1552:
1152:, the pharaoh is invariably represented as the equal of the gods. In the religious speech, he is however only their humble servant, a zealous servant who makes multiple offerings. This piety expresses the hope of a just return of service. Filled with goods, the gods must favorably activate the forces of nature for a common benefit to all Egyptians. The only human being admitted to dialogue with the gods on an equal level, the Pharaoh was the supreme officiant; the first of the priests of the country. More widely, the pharaonic gesture covered all the fields of activity of the collective and ignored the
1213:
1469:
1884:
1367:
731:
1355:
1385:
2071:
1670:, but no crown was found among his funerary equipment. Diadems have been discovered. It is presumed that crowns would have been believed to have magical properties and were used in rituals. Brier's speculation is that crowns were religious or state items, so a dead king likely could not retain a crown as a personal possession. The crowns may have been passed along to the successor, much as the crowns of modern monarchies.
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3445:
3434:
3397:
3465:
1634:
1077:
45:
3475:
7938:
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3455:
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80:
2038:
10:2, Pharaoh boasts that he is the creator and owner of the Nile. God is then said to have responded to this statement by challenging the
Pharaoh over who owns the Nile, as God proceeds to create a disaster by bringing forth frogs from it that consume Egypt's agriculture. In other midrashic texts,
605:
was central to everyday life. One of the roles of the king was as an intermediary between the deities and the people. The king thus was deputised for the deities in a role that was both as civil and religious administrator. The king owned all of the land in Egypt, enacted laws, collected taxes, and
2045:, in commentary on Ezekiel 29:9, Pharaoh is said to have proclaimed himself as lord of the universe. Pharaoh is represented as a heretical figure who presents himself as divine, and these texts then claim that his claims were exposed when he had to go to the Nile to relieve himself.
1916:
city-states where, though the clan leader or king mediated between his people and the gods, did not himself represent a god on Earth. The few
Sumerian exceptions to this would post-date the origins of this practice in ancient Egypt. For example, the legendary king
1949:. According to Pyramid Text Utterance 571, "... the King was fashioned by his father Atum before the sky existed, before earth existed, before men existed, before the gods were born, before death existed ..." According to an inscription on the statue of
1649:
crown has been depicted in art since the New
Kingdom. It is often depicted being worn in battle, but it was also frequently worn during ceremonies. It used to be called a war crown by many, but modern historians refrain from defining it thus.
1185:, the king of Egypt repels the plunderers of the desert, fights the invading armies and defeats the internal rebels. The Pharaoh was always the sole victor; standing up and knocking out a bunch of prisoners or shooting arrows from his battle
622:), or cosmic order, balance, and justice, and part of this included going to war when necessary to defend the country or attacking others when it was believed that this would contribute to Maat, such as to obtain resources.
2001:
explicitly denies this, claiming that
Egyptian priests rejected any notion of the divinity of the king. The only explicit classical Greek source which describes the divinity of Pharaoh is contained in the writings of
1908:, the Pharaoh was often considered to be divine. This precept originated before 3000 BCE and the Egyptian office of divine kingship would go on to influence many other societies and kingdoms, surviving into the
2305:
1536:. It is the most common type of royal headgear depicted throughout Pharaonic Egypt. Any other type of crown, apart from the Khat headdress, has been commonly depicted on top of the Nemes. The statue from his
1953:(14th–13th centuries BCE): "he already came out of his mother's bosom adorned with the prestige and the divine color ..." Inscriptions regularly described the Pharaoh as the "good god" or "perfect god" (
831:, "Majesty". The term, therefore, evolved from a word specifically referring to a building to a respectful designation for the ruler presiding in that building, particularly by the time of the
1388:
A guardian statue wearing the red crown which reflected the facial features of the reigning king, probably
Amenemhat II or Senwosret II, and which functioned as a divine guardian for the
1832:
sign. The title may have represented the divine status of the king. The Horus associated with gold may be referring to the idea that the bodies of the deities were made of gold and the
1189:. As the only legislator, the laws and decrees he promulgated were seen as inspired by divine wisdom. This legislation, kept in the archives and placed under the responsibility of the
1997:. One Ptolemaic-era hymn describes the divinity of the Pharaoh, though this may reflect Greek notions of divine kingship just as much as it could reflect Egyptian ones. The historian
2942:
2207:, p. 217. "Although paying lip-service to the old ideas and religion, in varying degrees, pharaonic Egypt had in effect died with the last native pharaoh, Nectanebo II in 343 BCE"
1177:, by opening the granaries in case of famine and by guaranteeing a good distribution of arable land. Chief of the armies, the pharaoh was the brave protector of the borders. Like
1310:), but in early representations the king was also depicted solely with the flail, as shown in a late pre-dynastic knife handle that is now in the Metropolitan museum, and on the
2332:
1173:", that is to say, promote harmony and repel chaos. As the nurturing father of the people, the Pharaoh ensured prosperity by calling upon the gods to regulate the waters of the
800:(tenth century BCE), however, instead of being used alone and originally just for the palace, it began to be added to the other titles before the name of the king, and from the
2010:
as his source of information. Diodorus slightly contradicts himself in a different passage where he asserts that Darius I was the first ruler of Egypt to be honored as a king.
7713:
1137:
As a central figure of the state, the pharaoh was the obligatory intermediary between the gods and humans. To the former, he ensured the proper performance of rituals in the
641:, the combination of both the red and white crowns became the official crown of the pharaoh. With time new headdresses were introduced during different dynasties such as the
6973:
7059:
7998:
858:, and the subsequent kings of the twenty-second dynasty. For instance, the Large Dakhla stela is specifically dated to Year 5 of king "Pharaoh Shoshenq, beloved of
2022:. In these sources, the Pharaoh is described as hubristically asserting his own divinity and yet, compared to the one true God, is no more than an impotent human.
874:
in his original 1933 publication of this stela. Shoshenq I was the second successor of Siamun. Meanwhile, the traditional custom of referring to the sovereign as,
3091:
2660:
2294:
Clayton, Peter A. Chronicle of the
Pharaohs the Reign-by-reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson, CE 2012. Print.
3117:
2667:
Explaining the meaning of the name
Pharaoh." Published first in German in the official quarterly of the Organization of the Jewish Communities of Bavaria:
537:
in 30 BCE. However, regardless of gender, "king" was the term used most frequently by the ancient
Egyptians for their monarchs through the middle of the
6988:
6983:
3189:
7852:
7706:
6963:
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3418:
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Priestly Annals, a religious document. Here, an induction of an individual to the Amun priesthood is dated specifically to the reign of "Pharaoh
1844:-rays. The gold sign may also be a reference to Nubt, the city of Set. This would suggest that the iconography represents Horus conquering Set.
6968:
3478:
1724:
of the ruler consisted of five names; Horus, Nebty, Golden Horus, nomen, and prenomen for some rulers, only one or two of them may be known.
7052:
6948:
3014:
2989:
2828:
2488:
2432:
2342:
2315:
2018:
Even after the reign of the
Egyptian kings and pharaohs, the notion of Pharaoh's self-notion as a divine being survived and is described in
1732:
The Horus name was adopted by the king, when taking the throne. The name was written within a square frame representing the palace, named a
6953:
3364:
614:. Religiously, the king officiated over religious ceremonies and chose the sites of new temples. The king was responsible for maintaining
6943:
4723:
4511:
3236:
3231:
3112:
2658:
Elazar Ari
Lipinski: "Pesach – A holiday of questions. About the Haggadah-Commentary Zevach Pesach of Rabbi Isaak Abarbanel (1437–1508).
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3537:
3511:
3084:
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1784:
name may have been the birth name of the king. It was often the name by which kings were recorded in the later annals and king lists.
1780:. The name would follow the glyphs for the "Sedge and the Bee". The title is usually translated as king of Upper and Lower Egypt. The
1662:
has noted that despite their widespread depiction in royal portraits, no ancient Egyptian crown has ever been discovered. The tomb of
805:
3201:
2922:
2879:
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with corkscrew sheep horns and usually two uraei. The depiction of this crown begins among New Kingdom rulers during the Early
571:
219:
120:
8003:
7993:
6978:
6235:
5962:
5818:
3359:
2456:
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1977:(522–486 BCE) was referred to as a divine being in Egyptian temple texts. Such descriptions continued and were designated to
1102:
867:
832:
364:
345:
342:
321:
316:
273:
217:
323:
318:
275:
270:
788:–1425 BCE), depending on whether an inscription on the Temple of Armant may be confirmed to refer to that king. During the
712:"column", here meaning "great" or "high". It was the title of the royal palace and was used only in larger phrases such as
7821:
6531:
6321:
6253:
6118:
5985:
5895:
5708:
3826:
3145:
3140:
3077:
1934:
1685:
1212:
836:
801:
797:
2984:. Studia Judaica, Forschungen zur Wissenschaft des Judentums. Berlin ; New York: Walter De Gruyter. pp. 74–76.
1945:(26th century BCE), the Pharaoh also ceased to have a father, as his mother was magically impregnated by the solar deity
7902:
7862:
7198:
6103:
6040:
5323:
3292:
3167:
3135:
3007:
Bridging between sister religions: studies of Jewish and Christian scriptures offered in honor of Prof. John T. Townsend
1404:
crown, dates back to pre-dynastic times and symbolised chief ruler. A red crown has been found on a pottery shard from
7173:
6464:
5573:
5485:
4970:
4747:
4738:
3376:
3339:
3287:
3206:
2657:
2529:
Petrie, W. M. (William Matthew Flinders); Sayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry); Griffith, F. Ll (Francis Llewellyn) (1891).
1912:. The Pharaoh also became a mediator between the gods and man. This institution represents an innovation over that of
1622:
1228:
816:
789:
1087:
7892:
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1969:' which he received during the coronation ceremony. The divinity of Pharaoh was still held to during the period of
1170:
2274:
1106:
1091:
773:–1336 BCE), that is addressed to "Great House, L, W, H, the Lord". However, there is a possibility that the title
7907:
7771:
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6814:
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3317:
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3196:
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1853:
1773:
1705:
1265:-sceptre, sometimes described as the shepherd's crook. The earliest examples of this piece of regalia dates to
1098:
1066:
720:
692:
579:
24:
1883:
1156:. Also, every member of the administration acts only in the name of the royal person, by delegation of power.
2669:
Jüdisches Leben in Bayern. Mitteilungsblatt des Landesverbandes der Israelitischen Kultusgemeinden in Bayern.
1816:. The title is preceded by the vulture (Nekhbet) and the cobra (Wadjet) standing on a basket (the neb sign).
7968:
7897:
6499:
6414:
6391:
4708:
4570:
4507:
4296:
4096:
3912:
3050:
Jan Assmann, "Der Mythos des Gottkönigs im Alten Ägypten", in Christine Schmitz und Anja Bettenworth (hg.),
1717:
1141:; to the latter, he guaranteed agricultural prosperity, the defense of the territory and impartial justice.
918:
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730:
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1202:
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988:
886:
882:
688:
519:
7978:
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7218:
7013:
6489:
6454:
6434:
6424:
6386:
4890:
4244:
3413:
2110:
2100:
1857:
1709:
842:
The first dated appearance of the title "pharaoh" being attached to a ruler's name occurs in Year 17 of
719:"Courtier of the High House", with specific reference to the buildings of the court or palace. From the
626:
7781:
4986:
1929:
alongside his father, the previous human ruler of Uruk. Another Mesopotamian example of a god-king was
637:, the "White Crown", was worn by the kings of Upper Egypt. After the unification of both kingdoms, the
1354:
7942:
7188:
6514:
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5842:
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2062:
1153:
751:
542:
384:
237:
1593:
with feathers and disks. Depictions of kings wearing the Atef crown originate from the Old Kingdom.
545:. The earliest confirmed instances of "pharaoh" used contemporaneously for a ruler were a letter to
7811:
7796:
7786:
7741:
6504:
6479:
6444:
6381:
5756:
5731:
4935:
4930:
4354:
3785:
3258:
3179:
2672:
2105:
2019:
2007:
1978:
743:
735:
198:
7887:
7882:
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6794:
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6358:
5368:
4940:
4915:
3982:
3757:
3312:
3275:
3174:
2422:
1930:
1692:
is the oldest and dates to the late pre-dynastic period. The Nesu Bity name was added during the
1330:
from the first dynasty. The cobra supposedly protected the king by spitting fire at its enemies.
984:
607:
538:
2549:
1752:
refers to "Horus the strong", etc. Later kings express ideals of kingship in their Horus names.
1740:, before the First Dynasty. The Horus name of several early kings expresses a relationship with
1384:
7983:
7801:
6849:
6828:
6722:
6689:
6401:
5736:
5358:
5238:
4860:
4788:
4446:
4249:
4239:
4171:
3497:
3270:
3211:
3010:
2985:
2962:
2918:
2875:
2824:
2597:
2591:
2484:
2428:
2338:
2311:
2247:
2222:
1982:
1860:
were contained in a cartouche. The prenomen often followed the King of Upper and Lower Egypt (
1833:
1825:
1266:
674:
466:
619:
7736:
7398:
7120:
7028:
6855:
6683:
6449:
6203:
5786:
5083:
4979:
4920:
4344:
4324:
3327:
3241:
3047:, Third Edition, Revised. London: Oxford University Press, 1964. Excursus A, pp. 71–76.
2954:
2085:
2003:
1994:
1974:
1013:
758:
became the form of address for a person who was king. The earliest confirmed instance where
724:
439:
433:
410:
20:
7912:
7594:
7436:
7110:
7095:
6800:
6770:
6729:
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6339:
6209:
5548:
5203:
4925:
4319:
3957:
3925:
3764:
2664:
2146:
2076:
1757:
1700:(Two Ladies) was first introduced toward the end of the First Dynasty. The Golden falcon (
1667:
1567:
1413:
1339:
1311:
1307:
1144:
In the sanctuaries, the image of the sovereign is omnipresent through parietal scenes and
1138:
992:
950:
906:
698:
495:
476:
2775:
1444:
This is the combination of the Deshret and Hedjet crowns into a double crown, called the
1283:. This is a long staff mounted with an animal head. The earliest known depictions of the
762:
is used specifically to address the ruler is in a letter to the eighteenth dynasty king,
2536:
2070:
7872:
7656:
7643:
7604:
7599:
7411:
7008:
6896:
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6373:
6329:
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5282:
5208:
5038:
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4359:
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3716:
3307:
2024:
1499:
1488:
1417:
1034:
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826:
642:
534:
162:
681:
471:
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7648:
7638:
7622:
7564:
7559:
7426:
7357:
7317:
6575:
6474:
6306:
6276:
5952:
5807:
5664:
5533:
5373:
5348:
5298:
4905:
4900:
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4885:
4692:
4623:
4613:
4475:
4229:
3977:
3920:
3873:
3710:
3669:
3100:
3041:
3009:. The Brill reference library of Judaism. Leiden Boston (Mass.): Brill. p. 208.
2184:
nb.f means "his lord", the monarchs were introduced with (.f) for his, (.k) for your.
2165:
2090:
2034:
1993:
Descriptions of the divinity of the Pharaoh are much more infrequent in sources from
1905:
1777:
1571:
1556:
1513:
1477:
1473:
1457:
1327:
1250:
1242:
1161:
969:
871:
661:. At times, a combination of these headdresses or crowns worn together was depicted.
515:
2480:
A Dictionary of the Sacred Language of All Scriptures and Myths (Routledge Revivals)
7614:
7574:
7523:
7085:
6660:
6494:
6484:
6459:
6311:
6261:
6220:
5946:
5858:
5746:
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5639:
5558:
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5518:
5343:
5053:
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4865:
4828:
4783:
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4687:
4677:
4593:
4309:
4186:
3995:
3936:
3796:
3743:
3648:
3369:
2593:
Egyptian Non-Royal Epithets in the Middle Kingdom: A Social and Historical Analysis
2135:
2039:
Pharaoh asserts himself as the creator of the universe and even of himself. In the
1961:, the divinity of the king was imbued as he possessed the manifestation of the god
1888:
1737:
1602:
1389:
1006:
902:
855:
778:
654:
557:
148:
2448:
2358:
1053:
633:
or the "Red Crown", was a representation of the kingdom of Lower Egypt, while the
3064:
7664:
7630:
7609:
7538:
7513:
7482:
7431:
7383:
6764:
6709:
6560:
6509:
6429:
6301:
6193:
6175:
6133:
6044:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5879:
5863:
5836:
5801:
5791:
5726:
5679:
5669:
5654:
5644:
5591:
5553:
5528:
5508:
5498:
5264:
5248:
5223:
5218:
5018:
4945:
4855:
4838:
4793:
4768:
4702:
4682:
4667:
4649:
4379:
4374:
4181:
4008:
3988:
3802:
3736:
3727:
3611:
3052:
Menschen – Heros – Gott: Weltentwürfe und Lebensmodelle im Mythos der Vormoderne
1958:
1753:
1663:
1633:
1433:
1277:
1246:
1217:
1149:
1076:
983:
In English, the term was at first spelled "Pharao", but the translators for the
530:
66:
58:
2676:
2530:
1165:, the political actions of the sovereign were framed by a single maxim: "Bring
7831:
7579:
7554:
7456:
7441:
7037:
6881:
6835:
6788:
6743:
6715:
6536:
6419:
6344:
6271:
6160:
5975:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5885:
5873:
5853:
5826:
5796:
5776:
5721:
5674:
5649:
5581:
5543:
5513:
5503:
5243:
5043:
5033:
4803:
4798:
4763:
4672:
4644:
4465:
4369:
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4349:
4334:
4142:
4136:
4050:
3778:
3596:
3533:
3408:
2958:
2052:
1909:
1797:
1697:
1689:
1270:
935:
914:
863:
714:
589:
583:
575:
507:
2966:
2616:
J-M. Kruchten, Les annales des pretres de Karnak (OLA 32), 1989, pp. 474–478.
598:) name. The Golden Horus and the nomen and prenomen titles were added later.
7691:
7589:
7584:
7569:
7549:
7508:
7498:
7466:
7446:
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4639:
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4002:
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3620:
1998:
1918:
1659:
1638:
1504:
headdress consists of a kind of "kerchief" whose end is tied similarly to a
890:
793:
792:(sixteenth to fourteenth centuries BCE) the title pharaoh was employed as a
763:
546:
155:
5063:
946:
1921:, thought to have reigned in Uruk as a contemporary of the Egyptian ruler
44:
7518:
7503:
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7461:
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7362:
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6635:
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5305:
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4114:
4080:
3964:
3950:
3943:
3930:
3894:
3634:
3280:
2903:
Toby A. H. Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt, Routledge 1999, pp. 57f.
1950:
1942:
1646:
1505:
658:
511:
7756:
2389:
1808:. The title links the king with the goddesses of Upper and Lower Egypt,
1018:
19:
This article is about the title in general. For a list of pharaohs, see
7877:
7867:
7826:
7533:
7528:
7367:
7342:
7337:
7309:
7288:
7228:
7193:
7090:
6868:
6807:
6650:
6334:
6145:
6139:
6127:
6008:
6003:
5940:
5919:
5764:
5716:
5616:
5606:
5331:
5228:
5198:
5180:
5169:
5152:
5104:
5097:
5028:
4950:
4598:
4406:
4392:
4304:
4255:
4161:
4104:
4055:
3888:
3878:
3858:
3791:
3641:
3069:
2266:
2041:
1962:
1837:
1809:
1801:
1745:
1614:
1610:
1541:
1445:
1401:
1254:
1238:
1186:
809:
727:", but again only with reference to the royal palace and not a person.
638:
630:
89:
84:
A typical depiction of a pharaoh usually depicted the king wearing the
54:
50:
1666:
that was discovered largely intact, contained such royal regalia as a
7857:
7322:
7283:
7241:
7158:
6775:
6645:
6282:
6165:
5770:
5741:
5611:
5586:
5378:
5312:
5138:
5131:
5058:
5013:
5007:
4833:
4753:
4339:
4166:
4119:
4073:
4045:
3971:
3849:
3808:
3690:
3655:
3627:
1970:
1926:
1922:
1813:
1733:
1590:
1582:
1537:
1533:
1517:
1492:
1429:
1409:
1405:
1323:
1232:
1145:
851:
847:
843:
634:
130:
95:
62:
1736:. The earliest known example of a serekh dates to the reign of king
1027:
593:
3045:
Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs
1981:
after his conquest of Egypt, and later still for the rulers of the
1245:. One of the earliest royal scepters was discovered in the tomb of
79:
7223:
7153:
7130:
7100:
6861:
6640:
6630:
6608:
6266:
5175:
5163:
5076:
4993:
4844:
4778:
4440:
4262:
4109:
4067:
4061:
3853:
3812:
3683:
3676:
3662:
1938:
1913:
1882:
1741:
1606:
1550:
1529:
1467:
1383:
1299:
1211:
1041:
729:
646:
134:
85:
987:
revived "Pharaoh" with "h" from the Hebrew. Meanwhile, in Egypt,
7327:
7148:
6613:
6603:
5993:
5868:
5069:
4399:
4219:
4201:
4086:
3868:
3863:
3697:
2029:
1925:, was cast as having had his mother as the Mesopotamian goddess
1749:
1618:
1586:
1453:
1182:
1174:
1166:
1047:
973:
859:
739:
723:
onward, the word appears in a wish formula "Great House, May it
650:
615:
7695:
7041:
6921:
6038:
5403:
4505:
3531:
3493:
3073:
4818:
2535:. Cornell University Library. London : D. Nutt. pp.
1841:
1070:
746:. Pharaohs' tombs were provided with vast quantities of wealth
570:
In the early dynasties, ancient Egyptian kings had as many as
419:
1261:-staff. The scepter with the longest history seems to be the
2028:
89:3 invokes Pharaoh describing himself as the god over the
1828:
or Golden Falcon name was preceded by a falcon on a gold or
1193:, applied to all, for the common good and social agreement.
3489:
1946:
1941:, and the unifier of Upper and Lower Egypt. By the time of
1937:, the Pharaoh was represented as the divine incarnation of
1869:
1178:
457:
448:
422:
1712:
were introduced later and are traditionally enclosed in a
1295:-scepter is shown in the hands of both kings and deities.
929:
3054:(Stuttgart, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2009), pp. 11–26.
1269:. A scepter was found in a tomb at Abydos that dates to
854:". This new practice was continued under his successor,
1456:, and is otherwise surely attested during the reign of
804:(eighth to seventh centuries BCE, during the declining
1756:
refers to "Horus: the two powers are at peace", while
706:
696:
679:
1868:) title. The prenomen often incorporated the name of
445:
416:
1776:, was one of the new developments from the reign of
964:(here, always referring to the one evil king in the
489:
454:
356:
334:
308:
286:
260:
209:
7845:
7764:
7727:
7491:
7376:
7308:
7128:
7073:
6574:
6559:
6400:
6372:
6357:
6320:
6292:
6252:
6234:
6184:
6117:
6102:
6069:
6060:
5984:
5961:
5894:
5817:
5755:
5707:
5692:
5625:
5572:
5484:
5469:
5434:
5425:
5322:
5281:
5189:
5121:
4969:
4737:
4722:
4658:
4632:
4584:
4569:
4536:
4527:
4456:
4416:
4291:
4276:
4210:
4152:
4095:
4036:
4021:
3911:
3840:
3825:
3726:
3610:
3595:
3562:
3553:
1448:crown. It is first documented in the middle of the
881:The title is reconstructed to have been pronounced
556:–1336 BCE) or an inscription possibly referring to
442:
413:
194:
184:
173:
141:
126:
116:
111:
107:
73:
34:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2552:Temples of Armant, a Preliminary Survey: The Text,
1452:. The earliest depiction may date to the reign of
625:During the early days prior to the unification of
1872:. The nomen often followed the title, Son of Re (
1241:and staves were a general symbol of authority in
1276:Another scepter associated with the king is the
2221:. Verlag Philipp von Zabern. pp. 266–267.
1257:is shown on stone vessels carrying a so-called
893:derived the name of one of the Egyptian kings,
2943:"The Divinity of the Pharaoh in Greek Sources"
2006:in the 1st century BCE, who in turn relies on
1253:. Kings were also known to carry a staff, and
7707:
7053:
3505:
3085:
878:, continued in official Egyptian narratives.
808:) it was, at least in ordinary use, the only
8:
2872:The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt
1965:; this was referred to as his 'living royal
1516:, but is not found again until the reign of
972:'s story). The Arabic combines the original
777:first might have been applied personally to
2894:, Oxford University Press 2000, p. 477
2843:. Thames and Hudson, 2012, pp. 21, 77.
2631:, Vol. 19, No. 1/2 (May, 1933) pp. 193–200.
2554:The Egypt Exploration Society, London, 1940
2267:"Strong's Hebrew Concordance - 6547. Paroh"
1412:is shown wearing the red crown on both the
1105:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
846:(tenth century BCE) on a fragment from the
451:
7714:
7700:
7692:
7060:
7046:
7038:
6918:
6571:
6369:
6114:
6066:
6057:
6035:
5704:
5481:
5431:
5422:
5400:
4734:
4581:
4533:
4524:
4502:
4288:
4033:
3837:
3607:
3559:
3550:
3528:
3512:
3498:
3490:
3092:
3078:
3070:
3035:The Pharaoh, Life at Court and on Campaign
2841:The Pharaoh, Life at Court and on Campaign
360:
338:
312:
290:
264:
213:
31:
2915:Egypt, trunk of the tree. 1: The contexts
2572:. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2008.
2532:Illahun, Kahun and Gurob : 1889-1890
2421:Hagen, Rose-Marie; Hagen, Rainer (2007).
1973:domination of Egypt. The Persian emperor
1125:Learn how and when to remove this message
7853:Fan-bearer on the Right Side of the King
2731:
2729:
2702:
2700:
1632:
1432:, was worn in the Predynastic Period by
88:headdress, a false beard, and an ornate
7999:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
2688:Walter C. Till: "Koptische Grammatik".
2427:. New Holland Publishers Pty, Limited.
2197:
2123:
968:story, by contrast to the good king in
2644:Diodorus Siculus, Book 1: A Commentary
2390:"Pharaoh – World History Encyclopedia"
2334:Historical Dictionary of Ancient Egypt
1876:), or the title, Lord of Appearances (
1326:—a rearing cobra—is from the reign of
2936:
2934:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2517:Hieratic Papyrus from Kahun and Gurob
2369:from the original on 27 November 1999
1566:-2298 BCE) wearing a nemes headdress
862:", whom all Egyptologists concur was
823:on its own, was used as regularly as
7:
3454:
2786:from the original on 18 January 2022
2625:Alan Gardiner, "The Dakhleh Stela",
2219:Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen
1800:) name comes from the reign of king
1760:refers to "Horus, Lord of the Sun".
1428:The white crown of Upper Egypt, the
1103:adding citations to reliable sources
691:"great house", written with the two
7846:Courtly and administrative titulary
3474:
2892:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
1704:) name is not well understood. The
1476:, ivory label found at his tomb in
1322:The earliest evidence known of the
954:
910:
812:prefixed to the royal appellative.
2982:Egyptian cultural icons in Midrash
2640:Herodotus, Histories 2.111.1. See
2402:from the original on 20 April 2021
1512:headdress comes from the reign of
1400:The red crown of Lower Egypt, the
14:
3202:Ancient Egyptian race controversy
2917:. Algora Publ. pp. 151–157.
2388:Mark, Joshua (2 September 2009).
1985:that succeeded Alexander's rule.
1532:headdress dates from the time of
1508:. The earliest depictions of the
1392:. Made of cedar wood and plaster
1302:later was closely related to the
889:, from which the Greek historian
7936:
7755:
7676:
7675:
7119:
3473:
3463:
3453:
3444:
3443:
3432:
3395:
2870:Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan.
2244:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
2069:
2055:
1840:are representations of (golden)
1645:Also called the blue crown, the
1617:crowns. It is an ornate, triple
1365:
1353:
1075:
438:
409:
78:
43:
16:Title of Ancient Egyptian rulers
3464:
2671:Pessach-Ausgabe Nr. 109, 2009,
2628:Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
2459:from the original on 2022-05-18
2277:from the original on 2022-10-18
1748:refers to "Horus the fighter",
1680:Ancient Egyptian royal titulary
750:Sometime during the era of the
725:Live, Prosper, and be in Health
3065:Digital Egypt for Universities
2304:Wilkinson, Toby A. H. (2002).
2217:von Beckerath, Jürgen (1999).
1605:is usually depicted on top of
1360:Narmer wearing the white crown
166:(to be called pharaoh; CE 314)
1:
7822:Servant in the Place of Truth
6532:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
2953:(2): 841–844, also see n. 1.
2874:. Thames & Hudson. 2004.
2550:Robert Mond and O.H. Meyers.
2331:Bierbrier, Morris L. (2008).
2169:
2150:
2139:
1589:crown, which is an elaborate
1560:
1481:
1393:
1221:
1016:"the" (from ancient Egyptian
976:from Egyptian along with the
796:of the ruler. About the late
782:
767:
561:
550:
523:
177:
7903:Royal sealer (Ancient Egypt)
2913:Najovits, Simson R. (2003).
2694:, Leipzig, 1961. p. 62.
2365:. The British Museum. 1999.
1864:) or Lord of the Two Lands (
1688:kings had three titles. The
1372:Narmer wearing the red crown
1045:for "monarch or sovereign";
930:
707:
697:
680:
673:ultimately derives from the
490:
7068:Kushite monarchs and rulers
6465:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
3387:Egypt–Mesopotamia relations
3207:Population history of Egypt
2449:"The royal crowns of Egypt"
1623:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
1544:shows the king wearing the
1025:Other notable epithets are
905:, the title also occurs as
8020:
7893:Overseer of the treasuries
5364:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
4748:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
4512:Second Intermediate Period
3037:, Thames and Hudson, 2012.
2780:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2765:. Routledge, 2001, p. 162.
2752:. Routledge, 2001, p. 161.
2739:. Routledge, 2001, p. 160.
2723:. Routledge, 2001, p. 159.
2710:. Routledge, 2001, p. 158.
2570:. Ultimate Reference Suite
2519:, F. LL. Griffith, 38, 17.
2395:World History Encyclopedia
2204:
1792:The earliest example of a
1677:
1337:
1200:
1064:
922:
898:
480:
18:
7931:
7772:Divine Adoratrice of Amun
7753:
7722:Ancient Egyptian titulary
7673:
7117:
7026:
6928:
6917:
6815:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
6505:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
6056:
6034:
5421:
5410:Third Intermediate Period
5399:
4523:
4501:
3549:
3538:First Intermediate Period
3527:
3427:
3404:
3393:
3131:
3108:
2959:10.1017/S000983881400007X
2854:The Murder of Tutankhamen
2648:, commenting on ch. 59.1.
2453:Egypt Exploration Society
2246:(3rd ed.), Longman,
2096:Coronation of the pharaoh
1436:, and, later, by Narmer.
806:Third Intermediate Period
588:), and the Two Ladies or
499:
103:
77:
42:
7943:Ancient Egypt portal
6527:Cleopatra VII Philopator
4784:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
3542: (<3150–2040 BC)
3439:Ancient Egypt portal
2941:Collins, Andrew (2014).
2505:Ancient Egyptian Grammar
1472:Uraeus depicted on king
1067:Functions of the Pharaoh
1031:, translated to "king";
510:term often used for the
25:Pharaoh (disambiguation)
7964:Ancient Egyptian titles
7898:Overseer of Upper Egypt
6500:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
6415:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
4709:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
2947:The Classical Quarterly
2691:VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie
2568:Encyclopædia Britannica
2507:(3rd edn, 1957), 71–76.
2242:Wells, John C. (2008),
1181:who fights the serpent
794:reverential designation
7989:Positions of authority
7817:Second Prophet of Amun
6542:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
6521:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
6515:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
6470:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
6440:Arsinoe III Philopator
5354:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
4824:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
4764:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
4355:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
3005:Kalimi, Isaac (2016).
2819:Wilkinson, Toby A. H.
2761:Wilkinson, Toby A. H.
2748:Wilkinson, Toby A. H.
2735:Wilkinson, Toby A. H.
2719:Wilkinson, Toby A. H.
2706:Wilkinson, Toby A. H.
2596:. BRILL. p. 119.
1957:). By the time of the
1891:
1887:Nomen and prenomen of
1642:
1574:
1495:
1450:First Dynasty of Egypt
1397:
1334:Crowns and headdresses
1235:
1203:Regalia of the Pharaoh
887:Late Egyptian language
747:
159:(officeholder; 30 BCE)
23:. For other uses, see
8004:Egyptian royal titles
7994:Monarchs in the Torah
7792:High Priest of Osiris
6490:Ptolemy X Alexander I
6455:Ptolemy VI Philometor
6435:Ptolemy IV Philopator
6430:Berenice II Euergetes
6425:Ptolemy III Euergetes
6387:Philip III Arrhidaeus
4896:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
4891:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
4245:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
3113:Glossary of artifacts
2980:Ulmer, Rivka (2009).
2111:Pharaohs in the Bible
2101:Curse of the pharaohs
1935:Early Dynastic Period
1886:
1686:Early Dynastic Period
1636:
1585:is shown to wear the
1554:
1471:
1387:
1287:-scepter date to the
1215:
868:Twenty-second Dynasty
833:Twenty-Second Dynasty
733:
693:biliteral hieroglyphs
627:Upper and Lower Egypt
601:In Egyptian society,
518:, who ruled from the
98:of the Third Dynasty)
7189:Amenhotep called Huy
6923:Dynastic genealogies
6547:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
5843:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
5757:High Priests of Amun
5259:Merankhre Mentuhotep
4961:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
4956:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
4809:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
4516: (2040–1550 BC)
4235:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
2821:Early Dynastic Egypt
2763:Early Dynastic Egypt
2750:Early Dynastic Egypt
2737:Early Dynastic Egypt
2721:Early Dynastic Egypt
2708:Early Dynastic Egypt
2642:Anne Burton (1972).
2477:Gaskell, G. (2016).
2307:Early Dynastic Egypt
2063:Ancient Egypt portal
1772:name, also known as
1154:separation of powers
1099:improve this section
913:; from that, in the
866:—the founder of the
837:Twenty-third Dynasty
802:Twenty-Fifth Dynasty
798:Twenty-first Dynasty
7812:Priestess of Hathor
7797:High Priest of Ptah
7787:High Priest of Amun
7742:Khenemetneferhedjet
6445:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
6382:Alexander the Great
5414: (1550–664 BC)
4936:Mershepsesre Ini II
4931:Merkawre Sobekhotep
4325:Neferkare IV Khendu
3259:Cursive hieroglyphs
2337:. Scarecrow Press.
2106:Egyptian chronology
2020:rabbinic literature
2014:Rabbinic literature
2008:Hecataeus of Abdera
1979:Alexander the Great
1229:Museum of Fine Arts
1208:Scepters and staves
980:ending from Greek.
949:likewise spells it
744:Valley of the Kings
736:Mask of Tutankhamun
531:annexation of Egypt
7888:Overseer of fields
7883:Overseer of cattle
7782:God's Wife of Amun
7765:Religious titulary
6782:Trebonianus Gallus
5369:Senakhtenre Ahmose
4987:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
4941:Sewahenre Senebmiu
4916:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
4345:Neferkare V Tereru
4315:Neferkare III Neby
3983:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
3232:Funerary practices
2823:. Routledge, 2001
2663:2017-03-16 at the
2363:AncientEgypt.co.uk
2130:Likely pronounced
1931:Naram-Sin of Akkad
1892:
1848:Nomen and prenomen
1643:
1637:Khepresh crown on
1575:
1496:
1398:
1236:
1216:Beaded scepter of
817:Nineteenth dynasty
790:Eighteenth dynasty
748:
608:commander-in-chief
539:Eighteenth Dynasty
127:First monarch
121:Five-name titulary
7951:
7950:
7802:High Priest of Ra
7689:
7688:
7035:
7034:
7022:
7021:
6913:
6912:
6909:
6908:
6905:
6904:
6829:Claudius Gothicus
6723:Severus Alexander
6690:Septimius Severus
6555:
6554:
6353:
6352:
6098:
6097:
6030:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6021:
5737:Osorkon the Elder
5688:
5687:
5465:
5464:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5359:Nubkheperre Intef
5239:Sekhemre Shedwast
4861:Sehetepkare Intef
4789:Semenkare Nebnuni
4718:
4717:
4565:
4564:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4272:
4271:
4250:Netjerkare Siptah
4172:Neferirkare Kakai
4017:
4016:
3821:
3820:
3591:
3590:
3487:
3486:
3242:Great Royal Wives
3212:Prehistoric Egypt
3016:978-90-04-32454-1
2991:978-3-11-022392-7
2829:978-0-415-26011-4
2776:"Guardian Figure"
2490:978-1-317-58942-6
2434:978-3-8228-5458-7
2344:978-0-8108-6250-0
2317:978-1-134-66420-7
1983:Ptolemaic Kingdom
1654:Physical evidence
1267:prehistoric Egypt
1135:
1134:
1127:
928:
488:
402:
401:
372:
371:
368:
367:
353:
352:
349:
348:
331:
330:
327:
326:
305:
304:
301:
300:
283:
282:
279:
278:
255:
254:
227:
226:
223:
222:
204:
203:
152:(native; 343 BCE)
142:Last monarch
8011:
7941:
7940:
7939:
7759:
7737:Great Royal Wife
7716:
7709:
7702:
7693:
7679:
7678:
7399:Amaninatakilebte
7123:
7062:
7055:
7048:
7039:
7029:List of pharaohs
6919:
6684:Pescennius Niger
6572:
6568:
6567:
6480:Ptolemy IX Soter
6450:Cleopatra I Syra
6370:
6366:
6365:
6115:
6111:
6110:
6067:
6058:
6051:
6050:
6036:
5787:Djedkhonsuefankh
5705:
5701:
5700:
5482:
5478:
5477:
5452:
5447:
5432:
5423:
5416:
5415:
5401:
4994:Qareh Khawoserre
4980:Yakbim Sekhaenre
4921:Mersekhemre Ined
4735:
4731:
4730:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4534:
4525:
4518:
4517:
4503:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4034:
4030:
4029:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3560:
3551:
3544:
3543:
3529:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3491:
3477:
3476:
3467:
3466:
3457:
3456:
3447:
3446:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3399:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3071:
3021:
3020:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2938:
2929:
2928:
2910:
2904:
2901:
2895:
2888:
2882:
2868:
2857:
2850:
2844:
2837:
2831:
2817:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2772:
2766:
2759:
2753:
2746:
2740:
2733:
2724:
2717:
2711:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2680:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2638:
2632:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2588:Doxey, Denise M.
2584:
2573:
2563:
2557:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2455:. 7 March 2019.
2445:
2439:
2438:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2155:
2152:
2144:
2141:
2128:
2086:List of pharaohs
2079:
2074:
2073:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2004:Diodorus Siculus
1995:Classical Greece
1989:Classical Greece
1975:Darius the Great
1565:
1562:
1486:
1483:
1395:
1369:
1357:
1226:
1223:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1110:
1079:
1071:
1051:for "lord"; and
1014:definite article
997:
990:
985:King James Bible
956:
945:stem nouns. The
933:
927:romanized:
926:
924:
912:
900:
884:
787:
784:
772:
769:
710:
702:
690:
685:
566:
563:
555:
552:
528:
525:
501:
493:
487:romanized:
486:
484:
483:
464:
463:
460:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
437:
429:
428:
425:
424:
421:
418:
415:
381:and Lower Egypt"
361:
357:
339:
335:
313:
309:
291:
287:
265:
261:
257:
256:
214:
210:
206:
205:
179:
82:
47:
38:
32:
21:List of pharaohs
8019:
8018:
8014:
8013:
8012:
8010:
8009:
8008:
7954:
7953:
7952:
7947:
7937:
7935:
7927:
7913:Viceroy of Kush
7841:
7760:
7751:
7723:
7720:
7690:
7685:
7669:
7595:Amanikhareqerem
7487:
7437:Amanineteyerike
7372:
7304:
7124:
7115:
7096:Kingdom of Kush
7069:
7066:
7036:
7031:
7018:
6924:
6901:
6801:Macrianus Minor
6730:Maximinus Thrax
6666:Marcus Aurelius
6565:
6564:
6563:
6551:
6410:Ptolemy I Soter
6396:
6363:
6362:
6361:
6349:
6316:
6288:
6248:
6230:
6210:Psammetichus IV
6180:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6094:
6072:
6063:
6052:
6049:(664 BC–313 AD)
6048:
6047:
6018:
5980:
5957:
5953:Menkheperre Ini
5890:
5813:
5751:
5698:
5697:
5696:
5684:
5621:
5568:
5549:Neferneferuaten
5475:
5474:
5473:
5461:
5460:
5450:
5445:
5444:Pharaohs
5437:
5428:
5417:
5413:
5412:
5383:
5318:
5277:
5204:Sobekhotep VIII
5185:
5117:
4965:
4926:Sewadjkare Hori
4728:
4727:
4726:
4714:
4654:
4628:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4561:
4539:
4530:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4485:
4452:
4412:
4320:Djedkare Shemai
4282:
4281:
4280:
4268:
4206:
4148:
4091:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4013:
3907:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3817:
3722:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3587:
3565:
3556:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3523:
3518:
3488:
3483:
3433:
3431:
3423:
3400:
3391:
3127:
3104:
3098:
3061:
3033:Shaw, Garry J.
3030:
3025:
3024:
3017:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2940:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2889:
2885:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2847:
2839:Shaw, Garry J.
2838:
2834:
2818:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2760:
2756:
2747:
2743:
2734:
2727:
2718:
2714:
2705:
2698:
2687:
2683:
2665:Wayback Machine
2656:
2652:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2586:
2585:
2576:
2564:
2560:
2548:
2544:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2462:
2460:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2405:
2403:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2280:
2278:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2154: 1700 BCE
2153:
2147:Middle Egyptian
2143: 2500 BCE
2142:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2077:Monarchy portal
2075:
2068:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2016:
1991:
1902:
1897:
1850:
1822:
1790:
1766:
1730:
1720:, the official
1682:
1676:
1668:crook and flail
1656:
1631:
1599:
1580:
1568:Brooklyn Museum
1563:
1526:
1485: 3000 BCE
1484:
1466:
1442:
1426:
1414:Narmer Macehead
1382:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1340:Crowns of Egypt
1336:
1320:
1312:Narmer Macehead
1308:crook and flail
1224:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1131:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1096:
1080:
1069:
1063:
995:
785:
770:
721:Twelfth Dynasty
667:
564:
553:
527: 3150 BCE
526:
496:Biblical Hebrew
481:
441:
432:
431:
412:
408:
382:
380:
379:"King of Upper
378:
355:
354:
333:
332:
322:
317:
307:
306:
285:
284:
274:
269:
235:
233:
218:
169:
165:
158:
151:
99:
93:
69:
36:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8017:
8015:
8007:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7969:Heads of state
7966:
7956:
7955:
7949:
7948:
7946:
7945:
7932:
7929:
7928:
7926:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7873:Khekeret-nisut
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7849:
7847:
7843:
7842:
7840:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7768:
7766:
7762:
7761:
7754:
7752:
7750:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7733:
7731:
7729:Royal titulary
7725:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7718:
7711:
7704:
7696:
7687:
7686:
7674:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7667:
7662:
7659:
7657:Yesebokheamani
7654:
7651:
7646:
7644:Tamelerdeamani
7641:
7636:
7633:
7628:
7625:
7620:
7619:Aritenyesbokhe
7617:
7612:
7607:
7605:Amanikhatashan
7602:
7600:Amanitenmemide
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7544:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7495:
7493:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7485:
7480:
7479:Arikepiankhiqo
7477:
7476:Kash(...)amani
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7412:Amaniastabarqa
7409:
7404:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7380:
7378:
7377:Early Meroitic
7374:
7373:
7371:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7314:
7312:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7302:
7299:
7294:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7278:
7273:
7270:
7265:
7262:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7135:
7133:
7126:
7125:
7118:
7116:
7114:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7077:
7075:
7071:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7064:
7057:
7050:
7042:
7033:
7032:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7020:
7019:
7017:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6938:
6935:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6922:
6915:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6907:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6899:
6897:Maximinus Daza
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6872:
6865:
6858:
6853:
6846:
6839:
6832:
6825:
6818:
6811:
6804:
6797:
6792:
6785:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6761:
6754:
6747:
6740:
6733:
6726:
6719:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6680:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6656:Antoninus Pius
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6580:
6578:
6569:
6566:(30 BC–313 AD)
6557:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6406:
6404:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6378:
6376:
6367:
6355:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6330:Artaxerxes III
6326:
6324:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6298:
6296:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6286:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6258:
6256:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6240:
6238:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6206:
6201:
6199:Petubastis III
6196:
6190:
6188:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6136:
6131:
6123:
6121:
6112:
6100:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6092:
6087:
6086:
6085:
6082:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6064:
6061:
6054:
6053:
6039:
6032:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5990:
5988:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5978:
5973:
5967:
5965:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5955:
5950:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5900:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5823:
5821:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5811:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5767:
5761:
5759:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5713:
5711:
5702:
5694:3 Intermediate
5690:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5631:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5578:
5576:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5490:
5488:
5479:
5476:(1550–1070 BC)
5467:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5429:
5426:
5419:
5418:
5404:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5334:
5328:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5309:
5302:
5295:
5287:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5268:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5209:Neferhotep III
5206:
5201:
5195:
5193:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5135:
5127:
5125:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5073:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5039:Sewadjkare III
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5008:Maaibre Sheshi
5004:
5001:'Ammu Ahotepre
4997:
4990:
4983:
4975:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4911:Merhotepre Ini
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4871:Sobekhotep III
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4743:
4741:
4732:
4729:(1802–1550 BC)
4724:2 Intermediate
4720:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4664:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4619:Mentuhotep III
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4579:
4576:(2040–1802 BC)
4571:Middle Kingdom
4567:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4521:
4520:
4508:Middle Kingdom
4506:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4471:Neferkare VIII
4468:
4462:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4443:
4438:
4436:Nebkaure Khety
4433:
4428:
4426:Meryibre Khety
4422:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4360:Neferkamin Anu
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4286:
4283:(2181–2040 BC)
4278:1 Intermediate
4274:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4197:Djedkare Isesi
4194:
4192:Menkauhor Kaiu
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4158:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4101:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4065:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4042:
4040:
4031:
4028:(2686–2181 BC)
4019:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3980:
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3898:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3846:
3844:
3835:
3832:(3150–2686 BC)
3827:Early Dynastic
3823:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3806:
3799:
3794:
3789:
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3059:External links
3057:
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3022:
3015:
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2856:, 1998, p. 95.
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2253:978-1405881180
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2228:978-3422008328
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2173: 800 BCE
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2025:Genesis Rabbah
2015:
2012:
1990:
1987:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1849:
1846:
1821:
1818:
1789:
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1764:Nesu Bity name
1762:
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1718:Middle Kingdom
1678:Main article:
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1641:, 18th dynasty
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1347:Narmer Palette
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1338:Main article:
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1306:-scepter (the
1209:
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1201:Main article:
1198:
1195:
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1132:
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1065:Main article:
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993:Sahidic Coptic
966:Book of Exodus
934:, and then in
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535:Roman Republic
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163:Maximinus Daza
160:
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137:(by tradition)
128:
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118:
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113:
109:
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100:
83:
75:
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48:
40:
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15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
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8016:
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7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
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7808:
7807:Lector priest
7805:
7803:
7800:
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7694:
7684:
7683:
7672:
7666:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7649:Talakhidamani
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7639:Teqorideamani
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7623:Amanitaraqide
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
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7593:
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7565:Shanakdakhete
7563:
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7560:Amanishakheto
7558:
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7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7494:
7492:Late Meroitic
7490:
7484:
7481:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7427:Malewiebamani
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
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7387:
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7364:
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7358:Senkamanisken
7356:
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7336:
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7307:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:Ramessesnakht
7271:
7269:
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7260:
7258:
7255:
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6607:
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6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6475:Cleopatra III
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
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6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
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6411:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6360:
6356:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6319:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6299:
6297:
6295:
6291:
6285:
6284:
6280:
6278:
6277:Nepherites II
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6245:
6242:
6241:
6239:
6237:
6233:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6187:
6183:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6141:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6113:
6105:
6101:
6091:
6088:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6068:
6065:
6059:
6055:
6046:
6042:
6037:
6033:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5921:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5816:
5810:
5809:
5808:Psusennes III
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5772:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5710:
5706:
5703:
5699:(1069–664 BC)
5695:
5691:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5665:Ramesses VIII
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5534:Amenhotep III
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5472:
5468:
5457:
5454:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5433:
5430:
5424:
5420:
5411:
5407:
5402:
5398:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5374:Seqenenre Tao
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5349:Sobekemsaf II
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5299:Wepwawetemsaf
5296:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5274:
5273:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4906:Merneferre Ay
4904:
4902:
4901:Wahibre Ibiau
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4886:Sobekhotep IV
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4725:
4721:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4693:Amenemhat III
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4625:
4624:Mentuhotep IV
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4614:Mentuhotep II
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4580:
4572:
4568:
4558:
4555:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4535:
4532:
4526:
4522:
4513:
4509:
4504:
4500:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4476:Wahkare Khety
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4431:Neferkare VII
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4279:
4275:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4024:
4020:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3978:Seth-Peribsen
3976:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3921:Hotepsekhemwy
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3828:
3824:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3712:
3711:Double Falcon
3709:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3602:(pre-3150 BC)
3598:
3597:Protodynastic
3594:
3584:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3552:
3548:
3539:
3535:
3534:Protodynastic
3530:
3526:
3522:
3515:
3510:
3508:
3503:
3501:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3480:
3472:
3470:
3462:
3460:
3452:
3450:
3442:
3440:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3414:Egyptologists
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3398:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3102:
3101:Ancient Egypt
3095:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3042:Alan Gardiner
3039:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3018:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2924:9780875862347
2920:
2916:
2909:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2880:0-500-05128-3
2877:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2645:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2605:
2603:90-04-11077-1
2599:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2565:"pharaoh" in
2562:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:A. Gardiner,
2500:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2483:. Routledge.
2482:
2481:
2473:
2470:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2417:
2414:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2384:
2381:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2327:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2310:. Routledge.
2309:
2308:
2300:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2191:
2181:
2178:
2167:
2166:Late Egyptian
2163:
2159:
2148:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2117:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2091:Roman pharaoh
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2035:Exodus Rabbah
2031:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1933:. During the
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1906:Ancient Egypt
1900:Ancient Egypt
1899:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1806:First Dynasty
1803:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1694:First Dynasty
1691:
1687:
1681:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1658:Egyptologist
1653:
1651:
1648:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1558:
1555:Statuette of
1553:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1408:, and later,
1407:
1403:
1396:1919–1885 BCE
1391:
1386:
1379:
1368:
1356:
1341:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1289:First Dynasty
1286:
1282:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:ancient Egypt
1240:
1234:
1230:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1162:Pyramid Texts
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1129:
1126:
1118:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1084:This section
1082:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1058:
1057:for "ruler".
1056:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1039:, "Majesty";
1038:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1000:
994:
991:evolved into
986:
981:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
952:
948:
944:
940:
937:
932:
920:
916:
908:
904:
896:
892:
888:
879:
877:
873:
872:Alan Gardiner
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
838:
834:
830:
829:
828:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
780:
776:
765:
761:
757:
753:
745:
741:
737:
732:
728:
726:
722:
718:
716:
711:
709:
703:
701:
700:
694:
686:
684:
683:
676:
672:
664:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
604:
599:
597:
596:
591:
587:
586:
581:
580:Sedge and Bee
577:
573:
568:
559:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
521:
520:First Dynasty
517:
516:ancient Egypt
513:
509:
505:
497:
492:
478:
474:
473:
468:
462:
435:
427:
406:
398:
397:
394:
393:
390:
389:
386:
376:
375:
363:
362:
359:
358:
344:
341:
340:
337:
336:
320:
315:
314:
311:
310:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
272:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:
251:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
234:"Great house"
231:
230:
216:
215:
212:
211:
208:
207:
200:
197:
193:
190:
189:Varies by era
187:
183:
176:
172:
164:
161:
157:
154:
150:
147:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
110:
106:
102:
97:
91:
87:
81:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
53:combined the
52:
46:
41:
33:
30:
26:
22:
7979:Noble titles
7974:Royal titles
7863:High steward
7746:
7680:
7661:Patrapeamani
7627:Amanikhedolo
7615:Amanikhalika
7575:Amanikhabale
7524:Adikhalamani
7403:Piankhariten
7129:Viceroys at
7105:
7081:Main article
6874:
6867:
6860:
6848:
6841:
6834:
6827:
6820:
6813:
6806:
6799:
6787:
6780:
6763:
6756:
6749:
6742:
6735:
6728:
6721:
6714:
6682:
6675:
6661:Lucius Verus
6618:
6519:
6495:Berenice III
6485:Cleopatra IV
6460:Cleopatra II
6392:Alexander IV
6312:Nectanebo II
6281:
6262:Nepherites I
6221:Artaxerxes I
6208:
6138:
6126:
6109:(664–332 BC)
6089:
6045:Roman Period
5947:Shoshenq VII
5945:
5918:
5878:
5859:Shoshenq III
5841:
5806:
5769:
5747:Psusennes II
5660:Ramesses VII
5640:Ramesses III
5524:Amenhotep II
5519:Thutmose III
5455:
5344:Sobekemsaf I
5336:
5311:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5270:
5263:
5168:
5151:
5146:'Aper-'Anati
5144:
5137:
5130:
5110:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5054:Sekheperenre
5006:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4876:Neferhotep I
4866:Seth Meribre
4843:
4829:Djedkheperew
4746:
4707:
4698:Amenemhat IV
4688:Senusret III
4678:Amenemhat II
4594:Mentuhotep I
4556:
4445:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4310:Neferkare II
4261:
4254:
4187:Nyuserre Ini
4141:
4124:
4079:
4072:
4060:
4001:
3996:Neferkasokar
3994:
3987:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3900:
3893:
3801:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3744:Finger Snail
3742:
3735:
3715:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3582:
3520:
3322:
3141:Architecture
3051:
3044:
3034:
3028:Bibliography
3006:
3000:
2981:
2975:
2950:
2946:
2914:
2908:
2899:
2891:
2886:
2871:
2853:
2848:
2840:
2835:
2820:
2788:. Retrieved
2770:
2762:
2757:
2749:
2744:
2736:
2720:
2715:
2707:
2689:
2684:
2668:
2653:
2643:
2636:
2626:
2621:
2612:
2592:
2566:
2561:
2551:
2545:
2531:
2524:
2516:
2512:
2504:
2499:
2479:
2472:
2461:. Retrieved
2452:
2443:
2423:
2416:
2404:. Retrieved
2393:
2383:
2371:. Retrieved
2362:
2353:
2333:
2326:
2306:
2299:
2290:
2279:. Retrieved
2270:
2261:
2243:
2237:
2218:
2212:
2205:Clayton 1995
2200:
2180:
2161:
2157:
2136:Old Egyptian
2131:
2126:
2040:
2033:
2023:
2017:
1992:
1966:
1954:
1903:
1889:Ramesses III
1877:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1851:
1829:
1826:Golden Horus
1823:
1820:Golden Horus
1793:
1791:
1781:
1769:
1767:
1731:
1701:
1683:
1657:
1644:
1603:Hemhem crown
1600:
1581:
1545:
1527:
1509:
1500:
1497:
1443:
1427:
1399:
1321:
1303:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1262:
1258:
1237:
1160:
1158:
1143:
1136:
1121:
1112:
1097:Please help
1085:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1033:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1017:
1009:
1007:rebracketing
1002:
998:
982:
977:
961:
957:
942:
938:
903:Hebrew Bible
880:
875:
856:Psusennes II
841:
825:
824:
820:
814:
779:Thutmose III
774:
759:
755:
749:
713:
705:
704:"house" and
695:
689:/ˌpaɾuwˈʕaʀ/
678:
670:
668:
655:Hemhem crown
624:
600:
594:
584:
572:three titles
569:
567:–1425 BCE).
558:Thutmose III
529:) until the
503:
470:
404:
403:
149:Nectanebo II
29:
7665:Amanipilade
7635:Mashadakhel
7631:Takideamani
7610:Tarekeniwal
7543:Pakhedateqo
7539:Tanyidamani
7514:Arnekhamani
7483:Sabrakamani
7432:Talakhamani
7384:Aramatle-qo
7159:Amenemnekhu
7074:Main topics
6765:Gordian III
6710:Diadumenian
6510:Cleopatra V
6364:(332–30 BC)
6359:Hellenistic
6302:Nectanebo I
6194:Cambyses II
6176:Psamtik III
6134:Tefnakht II
5936:Takelot III
5931:Osorkon III
5926:Shoshenq VI
5880:Pedubast II
5864:Shoshenq IV
5837:Shoshenq II
5802:Pinedjem II
5792:Menkheperre
5727:Psusennes I
5680:Ramesses XI
5670:Ramesses IX
5655:Ramesses VI
5645:Ramesses IV
5592:Ramesses II
5554:Tutankhamun
5529:Thutmose IV
5509:Thutmose II
5499:Amenhotep I
5471:New Kingdom
5406:New Kingdom
5265:Senusret IV
5249:Dedumose II
5224:Nebiriau II
5219:Nebiryraw I
5214:Mentuhotepi
5019:Khakherewre
4946:Merkheperre
4856:Imyremeshaw
4839:Sedjefakare
4794:Sehetepibre
4769:Ameny Qemau
4703:Sobekneferu
4683:Senusret II
4668:Amenemhat I
4650:Iyibkhentre
4380:Neferirkare
4375:Neferkauhor
4182:Shepseskare
4023:Old Kingdom
4009:Khasekhemwy
3989:Neferkara I
3958:Weneg-Nebty
3803:Scorpion II
3479:WikiProject
3293:Mathematics
3254:Hieroglyphs
3168:Portraiture
3136:Agriculture
3123:Main topics
2852:Bob Brier,
2406:20 December
2373:20 December
1959:New Kingdom
1754:Khasekhemwy
1684:During the
1664:Tutankhamun
1564: 2338
1548:headdress.
1434:Scorpion II
1247:Khasekhemwy
1227:-2680 BCE,
1225: 2890
1218:Khasekhemwy
1150:iconography
1115:August 2024
970:surah Yusuf
919:Koinē Greek
895:Koinē Greek
870:—including
786: 1479
771: 1353
752:New Kingdom
565: 1479
554: 1353
543:New Kingdom
541:during the
385:hieroglyphs
238:hieroglyphs
67:Upper Egypt
63:White Crown
59:Lower Egypt
35:Pharaoh of
7958:Categories
7832:Two Ladies
7777:God's Wife
7653:Aryesbokhe
7580:Natakamani
7555:Amanirenas
7546:Naqyrinsan
7457:Amanibakhi
7442:Baskakeren
7199:Amenemopet
6882:Diocletian
6836:Quintillus
6789:Aemilianus
6744:Gordian II
6716:Elagabalus
6537:Arsinoe IV
6420:Arsinoe II
6345:Darius III
6272:Psammuthes
6161:Psamtik II
5976:Bakenranef
5914:Pedubast I
5909:Takelot II
5904:Harsiese A
5886:Osorkon IV
5874:Shoshenq V
5854:Osorkon II
5827:Shoshenq I
5797:Smendes II
5777:Pinedjem I
5722:Amenemnisu
5675:Ramesses X
5650:Ramesses V
5602:Amenmesses
5582:Ramesses I
5544:Smenkhkare
5514:Hatshepsut
5504:Thutmose I
5254:Montuemsaf
5244:Dedumose I
5044:Nebdjefare
5034:Merdjefare
4804:Nedjemibre
4799:Sewadjkare
4673:Senusret I
4645:Qakare Ini
4466:Meryhathor
4370:Neferkaure
4365:Qakare Iby
4350:Neferkahor
4335:Neferkamin
4143:Thamphthis
4137:Shepseskaf
4051:Sekhemkhet
3902:Horus Bird
3779:Scorpion I
3409:Egyptology
3377:Technology
3340:Philosophy
3288:Literature
3180:Chronology
2890:Ian Shaw,
2790:9 February
2463:2022-05-02
2281:2022-10-20
2192:References
2032:river. In
1910:modern era
1798:Two Ladies
1788:Nebty name
1728:Horus name
1698:Nebty name
1690:Horus name
1318:The Uraeus
1271:Naqada III
1169:and repel
1148:. In this
936:Late Latin
915:Septuagint
864:Shoshenq I
738:from tomb
606:served as
508:vernacular
199:Hereditary
7908:Treasurer
7590:Shorkaror
7585:Amanitore
7570:Nawidemak
7550:Teriteqas
7509:Amantekha
7499:Arakamani
7467:Aktisanes
7447:Harsiotef
7407:Karkamani
7389:Malonaqen
7353:Atlanersa
7348:Tantamani
7293:Akheperre
7233:Mernudjem
7209:Heqanakht
7174:Amenhotep
7169:Usersatet
7014:Ptolemaic
6822:Gallienus
6737:Gordian I
6700:Caracalla
6626:Vespasian
6620:Vitellius
6402:Ptolemaic
6244:Amyrtaeus
6226:Darius II
6171:Ahmose II
6151:Psamtik I
6090:uncertain
6078:Pharaohs
6014:Tanutamun
5849:Takelot I
5832:Osorkon I
5782:Masaharta
5732:Amenemope
5635:Setnakhte
5597:Merneptah
5539:Akhenaten
5456:uncertain
5338:Nebmaatre
5159:Sakir-Har
5112:Yaqub-Har
5024:Nebefawre
4774:Hotepibre
4640:Segerseni
4609:Intef III
4557:uncertain
4545:Pharaohs
4177:Neferefre
4003:Hudjefa I
3884:Semerkhet
3621:Hedju Hor
3583:uncertain
3571:Pharaohs
3313:Mythology
3237:Geography
3227:Dynasties
3175:Astronomy
2967:0009-8388
2679:, S. 3–4.
2677:2077457-6
2424:Egypt Art
2359:"Pharaoh"
2271:Bible Hub
1999:Herodotus
1919:Gilgamesh
1804:from the
1770:Nesu Bity
1716:. By the
1714:cartouche
1660:Bob Brier
1639:Akhenaten
1159:From the
1086:does not
1061:Functions
1001:and then
901:. In the
891:Herodotus
815:From the
766:(reigned
764:Akhenaten
677:compound
669:The word
665:Etymology
585:nswt-bjtj
549:(reigned
547:Akhenaten
506:) is the
195:Appointer
185:Residence
174:Formation
156:Caesarion
55:Red Crown
7984:Pharaohs
7923:Reporter
7682:Category
7519:Arqamani
7504:Amanislo
7472:Aryamani
7462:Nastasen
7452:Akhraten
7422:Nasakhma
7417:Siaspiqa
7394:Analmaye
7363:Anlamani
7333:Shebitku
7297:Neskhons
7276:Pinehesy
7268:Wentawat
7237:Khaemtir
7214:Paser II
7184:Tuthmose
7179:Merymose
7139:Si-Tayit
6974:21 to 23
6892:Galerius
6887:Maximian
6876:Numerian
6843:Aurelian
6795:Valerian
6758:Balbinus
6751:Pupienus
6705:Macrinus
6677:Pertinax
6671:Commodus
6636:Domitian
6599:Claudius
6594:Caligula
6589:Tiberius
6584:Augustus
6204:Darius I
6156:Necho II
5999:Shebitku
5971:Tefnakht
5564:Horemheb
5494:Ahmose I
5306:Pantjeny
5292:Senebkay
5272:Pepi III
5234:Bebiankh
5091:Shenshek
5049:Nebsenre
4881:Sihathor
4851:Khendjer
4814:Renseneb
4759:Nerikare
4604:Intef II
4481:Merykare
4386:Wadjkare
4330:Merenhor
4225:Userkare
4132:Menkaure
4126:Bikheris
4115:Djedefre
4081:Qahedjet
3965:Wadjenes
3951:Horus Sa
3944:Nubnefer
3931:Nynetjer
3895:Sneferka
3635:Ni-Neith
3521:Pharaohs
3449:Category
3370:District
3365:Capitals
3350:Religion
3333:Titulary
3323:Pharaohs
3303:Military
3298:Medicine
3281:Hieratic
3271:Language
3197:Clothing
3151:Obelisks
2784:Archived
2661:Archived
2646:. Brill.
2590:(1998).
2457:Archived
2400:Archived
2367:Archived
2275:Archived
2132:parūwʿar
2049:See also
1951:Horemheb
1943:Djedefre
1914:Sumerian
1895:Divinity
1862:nsw bity
1854:prenomen
1838:obelisks
1834:pyramids
1782:nsw bity
1774:prenomen
1722:titulary
1706:prenomen
1647:Khepresh
1629:Khepresh
1572:New York
1506:ponytail
1416:and the
1281:-sceptre
1239:Sceptres
675:Egyptian
659:Khepresh
612:military
603:religion
512:monarchs
502:
500:פַּרְעֹה
467:Egyptian
377:nswt-bjt
180:3150 BCE
61:and the
7878:Nomarch
7868:Iry-pat
7827:Stolist
7747:Pharaoh
7534:Nahirqo
7529:Tabirqo
7368:Aspelta
7343:Taharqa
7338:Shabaka
7310:Napatan
7301:Pamiu I
7289:Herihor
7280:Setmose
7264:Nahihor
7257:Hori II
7229:Anhotep
7194:Paser I
7111:Viceroy
7106:Pharaoh
7091:Kandake
6869:Carinus
6850:Tacitus
6808:Quietus
6651:Hadrian
6335:Khabash
6166:Wahibre
6146:Necho I
6140:Nekauba
6128:Ammeris
6071:Dynasty
6009:Taharqa
6004:Shabaka
5941:Rudamun
5920:Iuput I
5765:Herihor
5717:Smendes
5617:Twosret
5607:Seti II
5451:female)
5436:Dynasty
5332:Rahotep
5229:Semenre
5199:Djehuti
5181:Khamudi
5170:Yanassi
5153:Salitis
5105:Yakareb
5098:Khamure
5029:Sehebre
4951:Merkare
4599:Intef I
4538:Dynasty
4447:Imhotep
4407:Iytjenu
4393:Khuiqer
4305:Menkare
4256:Neferka
4240:Pepi II
4162:Userkaf
4056:Sanakht
3879:Anedjib
3859:Hor-Aha
3792:Iry-Hor
3786:Shendjw
3758:Pen-Abu
3642:Hat-Hor
3564:Dynasty
3469:Outline
3459:Commons
3419:Museums
3355:Scribes
3345:Pottery
3276:Demotic
3266:History
3217:Cuisine
3146:Revival
2162:pərəʾōʿ
2158:pərəʾaʿ
2156:), and
2042:Tanhuma
1971:Persian
1963:Amun-Re
1955:nfr ntr
1878:neb-kha
1866:nebtawy
1810:Nekhbet
1702:bik-nbw
1615:Deshret
1611:Pschent
1542:Saqqara
1446:Pschent
1440:Pschent
1402:Deshret
1380:Deshret
1255:Anedjib
1197:Regalia
1187:chariot
1183:Apophis
1146:statues
1139:temples
1107:removed
1092:sources
1012:as the
958:firʿawn
941:, both
885:in the
819:onward
810:epithet
756:pharaoh
742:in the
671:pharaoh
639:Pschent
631:Deshret
610:of the
533:by the
405:Pharaoh
112:Details
94:(after
90:shendyt
51:Pschent
7918:Vizier
7858:Haty-a
7837:Herald
7323:Kashta
7284:Piankh
7252:Hori I
7242:Messuy
7009:Argead
6856:Probus
6776:Decius
6771:Philip
6646:Trajan
6374:Argead
6283:Muthis
6236:XXVIII
6216:Xerxes
6084:female
6062:Period
5771:Piankh
5742:Siamun
5612:Siptah
5587:Seti I
5427:Period
5379:Kamose
5313:Snaaib
5283:Abydos
5139:Semqen
5132:Sharek
5084:Sheneh
5064:'Apepi
5059:Bebnum
5014:Nehesy
4834:Sebkay
4754:Sonbef
4551:female
4529:Period
4340:Nikare
4230:Pepi I
4167:Sahure
4120:Khafre
4105:Snefru
4074:Sedjes
4046:Djoser
3972:Senedj
3850:Narmer
3809:Narmer
3691:Wazner
3656:Hsekiu
3628:Ny-Hor
3577:female
3555:Period
3318:People
3185:Cities
3103:topics
3013:
2988:
2965:
2921:
2878:
2827:
2675:
2673:ZDB-ID
2600:
2556:, 160.
2487:
2431:
2341:
2314:
2250:
2225:
2145:) and
1927:Ninsun
1923:Djoser
1814:Wadjet
1734:serekh
1696:. The
1674:Titles
1597:Hemhem
1591:Hedjet
1583:Osiris
1557:Pepy I
1538:Serdab
1534:Djoser
1518:Djoser
1493:London
1478:Abydos
1430:Hedjet
1424:Hedjet
1410:Narmer
1406:Naqada
1324:Uraeus
1291:. The
1251:Abydos
1233:Boston
1191:vizier
951:Arabic
947:Qur'an
939:pharaō
931:pharaō
907:Hebrew
852:Siamun
848:Karnak
844:Siamun
657:, and
635:Hedjet
629:, the
578:, the
574:: the
477:Coptic
131:Narmer
96:Djoser
92:(kilt)
7318:Alara
7261:Siese
7224:Setau
7154:Penre
7131:Kerma
7101:Nubia
6862:Carus
6641:Nerva
6631:Titus
6609:Galba
6576:XXXIV
6561:Roman
6340:Arses
6267:Hakor
6186:XXVII
5896:XXIII
5486:XVIII
5446:(male
5176:Apepi
5164:Khyan
5077:Wazad
4845:Wegaf
4779:Iufni
4633:Nubia
4441:Setut
4263:Nefer
4110:Khufu
4068:Khaba
4062:Nebka
3926:Nebra
3854:Menes
3813:Menes
3765:Stork
3728:Upper
3684:Neheb
3677:Thesh
3663:Khayu
3612:Lower
3382:Trade
3360:Sites
3308:Music
3222:Dance
3156:Pylon
3118:Index
2118:Notes
1939:Horus
1874:sa-ra
1858:nomen
1794:Nebty
1758:Nebra
1742:Horus
1710:nomen
1613:, or
1607:Nemes
1546:nemes
1530:Nemes
1524:Nemes
1390:imiut
1300:flail
1171:Isfet
999:pərro
996:ⲡⲣ̅ⲣⲟ
960:with
955:فرعون
923:φαραώ
899:Φερων
876:pr-ˤ3
821:pr-ꜥꜣ
775:pr ꜥꜣ
760:pr ꜥꜣ
717:pr-ꜥꜣ
682:pr ꜥꜣ
647:Nemes
590:Nebty
576:Horus
504:Parʿō
491:Pǝrro
482:ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ
472:pr ꜥꜣ
436:also
232:pr-ˤ3
135:Menes
117:Style
86:nemes
37:Egypt
7328:Piye
7247:Seti
7204:Yuny
7164:Nehi
7149:Seni
7144:Turo
7086:Qore
6695:Geta
6614:Otho
6604:Nero
6322:XXXI
6307:Teos
6254:XXIX
6119:XXVI
6104:Late
6081:male
6041:Late
5994:Piye
5963:XXIV
5869:Pami
5819:XXII
5408:and
5324:XVII
5070:Nuya
4739:XIII
4548:male
4510:and
4400:Khui
4297:VIII
4220:Teti
4202:Unas
4087:Huni
3889:Qa'a
3869:Djet
3864:Djer
3772:Bull
3751:Fish
3717:Wash
3698:Mekh
3574:male
3328:List
3247:List
3190:List
3040:Sir
3011:ISBN
2986:ISBN
2963:ISSN
2919:ISBN
2876:ISBN
2825:ISBN
2792:2022
2598:ISBN
2485:ISBN
2429:ISBN
2408:2017
2375:2017
2339:ISBN
2312:ISBN
2248:ISBN
2223:ISBN
2030:Nile
1856:and
1852:The
1836:and
1824:The
1812:and
1768:The
1750:Djer
1708:and
1619:Atef
1601:The
1587:Atef
1578:Atef
1528:The
1510:khat
1501:khat
1498:The
1464:Khat
1454:Djet
1304:heqa
1298:The
1263:heqa
1175:Nile
1167:Maat
1090:any
1088:cite
1028:nswt
1003:ərro
974:ayin
911:פרעה
860:Amun
835:and
740:KV62
734:The
651:Atef
643:Khat
620:mꜣꜥt
616:Maat
595:nbtj
49:The
7219:Huy
6294:XXX
6043:to
5986:XXV
5709:XXI
5574:XIX
5191:XVI
4971:XIV
4819:Hor
4660:XII
4293:VII
4038:III
3874:Den
3670:Tiu
3536:to
3163:Art
2955:doi
2164:in
2160:or
2134:in
1904:In
1880:).
1842:sun
1830:nbw
1802:Aha
1778:Den
1746:Aha
1540:in
1514:Den
1474:Den
1458:Den
1328:Den
1293:was
1285:was
1279:was
1259:mks
1249:in
1101:by
1054:ḥqꜣ
1042:jty
1022:).
1005:by
715:smr
687:, *
514:of
420:ɛər
383:in
236:in
133:or
65:of
57:of
7960::
7004:31
6999:30
6994:27
6989:26
6984:25
6979:24
6969:20
6964:19
6959:18
6954:12
6949:11
5627:XX
5559:Ay
5123:XV
4586:XI
4418:IX
4212:VI
4097:IV
3937:Ba
3913:II
3852:/
3811:/
3797:Ka
3649:Pu
2961:.
2951:64
2949:.
2945:.
2933:^
2861:^
2800:^
2782:.
2778:.
2728:^
2699:^
2577:^
2537:50
2451:.
2398:.
2392:.
2361:.
2273:.
2269:.
2170:c.
2151:c.
2140:c.
1967:ka
1947:Ra
1870:Re
1744:.
1738:Ka
1625:.
1609:,
1570:,
1561:c.
1520:.
1491:,
1487:,
1482:c.
1480:,
1460:.
1420:.
1394:c.
1314:.
1273:.
1231:,
1222:c.
1220:,
1179:Ra
1048:nb
1035:ḥm
1019:pꜣ
1010:p-
978:-n
953::
943:-n
925:,
921::
917:,
909::
897::
839:.
827:ḥm
783:c.
768:c.
754:,
708:ꜥꜣ
699:pr
653:,
649:,
645:,
562:c.
551:c.
524:c.
498::
494:;
485:,
479::
475:;
469::
465:;
458:oʊ
449:eɪ
434:US
430:,
423:oʊ
178:c.
7715:e
7708:t
7701:v
7061:e
7054:t
7047:v
6944:4
6940:3
6937:2
6933:1
4458:X
4295:/
4154:V
3842:I
3737:A
3705:A
3513:e
3506:t
3499:v
3093:e
3086:t
3079:v
3019:.
2994:.
2969:.
2957::
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