290:Anti-Hindi agitations of West Bengal
1694:Sharma, Vishal (14 September 2018).
1588:. Hindustan Times. 22 November 2018.
1491:Reporting war: journalism in wartime
1099:adding citations to reliable sources
1012:adding citations to reliable sources
734:linguistic belt which also includes
617:Indo-Aryan languages, including the
545:adding citations to reliable sources
60:adding citations to reliable sources
2285:Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
1600:"How many Indians can you talk to?"
1461:Modern Political Geography of India
1050:words. It is spoken by majority of
932:There have been demands to include
601:The broad sense covers a number of
2280:Anti-Hindi agitations of Karnataka
1670:. Algora Publishing. p. 313.
1625:"Hindi and the North-South divide"
1586:"How languages intersect in India"
1568:"Congress' revival in Hindi patti"
740:Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)
25:
1803:Pathak, Vikas (20 January 2017).
4136:(unknown further classification)
1071:
988:
742:further extending to Pakistan's
521:
377:States and union territories of
170:
154:
36:
2328:Department of Official Language
2305:Hindutva boycott of Hindi films
1896:Murdan, Anjani (10 June 2022).
1337:, Routledge, pp. 250–285,
999:needs additional citations for
980:Outside the Indian subcontinent
532:needs additional citations for
47:needs additional citations for
1720:Sharma, Vishal (7 June 2019).
1476:... In the Hindi heartland ...
1:
4513:Central Indo-Aryan languages
1924:The Journal of Asian Studies
1329:Shapiro, Michael C. (2003),
686:Central Indo-Aryan languages
513:Hindi as a dialect continuum
509:Belt" or "Hindustani Belt".
220:States and Union Territories
1572:www.nationalheraldindia.com
381:by the most spoken language
4534:
1664:Khan, Abdul Jamil (2006).
1294:Vol I-XI, Calcutta, 1928,
1292:Linguistic Survey of India
27:Linguistic region of India
4282:
4213:
2066:
320:420/km (1,100/sq mi)
153:
146:
4014:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
2014:18 February 2012 at the
1638:Pillalamarri, Akhilesh.
1335:The Indo-Aryan Languages
1311:The Indo-Aryan Languages
1063:Geography and demography
631:Central Pahari languages
2344:World Hindi Secretariat
1876:Government of Mauritius
1526:, National Book Trust,
801:Eastern Hindi languages
764:Western Hindi languages
4222:Indo-Iranian languages
2349:World Hindi Conference
2321:National organizations
2300:Hindi–Urdu controversy
2023:(Archived 1 June 2012)
1790:www.dailyexcelsior.com
1604:www.hindustantimes.com
1141:
661:; and on the north by
382:
3892:Maharashtrian Konkani
2375:Sahitya Akademi Award
2312:Punjabi Suba movement
1520:B.S. Kesavan (1997),
1458:B.L. Sukhwal (1985),
1136:
698:Modern Standard Hindi
575:Hindi is part of the
455:Modern Standard Hindi
376:
4180:Andaman Creole Hindi
3611:Bishnupriya Manipuri
3431:Caribbean Hindustani
2442:Indo-Aryan languages
2337:Global organizations
2243:Andaman Creole Hindi
2211:Caribbean Hindustani
1255:national victory in
1095:improve this section
1008:improve this article
875:Rajasthani languages
726:In many states like
627:Rajasthani languages
541:improve this article
429:Indo-Aryan languages
389:, also known as the
317: • Density
56:improve this article
4227:Nuristani languages
3959:Mitanni superstrate
2568:Wotapuri-Katarqalai
1390:. 16 February 2022.
1139:Indo-Gangetic Plain
352:Scheduled Languages
4518:Language geography
4113:Proto-Indo-Iranian
3994:Early Ardhamagadhi
1994:. 9 November 2018.
1972:. 10 February 2019
1757:on 29 October 2013
1751:censusindia.gov.in
1574:. 8 February 2019.
1152:, Madhya Pradesh,
1142:
759:Central Indo-Aryan
750:Number of speakers
641:; on the south by
383:
309: • Total
296: • Total
4495:
4494:
4241:
4240:
4232:Iranian languages
4099:
4098:
4019:Dramatic Prakrits
3930:
3929:
3905:
3904:
3806:
3805:
3723:
3722:
3679:Rajbanshi (Nepal)
3576:
3575:
3396:
3395:
3242:
3241:
3232:list of languages
2932:
2931:
2885:
2884:
2801:
2800:
2643:
2642:
2408:
2407:
2272:Language politics
2266:
2265:
1827:www.indiatoday.in
1792:. 15 August 2013.
1627:. 9 October 2018.
1551:www.orfonline.org
1344:978-0-415-77294-5
1321:978-0-521-29944-2
1131:
1130:
1123:
1040:
1039:
1032:
679:Tibetic languages
653:; on the east by
580:dialect continuum
573:
572:
565:
443:) serving as the
371:
370:
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
4525:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4245:
4118:Proto-Indo-Aryan
3974:
3897:Canarese Konkani
3826:
3815:
3589:
3416:
3407:
3253:
2941:
2817:
2810:
2654:
2455:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2412:
2295:Hindi imposition
2141:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2030:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1873:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1845:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1753:. Archived from
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1438:
1431:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1367:
1363:
1347:
1324:
1243:Political sphere
1156:, Jharkhand and
1126:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1075:
1067:
1054:. In Mauritius,
1035:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1015:
992:
984:
834:Bihari languages
744:Pothohar Plateau
728:Himachal Pradesh
719:of 17th-century
619:Bihari languages
568:
561:
557:
554:
548:
525:
517:
472:Himachal Pradesh
257:Himachal Pradesh
176:
174:
173:
158:
137:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4278:
4272:
4242:
4237:
4236:
4209:
4172:
4166:
4122:
4105:
4095:
4055:
3998:
3984:Ashokan Prakrit
3963:
3926:
3901:
3875:
3820:
3802:
3769:
3719:
3693:
3650:
3583:
3572:
3541:
3503:
3482:
3456:
3435:
3392:
3376:
3345:
3317:Hyderabadi Urdu
3238:
3195:
3087:
3004:
2928:
2881:
2872:Pahari-Pothwari
2843:
2797:
2778:Pahari Kinnauri
2699:
2678:
2639:
2605:Indus Kohistani
2598:Hazara Division
2593:
2572:
2536:
2520:
2474:
2444:
2439:
2409:
2404:
2353:
2332:
2316:
2262:
2225:
2187:
2132:
2062:
2057:
2016:Wayback Machine
2005:
2000:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1936:10.2307/2658585
1921:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1902:Mauritius Times
1895:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1760:
1758:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1644:thediplomat.com
1637:
1636:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1566:
1565:
1558:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1502:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1345:
1328:
1322:
1304:
1289:Grierson, G. A.
1285:
1273:
1245:
1127:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1092:
1076:
1065:
1036:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1005:
993:
982:
974:Eighth Schedule
958:Kudmali/Kurmali
926:native language
881:Marwari-Merwari
752:
569:
558:
552:
549:
538:
526:
515:
449:of the region.
433:Hindi languages
391:Hindi Heartland
367:
286:
228:
227:
215:
171:
169:
161:
149:
142:
135:
134:Region in India
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
18:Hindi Heartland
15:
12:
11:
5:
4531:
4529:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4500:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4452:Serbo-Croatian
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4248:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4142:
4137:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4065:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4016:
4010:
4008:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3830:
3823:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3595:
3593:
3586:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3413:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3299:
3290:
3285:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2972:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2963:Lisan ud-Dawat
2955:
2949:
2947:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2823:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2415:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2380:Jnanpith Award
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2147:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2004:
2003:External links
2001:
1998:
1997:
1983:
1957:
1914:
1888:
1860:
1832:
1814:
1795:
1777:
1768:
1738:
1712:
1686:
1676:
1656:
1630:
1616:
1591:
1577:
1556:
1538:
1532:
1512:
1500:
1480:
1470:
1450:
1439:on 8 July 2016
1418:
1393:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1326:
1320:
1302:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1244:
1241:
1129:
1128:
1079:
1077:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1038:
1037:
996:
994:
987:
981:
978:
922:
921:
920:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
872:
871:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
831:
830:
829:
828:
827:
821:
815:
809:
798:
797:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
751:
748:
732:Western Pahari
675:Western Pahari
571:
570:
529:
527:
520:
514:
511:
480:Madhya Pradesh
437:Standard Hindi
412:where various
369:
368:
366:
365:
355:
353:
349:
348:
338:
332:
331:
328:
322:
321:
318:
314:
313:
310:
306:
305:
301:
300:
297:
293:
292:
288:
287:
285:
284:
279:
274:
269:
267:Madhya Pradesh
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
225:
224:
223:
221:
217:
216:
214:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
187:
185:
181:
180:
167:
163:
162:
159:
151:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
133:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4530:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4276:
4269:
4264:
4262:
4257:
4255:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4190:Haflong Hindi
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4169:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4145:Chinali–Lahul
4143:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4102:
4092:
4091:Khasa Prakrit
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4058:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3579:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3367:Chhattisgarhi
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:Rathwi Bareli
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2763:Mahasu Pahari
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:Haflong Hindi
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2216:Chhattisgarhi
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2108:Kinship terms
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1971:
1970:@businessline
1967:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1930:(1): 86–108.
1929:
1925:
1918:
1915:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1889:
1877:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1849:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1713:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1677:9780875864389
1673:
1669:
1668:
1660:
1657:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1533:81-237-2120-X
1529:
1525:
1524:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1501:0-415-33998-7
1497:
1494:, Routledge,
1493:
1492:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1471:9780865906082
1467:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1451:
1435:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1373:
1362:
1359:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1306:Masica, Colin
1303:
1301:
1300:81-85395-27-6
1297:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1277:BIMARU states
1275:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1265:2019 election
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1150:Uttar Pradesh
1146:
1140:
1135:
1125:
1122:
1114:
1111:December 2015
1104:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1080:This section
1078:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1034:
1031:
1023:
1020:February 2021
1013:
1009:
1003:
1002:
997:This section
995:
991:
986:
985:
979:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
950:Chhattisgarhi
947:
943:
939:
935:
930:
927:
918:
914:
912:
908:
906:
902:
900:
896:
894:
890:
888:
884:
882:
878:
877:
876:
873:
869:
865:
863:
859:
857:
853:
851:
847:
845:
841:
840:
839:
835:
832:
826:
822:
820:
816:
814:
813:Chhattisgarhi
810:
808:
804:
803:
802:
799:
795:
791:
789:
785:
783:
779:
777:
773:
771:
767:
766:
765:
762:
761:
760:
757:
756:
755:
749:
747:
745:
741:
738:areas of the
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
599:
597:
592:
588:
587:Indian census
583:
581:
578:
567:
564:
556:
553:February 2021
546:
542:
536:
535:
530:This section
528:
524:
519:
518:
512:
510:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
488:Uttar Pradesh
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:
450:
448:
447:
446:lingua franca
442:
438:
434:
430:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
380:
375:
364:
360:
357:
356:
354:
346:
342:
339:
337:
329:
327:
319:
311:
298:
283:
282:Uttar Pradesh
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
222:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
188:
186:
179:
168:
157:
145:
138:
126:
123:
115:
112:December 2015
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
4508:Belt regions
4277:of languages
4185:Bombay Hindi
4127:Unclassified
4024:Ardhamagadhi
3851:Berar Deccan
3705:Chittagonian
3698:Chittagonian
3191:Vaagri Booli
3156:Pauri Bareli
3151:Palya Bareli
3116:Dhodia–Kukna
2806:Northwestern
2496:Kundal Shahi
2385:Hindi cinema
2248:Bombay Hindi
2026:
1986:
1974:. Retrieved
1969:
1960:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1901:
1891:
1879:. Retrieved
1875:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1847:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1808:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1759:. Retrieved
1755:the original
1750:
1741:
1729:. Retrieved
1725:
1715:
1703:. Retrieved
1699:
1689:
1681:
1666:
1659:
1647:. Retrieved
1643:
1633:
1619:
1607:. Retrieved
1603:
1594:
1580:
1571:
1550:
1541:
1522:
1515:
1506:
1505:
1490:
1483:
1475:
1460:
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1434:the original
1421:
1409:. Retrieved
1405:
1396:
1382:
1361:
1334:
1310:
1291:
1283:Bibliography
1246:
1239:population.
1162:
1154:Chhattisgarh
1147:
1143:
1117:
1108:
1093:Please help
1081:
1052:Indo-Fijians
1041:
1026:
1017:
1006:Please help
1001:verification
998:
931:
923:
753:
725:
702:standardised
683:
607:East-Central
600:
584:
574:
559:
550:
539:Please help
534:verification
531:
504:
464:Chhattisgarh
453:
451:
444:
432:
390:
386:
384:
330:Hindi Bhashi
242:Chhattisgarh
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
71:"Hindi Belt"
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
4312:Azerbaijani
4173:and creoles
4155:Lahul Lohar
4034:Maharashtri
3631:Mal Paharia
3621:Kharia Thar
3263:Braj Bhasha
1976:22 December
1761:22 December
1649:22 December
1609:22 December
1443:26 December
836:apart from
782:Braj Bhasha
492:Uttarakhand
312:563,766,118
277:Uttarakhand
4502:Categories
4427:Portuguese
4392:Macedonian
4076:Apabhraṃśa
4062:Apabhraṃśa
4039:Shauraseni
3755:Bodo Parja
3740:Sambalpuri
3672:Goalpariya
3646:Tanchangya
3636:Noakhailla
3561:Bote-Darai
3372:Fiji Hindi
3341:Sadhukkadi
3312:Judeo-Urdu
3278:Hindustani
3068:Shekhawati
3010:Rajasthani
2995:Saurashtra
2723:Bhadarwahi
2553:Gawar-Bati
2365:Literature
2221:Fiji Hindi
2183:Sansi Boli
2168:Hindustani
2128:Hindustani
2098:Devanagari
2076:Declension
1374:References
1217:Jamshedpur
1165:Chandigarh
1044:Fiji Hindi
970:Rajasthani
713:Western UP
629:, and the
625:, all the
594:language,
577:Indo-Aryan
507:Hindi–Urdu
496:Chandigarh
439:(based on
387:Hindi Belt
359:Hindi–Urdu
304:Population
237:Chandigarh
141:Hindi Belt
82:newspapers
4477:Ukrainian
4407:Norwegian
4327:Bulgarian
4307:Aromanian
4297:Aragonese
4275:Varieties
4162:Sheikhgal
4106:languages
4071:Abahattha
4051:Paishachi
3952:Classical
3917:Maldivian
3689:Surjapuri
3655:Kamarupic
3557:Kuswaric
3419:Bhojpuric
3207:Khandeshi
2743:Chambeali
2738:Bilaspuri
2635:Mankiyali
2563:Shumashti
2558:Nangalami
2470:Kishtwari
2137:Varieties
2123:Etymology
2093:Phonology
1952:162845558
1907:9 January
1881:9 January
1853:9 January
1809:The Hindu
1731:23 August
1705:23 August
1189:Allahabad
1169:Panchkula
1082:does not
717:Khariboli
484:Rajasthan
476:Jharkhand
458:, namely
336:Time zone
272:Rajasthan
262:Jharkhand
4442:Romanian
4382:Japanese
4362:Georgian
4302:Armenian
4287:Albanian
4218:See also
4200:Nefamese
4195:Nagamese
4086:Kamarupi
4046:Gāndhārī
4003:Middle (
3942:Sanskrit
3880:Konkanic
3829:Marathic
3819:Marathi–
3811:Southern
3715:Rohingya
3684:Rangpuri
3662:Assamese
3626:Kurmukar
3604:dialects
3584:Kamarupa
3468:Maithili
3461:Maithili
3426:Bhojpuri
3331:Kannauji
3293:Hinglish
3273:Haryanvi
3038:Dhundari
2988:Wadiyara
2970:Jandavra
2958:Gujarati
2945:Gujarati
2867:Khetrani
2832:dialects
2788:Sirmauri
2768:Jaunsari
2758:Mandeali
2753:Pangwali
2733:Bhateali
2690:Garhwali
2649:Northern
2615:Chilisso
2491:Brokskat
2465:Kashmiri
2458:Kashmiri
2258:Hinglish
2173:Kannauji
2163:Haryanvi
2103:Numerals
2081:Pronouns
2012:Archived
1726:The Wire
1700:TheQuint
1366:Muslims.
1308:(1991),
1271:See also
1201:Varanasi
1056:Bhojpuri
954:Garhwali
938:Bhojpuri
844:Bhojpuri
838:Maithili
825:Surgujia
776:Haryanvi
705:register
671:Kashmiri
655:Maithili
643:Gujarati
623:Maithili
615:Northern
596:Maithili
414:Northern
395:northern
363:Maithili
4487:Yiddish
4472:Turkish
4467:Swedish
4462:Spanish
4457:Slovene
4447:Russian
4432:Punjabi
4417:Persian
4402:Maltese
4352:English
4337:Chinese
4332:Catalan
4322:Bengali
4171:Pidgins
4150:Chinali
4140:Bazigar
4134:Badeshi
4029:Magadhi
4005:Prakrit
3922:Sinhala
3910:Insular
3887:Konkani
3866:Katkari
3861:Phudagi
3841:Varhadi
3836:Marathi
3821:Konkani
3793:Bhunjia
3667:Kamrupi
3641:Sylheti
3599:Bengali
3592:Bengali
3553:Kumhali
3520:Kochila
3508:Tharuic
3499:Kurmali
3487:Sadanic
3478:Bajjika
3452:Khortha
3402:Eastern
3362:Bagheli
3350:Eastern
3307:Deccani
3283:Kauravi
3268:Bundeli
3256:Western
3248:Central
3217:Dawoodi
3212:Lambadi
3136:Bhilori
3106:Bhilali
3053:Marwari
3043:Harauti
2983:Parkari
2937:Western
2904:Kholosi
2899:Jadgali
2877:Saraiki
2827:Punjabi
2820:Eastern
2813:Punjabi
2783:Hinduri
2728:Churahi
2705:Western
2695:Kumaoni
2683:Central
2657:Eastern
2584:Kalasha
2577:Chitral
2532:Pashayi
2525:Pashayi
2501:Kalkoti
2395:Writers
2235:Creoles
2231:Pidgins
2206:Bagheli
2193:Eastern
2178:Kauravi
2158:Bundeli
2145:Western
2118:History
2113:Braille
2071:Grammar
1944:2658585
1411:3 March
1331:"Hindi"
1229:Muslims
1177:Lucknow
1103:removed
1088:sources
972:in the
966:Nagpuri
946:Bundeli
942:Kumaoni
911:Godwari
905:Harauti
899:Lambadi
868:Kurmali
866:0.5 M:
862:Nagpuri
860:5.1 M:
856:Khortha
850:Magadhi
819:Bagheli
811:18.2 M
794:Bundeli
788:Kanauji
694:Eastern
690:Western
659:Bengali
647:Marathi
635:Punjabi
621:except
611:Eastern
603:Central
591:Indians
468:Haryana
441:Dehlavi
435:, with
426:Western
422:Eastern
418:Central
407:western
403:eastern
399:central
343:+5:30 (
326:Demonym
252:Haryana
206:Lucknow
166:Country
96:scholar
4437:Romani
4422:Polish
4412:Pashto
4387:Korean
4367:German
4357:French
4342:Danish
4317:Basque
4292:Arabic
4104:Proto-
4060:Late (
3969:Middle
3871:Kadodi
3798:Nahari
3775:Halbic
3750:Bhatri
3710:Chakma
3616:Hajong
3582:Gauda–
3566:Danwar
3546:Others
3537:Musasa
3473:Angika
3447:Magahi
3440:Magahi
3411:Bihari
3381:Others
3357:Awadhi
3322:Rekhta
3297:Urdish
3227:Romani
3222:Domari
3200:Others
3181:Vasavi
3166:Pardhi
3146:Magari
3141:Mawchi
3131:Bauria
3121:Dhanki
3111:Chodri
3083:Nimadi
3073:Dhatki
3063:Mewari
3058:Mewati
3033:Gujari
3028:Loarki
3023:Goaria
3000:Vaghri
2924:Sindhi
2919:Memoni
2914:Luwati
2909:Kutchi
2891:Sindhi
2857:Hindko
2849:Lahnda
2793:Sarazi
2773:Kullui
2718:Kangri
2674:Nepali
2664:Doteli
2630:Tirahi
2625:Kalami
2610:Bateri
2589:Khowar
2548:Dameli
2511:Palula
2506:Ushoji
2450:Dardic
2370:Awards
2201:Awadhi
1950:
1942:
1674:
1530:
1498:
1468:
1341:
1318:
1298:
1237:tribal
1225:Hindus
1221:Ranchi
1209:Bhopal
1205:Indore
1193:Jaipur
1185:Raipur
1181:Kanpur
1048:Fijian
968:, and
962:Magahi
934:Awadhi
903:2.9 M
893:Nimadi
891:2.3 M
885:5.2 M
879:7.8 M
848:13 M:
842:51 M:
823:1.7 M
817:2.6 M
807:Awadhi
805:4.5 M
792:5.6 M
786:9.5 M
780:1.5 M
774:9.8 M
768:240 M
663:Nepali
649:, and
639:Sindhi
613:, and
405:, and
201:Kanpur
196:Jaipur
175:
148:Region
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
4397:Malay
4377:Hindi
4372:Greek
4347:Dutch
4205:Vedda
3977:Early
3947:Vedic
3856:Varli
3788:Kamar
3783:Halbi
3765:Kupia
3745:Desia
3532:Majhi
3525:Buksa
3515:Tharu
3494:Sadri
3388:Parya
3336:Sansi
3288:Hindi
3186:Wagdi
3176:Kalto
3171:Gamit
3126:Dubli
3101:Bhili
3048:Malvi
3018:Bagri
2978:Kachi
2974:Koli
2839:Sansi
2748:Gaddi
2713:Dogri
2669:Jumli
2620:Gowro
2541:Kunar
2486:Shina
2479:Shina
2400:Poets
2390:Music
2086:Verbs
2060:Hindi
1948:S2CID
1940:JSTOR
1872:(PDF)
1844:(PDF)
1775:USCWM
1437:(PDF)
1430:(PDF)
1353:Notes
1263:. In
1249:caste
1233:Sikhs
1213:Patna
1173:Delhi
1158:Bihar
917:Bagri
897:4.8M
887:Malvi
854:8 M:
770:Hindi
736:Jammu
721:Delhi
709:Delhi
667:Dogri
500:Delhi
460:Bihar
410:India
379:India
247:Delhi
232:Bihar
211:Patna
191:Delhi
178:India
103:JSTOR
89:books
4482:Urdu
3989:Pāli
3846:Andh
3760:Reli
3735:Odia
3728:Odia
3302:Urdu
3093:Bhil
2862:Inku
2516:Sawi
2358:Arts
2233:and
2153:Braj
1978:2019
1909:2024
1883:2024
1855:2024
1763:2019
1733:2020
1707:2020
1672:ISBN
1651:2019
1611:2019
1528:ISBN
1496:ISBN
1466:ISBN
1445:2016
1413:2024
1339:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1296:ISBN
1261:2017
1257:2014
1219:and
1197:Agra
1137:The
1086:any
1084:cite
915:2 M
909:3 M
711:and
700:, a
692:and
677:and
657:and
651:Odia
637:and
490:and
424:and
385:The
291:Area
226:List
75:news
4081:Elu
3935:Old
2953:Aer
1932:doi
1253:BJP
1097:by
1010:by
543:by
345:IST
341:UTC
58:by
4504::
3078:Od
1968:.
1946:.
1938:.
1928:59
1926:.
1900:.
1874:.
1846:.
1825:.
1807:.
1788:.
1749:.
1724:.
1698:.
1680:.
1642:.
1602:.
1570:.
1559:^
1549:.
1504:,
1474:,
1404:.
1231:,
1227:,
1215:,
1211:,
1207:,
1203:,
1199:,
1195:,
1191:,
1187:,
1183:,
1179:,
1175:,
1171:,
1167:,
1160:.
964:,
960:,
956:,
952:,
948:,
944:,
940:,
936:,
746:.
723:.
673:,
669:,
665:,
645:,
609:,
605:,
502:.
486:,
482:,
478:,
474:,
470:,
466:,
462:,
420:,
416:,
401:,
397:,
361:,
4267:e
4260:t
4253:v
4064:)
4007:)
3295:/
2434:e
2427:t
2420:v
2052:e
2045:t
2038:v
1980:.
1954:.
1934::
1911:.
1885:.
1857:.
1829:.
1811:.
1765:.
1735:.
1709:.
1653:.
1613:.
1553:.
1447:.
1415:.
1348:.
1325:.
1124:)
1118:(
1113:)
1109:(
1105:.
1091:.
1033:)
1027:(
1022:)
1018:(
1004:.
566:)
560:(
555:)
551:(
537:.
347:)
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
