40:
175:
1504:, p. 145: "The Arabic literature often conflates 'Sind' with 'Hind' into a single term. Sind, in point of fact, while vaguely defined territorially, overlaps rather well with what is currently Pakistan. It definitely did extend beyond the present province of Sind and Makran; the whole of Baluchistan was included, a part of the Panjab, and the North-West Frontier Province."
913:
849:
1031:, which in the "Naqsh-i-Rustam" inscription of Shapur I denoted India on the lower Indus, and which later gradually began to denote more or less the whole of the subcontinent, was used by some of the European authors concerned as a part of bigger India. Hindustan was of course a well-known name for the subcontinent used in India and outside in medieval times."
788:(General Map of India). This 'Hindustan' of British reckoning was divided into British-ruled territories (more often referred to as 'British India') and the territories ruled by native rulers. The British officials and writers, however, thought that the Indians used 'Hindustan' to refer to only North India. An
779:
The dual meanings of the terms "India," "Hindustan," and the "Mughal Empire" persisted with the arrival of
Europeans. For instance, Rennel produced an atlas titled the Memoir of a Map of Hindoostan or the Mogul Empire in 1792, which actually depicted the Indian subcontinent. This conflation of terms
339:
In the time of the Delhi
Sultanate and the Mughal empire, the ruling elite and its Persian historiographers made a further distinction between "Hindustan" and "Hind". Hindustan referred to the territories of Northern India in the Miyan-Doab and adjacent regions under Muslim political control, while
361:. Slogans involving the term are commonly heard at sports events and other public programmes involving teams or entities representing the modern nation-state of India. In marketing, it is also commonly used as an indicator of national origin in advertising campaigns and is present in many
1436:
At partition, the Muslim League tried, unsuccessfully, to convince the
British that the two independent countries should be called Hindustan and Pakistan but neither the British nor the Congress gave in to this demand. It is important to note that Jinnah and the majority of the Pakistani
1477:
The word Hind meaning 'India', comes from the
Persian language, and the suffix -i which is transcribed in the Persian alphabet as ya-i-ma'ruf is a grammatical marker meaning 'relating to'. The word Hindi, thus, meant 'relating/belonging to India' or the 'Indian
1779:). But the word is used in older Mahommedan authors just as it is used in English school-books and atlases, viz., as (a) the equivalent of India Proper. Thus Babur says of Hindustan: 'On the East, the South and the West it is bounded by the Ocean'"
1352:, p. 5: "The Arabs, like the Greeks, adopted a pre-existing Persian term, but they were the first to extend its application to the entire Indianized region from Sind and Makran to the Indonesian Archipelago and mainland Southeast Asia."
70:
1763:. (a) 'The country of 'Hindūs' or Indus people, India. In modern native parlance the word indicates distinctively (b) India north of the Nerbudda, and exclusive of Bengal and Behar. The latter provinces are regarded as
706:(1526–1857) called its lands 'Hindustan'. The term 'Mughal' itself was never used to refer to the land. As the empire expanded, so too did 'Hindustan'. At the same time, the meaning of 'Hindustan' as the entire
1538:
It was after the Arab conquest that the name Sind came to be applied to territories much beyond modern Sind and gradually it came to pass that the variants Hind and Sind were used, as synonyms, for the entire
722:. The Mughals made a further distinction between "Hindustani" and "Hindu". In Mughal sources, Hindustani commonly referred to Muslims in Hindustan, while non-Muslim Indians were referred to as Hindus.
875:, which came to be called 'Pakistan' in popular parlance and the Dominion of India came to be called 'Hindustan'. The British officials too picked up the two terms and started using them officially.
1211:
684:
was established, north India, especially the
Gangetic plains and the Punjab, came to be called "Hindustan". Scholar Bratindra Nath Mukherjee states that this narrow meaning of
39:
1459:
The everyday speech of well over 50,000,000 persons of all communities in the north of India and in West
Pakistan is the expression of a common language, Hindustani.
1680:
591:
691:
The Delhi
Sultanate established differences between "Hindustan" and "Hind", where Hindustan referred to the territories of today's Northern India and the
506:
The region of
Hindustan is extensive, full of men and full of produce. On the east, south and even on the west it ends at its great enclosing ocean (
2444:
554:, which was derived from Persian as well, and almost became synonymous with it. The Arabs, engaging in oceanic trade, included all the lands from
2434:
2262:
2167:
2142:
2058:
1944:
1913:
1862:
1749:
1598:
1403:
1113:
985:
2342:
890:, whereas 'Bharat' was adopted as an official name. It was recognised however that 'Hindustan' would continue to be used unofficially.
886:
should be called 'India', not 'Hindustan'. Probably for the same reason, the name 'Hindustan' did not receive official sanction of the
2449:
2439:
2429:
2223:
1429:
1128:
2374:
1832:
1373:
1194:
1164:
574:
did not acquire this elaborate meaning. According to André Wink, it also did not acquire the distinction, which faded away, between
1587:
Ahmad, Imtiaz (2005), "Concepts of India: Expanding
Horizons in Early Medieval Arabic and Persian Writing", in Ifran Habib (ed.),
2454:
2318:
2197:
1083:
The
Persians called the tract lying on the left bank of the Sindhu (Indus) Hind, which is but a corruption of the word Sindh.
811:
During the independence movement, the Indians referred to their land by all three names: 'India', 'Hindustan' and 'Bharat'.
2356:
1822:
1363:
887:
878:
However, this naming did not meet the approval of Indian leaders due to the implied meaning of 'Hindustan' as the land of
695:, the lands of the Indus. In the Miyan-Doab and adjacent regions under Muslim political control. For example, the army of
401:
rule over the Subcontinent but it has also been used to particularly call the people of the central Indo-Gangetic plain (
822:
1154:
1099:
2459:
1936:
1184:
608:, with its western limit formed by the river Indus, southern limit going up to the Great Sea and the eastern limit at
432:
1713:
1454:
1437:
policy-makers have often referred to independent India as "Hindustan," as an affirmation of the two nation theory.
1027:
for India Intra Gangem or taking the latter expression rather loosely for the Indian subcontinent proper. The term
868:
660:
took shape, defining the land of the river Indus. The conquerors were liable to call the lands under their control
362:
31:
2390:
377:, insisted on calling the modern-day Republic of India "Hindustan" in reference to its Hindu-majority population.
1618:
1553:
2377:. (History of Hindustan (First published: 1770–1772). Dow had succeeded his father as the private secretary of
1330:
1328:
1186:
Tracing the Boundaries Between Hindi and Urdu: Lost and Added in Translation Between 20th Century Short Stories
780:
by Rennel illustrates the complexity and overlap of these concepts during that period. J. Bernoulli, to whom
2215:
2108:
864:
374:
594:, "the variants Hind and Sind were used, as synonyms, for the entire subcontinent." The 10th century text
543:
333:
211:
1303:
1301:
688:
existed side by side with the wider meaning, and some of the authors used both of them simultaneously.
480:
472:
2353:
Story of India through the Ages; An Entertaining History of Hindustan, to the Suppression of the Mutiny
542:
Early Persian scholars had limited knowledge of the extent of India. After the advent of Islam and the
2464:
1661:, from Peshawar to the shores of the Ocean, and in the other direction from Siwistan to the hills of
735:
484:
418:
414:
394:
341:
104:
2339:
A Sketch of the History of Hindustan from the First Muslim Conquest to the Fall of the Mughal Empire
2355:, by Flora Annie Steel, 1909 E.P. Dutton and Co., New York. (as recommended by the New York Times;
1655:. National Indian Association in Aid of Social Progress and Education in India. 1887. p. 292.
951:
894:
707:
605:
459:
452:
366:
310:
163:
128:
120:
92:
2104:
1681:
Land of Hindus? Mohan Bhagwat, Narendra Modi and the Sangh Parivar are using 'Hindustan' all wrong
2291:
1635:
1570:
1239:
1001:
999:
997:
843:
398:
390:
132:
1551:
Ali, M. Athar (January 1996), "The Evolution of the Perception of India: Akbar and Abu'l Fazl",
2370:
2314:
2258:
2219:
2193:
2163:
2155:
2138:
2054:
1940:
1909:
1897:
1858:
1828:
1793:
1745:
1594:
1425:
1399:
1369:
1231:
1190:
1160:
1109:
981:
883:
860:
852:
358:
187:
100:
96:
80:
2044:
1930:
1852:
1489:
1419:
1334:
1319:
1043:"In Other Spaces: Contestations of National Identity in "New" India's Globalized Mediascapes"
2310:
2283:
2181:
2132:
1739:
1627:
1562:
1393:
1223:
1054:
739:
199:
43:
2233:
1901:
1709:
1136:
926:
696:
681:
665:
428:
302:
88:
48:
931:
620:
were used within the subcontinent with exactly this meaning, along with their adjectives
328:, was previously used by the Arabs to refer to the much wider Indianised region from the
487:—use different scripts. The Hindi register itself derives its name from shortened form,
150:
The two terms are used synonymously in Hindi-Urdu. Hindustan was also commonly spelt as
2378:
2360:
1994:
1982:
1970:
1848:
1808:
1307:
1020:
936:
817:
812:
731:
273:
656:
With the Turko-Persian conquests starting in the 11th century, an accurate meaning of
174:
2423:
2271:
2050:
1243:
872:
797:
768:
756:
752:
703:
596:
464:
436:
410:
2156:"Hindi/Hindwi in Medieval Times: Aspects of Evolution and Recognition of a Language"
2324:
2243:
2207:
2173:
2064:
1868:
918:
718:
645:
633:
250:
223:
1268:
1005:
848:
157:
2304:
2252:
2237:
1588:
1103:
796:
means India, in the native parlance it had come to represent the region north of
2151:
1613:
1395:
Partition: The story of Indian independence and the creation of Pakistan in 1947
946:
357:"Hindustan" is often an informal and colloquial term to refer to the modern-day
242:
179:
124:
112:
52:
2287:
1696:
1692:
1520:
There are examples to show that "Hind" and "Sind", have been used as synonyms.
1227:
908:
533:
515:
511:
500:
2405:
2392:
1235:
1100:"Hind: The Geography of India according to the Medieaeval Muslim Geographers"
1059:
1042:
27:
Historic and geographic term for the whole or part of the Indian subcontinent
2381:
2349:
The English Historical Review, Vol. 2, No. 5 (Jan. 1887), pp. 180–181.)
2189:
1932:
Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765-1843
1695:
at Encyclopædia Iranica Vol. XII, Fasc. 3, pp. 311-312, available online at
712:
669:
468:
421:
were centered around this region who formally called their realm Hindustan.
699:
was referred to as "Hindustani" troops, who were attacked by the "Hindus".
344:
was referred to as "Hindustani" troops, who were attacked by the "Hindus".
1908:(2014 Reprint ed.). Kathmandu: Shree Krishna Acharya. pp. 4, 5.
17:
898:
641:
609:
559:
370:
291:
266:
246:
227:
1657:
Again Hasan Nizami of Nisha-pur, about A.D. 1220, writes: "The whole of
1616:(July 1997), "The Formation of India: Notes on the History of an Idea",
1451:
Encyclopaedia Britannica: a new survey of universal knowledge, Volume 11
1065:"Hindustan," or the land of the Hindus, is another Hindi name for India.
336:. But eventually it too became identified with the Indian subcontinent.
2295:
1639:
1574:
749:
519:
402:
282:
was added, indicative of a country or region, forming the present word
269:, the term "Hindu" was also applied to the lands to the east of Indus.
119:) during the ancient era, but was later extended to refer to northern
2088:
2076:
2018:
2006:
1958:
1292:
879:
805:
760:
692:
677:
673:
664:, ignoring the rest of the subcontinent. In the early 11th century a
582:(the lands to the east of the Indus River); other sources state that
329:
238:
84:
1631:
1566:
1490:
Ray & Chattopadhyaya, A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization (2000)
1335:
Ray & Chattopadhyaya, A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization (2000)
1320:
Ray & Chattopadhyaya, A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization (2000)
821:("Anthem of the People of Hind") was a popular patriotic song among
2346:
522:. North-west of it lies Kabul, Ghazni and Qandahar. Dihlī is held (
139:
continues to be used to the present day as a historic name for the
2212:
The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization
941:
847:
801:
648:, and in the other direction from Siwistan to the hills of Chin."
476:
440:
406:
278:
258:
191:
183:
173:
140:
116:
2369:, Ed. B.S. Danniya and Alexander Dow. 2003, Motilal Banarsidass,
759:
over his reign and refer to his country as being inhabitable for
467:
of the northern Indian subcontinent. Hindustani derives from the
2030:
1133:
Shaikh Ayaz International Conference – Language & Literature
2160:
The Varied Facets of History: Essays in Honour of Aniruddha Ray
2115:
340:"Hind" referred to the rest of India. For example, the army of
1995:
Mukherjee, The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent (1989)
1983:
Mukherjee, The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent (1989)
1971:
Mukherjee, The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent (1989)
1809:
Mukherjee, The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent (1989)
1308:
Mukherjee, The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent (1989)
1280:
1256:
1021:
Mukherjee, The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent (1989)
755:. The self proclamation was done to enforce Hindu social code
1102:, in B. Lewis; V. L. Ménage; Ch. Pellat; J. Schacht (eds.),
590:
were used synonymously from early times, and that after the
510:). On the north it has mountains that connect with those of
162:
and "India proper" have denoted a similar expanse (northern
127:). It finally referred to the entire subcontinent since the
2251:
Ray, Niharranjan; Chattopadhyaya, Brajadulal, eds. (2000),
1798:. Haskell House Publishers. p. 141. GGKEY:N230TU9P9E1.
867:
demanded sovereignty for the Muslim-majority areas in the
771:) and called the region infiltrated by Muslim foreigners.
612:, the present day Assam. For the next ten centuries, both
1269:
Sharma, On Hindu, Hindustan, Hinduism and Hindutva (2002)
1006:
Sharma, On Hindu, Hindustan, Hinduism and Hindutva (2002)
309:
got gradually extended to "more or less the whole of the
182:
basin system, from the Indus' upper course and origin in
1159:(13, illustrated ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 276.
537:, A. S. Beveridge, trans., vol. 1, sec. iii: 'Hindustan'
1501:
1349:
784:
meant the Mughal Empire, called his French translation
748:(Real Hindustan) due to North India being ruled by the
290:, or "Indus land" in the Naqsh-e-Rustam inscription of
2274:(2002). "On Hindu, Hindustan, Hinduism and Hindutva".
1473:
Sociolinguistic perspective of Hindi and Urdu in India
1216:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
241:. It was said to be the "fifteenth domain" created by
1854:
Medieval Indian Mindscapes: Space, Time, Society, Man
313:". The Greco-Roman name "India" and the Chinese name
1824:
The Delhi Sultanate:A Political and Military History
1421:
Explaining Pakistan's foreign policy: escaping India
1387:
1385:
1365:
The Delhi Sultanate:A Political and Military History
245:, apparently a land of 'abnormal heat'. In 515 BCE,
2367:
The History of Hindustan: Post Classical and Modern
1593:, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, pp. 98–99,
2116:"'India, that is Bharat…': One Country, Two Names"
1906:Badamaharaj Prithivi Narayan Shah ko Divya Upadesh
562:) to the Indonesian archipelago, in their idea of
566:, especially when used in its expansive form as "
526:) to be the capital of the whole of Hindustan...
305:states that from the lower Indus basin, the term
276:, probably from the first century CE, the suffix
154:in English. Historically, the terms "Hindustan",
1733:
1731:
504:
222:occurred between 850 and 600 BCE, according to
1105:The Encyclopedia of Islam, Volume III (H–IRAM)
111:, it originally referred to the land of lower
2306:Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World
2186:Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices
2120:South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal
1787:
1785:
1178:
1176:
95:, and used in the modern day to refer to the
91:, historically used to refer to the northern
8:
2239:The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent
2158:. In Ishrat Alam; Syed Ejaz Hussain (eds.).
2089:Clémentin-Ojha, India, that is Bharat (2014)
2077:Clémentin-Ojha, India, that is Bharat (2014)
2019:Clémentin-Ojha, India, that is Bharat (2014)
2007:Clémentin-Ojha, India, that is Bharat (2014)
1959:Clémentin-Ojha, India, that is Bharat (2014)
1293:Habib, Hindi/Hindwi in Medieval Times (2011)
2242:. Place Names Society of India – via
1738:Yule, Henry; Burnell, Arthur Coke (1996) ,
1697:http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hindu
1345:
1343:
1148:
1146:
971:
969:
967:
578:(roughly what is now western Pakistan) and
1741:Hobson-Jobson: The Anglo-Indian Dictionary
1675:
1673:
435:whose ancestors came from the present-day
1590:India — Studies in the History of an Idea
1516:Pakistan movement and Hindi-Urdu conflict
1189:(annotated ed.). BRILL. p. 82.
1058:
1047:Journalism & Communication Monographs
833:(the best of all lands is our Hindustan)
1884:Parties And Politics At The Mughal Court
38:
2046:India Since 1947: The Independent Years
2031:Dhulipala, Creating a New Medina (2015)
1424:. New York: Routledge. pp. 14–15.
1093:
1091:
963:
897:use the salutary version of the name, "
1514:Fatiḥpūrī, Dildār ʻAlī Farmān (1987).
1398:, Simon & Schuster UK, p. 5,
393:for Indian people largely used in the
1281:Parpola, The Roots of Hinduism (2015)
1257:Parpola, The Roots of Hinduism (2015)
1210:Grierson, George A. (February 1933).
855:, which was issued on 15 August 1947.
792:published in 1886 states that, while
763:. He also referred Northern India as
463:is the language of Hindustan and the
146:The Arabic equivalent of the term is
7:
1771:), and all south of the Nerbudda as
1536:. University of Karachi. p. 1.
1016:
1014:
830:Sāre jahāṉ se acchā Hindustān hamārā
558:in western Balochistan (near modern
2254:A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization
1653:The Indian Magazine, Issues 193-204
1041:Goel, Koeli Moitra (2 March 2018).
550:interacted with its Arabic variant
479:areas. Its literary standard forms—
317:also followed a similar evolution.
2162:. Primus Books. pp. 105–124.
2114:Clémentin-Ojha, Catherine (2014).
1475:. Bahri Publications. p. 37.
1081:. Medical Hall Press. p. 15.
1023:, p. 46: "They used the name
738:self proclaimed the newly unified
680:was called "Hindustan". After the
233:(the land of seven rivers) became
25:
286:. Thus, Sindh was referred to as
1795:A History of Sanskrit Literature
1532:Qureshi, Ishtiaq Husain (1965).
911:
632:. Indeed, in 1220 CE, historian
592:arrival of Islamic rule in India
2445:Urdu-language words and phrases
2359:Book Review, 20 February 1909,
1792:Macdonnell, Arthur A. (1968) .
265:in Persian. During the time of
2137:, Cambridge University Press,
1827:. Cambridge University Press.
1693:J. T. P. de Bruijn, art. HINDU
1502:Wink, Al-Hind, Volume 1 (2002)
1392:White-Spunner, Barney (2017),
1368:. Cambridge University Press.
1350:Wink, Al-Hind, Volume 1 (2002)
198:Hindustan is derived from the
1:
1683:, Scroll.in, 30 October 2017.
888:Constituent Assembly of India
882:. They insisted that the new
295:
2435:Demographic history of India
1857:. Primus Books. p. 47.
1518:. Sang-e-Meel Publications.
1471:Beg, Mirzā K̲h̲alīl (1996).
978:Mapping Place Names of India
1937:University of Chicago Press
786:La Carte générale de l'Inde
2481:
2131:Dhulipala, Venkat (2015),
1929:Edney, Matthew H. (2009),
1449:Ashmore, Harry S. (1961).
1183:Christine Everaer (2010).
1108:(Second ed.), Brill,
1077:Śivaprasāda, Rājā (1874).
841:
450:
206:cognate with the Sanskrit
32:Hindustan (disambiguation)
29:
2450:Bengali words and phrases
2440:Persian words and phrases
2430:Cultural history of India
2288:10.1163/15685270252772759
2234:Mukherjee, Bratindra Nath
1534:The Struggle for Pakistan
1228:10.1017/S0041977X00105889
1212:"Hindustan and Hindostan"
1098:Ahmad, S. Maqbul (1986),
397:languages ever since the
2043:Sabharwal, Gopa (2007),
1882:Chandra, Satish (1959).
1129:"Sindh: An Introduction"
1060:10.1177/1522637917750131
980:. Taylor & Francis.
186:to its lower course and
2455:Hindi words and phrases
2216:Oxford University Press
2109:Encyclopedia Britannica
1744:, Wordsworth Editions,
1714:Encyclopædia Britannica
1455:Encyclopædia Britannica
865:All-India Muslim League
790:Anglo-Indian Dictionary
324:, derived from Persian
1821:Peter Jackson (2003).
1699:, Retrieved 6 May 2016
1418:Pande, Aparna (2011).
1362:Peter Jackson (2003).
1079:A History of Hindustan
856:
726:Kingdom of Nepal usage
528:
413:) because much of the
334:Indonesian archipelago
195:
57:
2406:23.99444°N 67.43083°E
2303:Wink, André (2002) .
2134:Creating a New Medina
2053:Limited, p. 12,
2033:, pp. 17–18, 22.
1153:Sarina Singh (2009).
851:
775:Colonial Indian usage
644:to the shores of the
481:Modern Standard Hindi
473:Western Uttar Pradesh
409:and west and central
177:
42:
2257:, Orient Blackswan,
901:", as a battle cry.
736:Prithvi Narayan Shah
676:with its capital at
485:Modern Standard Urdu
373:, and his party the
342:Ghiyas ud din Balban
30:For other uses, see
2402: /
2091:, paragraphs 42–45.
1156:Lonely Planet India
976:Kapur, Anu (2019).
952:Northern South Asia
895:Indian Armed Forces
823:Indian independence
708:Indian subcontinent
606:Indian subcontinent
460:Hindustani language
453:Hindustani language
367:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
261:, which was called
164:Indian subcontinent
129:early modern period
123:(including eastern
121:Indian subcontinent
93:Indian subcontinent
2460:Toponyms for India
2411:23.99444; 67.43083
2309:(Third ed.).
1898:Naraharinath, Yogi
1139:on 20 October 2007
857:
844:Partition of India
838:Partition of India
508:muḥiṭ-daryā-sī-gha
415:Persianate culture
257:, the present day
196:
133:Partition of India
58:
2357:Flora Annie Steel
2264:978-81-250-1871-1
2169:978-93-80607-16-0
2144:978-1-107-05212-3
2060:978-93-5214-089-3
1946:978-0-226-18486-9
1915:978-99933-912-1-0
1864:978-93-80607-19-1
1751:978-1-85326-363-7
1600:978-81-215-1152-0
1405:978-1-4711-4802-6
1115:978-90-04-12756-2
987:978-0-429-61421-7
884:Dominion of India
871:and northeast of
861:Lahore Resolution
853:Jai Hind postmark
710:is also found in
546:, the meaning of
495:Historical usages
369:, the founder of
359:Republic of India
353:Republic of India
141:Republic of India
97:Republic of India
81:historical region
16:(Redirected from
2472:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2328:
2299:
2267:
2247:
2229:
2203:
2177:
2147:
2127:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1902:Acharya, Baburam
1894:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1789:
1780:
1754:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1706:
1700:
1690:
1684:
1679:Shoaib Daniyal,
1677:
1668:
1667:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1619:Social Scientist
1610:
1604:
1603:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1554:Social Scientist
1548:
1542:
1541:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1389:
1380:
1379:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1338:
1332:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1135:, archived from
1125:
1119:
1118:
1095:
1086:
1085:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1038:
1032:
1018:
1009:
1003:
992:
991:
973:
921:
916:
915:
914:
740:Kingdom of Nepal
544:Muslim conquests
538:
320:The Arabic term
297:
78:
77:
76:
75:
73:
44:Alvin J. Johnson
21:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2420:
2419:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2335:
2333:Further reading
2321:
2302:
2270:
2265:
2250:
2232:
2226:
2206:
2200:
2180:
2170:
2150:
2145:
2130:
2113:
2101:
2099:General sources
2096:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2079:, paragraph 39.
2075:
2071:
2061:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2021:, paragraph 26.
2017:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1865:
1849:Vanina, Eugenia
1847:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1791:
1790:
1783:
1752:
1737:
1736:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1691:
1687:
1678:
1671:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1632:10.2307/3517600
1612:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1567:10.2307/3520120
1550:
1549:
1545:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1457:. p. 579.
1448:
1447:
1443:
1432:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1341:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1019:
1012:
1004:
995:
988:
975:
974:
965:
960:
927:Names for India
917:
912:
910:
907:
846:
840:
835:
832:
818:Tarānah-e-Hindī
777:
728:
697:Delhi Sultanate
682:Delhi Sultanate
666:satellite state
654:
640:as being "from
604:as roughly the
540:
530:
503:
497:
455:
449:
429:Indo-Surinamese
389:is an informal
383:
355:
350:
303:B. N. Mukherjee
172:
103:cognate of the
71:
69:
68:
67:
66:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2478:
2476:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2422:
2421:
2386:
2385:
2379:Mughal Emperor
2364:
2361:New York Times
2350:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2319:
2300:
2272:Sharma, Arvind
2268:
2263:
2248:
2230:
2225:978-0190226923
2224:
2204:
2198:
2182:Lipner, Julius
2178:
2168:
2148:
2143:
2128:
2111:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2081:
2069:
2059:
2035:
2023:
2011:
2009:, paragraph 1.
1999:
1997:, p. 133.
1987:
1975:
1963:
1961:, paragraph 3.
1951:
1945:
1939:, p. 11,
1921:
1914:
1889:
1874:
1863:
1840:
1833:
1813:
1811:, p. 132.
1801:
1781:
1750:
1727:
1701:
1685:
1669:
1644:
1605:
1599:
1579:
1561:(1/3): 80–88,
1543:
1524:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1463:
1441:
1431:978-0415599009
1430:
1410:
1404:
1381:
1374:
1354:
1339:
1337:, p. 555.
1324:
1322:, p. 553.
1312:
1297:
1295:, p. 105.
1285:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1222:(1): 257–260.
1202:
1195:
1172:
1165:
1142:
1120:
1114:
1087:
1069:
1033:
1010:
993:
986:
962:
961:
959:
956:
955:
954:
949:
944:
939:
937:Bharata Khanda
934:
929:
923:
922:
906:
903:
842:Main article:
839:
836:
827:
813:Mohammad Iqbal
776:
773:
745:Asal Hindustan
727:
724:
653:
650:
499:
498:
496:
493:
451:Main article:
448:
445:
433:Indo-Mauritian
382:
379:
354:
351:
349:
346:
274:middle Persian
231:sapta sindhava
171:
168:
89:name for India
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2477:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2418:
2415:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2375:81-208-1993-4
2372:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2208:Parpola, Asko
2205:
2201:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2090:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2052:
2051:Penguin Books
2048:
2047:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1988:
1985:, p. 48.
1984:
1979:
1976:
1973:, p. 71.
1972:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1925:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1834:9780521543293
1830:
1826:
1825:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1759:, n.p. Pers.
1758:
1753:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1626:(7/8): 3–10,
1625:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1539:subcontinent.
1535:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1492:, p. 17.
1491:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1375:9780521543293
1371:
1367:
1366:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1310:, p. 46.
1309:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1203:
1198:
1196:9789004177314
1192:
1188:
1187:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1166:9781741791518
1162:
1158:
1157:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
989:
983:
979:
972:
970:
968:
964:
957:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
920:
909:
904:
902:
900:
896:
891:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
873:British India
870:
866:
862:
854:
850:
845:
837:
834:
831:
826:
824:
820:
819:
814:
809:
807:
803:
799:
798:Narmada River
795:
791:
787:
783:
774:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:Dharmashastra
754:
753:Mughal rulers
751:
747:
746:
741:
737:
733:
725:
723:
721:
720:
715:
714:
709:
705:
704:Mughal Empire
700:
698:
694:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
651:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
598:
597:Hudud al-Alam
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
539:
536:
535:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
502:
494:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:lingua franca
462:
461:
454:
446:
444:
442:
438:
437:Uttar Pradesh
434:
430:
426:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
380:
378:
376:
375:Muslim League
372:
368:
364:
363:company names
360:
352:
348:Current usage
347:
345:
343:
337:
335:
332:coast to the
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
229:
226:. Hence, the
225:
221:
217:
214:sound change
213:
212:Proto-Iranian
209:
205:
201:
193:
189:
185:
181:
178:A map of the
176:
169:
167:
165:
161:
159:
153:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:(present-day
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
74:
72:pronunciation
64:
63:
55:
54:
53:British India
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2387:
2366:
2352:
2338:
2325:Google Books
2323:– via
2305:
2279:
2275:
2253:
2244:Google Books
2238:
2211:
2185:
2174:Google Books
2172:– via
2159:
2152:Habib, Irfan
2133:
2123:
2119:
2084:
2072:
2065:Google Books
2063:– via
2045:
2038:
2026:
2014:
2002:
1990:
1978:
1966:
1954:
1931:
1924:
1905:
1892:
1883:
1877:
1869:Google Books
1867:– via
1853:
1843:
1823:
1816:
1804:
1794:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1740:
1718:. Retrieved
1704:
1688:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1623:
1617:
1614:Habib, Irfan
1608:
1589:
1582:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1458:
1450:
1444:
1435:
1420:
1413:
1394:
1364:
1357:
1315:
1288:
1283:, Chapter 1.
1276:
1271:, p. 2.
1264:
1259:, Chapter 9.
1252:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1185:
1155:
1137:the original
1132:
1123:
1104:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1064:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1008:, p. 3.
977:
919:India portal
892:
877:
858:
829:
828:
816:
810:
793:
789:
785:
781:
778:
767:(Country of
764:
744:
743:
729:
719:Ain-i-Akbari
717:
711:
701:
690:
685:
661:
657:
655:
637:
634:Hasan Nizami
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
601:
595:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
555:
551:
547:
541:
532:
529:
523:
507:
505:
488:
471:language of
458:
456:
424:
423:
386:
384:
356:
338:
325:
321:
319:
314:
311:subcontinent
306:
300:
287:
283:
277:
271:
262:
254:
251:Indus Valley
249:annexed the
234:
230:
224:Asko Parpola
219:
215:
207:
203:
197:
155:
151:
147:
145:
136:
131:. Since the
108:
99:. Being the
61:
60:
59:
47:
36:
2465:North India
2409: /
2343:H. G. Keene
2282:(1): 1–36.
1716:, Inc. 2007
1710:"Hindustan"
1053:(1): 4–73.
947:River Indus
825:activists.
652:North India
427:is used by
243:Ahura Mazda
235:hapta hindu
180:Indus River
125:Afghanistan
113:Indus basin
2424:Categories
2397:67°25′51″E
2394:23°59′40″N
2320:0391041738
2199:0415051827
958:References
800:excluding
670:Ghaznavids
636:described
626:Hindustani
534:Babur Nama
516:Kafiristan
512:Hindu-Kush
501:Babur Nama
443:in India.
425:Hindustani
399:Persianate
395:Indo-Aryan
387:Hindustani
301:Historian
253:including
46:'s map of
18:Hindoostan
2382:Aurangzeb
2347:Hindustan
2190:Routledge
2105:Hindustan
1761:Hindūstan
1757:Hindostan
1244:176975272
1236:1474-0699
1029:Hindustan
1025:Hindustan
932:Āryāvarta
869:northwest
859:The 1940
794:Hindustan
782:Hindustan
730:The last
713:Baburnama
686:Hindustan
662:Hindustan
658:Hindustan
618:Hindustan
602:Hindustan
572:Hindustan
548:Hindustan
491:(India).
469:Old Hindi
385:The term
307:Hindūstān
288:Hindūstān
284:Hindūstān
170:Etymology
158:Aryāvarta
152:Hindostan
137:Hindustan
135:in 1947,
62:Hindūstān
49:Hindostan
2236:(1989).
2210:(2015).
2184:(1998).
2154:(2011).
1904:(2014).
1851:(2012).
1478:native'.
905:See also
899:Jai Hind
815:'s poem
732:Gorkhali
642:Peshawar
610:Kamarupa
600:defined
560:Chabahar
524:aīrīmīsh
447:Language
371:Pakistan
298:262 CE.
292:Shapur I
247:Darius I
228:Rigvedic
87:, and a
79:) was a
2296:3270470
1640:3517600
1575:3520120
863:of the
769:Mughals
765:Mughlan
750:Islamic
672:in the
668:of the
622:Hindawi
568:Al-Hind
520:Kashmir
403:Haryana
391:endonym
315:Shen-tu
237:in the
200:Persian
2373:
2317:
2294:
2261:
2222:
2196:
2166:
2141:
2057:
1943:
1912:
1861:
1831:
1777:Deccan
1773:Dakhan
1769:Poorub
1748:
1638:
1597:
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