42:
869:
2716:
308:
1248:
1530:
apes, the quadrupeds, and all the animals might be regarded as constituting but a single family", and later "that man and ape have a common origin", and that "the power of nature...with sufficient time, she has been able from a single being to derive all the other organized beings". Mayr notes, however, that Buffon immediately rejects the suggestion and offers three arguments against it, namely that no new species have arisen in historical times; that
236:. It includes all the knowledge available in his time on the "natural sciences", a broad term that includes disciplines which today would be called material science, physics, chemistry and technology. Buffon notes the morphological similarities between men and apes, although he considered apes completely devoid of the ability to think, differentiating them sharply from human beings. Buffon's attention to internal anatomy made him an early
543:
610:
1517:, Buffon dealt in a stimulating manner with almost all the problems that would subsequently be raised by evolutionists. Written in a brilliant style, this work was read in French or in one of the numerous translations by every educated person in Europe". Mayr argued that "virtually all the well-known writers of the Enlightenment" were "Buffonians", and calls Buffon "the father of all thought in
593:
wolves sometimes eat nothing else. Measurements may be included; in the case of the wolf, 41 separate measurements are tabulated, in pre-revolutionary French feet and inches starting with the "Length of the whole body measured in a straight line from the end of the muzzle to the anus........3 feet. 7 inches." (1.2 m); the "Length of the largest claws" is given as "10 lines" (2.2 cm).
205:
1444:"Buffon's major work", observing that "In addressing the history of the earth, Buffon also broke with the 'counter-factual' tradition of Descartes, and presented a secular and realist account of the origins of the earth and its life forms." In its view, the work created an "age of Buffon", defining what natural history itself was, while Buffon's "Discourse on Method" (unlike that of
1344:
1420:
515:
833:
817:
801:
785:
527:
503:
698:
1050:
733:
illustrations, were made at the end of the eighteenth century and the start of the nineteenth century, presenting a complicated publication history. Early translations were necessarily only of the earlier volumes. Given the complexity, all catalogue dates other than of single volumes should be taken as approximate.
562:), but becoming crafty at need, and hardy by necessity, driven by hunger. The language, as in this instance, is elegant and elaborate, even "flowery and ornate". Buffon was roundly criticised by his fellow academics for writing a "purely popularizing work, empty and puffed up, with little real scientific value".
1529:
forced him to avoid writing some of his opinions openly. Mayr argues however that Buffon was "fully aware of the possibility of 'common descent', and was perhaps the first author ever to articulate it clearly", quoting Buffon at length, starting with "Not only the ass and the horse, but also man, the
693:
in duodecimo format (1752–1805), occupying 90 or 71 volumes, depending on whether or not they included the part on anatomy. In this print format, the original work by Buffon occupied 73 volumes with the part on anatomy, or 54 volumes without the part on anatomy. The continuation by Lacépède took up
1476:
from a fixed or universal class (which could not change, by definition) to "the historical succession of ancestor and descendant linked by material connection through generation", identified by the ability to mate and produce fertile offspring. Thus the horse and donkey, which produce only sterile
1489:
that the ideas themselves are almost hidden", observing that this was also the contemporary academic opinion. She notes that some quite radical ideas are to be found in his work, but they are almost invisible, given the language they are cloaked in. She quotes Buffon's dramatic description of the
744:
published an edition in
Edinburgh between 1780 and 1785. T. Cadell and W. Davies published another edition in London in 1812. An abridged edition was published by Wogan, Byrne et al. in Dublin in 1791; that same year R. Morison and Son of Perth, J. and J. Fairbairn of Edinburgh and T. Kay and C.
592:
The text is written as a continuous essay, without the sections on identification, distribution and behaviour that might have been expected from other natural histories. Parts concern human responses rather than the animal itself, as for example that the wolf likes human flesh, and the strongest
732:
was translated into languages including
English, German, Swedish, Russian and Italian. Many translations, often partial (single volumes, or all volumes to a certain date), abridged, reprinted in the same translation by different printers, or with additional text (for example on insects) and new
1402:
Church teaching. Buffon replied that he believed firmly in the biblical account of creation, and was able to continue printing his book, and remain in position as the leader of the 'old school', complete with his job as director of the royal botanical garden. On Buffon's death, the 19-year-old
1490:
lion, which along with the engraving in her view "emphasized both the lion's regal bearing and personality not only in his text but also in the illustration... A reader was left in no doubt as to the importance and character of the animal." She concludes "No wonder the cultured
753:
in ten volumes was published in London between 1797 and 1807. W. Davidson published an abridged version including the natural history of insects taken from
Swammerdam, Brookes, Goldsmith et al., with "elegant engravings on wood"; its four volumes appeared in Alnwick in 1814.
1363:, Volume XXXIV) that the Earth was more than 6,000 years old and that mountains had arisen in geological time. Buffon cites as evidence that fossil sea-shells had been found at the tops of mountains; but the claim was seen as contradicting the biblical account in the
628:
by Buffon comprised 36 volumes in quarto, divided into the following series: Histoire de la Terre et de l'Homme, Quadrupèdes, Oiseaux, Minéraux, Suppléments. Buffon edited 35 volumes in his lifetime. Soon after his death, the fifth and final volume of
681:
in 36 volumes (1774–1804). It consisted of 28 volumes by Buffon, and 8 volumes by Lacépède. The part containing anatomical articles by Louis Jean-Marie
Daubenton was dropped. The supplements were merged into the relevant articles in the main volumes.
365:
1524:
Mayr notes that Buffon was not an "evolutionist", but was certainly responsible for creating the great amount of interest in natural history in France. He agrees that Buffon's thought is hard to classify and even self-contradictory, and that the
41:
1358:
had a distinctly mixed reception in the eighteenth century. Wealthy homes in both
England and France purchased copies, and the first edition was sold out within six weeks. But Buffon was criticised by some priests for suggesting (in the essay
1448:) at the start of the work argued that repeated observation could lead to a greater certainty of knowledge even than "mathematical analysis of nature". Buffon also led natural history away from the
1554:
526:
596:
The wolf is illustrated standing in farmland, and as a complete skeleton standing on a stone plinth in a landscape. The account of the species occupies 32 pages including illustrations.
263:
among animals. It is accompanied by some discourses and a theory of the earth by way of introduction, and by supplements including an elegantly written account of the epochs of nature.
816:
514:
832:
800:
757:
German translations include those published by Joseph Georg
Trassler 1784–1785; by Pauli, 1772–1829; Grund and Holle, 1750–1775; and Johann Samuel Heinsius, 1756–1782.
232:
in his office in the Tour Saint-Louis, then in his library at Petit
Fontenet. 36 volumes came out between 1749 and 1789, followed by 8 more after his death, thanks to
2423:
489:
293:
906:
888:
502:
1477:
hybrids, are seen empirically not to be the same species, even though they have similar anatomy. That empirical fact leaves open the possibility of evolution.
453:
Buffon was assisted in the work by
Jacques-François Artur (1708–1779), Gabriel Léopold Charles Amé Bexon (1748–1785), Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton (1716–1799),
558:
begins with the claim that it is one of the animals with a specially strong appetite for flesh; it asserts that the animal is naturally coarse and cowardly (
2645:
2002:
784:
770:
A Russian version (The
General and Particular Natural History by Count Buffon; "Всеобщая и частная естественная история графа Бюффона") was brought out by
554:
Each group is introduced with a general essay. This is followed by an article, sometimes of many pages, on each animal (or other item). The article on the
1793:
1770:
2715:
2114:
1383:(1749), the concept of species was entirely artificial, the only real entity in nature being the individual; as for a taxonomy based on the number of
2781:
2806:
2401:
2167:
565:
The species is named in Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish, German, English, Swedish, and Polish. The zoological descriptions of the species by
2791:
2786:
2523:
1437:
285:
2750:
645:
which dealt with animals. A few months before Buffon's death, in 1788, Lacépède published, as a continuation, the first volume of his
466:
349:
289:
2266:
2081:
1747:
1714:
1619:
2413:
1472:
that species might "transform", but initially (1753) rejected the possibility. However, in doing so he changed the definition of a
613:
431:
233:
170:
1183:
Servant de suite à la Théorie de la Terre, et de préliminaire à l’Histoire des Végétaux - Parties Expérimentale & Hypothétique
868:
2592:
920:
2776:
2755:
2734:
746:
225:
209:
166:
55:
2796:
2657:
745:
Forster of London published their edition. W. Strahan and T. Cadell published a translation with notes by the encyclopaedist
716:
in 10 folio and quarto volumes, with 1008 engraved and hand-coloured plates, executed under Buffon's personal supervision by
2394:
2107:
474:
470:
353:
326:
2465:
2278:
771:
1534:
firmly separates species; and that animals intermediate between, say, the horse and the donkey are not seen (in the
2744:
2435:
1725:
857:
301:
281:
2489:
2470:
2379:
2499:
2100:
1394:
The Paris faculty of theology, acting as the official censor, wrote to Buffon with a list of statements in the
740:
in London in 1762. T. Bell published a translation of the first six volumes in London between 1775 and 1776.
2640:
2332:
2189:
853:
173:. The books cover what was known of the "natural sciences" at the time, including what would now be called
2730:
2582:
2530:
2447:
760:
Italian translations include those published by
Fratelle Bassaglia around 1788 and Boringherieri in 1959.
641:
by Buffon was published posthumously in 1789 through Lacépède's hands. Lacépède continued the part of the
165:) is an encyclopaedic collection of 36 large (quarto) volumes written between 1749–1804, initially by the
478:
2801:
2607:
2511:
2506:
2442:
2369:
237:
329:
illustrated the birds. Nearly 2000 plates adorn the work, representing animals with care given both to
1732:, Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Tome Onzième, Tourneisen Fils libraire, Paris, 1808, p.1-39.
307:
2587:
2540:
2307:
2196:
1507:
1053:
717:
454:
427:
109:
1979:
1407:
celebrated with the words "This time, the Comte de Buffon is dead and buried". Soon afterwards, the
1391:
in a flower, mere counting (despite Buffon's own training in mathematics) had no bearing on nature.
649:, on egg-laying quadrupeds. The next year, he wrote a second volume on snakes, published during the
2635:
2140:
1247:
658:
578:
1952:
532:
Table of contents for a 1774 edition of volume 1 of "Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière"
430:
in 36 volumes (1749–1789). In 1764 Buffon bought back the rights to his work. It was continued by
2664:
2572:
2535:
2518:
2155:
1925:
1907:
1880:
1862:
1531:
1460:. He thus offered both a new methodology and an empirical style of enquiry. Buffon's position on
2482:
458:
322:
315:
65:
483:
2740:
2327:
2221:
2201:
2174:
2077:
1843:
1820:
1710:
1709:, Volume III, Presses Polytechniques et Universitaires Romandes, Lausanne, 1994, pp. 101–110.
1615:
1453:
1408:
1372:
1347:
650:
1588:, Tome Quatorzième ("Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupèdes" XI), Imprimerie royale, Paris, 1766.
763:
Per Olof Gravander translated an 1802–1803 French abridgement into Swedish, publishing it in
240:. "L’intérieur, dans les êtres vivants, est le fond du dessin de la nature", he wrote in his
2614:
2562:
2547:
2352:
2246:
1449:
174:
2035:
1411:
went much further in sweeping away old attitudes to natural history, along with much else.
669:, by Buffon and Lacépède, thus contained 44 quarto volumes forming the definitive edition.
609:
542:
2686:
2362:
2273:
2251:
2241:
2184:
2123:
2071:
1937:
1892:
1660:
1601:, Tome Treizième ("Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupèdes" X), Imprimerie royale, Paris, 1765.
1518:
1364:
520:
Frontispiece of 1774 edition of volume 1 of "Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière"
190:
157:
76:
493:
345:
1691:
1677:
1630:
2696:
2494:
2477:
2347:
2337:
2261:
2256:
2226:
1495:
1404:
1399:
775:
741:
566:
1173:
Servant de suite à la Théorie de la Terre, et d’introduction à l’Histoire des Minéraux
2770:
2679:
2674:
2602:
2567:
2552:
2430:
2418:
2357:
2236:
1535:
1368:
574:
375:
L’Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière, avec la description du cabinet du Roi
98:
2652:
2384:
2374:
2320:
2315:
2162:
1599:
Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière, avec la description du Cabinet du Roi
1586:
Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière, avec la description du Cabinet du Roi
1491:
1486:
1424:
222:
Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière, avec la description du Cabinet du Roi
149:
Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière, avec la description du Cabinet du Roi
34:
Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière, avec la description du Cabinet du Roi
17:
163:
Natural History, General and Particular, with a Description of the King's Cabinet
2557:
2342:
2292:
2213:
1526:
251:, which was meant to address the whole of natural history, actually covers only
169:, and continued in eight more volumes after his death by his colleagues, led by
228:(1707–1788) is remembered for. He worked on it for some 50 years, initially at
204:
1510:
330:
260:
186:
84:
1847:
1464:
is complex; he noted in Volume 4 from Daubenton's comparative anatomy of the
893:
Premier Discours - De la manière d’étudier et de traiter l’histoire naturelle
2150:
1824:
1461:
1445:
1343:
447:
338:
182:
1953:"The System of Natural History written by M. de Buffon, Carefully Abridged"
1817:
Vseobshchai︠a︡ i chastnai︠a︡ estestvennai︠a︡ istorīi︠a︡ grafa de Bi︠u︡ffona
1326:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1266:
1256:
1228:
1218:
1208:
1198:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1034:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
974:
964:
958:
944:
764:
270:
cover a wide range of topics; for example, in (Suppléments IV), there is a
1565:
were slightly (1.066×) larger than the equivalent British feet and inches.
1419:
508:
1774 edition of volume 1 of "Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière"
2577:
2389:
1457:
570:
435:
252:
229:
80:
244:"the interior, in living things, is the foundation of nature's design."
1473:
462:
370:
334:
178:
1469:
1388:
1384:
1379:(1735). In Buffon's view, expounded in the "Premier Discours" of the
883:
Natural history, and description of the king's cabinet of curiosities
547:
443:
439:
130:
697:
2092:
1465:
1418:
1342:
1246:
1049:
1048:
867:
696:
608:
541:
306:
256:
203:
88:
720:, cousin and brother-in-law of Buffon's principal collaborator.
555:
373:, which came out in the same period. The first three volumes of
311:
2096:
1864:
Natural History, General and Particular, by the Count de Buffon
772:
The Imperial Academy of Sciences (Императорской Академией Наук)
1485:
The botanist Sandra Knapp writes that "Buffon's prose was so
703:"Supplement to Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière."
1161:
Suppléments à l’Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière
736:
R. Griffith published an early translation of the volume on
1241:
Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupèdes ovipares et des Serpents
469:(1741–1819), Philippe Guéneau de Montbeillard (1720–1785),
1261:
Histoire générale et particulière des Quadrupèdes ovipares
2001:
Frängsmyr, Tore; Heilbron, J.L.; Rider, Robin E. (1990).
657:. Lacépède made use of the notes and collections left by
408:
5 volumes on minerals (1783 to 1788), the last including
822:
Table of contents page of a 1792 English translation of
604:
473:(1737–1816), Bernard Germain de Lacépède (1756–1825),
321:
Buffon attached much importance to the illustrations;
1233:
Servant de suite à l'Histoire des Animaux quadrupèdes
1223:
Servant de suite à l'Histoire des Animaux quadrupèdes
1193:
Servant de suite à l'Histoire des Animaux quadrupèdes
550:
pages, with decorative tail-piece illustration (1779)
288:
worked on the birds. They were joined, from 1767, by
677:
Another edition in quarto format was printed by the
2723:
2628:
2458:
2306:
2212:
2139:
2130:
653:. Between 1798 and 1803, he brought out the volume
415:7 volumes of supplements (1774 to 1789), including
412:, the last work published by Buffon in his lifetime
136:
126:
116:
104:
94:
72:
61:
51:
1513:comments that "In this monumental and fascinating
1203:Servant de suite à l'Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme
852:An abridged edition for children was published by
1494:public lapped it up – the text reads more like a
897:Second Discours - Histoire et théorie de la Terre
673:Variations in the editions by Buffon and Lacépède
2009:. University of California Press. pp. 60–61
380:The encyclopaedia appeared in 36 volumes :
2003:"The Broken Circle. The Challenge of Plenitude"
1521:in the second half of the eighteenth century".
605:Buffon's original edition continued by Lacépède
490:Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert Sonnini de Manoncourt
296:. The whole descriptive and anatomical part of
294:Charles-Nicolas-Sigisbert Sonnini de Manoncourt
1243:(Egg-laying Quadrupeds and Snakes) (1788–1789)
879:The original edition was arranged as follows:
838:Preface page of a 1792 English translation of
665:which was printed in 1804. At that point, the
2108:
1742:
1740:
1738:
8:
386:De la manière d’étudier l’histoire naturelle
32:
2646:Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom
1555:The pre-revolutionary units of measurement
27:1749–1804 encyclopedic collection by Buffon
2136:
2115:
2101:
2093:
2007:The Quantifying Spirit in the 18th Century
806:Title page of 1792 English translation of
583:Canis ex griseo flavescens. Lupus vulgaris
356:provided sources for the mineral volumes.
40:
31:
377:were reprinted three times in six weeks.
2297:Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes
1707:Histoire du Développement de la Biologie
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
712:(Birds) (1771–1786) was produced by the
363:met immense success, almost as great as
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
1909:Barr's Buffon. Buffon's Natural History
1867:. Vol. 2. W. Strahan and T. Cadell
1730:Sixième Notice historique sur le Muséum
1584:Buffon, "Nomenclature des Singes ", in
1577:
1547:
780:
498:
402:12 volumes on quadrupeds (1753 to 1767)
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
1933:
1923:
1888:
1878:
1667:. Thames and Hudson. pp. 140–148.
1612:Buffon, un philosophe au Jardin du Roi
344:On minerals, Buffon collaborated with
56:Georges-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon
156:
7:
2524:The Naturalist on the River Amazons
1438:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1153:Traité de l'Aimant et de ses usages
689:also published two editions of the
284:assisted Buffon on the quadrupeds;
46:Title page of the 10th volume, 1763
2036:"The Concept of Evolution to 1872"
949:Discours sur la nature des Animaux
701:Volumes 1-12 of a 1774 edition of
637:. The seventh and final volume of
405:9 volumes on birds (1770 to 1783])
25:
1498:than a dry scientific treatise".
901:Preuves de la théorie de la Terre
2714:
2073:The Growth of Biological Thought
831:
815:
799:
783:
525:
513:
501:
286:Philippe Guéneau de Montbeillard
2756:List of natural history dealers
2424:The Natural History of Selborne
1705:Hendrik Cornelius Dirk De Wit,
1279:Histoire Naturelle des Poissons
1117:Histoire Naturelle des Minéraux
635:Imprimerie des Bâtiments du Roi
467:Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond
354:Louis Bernard Guyton de Morveau
350:Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond
325:illustrated the quadrupeds and
290:Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond
2782:Book series introduced in 1749
2658:Adaptive Coloration in Animals
1614:, Fayard, Paris, 1989, 645 p.
1319:Histoire Naturelle des Cétacés
1043:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
1029:De la dégénération des Animaux
1005:(Quadrupèdes VIII) : 1764
710:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
292:, the abbot Gabriel Bexon and
1:
2807:French-language encyclopedias
2076:. Harvard. pp. 329–337.
1957:Biodiversity Heritage Library
1597:Buffon, "L'Unau et l'Aï", in
1367:. Buffon also disagreed with
1037:(Quadrupèdes XII) : 1767
999:(Quadrupèdes VII) : 1763
929:Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme
925:Description du cabinet du Roi
915:Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme
911:Histoire générale des Animaux
426:was initially printed at the
398:Histoire Naturelle de l’homme
394:Histoire Générale des animaux
337:accuracy, with dreamlike and
278:(essay on Moral Arithmetic).
1373:system of classifying plants
1011:(Quadrupèdes IX) : 1764
993:(Quadrupèdes VI) : 1761
961:(Quadrupèdes II) : 1755
790:1792 English translation of
624:The original edition of the
471:Louis-Bernard Guyton-Morveau
274:(Discourse on Style) and an
2414:Bernard Germain de Lacépède
1398:that were contradictory to
1017:(Quadrupèdes X) : 1765
987:(Quadrupèdes V) : 1760
614:Bernard Germain de Lacépède
477:(1731–1800), the anatomist
432:Bernard Germain de Lacépède
276:Essai d'arithmétique morale
234:Bernard Germain de Lacépède
171:Bernard Germain de Lacépède
2823:
2792:19th-century encyclopedias
2787:18th-century encyclopedias
2436:A History of British Birds
1726:Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu
1301:(Poissons III) : 1802
1139:(Minéraux III) : 1785
1105:(Oiseaux VIII) : 1781
840:"Buffon’s Natural History"
824:"Buffon’s Natural History"
808:"Buffon’s Natural History"
792:"Buffon’s Natural History"
616:(1756–1825) continued the
450:in 8 volumes (1788–1804).
298:l’Histoire des Quadrupèdes
282:Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton
2751:Natural History Societies
2712:
2619:The Royal Natural History
2471:Ornithological Dictionary
2380:Johan Christian Fabricius
1748:"Natural History: Buffon"
1307:(Poissons IV) : 1802
1295:(Poissons II) : 1800
1231:(Suppléments VII) :
1191:(Suppléments III) :
1163:(Supplements) (1774–1789)
1145:(Minéraux IV) : 1786
1133:(Minéraux II) : 1783
1099:(Oiseaux VII) : 1780
1075:(Oiseaux III) : 1774
967:(Quadrupèdes III) :
858:Scribner, Welford and Co.
475:François-Nicolas Martinet
384:3 volumes in 1749 :
327:François-Nicolas Martinet
304:and Jean-Claude Mertrud.
39:
2597:The Naturalist's Library
2500:On the Origin of Species
1663:. Huxley, Robert (ed.).
1313:(Poissons V) : 1803
1289:(Poissons I) : 1798
1221:(Suppléments VI) :
1213:Des Époques de la nature
1201:(Suppléments IV) :
1181:(Suppléments II) :
1127:(Minéraux I) : 1783
1111:(Oiseaux IX) : 1783
1093:(Oiseaux VI) : 1779
1081:(Oiseaux IV) : 1778
1069:(Oiseaux II) : 1771
1023:(Quadrupèdes XI) :
977:(Quadrupèdes IV) :
633:appeared in 1788 at the
2731:Natural history museums
2333:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
1211:(Suppléments V) :
1171:(Suppléments I) :
1087:(Oiseaux V) : 1778
1063:(Oiseaux I) : 1770
1025:Nomenclature des Singes
979:Les Animaux carnassiers
953:Les Animaux domestiques
947:(Quadrupèdes I) :
749:in London around 1785.
631:l’Histoire des minéraux
200:, an encyclopaedic work
158:[istwaʁnatyʁɛl]
2777:1749 non-fiction books
2583:William Jackson Hooker
2531:Alexander von Humboldt
2448:Philosophie zoologique
2231:Pinax theatri botanici
1508:evolutionary biologist
1428:
1351:
1252:
1119:(Minerals) (1783–1788)
1056:
876:
778:between 1789 and 1808.
705:
694:17 duodecimo volumes.
661:(1727–1773). He wrote
621:
551:
318:
217:
162:
2797:Natural history books
2669:The Study of Instinct
2608:Kunstformen der Natur
2512:The Malay Archipelago
2507:Alfred Russel Wallace
2443:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
1696:Volume VII. pp. 57–58
1665:The Great Naturalists
1422:
1361:Les Epoques de Nature
1346:
1329:(Cétacés) : 1804
1271:Histoire des Serpents
1269:(Reptiles II) :
1250:
1052:
871:
708:A de luxe edition of
700:
655:Histoire des Poissons
647:Histoire des Reptiles
620:after Buffon's death.
612:
587:Reg. animal. pag. 235
581:and Buffon himself ("
545:
436:egg-laying quadrupeds
310:
272:Discours sur le style
238:comparative anatomist
224:is the work that the
212:(1707–1788) made the
207:
2588:Joseph Dalton Hooker
2541:The Birds of America
2070:Mayr, Ernst (1981).
1771:"Histoire Naturelle"
1502:Evolutionary thought
1259:(Reptiles I) :
1151:(Minéraux V) :
1054:Blue-naped mousebird
969:Les Animaux sauvages
718:Edme-Louis Daubenton
663:Histoire des Cétacés
455:Edme-Louis Daubenton
434:, who described the
424:L’Histoire Naturelle
417:Époques de la nature
2636:Martinus Beijerinck
2179:De Natura Animalium
1912:. Vol. 5. Barr
1045:(Birds) (1770–1783)
659:Philibert Commerson
560:grossier et poltron
479:Jean-Claude Mertrud
390:Théorie de la Terre
36:
2741:Parson-naturalists
2573:Philip Henry Gosse
2536:John James Audubon
2519:Henry Walter Bates
2407:Histoire Naturelle
2395:Historia Plantarum
2283:Avium Praecipuarum
2267:Historia animalium
2168:Historia Plantarum
2156:History of Animals
1861:Smellie, William.
1532:hybrid infertility
1515:Histoire naturelle
1454:parson-naturalists
1442:Histoire Naturelle
1429:
1396:Histoire Naturelle
1381:Histoire Naturelle
1356:Histoire Naturelle
1352:
1321:(Cetaceans) (1804)
1281:(Fish) (1798–1803)
1253:
1057:
877:
864:Contents by volume
730:Histoire Naturelle
706:
691:Histoire Naturelle
667:Histoire Naturelle
643:Histoire Naturelle
626:Histoire Naturelle
622:
618:Histoire Naturelle
552:
410:Traité de l’aimant
361:Histoire Naturelle
319:
249:Histoire Naturelle
218:
214:Histoire Naturelle
198:Histoire Naturelle
18:Histoire naturelle
2764:
2763:
2710:
2709:
2328:Marcello Malpighi
2222:Ulisse Aldrovandi
2202:De Materia Medica
1794:"Naturalhistoria"
1682:Volume VII. p. 48
1635:Volume VII. p. 39
1409:French Revolution
1348:Indian rhinoceros
714:Imprimerie royale
687:Imprimerie royale
679:Imprimerie royale
651:French Revolution
492:(1751–1812), and
428:Imprimerie royale
314:in Volume IX, by
144:
143:
127:Publication place
110:Imprimerie royale
16:(Redirected from
2814:
2718:
2691:The Dancing Bees
2615:Richard Lydekker
2563:Jean-Henri Fabre
2548:William Buckland
2353:Regnier de Graaf
2247:Andrea Cesalpino
2137:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2067:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2032:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1744:
1733:
1723:
1717:
1703:
1697:
1689:
1683:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1657:
1636:
1628:
1622:
1610:Roger, Jacques.
1608:
1602:
1595:
1589:
1582:
1566:
1552:
1450:natural theology
1375:as described in
835:
819:
803:
787:
529:
517:
505:
487:
300:was the work of
216:his life's work.
175:material science
160:
155:
118:Publication date
44:
37:
21:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2719:
2706:
2687:Karl von Frisch
2624:
2593:William Jardine
2483:Le Règne Animal
2454:
2402:Comte de Buffon
2363:Systema Naturae
2302:
2274:Frederik Ruysch
2252:Valerius Cordus
2242:Hieronymus Bock
2208:
2190:Natural History
2185:Pliny the Elder
2142:
2132:
2126:
2124:Natural history
2121:
2091:
2084:
2069:
2068:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2022:
2012:
2010:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1980:"Rocks of Ages"
1977:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1951:Buffon (1814).
1950:
1949:
1945:
1932:
1922:
1915:
1913:
1906:Buffon (1807).
1905:
1904:
1900:
1887:
1877:
1870:
1868:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1840:Storia Naturale
1837:
1836:
1832:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1753:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1736:
1724:
1720:
1704:
1700:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1672:
1659:
1658:
1639:
1629:
1625:
1609:
1605:
1596:
1592:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1519:natural history
1504:
1483:
1434:
1417:
1377:Systema Naturae
1365:Book of Genesis
1341:
1336:
1251:The Gecko, 1788
866:
854:Frederick Warne
850:
847:
843:
836:
827:
820:
811:
804:
795:
788:
747:William Smellie
726:
675:
607:
602:
540:
533:
530:
521:
518:
509:
506:
481:
459:Jacques de Sève
323:Jacques de Sève
316:Jacques de Sève
226:Comte de Buffon
210:Comte de Buffon
202:
191:natural history
189:as well as the
167:Comte de Buffon
153:
119:
77:Natural history
66:Jacques de Sève
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2820:
2818:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2769:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2738:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2697:Ronald Lockley
2694:
2684:
2672:
2665:Niko Tinbergen
2662:
2650:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2612:
2600:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2533:
2528:
2516:
2504:
2495:Charles Darwin
2492:
2487:
2478:Georges Cuvier
2475:
2466:George Montagu
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2440:
2428:
2416:
2411:
2399:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2355:
2350:
2348:Jan Swammerdam
2345:
2340:
2338:William Derham
2335:
2330:
2325:
2312:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2290:
2279:William Turner
2276:
2271:
2262:Conrad Gessner
2259:
2257:Leonhart Fuchs
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2227:Gaspard Bauhin
2224:
2218:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2194:
2182:
2172:
2160:
2147:
2145:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2097:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2049:
2038:. 3 June 2014
2020:
1993:
1982:. Dawn to Dusk
1978:McQueen, Rod.
1970:
1943:
1934:|website=
1898:
1889:|website=
1853:
1830:
1807:
1784:
1761:
1734:
1718:
1698:
1684:
1670:
1637:
1623:
1603:
1590:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1503:
1500:
1496:romantic novel
1482:
1479:
1433:
1430:
1416:
1413:
1405:Georges Cuvier
1400:Roman Catholic
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1315:
1314:
1311:Volume XXXXIII
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1275:
1274:
1267:Volume XXXVIII
1264:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1216:
1206:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1157:
1156:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
972:
962:
956:
933:
932:
918:
904:
865:
862:
856:in London and
849:
846:
845:
844:
837:
830:
828:
821:
814:
812:
805:
798:
796:
789:
782:
776:St. Petersburg
767:in 1806–1807.
742:William Creech
725:
722:
674:
671:
606:
603:
601:
598:
589:") are cited.
539:
536:
535:
534:
531:
524:
522:
519:
512:
510:
507:
500:
421:
420:
413:
406:
403:
400:
201:
195:
142:
141:
140:36 + 8 volumes
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
74:
70:
69:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2819:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2680:On Aggression
2676:
2675:Konrad Lorenz
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2641:Abbott Thayer
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2603:Ernst Haeckel
2601:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2568:Louis Agassiz
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:Charles Lyell
2551:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2490:William Smith
2488:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2431:Thomas Bewick
2429:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2419:Gilbert White
2417:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:Georg Steller
2368:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2358:Carl Linnaeus
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2308:Enlightenment
2305:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2237:Otto Brunfels
2235:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2113:
2111:
2106:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2085:
2083:9780674364462
2079:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1994:
1981:
1974:
1971:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1927:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1882:
1866:
1865:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1808:
1795:
1788:
1785:
1772:
1765:
1762:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1715:2-88074-264-1
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1661:Knapp, Sandra
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1620:2-213-02265-8
1617:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1548:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1536:fossil record
1533:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1327:Volume XXXXIV
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1305:Volume XXXXII
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1257:Volume XXXVII
1255:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1199:Volume XXXIII
1197:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1143:Volume XXVIII
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
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1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
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1068:
1065:
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1033:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
976:
973:
970:
966:
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960:
957:
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950:
946:
943:
942:
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926:
922:
919:
916:
912:
908:
905:
902:
898:
894:
890:
887:
886:
885:
884:
880:
875:
870:
863:
861:
859:
855:
841:
834:
829:
825:
818:
813:
809:
802:
797:
793:
786:
781:
779:
777:
773:
768:
766:
761:
758:
755:
752:
751:Barr's Buffon
748:
743:
739:
734:
731:
723:
721:
719:
715:
711:
704:
699:
695:
692:
688:
683:
680:
672:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
627:
619:
615:
611:
599:
597:
594:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
561:
557:
549:
544:
537:
528:
523:
516:
511:
504:
499:
497:
495:
491:
488:(1728–1802),
485:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
457:(1732–1786),
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
418:
414:
411:
407:
404:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
382:
381:
378:
376:
372:
368:
367:
362:
357:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
317:
313:
309:
305:
303:
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2011:. Retrieved
2006:
1996:
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1959:. W. Davison
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1908:
1901:
1869:. Retrieved
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1842:. WorldCat.
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1287:Volume XXXIX
1278:
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1229:Volume XXXVI
1222:
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1209:Volume XXXIV
1202:
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1189:Volume XXXII
1182:
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1158:
1152:
1137:Volume XXVII
1116:
1115:
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1103:Volume XXIII
1073:Volume XVIII
1042:
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1040:
1028:
1024:
978:
968:
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948:
939:(Quadrupeds)
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724:Translations
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496:(1747–1823).
494:André Thouin
465:1742–1788),
452:
423:
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419:(from 1778).
416:
409:
397:
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389:
388:followed by
385:
379:
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366:Encyclopédie
364:
360:
358:
346:André Thouin
343:
339:mythological
320:
297:
280:
275:
271:
267:
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248:
246:
242:Quadrupèdes,
241:
221:
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197:
193:of animals.
148:
147:
145:
108:
33:
29:
2701:Shearwaters
2558:Mary Anning
2343:Hans Sloane
2293:John Gerard
2287:New Herball
2214:Renaissance
2197:Dioscorides
2133:naturalists
2042:24 December
2013:24 December
1986:24 December
1963:26 December
1916:26 December
1871:26 December
1800:26 December
1777:26 December
1754:26 December
1559:(feet) and
1527:theologians
1452:of British
1293:Volume XXXX
1219:Volume XXXV
1179:Volume XXXI
1149:Volume XXIX
1131:Volume XXVI
1109:Volume XXIV
1097:Volume XXII
1067:Volume XVII
1015:Volume XIII
985:Volume VIII
937:Quadrupèdes
874:Quadrupèdes
639:Suppléments
482: [
268:Suppléments
161:; English:
62:Illustrator
2771:Categories
2131:Pioneering
1796:. Worldcat
1773:. WorldCat
1750:. WorldCat
1573:References
1511:Ernst Mayr
1440:calls the
1432:Philosophy
1169:Volume XXX
1125:Volume XXV
1091:Volume XXI
1079:Volume XIX
1061:Volume XVI
1021:Volume XIV
1009:Volume XII
975:Volume VII
921:Volume III
872:Stag from
848:Children's
842:(volume 1)
826:(volume 1)
810:(volume 1)
794:(volume 1)
585:. Buffon.
546:Spread of
341:settings.
335:anatomical
331:aesthetics
261:quadrupeds
259:, and the
187:technology
85:quadrupeds
68:and others
2151:Aristotle
2143:antiquity
2141:Classical
1936:ignored (
1926:cite book
1891:ignored (
1881:cite book
1848:637863895
1462:evolution
1446:Descartes
1334:Reception
1085:Volume XX
1035:Volume XV
1003:Volume XI
991:Volume IX
965:Volume VI
945:Volume IV
907:Volume II
860:c. 1870.
738:The Horse
448:cetaceans
302:Daubenton
183:chemistry
122:1749–1804
105:Publisher
2578:Asa Gray
2390:John Ray
1838:Buffon.
1825:80253027
1815:Buffon.
1792:Buffon.
1769:Buffon.
1563:(inches)
1468:and the
1458:John Ray
1456:such as
1423:Newborn
1369:Linnaeus
997:Volume X
959:Volume V
923: :
909: :
891: :
889:Volume I
600:Editions
575:Linnaeus
538:Approach
253:minerals
230:Montbard
81:minerals
1693:Le Loup
1679:Le Loup
1632:Le Loup
1474:species
1389:pistils
1385:stamens
567:Gessner
371:Diderot
179:physics
154:French:
73:Subject
2724:Topics
2175:Aelian
2080:
1846:
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1713:
1618:
1561:pouces
1487:purple
1470:donkey
1427:(1767)
1415:Modern
1350:(1767)
1273:, 1789
1263:, 1788
1235:, 1789
1225:, 1782
1215:, 1779
1205:, 1777
1195:, 1776
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903:, 1749
765:Örebro
548:quarto
444:fishes
440:snakes
131:France
52:Author
1557:pieds
1542:Notes
1481:Style
1466:horse
579:Klein
486:]
463:actif
257:birds
137:Pages
95:Genre
89:birds
2745:List
2735:List
2078:ISBN
2044:2014
2015:2014
1988:2014
1965:2014
1938:help
1918:2014
1893:help
1873:2014
1844:OCLC
1821:OCLC
1802:2014
1779:2014
1756:2014
1711:ISBN
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