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Diocletian's Palace

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1454: 662: 561: 684: 706: 1400: 1281: 1163: 368: 940:'s apartments formed a block along the seafront, with an exterior square and circular floor plan, with a dome. From there, one approached the Emperor's apartment, which stretched 40 m deep along the entire south facade; it is only partly preserved on the upper floor, but its ground-floor, translated substructures that directly bore it are almost completely preserved, so the overall layout and appearance of the upper spaces can be seen given the coincidence of the upper and lower floor plans. On the west side of the upper floor are preserved the remains of a dome hall and two halls with apses, and on the east side are parts of an octagonal dining room ( 1330: 1187: 1269: 1690: 1223: 1342: 944:) with three halls with a cross floor plan. The wall of the Western Cross Hall is preserved at full height. Diocletian's apartment was interconnected by a long room along the southern façade (cryptoporticus) from which through 42 windows and 3 balconies a view of the sea was opened. Two baths were recently found north of the Emperor's apartment, one adjacent to the west and the other to the eastern halls. Although for many centuries almost completely filled with refuse, most of the substructure is well preserved and indicates the original shape and disposition of the rooms above. 1199: 360: 1245: 65: 1211: 1303: 768: 1657: 1442: 872: 1606: 1257: 1621: 1430: 1175: 614: 472: 1500: 1633: 1565: 1512: 973: 917: 1376: 229: 3075: 1524: 1476: 3347: 1364: 1315: 1388: 1645: 1488: 2577: 1453: 1043: 1591: 1546: 1704: 236: 379:(the rule of four). Yet ten years after that decision, when Diocletian abdicated in 305, the palace seems to have still been unfinished, and there are indications that some works were taking place while the emperor was residing at the Palace. It is unknown under whose architectural ideas the palace was built and who its builders were. The complex was modelled on 2235: 1676: 2239: 633:
Two of the six octagonal ground-floor towers were framed by three landing entrances, the six rectangular ground floors of the rectangular floor being between the corner and the octagonal. To date, three corner towers (except the southwestern) have been preserved, and only the remains of octagonal and
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However, the engraved Greek names Zotikos and Filotas, as well as many Greek characters, indicate that a number of builders were originally from the eastern part of the empire, i.e. Diocletian brought with him masters from the East. Still, a large part of the workforce was likely of local origin. The
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In the period of the free medieval commune, between the 12th and 14th centuries, there was a greater architectural development when many medieval houses filled not only Roman buildings but also a large part of the free space of streets and docks. Also completed in this period was the construction of
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in the 7th century, though the exact year of the destruction still remains an open debate between archaeologists. Part of the expelled population, now refugees, found shelter inside the palace's strong walls and with them a new, organized city life began. Since then, the palace has been continuously
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The ground plan of the palace is an irregular rectangle measuring east: 214.97 m, north: 174.74 m, south: 181.65 m (adjusting for the terrain), with sixteen towers projecting from the western, northern, and eastern facades on the facades facing the mainland. There are four towers on the corners of
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Only the southern facade, which rose directly from or very near to the sea, was unfortified. The elaborate architectural composition of the arcaded gallery on its upper floor differs from the more severe treatment of the three shore facades. A monumental gate in the middle of each wall led to an
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Today, the Palace is well preserved with all the most important historical buildings, in the centre of the city of Split, the second-largest city of modern Croatia. Diocletian's Palace far transcends local importance because of its degree of preservation. The Palace is one of the most famous and
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Porta Occidentalis ("the western gate") is one of the four principal Roman gates into the Palace. Originally a military gate from which troops entered the complex, the gate is the only one to have remained in continuous use to the present day. During the
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The Porta Meridionalis or "the southern gate" is the smaller of the four principal Roman gates into the Palace. Originally a sea gate from which the Emperor entered the complex by boat, via basement rooms in the Imperial Palace.
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The Porta septemtrionalis ("the northern gate”) is one of the four principal Roman gates into the Palace. Originally the Main gate from which the Emperor entered the complex, the gate is on the road to the north, towards
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With the death of Diocletian, the life of the palace did not end, and it remained an imperial possession of the Roman court, providing shelter to the expelled members of the Emperor's family. In 480, Emperor
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If you could show the cabbage that I planted with my own hands to your emperor, he definitely wouldn't dare suggest that I replace the peace and happiness of this place with the storms of a never-satisfied
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Granite sphinx of Ramses II. 3,500 years old, it comes from the site of Pharaoh Thutmose III. The other two Sphinxes can be found in the Temple of Jupiter in Diocletian's Palace, and in the Split Museum.
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The range of dates proposed for Diocletian's death have stretched from 311 through to 318. Until recently, the date of 3 December 311 has been favoured; however, the absence of Diocletian on Maxentius'
1923:; Greek text edited by Gy. Moravcsik; English translation by R. J. H. Jenkins. Rev.ed., Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1967, 1985; and Thomae Archidiaconi (Archdeacon Thomas of Split), 733:) was simpler in shape and dimensions than the other three, and it is thought that it was originally intended either as the emperor's private access to the sea or as a service entrance for supplies. 576:, in line with the international convention on cultural and natural heritage, adopted a proposal that the historic city of Split built around the Palace should be included in the register of 3473: 1632: 1441: 3226: 1564: 992:
A monumental court, the Peristyle, formed the northern access to the imperial apartments in front of the Vestibule. It also gave access to Diocletian's mausoleum on the east (today the
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The Porta Orientalis ("the eastern gate") is one of the four principal Roman gates into the Palace. Originally a secondary gate, it faces east towards the Roman town of Epetia, today
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In November 2006, the city council decided to permit over twenty new buildings within the palace (including a shopping and garage complex), although the palace had been declared a
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was murdered by one of his own soldiers, reportedly stabbed to death in his villa near Salona. Since Diocletian's palace was in the area, it might have been the same building.
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and the publication of measured drawings brought it into the design vocabulary of European architecture for the first time. A few decades later, in 1782, the French painter
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In the southern half there were more luxurious structures than in the northern section; these included public, private and religious buildings, as well as the
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Both parts of the palace were apparently surrounded by streets, leading to the perimeter walls through a rectangular buildings (possibly storage magazines).
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are a set of substructures located at the southern end of the Palace, that represent one of the best preserved ancient complexes of their kind in the world.
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The beginning of construction of Diocletian's palace has not exactly been established. It is assumed to have begun around 295, after the introduction of the
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has been working on a conservation project at the palace, including surveying structural integrity and cleaning and restoring the stone and plasterwork.
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A rotunda, that was once the first section of the imperial corridor in the Palace that led via the Peristyle to the Imperial apartments of the Palace.
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rectangular ones. Three well-preserved landings have been architecturally fragmented, especially the northern one, which was the main approach from
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coast. As the world's most complete remains of a Roman palace, it holds an outstanding place in Mediterranean, European, and world heritage.
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fail, torn by the selfish ambitions of his successors. He heard of Maximian's third claim to the throne, his forced suicide, and his
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in the clefts between them. Today the remains of the palace are part of the historic core of Split, which in 1979 was listed by
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Voyage pittoresque et historique de l'Istrie et de la Dalmatie rédigé d'après l'Itinéraire de L. F. Cassas par Joseph Lavallée
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Reconstruction of Diocletian's Palace in its original appearance upon completion in AD 305 (viewed from the south-west)
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View of The Golden Gate ca. 1910, Photo by E. Hébrard and J. Zeiller, Spalato, le Palais de Dioclétien, Paris, 1912.
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Reconstruction of the facade to the sea from E. Hébrard and J. Zeiller, Spalato, le Palais de Dioclétien, Paris, 1912
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with 60,000 people and the birthplace of Diocletian. The terrain around Salona slopes gently seaward and is typical
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is an example of this trend. Today many restaurants and shops, and some homes can still be found within the walls.
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occupied, with residents making their homes and businesses within the palace basement and directly in its walls.
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was extracted from nearby riverbeds, and bricks were made in Spalatum and other workshops located nearby.
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View of the Peristyle (the central square within the Palace) towards the entrance of Diocletian's quarters
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The cellars of Diocletian's palace are like a peristyle (above) a place of frequent occurrences.
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types and this duality is also evident in the arrangement of the interior. The transverse road (
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Diocletian lived on for four more years, spending his days in his palace gardens. He saw his
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Nakamura, Byron J. (July 2003). "When Did Diocletian Die? New Evidence for an Old Problem".
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The northern half of the palace, divided into two parts by the main north–south street (
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Cutaway reconstruction drawing by E. Hébrard, showing the temple's vaulted interior.
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had ordered the construction of the heavily fortified compound near his hometown of
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Age of spirituality: late antique and early Christian art, third to seventh century
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and Diocletian's birthplace. It is probably the gate the Emperor entered after his
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of high quality, most of which was from the Brač marble quarries on the island of
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Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
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The complex was built on a peninsula six kilometres (3.7 mi) southwest from
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Location of Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian in Croatia
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Research and Reconstruction of Diocletian’s Palace Peristyle in Split 1956–1961
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Its second life came when Salona was largely destroyed in the invasions of the
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Interior view of the dome of the Mausoleum: you can see the brick vault keys.
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in its place. In the 6th century, above the gate a small church dedicated to
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in preparation for his retirement on 1 May 305 AD. The site chosen was near
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had the ruins surveyed. Then, with the aid of French artist and antiquary
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basic materials came from close proximity. The white limestone comes from
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from the imperial throne on 1 May 305. Today the 7th-century church of
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Ruins of the Palace of the Emperor Diocletian at Spalatro in Dalmatia
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This was a reference to the Emperor retiring to his palace to grow
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Aerial view of the Diocletian Palace in the city of Split (2012).
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Ruins of the Palace of Emperor Diocletian at Spalatro in Dalmatia
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of the 3rd-century era, examples of which can be seen across the
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Spalatensis Historia Salonitanorum atque Spalatinorum pontificum
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and other factories. Some material for decoration was imported:
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Northern walls in Split (North part of the palace), recorded by
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Southern walls in Split (South part of the palace), recorded by
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Diocletian's palace was an inspiration for Adam's new style of
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Eastern walls in Split (East part of the palace), recorded by
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Dixon, Karen R. and Southern, Pat. The Late Roman Army p. 143
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The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference
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Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft
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The Palace was decorated with numerous 3500-year-old granite
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complete architectural and cultural features on the Croatian
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Reconstruction of Jupiter's Temple (now St. John's Church).
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Diocletian's Palace was used as a location for filming the
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from outlying communities, similar churches were over the
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from outlying communities, similar churches were over the
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Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries
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Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian
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Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian
2341:"Day 72: Filming in Diocletian's Palace & Žrnovnica" 2002:, The Megalithic Portal, A. Burnham ed., 6 October 2007. 764:
can be found above the gate, and is open to the public.
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taken from the nearby river beds, and of brick made in
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Povijesna jezgra grada Splita s Dioklecijanovom palačom
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Prijatelj, Kruno, Spomenici Splita i okolice, str. 34.
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the square, giving the palace a characteristic of the
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Diocletian's Palace virtual tour (Croatian Landmarks)
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on a mosaic from the Basilica Sant'Apollinare nuovo.
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This coincided with the complex seeing an 752:, the then capital of the Roman province of 564:View of the Peristyle in 1764, engraving by 3514:Establishments in Dalmatia (Roman province) 3189:Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian, Lastovo 2666:Museum of Croatian Archaeological Monuments 1954:"How life goes on in a ruined Roman palace" 3489:Buildings and structures in Split, Croatia 3227: 3213: 3205: 3016: 3002: 2994: 2504: 2490: 2482: 1929:History of the Bishops of Salona and Split 1369:Model of the Palace in its original state. 544:in 1802 in the chronicles of his voyages. 346:, the provincial administrative centre of 31: 2136: 2134: 2022: 2020: 1216:Diocletian's Palace substructure garden. 525:and several draughtsmen, Adam published 1837: 1835: 1779: 1750: 1650:Part of the underground palace complex. 1583: 1538: 1468: 1422: 1356: 1295: 1237: 1155: 1129:. The palace also hosted a task on the 196: 1286:Golden gate, north gate of the palace. 2305:"Diocletian's palace basement, Split" 1662:East wing of the underground complex. 1599:leading to the cellars of the Palace. 908:divided the complex into two halves. 268: 205: 182: 172: 157: 149: 141: 132: 7: 1239:Views of the exterior of the complex 1234:Views of the exterior of the complex 3469:Houses completed in the 4th century 2611:Golden Gate (Porta septemtrionalis) 2347:. 27 September 2013. Archived from 1799:Dixon, Karen R. and Southern, Pat. 1053:The Palace is built of white local 270:[diɔklɛt͡sijǎːnɔʋapǎlat͡ʃa] 1906:, Band XVI,2 (1935), S. 1505–1510. 25: 2606:Bronze Gate (Diocletian's Palace) 1228:The fortifications of the palace. 867:Bronze Gate (Diocletian's Palace) 782:Silver Gate (Diocletian's Palace) 743:Golden Gate (Diocletian's Palace) 725:enclosed courtyard. The southern 617:Floor plan of Diocletian's palace 475:The Romanesque bell tower of the 389:, such as the bridgehead fort of 315:ridges running east to west with 305:largest cities of the late empire 2631:Church of Our Lady of the Belfry 2575: 2401:McLaren, Hunter (13 June 2019). 2370:Rogulj, Daniela (13 June 2019). 1985:at the Smithsonian Institution; 1702: 1688: 1674: 1655: 1643: 1631: 1619: 1604: 1589: 1563: 1544: 1522: 1510: 1498: 1486: 1474: 1452: 1440: 1428: 1398: 1386: 1374: 1362: 1340: 1328: 1313: 1301: 1279: 1267: 1255: 1243: 1221: 1209: 1197: 1185: 1173: 1161: 1157:Outside areas within the complex 1152:Outside areas within the complex 888:The design is derived from both 704: 682: 660: 234: 227: 63: 3479:World Heritage Sites in Croatia 3247:Cathedral of St. James, Šibenik 3236:World Heritage Sites in Croatia 2142:"Split.hr | Srebrna vrata" 1816:, 31–32; Lenski, 65; Odahl, 90. 875:Part of the southern wall today 823:persecutions under Theodosius I 816:Iron Gate (Diocletian's Palace) 597:The palace was depicted on the 29:Historic site in Split, Croatia 3330:Northern Velebit National Park 2671:Cellars of Diocletian's Palace 2621:Silver Gate (Porta Orientalis) 2616:Iron Gate (Porta Occidentalis) 1626:Cellars of Diocletian's Palace 1612:Cellars of Diocletian's Palace 1393:General plan of Split in 1912. 982:Cellars of Diocletian's Palace 976:Cellars of Diocletian's Palace 968:Cellars of Diocletian's Palace 1: 1308:Porta Aurea (detail) in 2013. 460:. He died on 3 December 312. 3519:Tourist attractions in Split 2053:"Features of Kuna Banknotes" 1381:Reconstruction by Farlatija. 1358:Diagrams and reconstructions 1353:Diagrams and reconstructions 3494:Royal residences in Croatia 2676:Split Archaeological Museum 2323:"Split – The Substructures" 1915:Charles George Herbermann, 1481:3D mausoleum cross-section. 1030:Streets and annex buildings 3535: 2949:(Smrdečac and Pisano Kame) 2626:Cathedral of Saint Domnius 2443:Metropolitan Museum of Art 1989:at University of Wisconsin 994:Cathedral of Saint Domnius 965: 951: 864: 813: 779: 740: 605:banknote, issued in 1993. 508:Cathedral of Saint Domnius 477:Cathedral of Saint Domnius 136:UNESCO World Heritage Site 3357: 3343: 3256:Episcopal Complex of the 3242: 3071: 2636:Croatian National Theatre 2573: 1788:Emperors Don't Die in Bed 1274:North wall of the palace. 1250:South view of the Palace. 931: 534:Neoclassical architecture 371:Diocletian's Palace Today 222: 218: 214: 193: 129: 62: 39: 3078:Coat of arms of Dalmatia 2840:Administrative divisions 2810:Split Main Train Station 1921:De administrando imperio 1888:Constantine and Eusebius 1814:Constantine and Eusebius 1505:Facade of the mausoleum. 1180:Peristyle of the palace. 626:similar to those on the 523:Charles-Louis Clérisseau 299:, the former capital of 200:Cultural Good of Croatia 3065:Paklenica National Park 2209:"Split – the Iron Gate" 2114:"Zlatna vrata u Splitu" 1696:Byzantine Empire portal 578:World Cultural Heritage 411:and some of Seget near 3396:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3363:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3351: 3079: 2815:Split Suburban Railway 2661:Ivan Meštrović Gallery 1570:Interior image of the 1050: 977: 921: 876: 825:a relief sculpture of 772: 646:of the palace feature 618: 569: 479: 437: 372: 364: 261: 56: 48: 3509:City walls in Croatia 3349: 3100:Kornati National Park 3077: 2646:Diocletianus Aqueduct 2567:Split-Dalmatia County 2028:"Diocletian's Palace" 2000:"Diocletian's Palace" 1902:, "Julius Nepos", in 1827:Epitome de Caesaribus 1572:Church of St Martin's 1045: 975: 919: 874: 770: 644:Subterranean portions 616: 563: 538:Louis-François Cassas 474: 370: 362: 262:Dioklecijanova palača 210:Dioklecijanova palača 106:43.50833°N 16.44000°E 3276:Palace of Diocletian 2712:Stadion Park Mladeži 2656:Gallery of Fine Arts 2382:on 28 September 2021 2309:Absolute-croatia.com 1998:Hogan, C. Michael, 1192:Diocletian's Palace. 1168:Diocletian's Palace. 601:of the Croatian 500 592:World Monuments Fund 353:Tabula Peutingeriana 311:, consisting of low 279:Palatium Diocletiani 57:Palatium Diocletiani 3258:Euphrasian Basilica 3166:Mljet National Park 3161:Dubrovnik Cathedral 3138:Diocletian's Palace 2784:University of Split 2651:St. Martin's Church 2641:Diocletian's Palace 2262:"Split – Vestibule" 1941:Diocletian's Palace 1845:Classical Philology 1801:The Late Roman Army 1729:Diocletian Aqueduct 1718:List of Roman domes 1682:Roman Empire portal 1407:Theodoric the Great 1018:) leading from the 932:Emperor's apartment 585:World Heritage Site 325:World Heritage Site 254:Diocletian's Palace 102: /  3484:Palaces in Croatia 3352: 3105:Krka National Park 3080: 2376:Total Croatia News 2345:WinterIsComing.net 2152:on 19 January 2019 1960:. 22 December 2016 1786:Fik Meijer (2004) 1734:Roman architecture 1051: 1038:Building materials 978: 962:The Palace Cellars 922: 877: 843:influx of refugees 792:influx of refugees 773: 731:Porta Meridionalis 619: 572:In November 1979, 570: 493:St Martin's Church 480: 373: 365: 174:Reference no. 111:43.50833; 16.44000 3456: 3455: 3202: 3201: 3153:Dubrovnik-Neretva 3095:Šibenik Cathedral 2991: 2990: 2441:, no. 104, 1979, 1943:Croatia Traveller 1825:Aurelius Victor, 1493:Mausoleum Layout. 1091:Egyptian sphinxes 998:temple of Jupiter 556:Cultural heritage 453:damnatio memoriae 448:tetrarchic system 251: 250: 169: 16:(Redirected from 3526: 3281:Stari Grad Plain 3229: 3222: 3215: 3206: 3194:Stari Grad Plain 3133:Holy Salvation's 3128:Trogir Cathedral 3018: 3011: 3004: 2995: 2728:HNK Hajduk Split 2579: 2506: 2499: 2492: 2483: 2420: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2408:Booth Newspapers 2398: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2378:. Archived from 2367: 2361: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2351:on 25 March 2014 2337: 2331: 2330: 2319: 2313: 2312: 2301: 2295: 2294: 2291:Lonelyplanet.com 2283: 2277: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2258: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2238:. Archived from 2232: 2226: 2223: 2217: 2216: 2205: 2196: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2177: 2171: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2148:. Archived from 2138: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2110: 2104: 2101: 2095: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2081:. Archived from 2075: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2055:. Archived from 2049: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2024: 2015: 2009: 2003: 1996: 1990: 1981:at Archive.org; 1976: 1970: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1950: 1944: 1938: 1932: 1913: 1907: 1897: 1891: 1884: 1878: 1877: 1839: 1830: 1823: 1817: 1810: 1804: 1797: 1791: 1784: 1767: 1755: 1712: 1707: 1706: 1705: 1698: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1684: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1659: 1647: 1635: 1623: 1608: 1593: 1567: 1548: 1540:Church/Cathedral 1535:Church/Cathedral 1526: 1514: 1502: 1490: 1478: 1456: 1444: 1432: 1402: 1390: 1378: 1366: 1344: 1335:The golden gate. 1332: 1317: 1305: 1283: 1271: 1259: 1247: 1225: 1213: 1201: 1189: 1177: 1165: 1140:The Amazing Race 1111:Filming location 1105:Jupiter's temple 1049:at the Peristyle 954:Vestibule, Split 708: 686: 664: 529:(London, 1764). 272: 267: 238: 237: 231: 163: 117: 116: 114: 113: 112: 107: 103: 100: 99: 98: 95: 67: 32: 21: 3534: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3524: 3523: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3420:North Macedonia 3353: 3350:Flag of Croatia 3341: 3238: 3233: 3203: 3198: 3170: 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Index

Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian
Croatian
Latin

Split, Croatia
43°30′30″N 16°26′24″E / 43.50833°N 16.44000°E / 43.50833; 16.44000
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Session
97
Europe
Cultural Good of Croatia
Diocletian's Palace is located in Croatia
Croatian
[diɔklɛt͡sijǎːnɔʋapǎlat͡ʃa]
Latin
Roman emperor
Diocletian
Split, Croatia
Salona
Dalmatia
largest cities of the late empire
karst
limestone
marl
UNESCO
World Heritage Site
Diocletian
Spalatum
Salona
Dalmatia

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