656:
interior walls were plastered with lime mortar that absorbed air moisture from the inside. The moisture diffused through the brick wall and was drained through the space between the wall and the facade. Only the basement rooms (located under a ceiling with a thickness of 30 centimetres or 12 inches) were artificially air-conditioned. Vertical light slots with a height of 130 centimetres (51 in) and a width of 25 centimetres (9.8 in) allowed only diffused light to pass to the interior wall, to prevent sunlight from causing any change in temperature. Only the ground floor was equipped with larger windows. The slots were also used for ventilation: opposing slots caused a stream of air that moved exactly parallel to the shelf rows. Each story of the stacks building had a linear capacity of 4,221 metres (13,848 ft) of records on 647 square metres (6,960 sq ft) of effective surface. Rooms were 2.30 metres (7 ft 7 in) high, shelves rose to 2.25 metres (7 ft 5 in). Each shelf had a carrying capacity of 70 kilograms (150 lb).
679:
1048:
721:) was set up at the site of the collapse – a large hole in the ground – where around 95% of all archival items could be held until August 2011, albeit scattered and in many cases badly damaged. Archive repositories all over Germany offered space to store the damaged and only roughly cleaned documents: wet materials were flash-frozen to prevent mold growth, and itinerant archivists worked in the receiving archives all over the country to begin the task of re-identifying and re-cataloging. A newly installed centre for restoration and digitization on the outskirts of Cologne started operations in 2011, with a total cost for restoring the archive estimated at
40:
666:, the ground floor consisted of the main entrance hall and an exhibition room. Adjacent were the reading room, approximately 20 office rooms, the restoration workshop, and various functional rooms. Four courtyards provided natural light to the rear ground floor rooms. The basement included the charters archive, the archival library, and, in its centre, a treasure bunker for charters and records walled by 60-centimetre-thick (24 in) armoured concrete. The building was secured by fire detectors, a carbon-dioxide-based fire-extinguishing system, and a burglar alarm device.
419:
623:
541:, one of Cologne's major art museums. The archive and library, at that time still run as a single entity, were chosen to hold all books and manuscripts. When the institutions were administratively separated in the 1880s, all manuscripts were retained by the archive, while all printed books were given to the library. This is why, unlike many other archives, the Cologne archive boasts a major collection of medieval manuscripts. Both archive and library shared a building until 1934, when the library moved to the newly built building of the
142:
573:
979:
408:
483:(then stored in Antwerp) were transferred to the Cologne archives. These records included copies of the protocols of the diets of the Hanseatic League. With the 1594 transfer, the Cologne archive became the most important repository of historical material concerning the Hanseatic League and thus concerning the history of Northern Germany in general, matched only by the municipal archives of
355:
699:
photograph collection and about 40,000 charters were evacuated. Storage of other—albeit less significant—parts of the records had been outsourced, and they were therefore not affected by the collapse. According to the former director Hugo Stehkämper, the collection of 80 shrine charters from the 12th century, a seals collection, and most inventory books were saved and remain intact.
1989:
962:
2017:
517:
669:
After the archive had moved from the 1897 building to its new home between 26 April and 20 June 1971, a little under 44% of the total capacity was in use. The building was planned to have sufficient capacity for 30 years of growth, but maximum capacity was reached in 1996 which led to the outsourcing
205:
The six-story archive building collapsed on 3 March 2009, along with two neighbouring apartment buildings. Two residents of these buildings were found dead. All archive staff and visitors survived, as they were able to escape upon a warning by construction workers. Around 90% of archival records were
707:
The years after the collapse were characterized by three main tasks: the recovery and emergency conservation of the scattered archival documents; their step-by-step cleaning, restoration, and digitization; and the investigation of the cause for the disaster through a legal process. Additionally, the
698:
The main holdings of the archive were stored in the stacks building, including the medieval manuscripts of the
Wallraf collection. Around 90% of archival records were buried by the collapse. Other holdings, mainly those stored in the ground floor extension with the reading room, such as the film and
432:
In medieval
Cologne, valuable goods and important trade documents were frequently stored in vaulted warehouses that were specially built in backyards. This method of storage was used by both business owners and the municipal administration. Documents included grants of privileges, contracts, records
888:
Until 2009, all registers of births, marriages, and deaths were stored at the municipal civil registry offices regardless of their age. Following a reform bill of 13 March 2008, birth registers to 1898, marriage registers to 1928 and death registers to 1978 were transferred to the archives in 2009.
655:
For maximum protection of the stack rooms against atmospheric exposure, an armored concrete frame was encased by a brick wall with a thickness of 49 centimetres (19 in). A facade was attached at a distance of 7 centimetres (2.8 in) from the brick wall, made from bright Czech granite. The
751:, a collection of photographs on the history of art, architecture, culture, and photography in Cologne and the Rhineland. The plan was to build the “safest and state-of-the-art city archive in Europe“ by 2017. After the decision of the city council, a detailed concept was worked out and approved.
694:
system had been the cause. Construction workers building an underground switch facility noticed that water was flooding into the building pit. They rapidly warned staff and visitors of the archive, who were instructed to evacuate the building. Shortly afterwards, an underground landslide into the
436:
On 19 August 1406, the city council resolved to add a tower to the town hall. The tower was built between 1407 and 1414, and served, among other purposes, as a storage room for municipal charters, privileges, and securities. Cologne's bursary officer, Roland von
Odendorp, was responsible for its
507:
of abbeys and colleges of canons in
Cologne in the early years of the 19th century, the French government ordered their archives to be stored in the state archives in Düsseldorf. It was not until 1949 that a mayor of Cologne succeeded in recovering 19,000 charters and many other records for the
433:
of lawsuits, maps, seals, and documents from the estates of important persons. As the city and its national and international trade thrived and prospered, the municipal administration began to plan further storage to house the growing number of documents in an adequate space.
441:
of the time and rises to 61 metres (200 ft). It contained a wine cellar, an armory, a meeting room for the municipal council, a firefighter guardroom on the very top, and a vaulted room for the municipal archives. Documents were stored in chests or cabinets marked
552:
managed the municipal archive as its honorary director. Fuchs was a friend of
Wallraf's who also supervised the incorporation and cataloging of the Wallraf collection in 1824. He reorganized the entire archive and made its contents accessible to scholarly research.
754:
In 2013, in the context of the city's financial crisis, local political debate began to move towards re-considering this decision, and even to imposing a planning moratorium. Protests by local support groups as well as national archive organizations followed.
209:
Construction work on a new archive began in 2016, and the new archive opened on 3 September 2021. At that time, a spokesperson for the archive estimated that restoration work will require more than 200 persons to work continuously for thirty years.
910:
holds around 638 microfilms with one million images in varying grades of quality from the various
Cologne collections, including the municipal archive. In addition, the 1,400 medieval manuscript books of the archives were microfilmed by the
291:, most notably in the parish of St. Lawrence near the Cologne town hall. The records were for the most part those of real estate transactions: these were recorded on sheets of parchment or in books, which subsequently became known as
643:
An underlying principle of the design was to protect archival records from fluctuations in weather and climate while creating a balanced room climate. In a move away from the contemporary popularity of electromechanical
600:; it was inaugurated in December 1897. The new building was large enough to accommodate the archive at a time of accelerated growth when the city of Cologne was absorbing many previously independent towns and villages.
769:
Plans to combine the new archive with the art and museum library were eventually abandoned, and groundwork began in 2016 on a more frugal, but still state-of-the-art archive building, which opened on 3 September 2021.
915:
in the 1980s. However, recent acquisitions (including the
Heinrich Böll collection) have not yet been microfilmed. According to director Schmidt-Czaia, the archive has digitized only a tiny fraction of its holdings.
659:
The dominating stacks building was 21.4 metres (70 ft) high, 48.8 metres (160 ft) wide, and 16 metres (52 ft) deep, while the ground floor and basement of the complex were considerably larger. Towards
1795:
202:
in its name might suggest a closed, complete archive with a focus on older history, the archive is also the official government repository responsible for collecting recent municipal records.
372:
739:
Also in 2009, following an architectural competition, a decision was taken on a new archive building. It was planned to accommodate not only the archive institution itself but also the
156:
1697:
2062:
1728:
1214:
1475:
1543:
1806:
287:) was a wooden chest or cabinet where parish administrations stored records and charters. Such shrines were used for records storage throughout the Middle Ages and into
1111:
198:
The archive contains official records and private documents from all ages of
Cologne history, as well as an extensive library of manuscripts. While the adjective
80:
1570:
Von der
Bergung zur Ursachenforschung und Beweissicherung. Abgeschlossener Rückbau der Bergungsbaugrube signalisiert Startschuss für das Besichtigungsbauwerk.
678:
2052:
611:. However, since all records and manuscripts had been moved into secure storage as early as September 1939, the archive did not suffer any substantial loss.
456:
charter, a municipal constitution document of 1396, was granted pride of place in a chest decorated with a crown. After 1414, the archive was directed by a
2047:
1385:
892:
Many of the most important and unique holdings of the
Cologne archives have been preserved on microfilm in the central safekeeping archive of Germany, the
1047:
1141:
1651:
531:'s major collection of art, books, and manuscripts. After Wallraf's death in 1824, his collection of statues and paintings became the basis of the
490:
On 27 February 1602, the city council ordered that books on jurisdiction and administration were to be systematically bought at the regularly held
1831:
614:
After the archive moved to its new location in 1971, the 1897 building has been used as a private library by Gerling, a large insurance company.
1895:
1593:
1572:
1175:
2067:
1280:
1918:"284 Urkunden des eingestürzten Kölner Stadtarchivs gerettet! – Philipps-Universität Marburg – Fb. 06 – Geschichte und Kulturwissenschaften"
500:
was one of the few Cologne libraries that did not suffer major losses during the French occupation in the early years of the 19th century.
437:
construction. The Gothic building with its two tetragonal upper stories and two more octagonal top stories has some similarities to Dutch
191:. The oldest inventory of charters in the archive is dated 1408–1409. The oldest document kept in the archive is a charter dated 922
1628:
2005:
1751:
1720:
1206:
912:
690:
pm, the archive building collapsed. Public prosecutors in 2017 confirmed that the construction of a new underground railway line of the
2082:
893:
608:
1326:
1301:
1256:
1072:
648:, Haferkamp preferred a structural-physical, self-regulating solution that needed only little additional climate technology. As the
394:
919:
The Marburg photo archive of old charters holds high-quality black and white photographs of 284 charters from the Cologne archive.
39:
1467:
1540:
695:
subway tunnel caused the archive building to collapse. Two adjacent apartment buildings also collapsed, killing two residents.
1782:
1454:
376:
1119:
869:
All charters and privileges formerly stored in the town hall tower were catalogued in the first inventory (inventory number
1752:"Historical Documents Lost Forever: An Interview with René Böll, Representative of the Heirs of Heinrich Böll and his Son"
1683:
2023:
2042:
73:
1888:"Weiter zwei Vermisste – "Grössten Schaden an Kulturgut seit 1945": 90 Prozent des Kölner Archivguts verschüttet – NZZ"
1514:
736:
as part of the public prosecutor's process of determining responsibility for the collapse. Construction began in 2012.
2072:
2057:
593:
1756:
1315:
Hansische Rezesse. Eine quellenkundliche Untersuchung anhand der Überlieferung im Historischen Archiv der Stadt Köln.
494:. These were subsequently stored in the municipal archive and became the basis of the Cologne municipal library. The
1979:
418:
622:
313:. In the 19th century, all records of the old Cologne shrine quarters were transferred to the municipal archives.
988:
1396:
592:
A new purpose-built structure to house the municipal archive and library was erected between 1894 and 1897 to a
2077:
560:
became the first full-time municipal archivist. Among other material, he acquired documents from the estate of
1500:
549:
1149:
827:
819:
597:
538:
528:
365:
2087:
521:
223:
847:
561:
542:
1839:
1338:
1081:
732:
After recovery at the collapsed site was completed, the legal process required the construction of an
1917:
1887:
1656:
1590:
1569:
1183:
807:
631:
729:. A freeze-drying unit was installed to handle the deep-frozen materials safely before restoration.
572:
206:
buried by the collapse, although it subsequently proved possible to rescue and repair many of them.
823:
491:
288:
232:
bill of 1989. The municipal archive of Cologne is also governed by the municipal archive ordinance
17:
1677:
1661:
1620:
1322:
1297:
1276:
1252:
1246:
1068:
897:
863:
859:
831:
691:
411:
322:
219:
1761:
843:
803:
645:
480:
1541:
Bergungsarbeiten offiziell beendet. Restaurierung der Archivalien kostet 400 Millionen Euro
1144:[Certificate: HUA Nr.1 *, recipient: Köln- Stift St. Ursula (women's foundation)].
885:), is regarded as the core part of the archive and was hence given the inventory number I.
1597:
1576:
1547:
978:
851:
160:
335:), a book of copies of charters and privileges. By 1370 the archives were located in the
1993:
1862:
839:
557:
504:
280:
141:
407:
2036:
1942:
Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln – Die Chronik Kölns – Deutsche Nationalbibliothek.
1610:
Fachkonzept für das Historische Archiv der Stadt Köln bis zum Jahr 2050, Köln 2010.
901:
811:
604:
1971:
1518:
652:, the building became a model for many later archive buildings internationally.
466:). Its management was later taken over by a committee of municipal jurists, the
354:
188:
815:
438:
192:
95:
82:
44:
Preliminary archive administration and reading room of the archive in Cologne
961:
855:
835:
310:
257:
An early programme of holding archival records in Cologne was the so-called
174:
1114:[City Archive: 27 Linear Kilometres of Documents from 1000 Years].
484:
1698:"Acht Jahre nach Einsturz: Grundstein für neues Kölner Stadtarchiv gelegt"
564:, a 16th-century Cologne jurist famous for his autobiographical writings.
321:
A municipal archive has existed since at least the year 1322. In 1326 the
1966:
1579:
Stadt Köln – Amt für Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, 23. October 2012.
305:. Similar books from the late 12th century are known from the cities of
1251:(2nd ed.). Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter. p. 512.
379: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
181:
177:
115:
65:
802:
Among the 700 private deposits are those of writer and Nobel laureate
134:
476:
269:
1142:"Urkunde: HUA Nr.1*, Empfänger:Köln- Stift St. Ursula (Frauenstift)"
1386:"Klimatisierungskonzepte in jüngeren Archivgebäuden in Deutschland"
516:
184:, Germany. It ranks among the largest communal archives in Europe.
677:
621:
571:
515:
417:
406:
1292:
Hiltrud Kier, Bernd Ernsting, Ulrich Krings, Stadt Köln (Hrsg.):
1760:(Interview). Translated by Laura Radosh. Cologne. Archived from
1468:"German officials reveal cause of 2009 Cologne archive collapse"
306:
1591:
Wettbewerb für Neubau des Historischen Archivs ist entschieden
1294:
Köln, der Ratsturm: seine Geschichte und sein Figurenprogramm.
348:
1999:
758:
In 2017, the total damage from the collapse was estimated at
1046:
977:
960:
798:
800 estates, literary remains and other special collections
682:
Collapsed archive and a neighbouring building in March 2009
301:). In Cologne, these books can be traced back to 1130
778:
Before the 2009 collapse, the archival holdings included:
1112:"Stadtarchiv: 27 Regalkilometer Urkunden aus 1000 Jahren"
1559:
Press release of the City of Cologne, 12. September 2011
1321:, Lübeck : Schmidt-Römhild 2005, p. 427-446 (429),
1977:
1422:
Fragen der Anwendung des Kölner Modells im Archivbau.
1271:
Bettina Schmidt-Czaia und Ulrich S. Soénius (Hrsg.):
187:
A municipal archive has existed in Cologne since the
1796:"Press release of the Municipal Archives of Cologne"
1513:
Hümmeler, Christian; Matthias Pesch (4 March 2009).
1273:
Gedächtnisort. Das Historische Archiv der Stadt Köln
846:. Plans and drawings of architects Hans Schilling,
630:In 1971, a six-story archive building by architect
129:
121:
111:
72:
61:
53:
1750:Schubert, Jochen; Schäfer, Markus (6 April 2009).
1550:, Pressemitteilung der Stadt Köln, 10. August 2011
1517:(in German). Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger. Archived from
1956:
1169:
1167:
789:26,000 linear metres (85,000 ft) of records
708:planning for a new archives building was begun.
520:Ferdinand Franz Wallraf, collector, portrait by
1700:(in German). Kölnische Rundschau. 17 March 2017
1444:Neubau des historischen Archivs der Stadt Köln.
640:in the southern part of Cologne's city centre.
2063:1320s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
745:, a renowned art and museum library, and the
8:
1664:. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017
1339:"Wissenschaftsportal b2i: Bestandserhaltung"
927:Directors of the Cologne municipal archive:
905:
880:
870:
746:
740:
716:
661:
635:
583:
577:
532:
527:In 1818, the city of Cologne was bequeathed
495:
461:
451:
423:
336:
330:
296:
274:
267:), used for documenting citizens' rights. A
262:
239:
233:
227:
168:
32:
1654:[And still nobody is responsible].
1178:[Second Buried Person Found Dead].
467:
140:
31:
2002:Historical Archive of the City of Cologne
1967:The digital Historical Archive of Cologne
1118:(in German). 5 March 2009. Archived from
1078:Mitteilungen aus dem Stadtarchiv von Köln
395:Learn how and when to remove this message
152:Historical Archive of the City of Cologne
1863:"Retter der Kölner Kulturgüter (Archiv)"
1719:Wiechers, Katharina (3 September 2021).
1205:Wiechers, Katharina (3 September 2021).
929:
2012:
1984:
1861:Von Hans-Peter Frick (2 October 2013).
1176:"Zweiter Verschütteter tot aufgefunden"
1103:
1675:
1588:Press release of the City of Cologne:
1478:from the original on 20 September 2017
1379:
1377:
1438:
1436:
1434:
218:The work of communal archives in the
27:Municipal archive of Cologne, Germany
7:
1836:Hill Museum & Manuscript Library
1721:"Neues Stadtarchiv in Köln eröffnet"
1319:Das Gedächtnis der Hansestadt Lübeck
1207:"Neues Stadtarchiv in Köln eröffnet"
1146:Das digitale Historische Archiv Köln
1080:(since 1882), for older volumes see
913:Hill Museum & Manuscript Library
377:adding citations to reliable sources
238:, last revised in 2007. The federal
2053:Buildings and structures in Cologne
1731:from the original on 5 October 2021
1652:"Und noch immer ist niemand schuld"
1217:from the original on 5 October 2021
1174:Winkelhog, Simone (12 March 2009).
325:decided to establish the so-called
317:First traces of a municipal archive
2048:Collapsed buildings and structures
1898:from the original on 18 March 2012
1650:Kerstholt, Marion (3 March 2017).
1395:. pp. 323–355. Archived from
875:). This collection, also known as
866:were also stored in the building.
783:
607:the building suffered damage from
302:
165:Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln
33:Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln
25:
18:Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln
1631:from the original on 3 March 2016
1248:Archive im deutschsprachigen Raum
1067:. Chronik Verlag, Dortmund 1991,
1040:Bettina Schmidt-Czaia (born 1960)
548:From 1815 until he died in 1857,
2015:
1987:
1805:. 1 January 2009. Archived from
1515:"Die Antwort liegt unter Schutt"
582:) building of 1897, situated at
512:Acquisitions in the 19th century
353:
38:
1474:. Deutsche Welle. 11 May 2017.
1296:J.P. Bachem Verlag, Köln 1996,
674:Collapse of the archive in 2009
364:needs additional citations for
1783:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
1455:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
1384:Maria Rita Sagstetter (2004).
782:65,000 charters from 922
345:Archive in the town hall tower
1:
2068:1322 establishments in Europe
60:
1275:, Böhlau Verlag, Köln 2010,
1088:Schreinswesen, -buch, -karte
742:Kunst- und Museumsbibliothek
508:Cologne municipal archives.
475:In 1594, the records of the
1245:Minerva-Handbucher (1974).
1182:(in German). Archived from
626:Facade of the 1971 building
229:Archivgesetz des Landes NRW
2104:
1625:Historischesarchivkoeln.de
1371:Die Chronik Kölns, S. 289.
1362:Die Chronik Kölns, S. 252.
1235:W. Herborn, Schreinswesen.
713:disaster recovery building
2083:2009 industrial disasters
1682:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1317:in: Hammel-Kiesow (ed.):
1094:. Vol. 7, cols. 1557–1559
49:
37:
1092:Lexikon des Mittelalters
944:Johann Jakob Peter Fuchs
618:Archive building of 1971
568:Archive building of 1897
550:Johann Jakob Peter Fuchs
1962:(in German and English)
828:Ferdinand Franz Wallraf
820:Ernst Friedrich Zwirner
686:On 3 March 2009 at 1:58
539:Wallraf-Richartz Museum
529:Ferdinand Franz Wallraf
135:historischesarchivkoeln
1972:Friends of the Archive
1757:Heinrich Böll Stiftung
1596:26 August 2011 at the
1051:
982:
965:
906:
881:
871:
792:104,000 maps and plans
748:Rheinisches Bildarchiv
747:
741:
734:investigation building
717:
683:
662:
636:
627:
598:Friedrich Carl Heimann
589:
584:
578:
533:
524:
522:Johann Anton de Peters
496:
468:
462:
452:
429:
424:
415:
337:
331:
297:
284:
275:
263:
240:
234:
228:
224:North Rhine-Westphalia
169:
164:
96:50.930833°N 6.957222°E
1785:, 5 March 2009, p. 31
1575:10 March 2013 at the
1501:Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger
1457:, 5 March 2009, p. 31
1420:Wolfgang Hans Stein:
1393:Cflr.beniculturali.it
1050:
981:
964:
877:main charters archive
848:Oswald Mathias Ungers
681:
625:
575:
562:Hermann von Weinsberg
543:University of Cologne
519:
421:
410:
244:bill does not apply.
125:Bettina Schmidt-Czaia
1546:9 March 2016 at the
1503:, 6 March 2009, p. 2
894:Barbarastollen caves
808:Jakob Ignaz Hittorff
373:improve this article
2043:Archives in Germany
971:Konstantin Höhlbaum
882:Haupturkundenarchiv
537:, now known as the
492:Frankfurt Book Fair
453:Kölner Verbundbrief
425:Kölner Verbundbrief
101:50.930833; 6.957222
92: /
34:
2073:History of Cologne
2058:Culture in Cologne
1497:Mit großem Besteck
1428:45 (1992) col. 416
1186:on 1 February 2014
1122:on 8 December 2022
1086:Wolfgang Herborn:
1052:
1030:Everhard Kleinertz
983:
966:
872:Alte Repertorien 6
842:, and philosopher
703:After the collapse
684:
628:
590:
525:
430:
416:
289:early modern times
241:Bundesarchivgesetz
173:for short) is the
170:Kölner Stadtarchiv
1974:(founded in 2006)
1521:on 6 January 2013
1442:Hugo Stehkämper:
1313:Joachim Deeters:
1281:978-3-412-20490-7
1065:Die Chronik Kölns
1056:
1055:
923:List of directors
832:Jacques Offenbach
692:Cologne Stadtbahn
670:of some records.
585:Gereonskloster 12
412:Cologne City Hall
405:
404:
397:
148:
147:
16:(Redirected from
2095:
2028:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2008:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:Official website
1943:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1838:. Archived from
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1812:on 19 March 2009
1811:
1800:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1681:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1627:. 18 July 2013.
1617:
1611:
1608:
1602:
1586:
1580:
1568:Inge Schürmann:
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1840:the original
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1807:the original
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1762:the original
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1519:the original
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1482:20 September
1480:. Retrieved
1471:
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1426:Der Archivar
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1397:the original
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1184:the original
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1120:the original
1115:
1106:
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1064:
1059:Bibliography
1000:Erich Kuphal
926:
918:
904:region. The
902:Black Forest
891:
887:
876:
868:
838:, conductor
830:, composers
826:, collector
812:Irmgard Keun
801:
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534:Wallrafianum
526:
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458:vault master
457:
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371:Please help
366:verification
363:
326:
323:city council
320:
293:shrine books
292:
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186:
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57:14th century
29:
1924:(in German)
1846:13 February
1621:"Aktuelles"
840:Günter Wand
579:Stadtarchiv
414:tower, 2007
332:Weißes Buch
214:Legal basis
189:Middle Ages
99: /
74:Coordinates
54:Established
2037:Categories
1735:13 October
1704:13 October
1657:Tagesschau
1472:www.dw.com
1221:13 October
1180:Stadt Köln
1099:References
816:Hans Mayer
596:design by
588:in Cologne
503:After the
385:March 2018
327:white book
200:historical
84:50°55′51″N
1867:Dradio.de
1832:"GERMANY"
1678:cite news
1283:. p. 11ff
1033:1994–2004
1023:1969–1994
1013:1960–1969
1003:1932–1960
993:1891–1927
974:1880–1890
957:1857–1880
947:1815–1857
856:Karl Band
836:Max Bruch
556:In 1857,
311:Andernach
175:municipal
157:‹See Tfd›
87:6°57′26″E
1896:Archived
1729:Archived
1725:Die Zeit
1629:Archived
1594:Archived
1573:Archived
1544:Archived
1476:Archived
1215:Archived
1211:Die Zeit
1156:10 March
1116:koeln.de
933:Director
898:Oberried
774:Holdings
439:belfries
285:scrinium
122:Director
62:Location
1994:Germany
1928:2 March
1902:2 March
1872:2 March
1816:2 March
1768:6 April
1668:3 March
1635:2 March
1525:7 March
1406:2 March
1348:2 March
1190:15 July
1126:15 July
900:in the
764:billion
727:million
609:bombing
603:During
469:syndici
428:charter
279:, from
276:Schrein
248:History
182:Cologne
178:archive
130:Website
116:Archive
66:Cologne
1980:Portal
1892:Nzz.ch
1343:B2i.de
1325:
1300:
1279:
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1090:. In:
1071:
939:Photo
862:, and
814:, and
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485:Lübeck
477:Bruges
450:. The
270:shrine
161:German
2024:Media
1810:(PDF)
1799:(PDF)
1400:(PDF)
1389:(PDF)
1043:2004–
281:Latin
220:state
167:, or
1930:2016
1904:2016
1874:2016
1848:2011
1818:2016
1770:2009
1737:2021
1706:2021
1684:link
1670:2017
1637:2016
1527:2009
1484:2017
1424:In:
1408:2016
1350:2016
1323:ISBN
1298:ISBN
1277:ISBN
1253:ISBN
1223:2021
1192:2024
1158:2009
1128:2024
1069:ISBN
936:Time
834:and
822:and
760:€1.2
723:€400
309:and
307:Metz
150:The
112:Type
1662:ARD
896:in
446:to
375:by
222:of
180:of
137:.de
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303:CE
283::
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193:CE
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