56:
20:
1677:
1997:, with six such raids between 22 October and 15 November 1942 and a further one on 8 August 1943. Between late 1943 and the end of the war, both the RAF and the USAAF carried out several more bombing raids aimed at the port facilities, factories and marshalling yards of Genoa. Overall, Genoa suffered over fifty air raids, which caused some 2,000 deaths among the population. 11,183 buildings were destroyed or damaged, including 70 churches and 130 historic palaces, and 75% of the port facilities were destroyed.
863:
1622:
1458:
712:
591:
1047:
2064:
The German search for Jews in Genoa began on
November 2, 1943, when two police agents visited the offices of the Jewish community and forced the custodians to turn over their membership lists and summon members to a synagogue meeting the next morning. Many Jews had already left the city by that time,
1829:, Cantieri navali di Voltri but also the sugar factory Eridania, the food brands Saiwa, Elah and Icat Food. These technological and industrial developments would have worldwide exposure in 1892 when the city hosted the international exhibition "Esposizione Italo-Americana" and again in 1914 with the
2107:
Because of population growth, partly due to substantial immigration from other parts of Italy, new neighborhoods have been built. There were years of building speculation and of destruction of two historic districts of the city, the first in 1964 called "Piccapietra-Portoria" and the second in 1974
1597:
Well, Prince, so Genoa and Lucca are now just family estates of the
Buonapartes.(...) And what do you think of this latest comedy, the coronation at Milan, the comedy of the people of Genoa and Lucca laying their petitions before Monsieur Buonaparte, and Monsieur Buonaparte sitting on a throne and
1632:
The city soon gained a reputation as a hotbed of anti-Savoy republican agitation. Genoa was the centre of an important reform movement that put constant pressure on
Piedmont to grant the freedom of the press and more liberal laws. The citizens of the republic would not accept being subjects of an
1224:
Though not well-studied, Genoa in the 15th century seems to have been tumultuous. The city had a strong tradition of trading goods from the Levant and its financial expertise was recognised all over Europe. After a period of French domination from 1394 to 1409, Genoa came under the rule of the
1315:
and Jorge
Burgues. In the period of economic recovery which followed, many aristocratic Genoese families, such as the Balbi, Doria, Grimaldi, Pallavicini and Serra, amassed tremendous fortunes. According to Felipe Fernandez-Armesto and others, the practices Genoa developed in the
2045:
a few days before the arrival of the Allies; 150 partisans were killed and 350 wounded during the fighting for the liberation of the city, which resulted in the capture of 14,000 German prisoners under
General Günther Meinhold on 27 April 1945.
1911:
the
Genoese shipyards were very active, importing vast quantities of materials necessary for the war effort, and between thirty thousand and eighty thousand Genoese left for the battlefront. About this period we have to remember the admiral
699:
then expanded towards the current areas of Santa Maria di
Castello and the San Lorenzo promontory. Trade goods included skins, timber, and honey. Goods were moved to and from Genoa's hinterland, including major cities like
55:
743:, also related to the name of the God Janus, and meaning "door" or "passage." Besides that, it may refer to its geographical position at the centre of the Ligurian coastal arch, thus akin to the name of
1563:
With the shift in world economy and trade routes to the New World and away from the
Mediterranean, Genoa's political and economic power began a steady decline. Its military power collapsed during the
19:
1637:
and the armistice of
Salasco, the Genoese, fearing the loss of freedom and independence as a consequence of a peace imposed by Austria, rose up and hunted the Piedmontese garrison. After the
938:, Campofregoso, and other smaller merchant families all fought for power in this republic, as the power of the consuls allowed each family faction to gain wealth and power in the city. The
2065:
but a majority of those who were seized in Genoa were taken at this meeting. A few members who received the summons were able to escape thanks to a warning from
Massimo Teglio. Rabbi
1830:
2643:
832:
For the following several centuries, Genoa was little more than a small centre, slowly building its merchant fleet, which was to become the leading commercial carrier of the
2198:, being killed by the police. In 2007, 15 officials, including police, prison officials and two doctors, were found guilty by an Italian court of mistreating protesters (
1633:
absolute monarchy, wanting to be Italian rather than Piedmontese, though relations with Piedmont improved with the war against Austria. However, after the defeat in the
1213:(1378–1381) – during which Genoa almost managed to decisively subdue Venice – ended with Venice's recovery of dominance in the Adriatic. In 1390, Genoa initiated the
389:
2350:, in English, "Janus, the first King of Italy, progeny of the giants, who founded Genoa in the days of Abraham." Another theory traces the name to the Etruscan word
1390:
in many parts of the world from Crimea to North Africa, from Spain to the Americas, leaving valuable architectural works in many locations, such as the forts of
651:
is named). According to excavations carried out in the city between 1898 and 1910, the Ligure population that lived in Genoa maintained trade relations with the
1182:. The Genoese navy was on a par with the Venetian navy and both cities had the power to rule the sea. Notable conflicts between Byzantines and Genoese were the
413:
2084:
has evolved into one of the largest annual events in Genoa. The city became an important industrial centre, giving rise to manufacturers of diving equipment (
1524:. This episode in the city's history is mainly remembered for the Genoese revolt, precipitated by a legendary boy named Giovan Battista Perasso and nicknamed
1028:
relates the history of the Holy Grail. Not all of Genoa's merchandise was so innocuous, however, as medieval Genoa became a major player in the slave trade.
2525:
401:
1684:
In the 19th and the early 20th centuries, Genoa consolidated its role as a major seaport and an important steel and shipbuilding centre. In Genoa in 1853,
619:
562:
2100:), food services ("Elah Dufour" and "Sogegross"), construction ("FISIA-Italimpianti"), and, for a time, nuclear reactors (NIRA, which closed after the
2663:Гавриленко О. А., Сівальньов О. М., Цибулькін В. В. Генуезька спадщина на теренах України; етнодержавознавчий вимір. — Харків: Точка, 2017.— 260 с. —
2558:
2069:, who until the last moment tried to help other Jews, was captured in the Galleria Mazzini in November of that year. He was murdered at Auschwitz.
1351:
in Genoa for the relief of general taxation on food. Columbus was the culmination of a long tradition of Genoese navigators and explorers such as
1375:. (It has been suggested that Antoniotto Usodimare and Antonio di Noli may be different names for the same person.) The famous Genoese navigator
739:, because Genoa, like him, has two faces: a face that looks at the sea and another turned to the mountains. Or it could come from the Latin word
1985:. After some ineffectual air raids in 1940, in February 1941 the city suffered heavy damage in a naval bombardment carried out by the British
2687:
2668:
2468:
2435:
955:
1551:
was proclaimed in 1755, Genoa was forced by the well-supported rebellion to sell its claim to Corsica to the French, under the terms of the
234:
219:
2483:
1446:
or Scipione Cicala, member of the aristocratic Genoese family of Cicala, is fascinating: it is said he was caught by the Ottomans in the
1427:
991:
2132:
entitled "Parlando del Naufragio della London Valour", or "Talking about the sinking of the London Valour". In 1970 the Greek student
1494:
809:
was closely connected to these bishops in exile, for example involving himself in the election of Deusdedit. The Lombards, under King
567:
273:
1884:
football club in Buenos Aires. This is why the fans of Boca Juniors are called "Los Xeneizes", which means the Genoese. In addition,
1505:, went on to earn the largest payment then recorded (2,000 ducats) for work for Philip II of Spain in the Escorial palace in Madrid.
1308:
2410:
1634:
277:
1982:
1598:
granting the petitions of the nations?" (spoken by a thoroughly anti-Bonapartist Russian aristocrat, soon after the news reached
1031:
The Genoese have a claim to the creation of the rough denim cloth then called "Blue Jean", from which derives the modern name of
532:
1508:
In the 17th century, however, Genoa entered a period of crisis. In May 1625, a French-Savoian army invaded the republic but was
1826:
1528:
who threw a stone at an Austrian official and became a national hero to later generations of Genoese, and Italians in general (
1187:
434:
2179:, celebrated the 500th anniversary of the discovery of America. For the occasion, thanks to the intervention of the architect
1280:
2644:
Crollo Genova, trovato l'ultimo disperso sotto le macerie: è l'operaio Mirko. Muore uno dei feriti, le vittime totali sono 43
2302:
2276:
1521:
612:
502:
157:
2140:. In this period Genoa was the centre of protest movements that sometimes take the form of armed struggle. In the so-called
1880:, now famous for its colorful houses in the Ligurian style, in addition on 3 April 1905 a group of Genoese boys founded the
1422:
in Corsica and Sardinia. The Genoese established commercial bases and colonies around the Black Sea and Sea of Azov, called
1275:
Genoa was able to stabilise its position as it moved into the 16th century, particularly as a result of the efforts of Doge
923:, or "A Genoese therefore a merchant" but the Genoese were skilled sailors and ferocious warriors in addition (see also the
663:, was founded at the top of the hill today called Castello (Castle), which is now inside the medieval old town. The ancient
407:
829:
while fighting against the Saracens. In this period the Roman walls, destroyed by the Lombards, were rebuilt and extended.
2081:
1752:
1431:
1140:
845:
349:
344:
328:
2016:
1815:
1775:
1443:
1183:
537:
470:
2569:
2226:. In 2013, 11 deaths resulted from the collapse of the control tower of Genoa's port after being hit by the cargo ship
1970:
During the fascist period the city of Genoa was united to nineteen municipalities, creating in 1926 what was known as "
643:
The Genoa area has been inhabited since the fifth or fourth millennium BC. In ancient times this area was inhabited by
2207:
2191:
2042:
1552:
1352:
583:
424:
2037:; between 1943 and 1945, 1,836 Genoese partisans were killed, and 2,250 anti-fascists were deported from the city to
1933:
2362:, suggests that the Latin name may be a corruption of an older Etruscan one with an original meaning of "new town".
2161:
2089:
1676:
1658:
1642:
1626:
1516:
killed as many as half of the population. In May 1684, as a punishment for Genoese support for Spain, the city was
1502:
1423:
1299:
1625). Some Genoese enjoyed remarkable careers in the service of the Spanish crown: notably the maritime explorers
517:
476:
2532:
1072:
and its aftermath, Genoa was able to improve its position, taking advantage of the opportunity to expand into the
2682:
2199:
2160:. In 1980 the Genoese Red Brigades group was eliminated at the hands of a special detachment under the orders of
2005:
1811:
1419:
1003:
605:
547:
512:
507:
35:
782:
2597:
2231:
2073:
2001:
1964:
1740:
1653:'s vision of a local republic into a struggle for a unified Italy under a liberalised Savoy monarchy. In 1860,
1439:
1171:
527:
262:
120:
1834:
1379:, a contemporary of Columbus, discovered northern parts of North America when sailing under the commission of
798:
2010:
1960:
1838:
1520:
with some 13,000 cannonballs aimed at the city. Genoa was eventually occupied by Austria in 1746 during the
1201:
in Crimea on the Black Sea. Following the economic and population collapse that resulted, Genoa adopted the
1100:
757:
420:
292:
209:
1606:
Although the Genoese revolted against France in 1814 and liberated the city on their own, delegates at the
2112:; both events left indelible scars on the city and in the memory of citizens. In 1965 the political party
2058:
2030:
1929:
1803:
1787:
1779:
1568:
1234:
1132:
1035:, used by sailors for work and to cover and protect their goods on the docks from the weather. During the
552:
1806:
was founded. In 1874 the city was completely connected by railway lines to France and the rest of Italy:
1450:
and then he became Kapudan Pasha or Grand Admiral of the Ottoman fleet, (this adventure story is sung by
2430:. Conjunctions of Religion and Power in the Medieval Past. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
2141:
2137:
2061:, and later Massimo Teglio, who received help from local priests and created a regional rescue network.
2057:, an organization that coordinated aid and rescue programs. The office in Genoa was headed initially by
1940:, and the Bisagno stream water tunnel. In 1935, the only synagogue built during the fascist period, the
1716:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1328:
1300:
1179:
1152:
837:
652:
542:
522:
444:
81:
1770:
that produced locomotives and railway carriages and in 1923 began aircraft production. The company as
659:, since several objects from these populations were found. In the fifth century BC the first town, or
2223:
2176:
2129:
1959:
in Genoa. In 1922 the city was the headquarters for the financial and economic conference called the
1724:
1689:
1517:
1451:
1380:
1372:
1356:
1348:
1340:
1261:
1156:
1108:
1052:
915:. Trade, shipbuilding, and banking helped support one of the largest and most powerful navies in the
867:
774:
668:
360:
151:
75:
1426:. They established flourishing communities in Constantinople, Cádiz, Lisbon and Gibraltar (see also
2109:
1971:
1951:, the metallurgical company "F.I.T.", the oil refining company "IPLOM SpA", and the energy company
1937:
1925:
1822:
1807:
1744:
1720:
1611:
1490:
1264:, founded in 1407, which was the oldest chartered bank in the world at its closure in 1805 and the
1096:
and others, caused much disruption, but in general the republic was run much as a business affair.
1025:
924:
882:
871:
322:
310:
287:
189:
24:
1861:, one of the most influential Italian politicians of the 20th century, was born in Genoa in 1893.
2441:
2219:
2101:
2038:
2034:
1917:
1901:
1701:
1654:
1607:
1497:
settled elsewhere and a number of local artists became prominent. In the late sixteenth century,
1415:
1288:
1112:
995:
899:
818:
814:
802:
708:. An amphitheater was also found there among other archaeological remains from the Roman period.
283:
223:
2461:
Before Columbus: Exploration and Colonisation from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, 1229–1492
862:
2664:
2658:
2464:
2431:
2406:
2298:
2250:
2172:
2136:
set himself ablaze in Matteotti Square, Genoa, as a protest against the dictatorial regime of
2066:
1913:
1893:
1858:
1771:
1580:
1576:
1548:
1486:
1466:
1332:
1317:
1292:
1284:
1226:
1175:
1160:
1136:
1081:
1036:
939:
916:
886:
857:
833:
813:, finally captured Genoa and other Ligurian cities in about 643. In 725 the mortal remains of
806:
692:
428:
238:
70:
2322:
2096:, and the "OSN-Orizzonti Sistemi Navali"), oil production ("IP-Italiana Petroli"), textiles (
1941:
1748:
1465:
At the time of Genoa's zenith in the 16th century, the city attracted many artists including
1320:(such as chattel slavery) were crucial in the exploration and exploitation of the New World.
2149:
2133:
2125:
1897:
1869:
1795:
1670:
1650:
1599:
1447:
1387:
1368:
1343:
himself was a native of Genoa and donated one-tenth of his income from the discovery of the
1279:, who granted a new constitution in 1528 that made Genoa a satellite of the Spanish Empire (
1167:
1065:
947:
931:
786:
766:
684:
44:
1837:). The strong industrialisation attracted large masses of workers which is why in 1892 the
2343:
2280:
2269:
The objects found during the works for the underground had been exposed in the exhibition
2117:
2113:
2097:
2022:
1889:
1885:
1850:
1728:
1712:
1638:
1571:
in 1795 where Genoa fought the French fleet and the English. In 1797, under pressure from
1509:
1478:
1364:
1324:
1296:
1214:
1210:
1124:
1061:
983:
935:
890:
752:
464:
267:
2497:
1739:
was founded in Genoa and then the Lloyd Italiano maritime insurance company. In 1861 the
1685:
1039:, Genoese merchants and sailors exported this cloth throughout Europe. The production of
2203:
2195:
2187:
2157:
2121:
2077:
1990:
1842:
1783:
1763:
1736:
1697:
1662:
1615:
1583:, which was annexed by France in 1805. This fact is mentioned in the first sentence of
1269:
1254:
1128:
1093:
1089:
1069:
967:
963:
676:
672:
395:
199:
114:
1821:
In Genoa the following shipyards were established: Cantiere Navale di Sestri Ponente,
1260:
In the 15th century two of the earliest banks in the world were founded in Genoa: the
2676:
2238:
1952:
1854:
1693:
1589:
1564:
1513:
1498:
1304:
1206:
1020:
841:
688:
635:, Italy, has historically been one of the most important ports on the Mediterranean.
557:
108:
87:
2348:
Janus, primus Rex Italiae de progenie gigantum, qui fundavit Genuam temporae Abrahae
2171:
was shipwrecked off the coast of Genoa, but 1992 marks the rebirth of the city with
2215:
2145:
1994:
1978:
1881:
1873:
1846:
1756:
1732:
1692:
whose shipyards would build some of the most beautiful ships in the world, such as
1646:
1407:
1276:
1265:
1202:
1197:
is said to have been imported into Europe in 1347 from the Genoese trading post at
1040:
1011:
595:
316:
145:
101:
2445:
2274:
1669:. Today a monument is set on the rock at the point where the patriot embarked, in
1621:
2400:
2295:
Genova preromana. Città portuale del Mediterraneo tra il VII e il III secolo a.C.
1872:). Among the most interesting experiences of this exodus was the creation of the
2623:
2273:, held at the Ligurian Archeology Museum (30 November 2009 - 14 February 2010) (
2180:
1993:); then, in the autumn of 1942, it became the first city in Italy to experience
1948:
1908:
1457:
1360:
1336:
1312:
1194:
1120:
457:
370:
125:
2405:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. p. 14.
2153:
2202:). Their prison sentences ranged from five months to five years. In 2004, the
2093:
2085:
1956:
1947:
Genoa also gave rise to numerous industries like the steelworks "S.I.A.C." in
1666:
1470:
1376:
1250:
1116:
1104:
1068:. As Venice's relations with the Byzantines were temporarily disrupted by the
1046:
1015:
975:
878:
778:
711:
450:
2227:
1645:
moved against the city, besieged, bombed and sacked it. With the rise of the
821:; the first Carolingian count of Genoa was Ademarus, who was given the title
691:
accordingly destroyed it in 209 BC. The town was rebuilt and, after the
1799:
1649:, reunification of Italy, movement, the Genoese turned their struggles from
1395:
1144:
1073:
716:
137:
131:
2152:, which in 1974 kidnapped magistrate Mario Sossi and in 1979 killed worker
1174:
in 1284, and with a temporary victory over its rival, Venice, at the naval
897:
annually elected by popular assembly. Genoa was one of the states known as
2484:
Early modern Italy (16th to 18th centuries) » The 17th century crisis
1512:
by the combined Spanish and Genoese armies. In 1656–57, a new outburst of
2168:
2080:, formed with the manufacturing hubs of Milan and Turin. Since 1962, the
1865:
1794:). In 1870 was founded Banca di Genova which in 1895 changed its name to
1572:
1474:
1411:
1344:
1238:
1198:
971:
951:
794:
762:
705:
333:
2053:
refugees gathered in Genoa because the city was the headquarters of the
1955:. In 1921 Carlo Guzzi, together with Angelo and Giorgio Parodi, founded
2054:
1986:
1921:
1877:
1767:
1584:
1544:
1525:
1482:
1403:
1246:
1085:
959:
943:
826:
810:
701:
664:
660:
648:
644:
179:
1790:
conceived and realised one of the most common means of transport, the
1708:
1242:
1218:
1148:
1077:
1007:
979:
912:
904:
894:
744:
656:
2601:
1339:
before the discovery of the Americas) were pioneers in cartography.
893:
was head of state; however, actual power was wielded by a number of
2600:. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Archived from
2327:
Una città portuale del Mediterraneo tra il VII e il III secolo a.C.
2222:. In 2011, Genoa, like other European cities, suffered disastrous
2211:
1791:
1675:
1620:
1435:
1399:
1391:
1249:
to internal revolt, and its Middle Eastern, Eastern European, and
1230:
1131:, to the city. During this time, 1218–1219, a Genoese fleet under
1045:
1032:
861:
790:
736:
724:
710:
632:
18:
2428:
Speaking of Slavery: Color, Ethnicity, and Human Bondage in Italy
1920:. Important urban and architectural works were constructed under
1155:. The alliance between Byzantines and Genoese suffered after the
695:
ended in 146 BC, it received municipal rights. The original
1006:). Genoese Crusaders brought home a green glass goblet from the
908:
817:
arrived in Genoa. In 773 the Lombard Kingdom was annexed by the
2190:
in the city, in July 2001, was overshadowed by mass protests (
2050:
1983:
suffered heavy damage from both naval and aerial bombing raids
1974:", which stretches along the coast for 35 km (22 miles).
1888:, the son of Genoese immigrants in North America, founded the
667:
city was known as Stalia (Σταλìα), referred to in this way by
2033:, Genoa and the surrounding mountains became a center of the
735:) but there are other theories. It could derive from the god
2358:, 2007), based on an inscription on a pottery sherd reading
2526:"I bombardamenti sull'Italia nella Seconda Guerra Mondiale"
719:
bronze tablet, evidence of Genoa's Roman and pre-Roman past
2380:
Gregory I, Registrum Epistolarum, MGH Ep. 2, XI.14, p. 274
2072:
In the post-war years, Genoa played a pivotal role in the
1743:
Italian register of shipping was created, and in 1879 the
934:, now the patron saint of the city, arrived in Genoa. The
1831:
Esposizione Internazionale di Marina e di igiene marinara
2582:
Special Operations Europe: Scenes from the Anti-Nazi War
2554:
2552:
1166:
Genoa's political zenith came with its victory over the
2463:. Philadelphia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press.
2271:
Archeologia Metropolitana. Piazza Brignole e Acquasola
2234:
was transported to the port of Genoa to be broken up.
1143:; about this period we must also remember the Genoese
1802:. Also in Genoa in 1898 the insurance company called
1193:
However, this period of prosperity did not last. The
1751:
in 1881 was among the founders of the ferry company
1614:, thus ending the three century old struggle by the
1434:); these communities were organised and governed by
1080:. Internal feuds between the powerful families, the
1056:, renaissance lighthouse of Genoa was built in 1543.
974:, colonies were established in the Middle East, the
2214:. In 2009 the Genoese actor and political activist
2124:. A shipwreck in 1970 off the coast of Genoa, the
2055:Delegation for the Assistance of Jewish Emigrants
1857:and in 1903 the socialist newspaper "Il Lavoro".
1481:(1512–1572) designed many of the city's splendid
990:, or chronicler, of the Genoese vicissitudes was
23:View of the city of Genoa from the belvedere of
2108:called "Madre di Dio" location of the house of
1595:
1217:, with help from the French, and laid siege to
1014:), which the Genoese have long regarded as the
885:established during this period. Nominally, the
16:History of the Italian city and former republic
2389:Paul the Deacon, Historia Langobardorum, IV.45
2371:Paul the Deacon, Historia Langobardorum, II.25
2237:14 August 2018 was a black day for Genoa: the
1386:During its rise and its apogee, Genoa founded
966:, and had practically complete control of the
1864:In this period many Genoese emigrated to the
1489:(1590–1657) designed the centrepieces of the
877:Before 1100, Genoa emerged as an independent
848:and possibly even abandoned for a few years.
613:
8:
2592:
2590:
2148:formed a very active column in Genoa called
2194:) and police violence, with one protester,
2128:, is the theme of a song by local minstrel
2000:The exploits during this period of admiral
1916:, famous for the sinking of the battleship
723:The city's modern name may derive from the
2041:in Germany. The city was liberated by the
1786:son of Rinaldo Piaggio, with the engineer
1209:. The wars with Venice continued, and the
620:
606:
29:
2183:, the Old Harbour smartened up its face.
2008:, are retold in several films, including
1579:became a French protectorate called the
1456:
1064:was offset by Genoa's alliance with the
2262:
2076:, as the third corner of the so-called
1518:subjected to a French naval bombardment
970:. Through Genoese participation in the
43:
32:
2513:Comando Bombardieri - Operazione Europ
2338:Giulia Petracco Sicardi, "Genova", in
2319:Scavi nell'oppidum preromano di Genova
2092:, and Techisub SpA), ferries (GNV and
1610:sanctioned its incorporation into the
805:fled and held his seat in Genoa. Pope
2659:Timeline of Genoa § Bibliography
2354:which means "New City". Piera Melli (
2321:, L'Erma di Bretschneider, Roma 1987
2241:bridge collapsed, killing 43 people.
2230:. In 2014, the sunken wreck from the
1099:In 1218–1220 Genoa was served by the
994:and the hero and military leader was
956:Pisan-Genoese expeditions to Sardinia
7:
2570:L'atto di resa delle truppe tedesche
2329:, Genova, Fratelli Frilli ed., 2007.
1853:. In 1886 was founded the newspaper
1661:volunteers to begin the conquest of
919:. There is an old saying that says:
2624:"Italy officials convicted over G8"
1428:History of the Genoese in Gibraltar
1221:, the Fatimid capital of Ifriqiya.
992:Caffaro di Rustico da Caschifellone
2459:Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (1987).
2346:there is an inscription that says
1495:Genoese Baroque and Rococo artists
683:(equal pact) in the course of the
14:
930:In 1098, it is said the ashes of
2210:, along with the French city of
1543:). Unable to retain its rule in
1313:Giovanni della Croce Bernardotte
1002:meaning "mallet head" (see also
589:
54:
2598:"The Jewish Community of Genoa"
2402:Genoa and the Genoese, 958–1528
1827:Cantiere navale di Riva Trigoso
1657:set out from Genoa with over a
1135:with the famous Genoese pirate
1115:, which was soon to boast such
1963:that was a consequence of the
1522:War of the Austrian Succession
1501:, known as the founder of the
823:praefectus civitatis Genuensis
675:. Stalia had an alliance with
158:Praetorian prefecture of Italy
1:
2325:in GoogleBooks; Piera Melli,
2082:Genoa International Boat Show
1753:Navigazione Generale Italiana
1735:. In 1854, the ferry company
1205:and was presided over by the
1159:, admirably described in the
797:invaded Italy in 568, Bishop
268:Byzantine reconquest of Italy
2688:Histories of cities in Italy
1776:Mubadala Development Company
1641:, the troops of the general
1454:in "Sinàn Capudàn Pascià").
1444:Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha
1203:Venetian model of government
1184:Genoese occupation of Rhodes
838:thoroughly sacked and burned
329:Mid-16th c. to early 19th c.
2426:Epstein, Steven A. (2001).
2399:Epstein, Steven A. (1996).
2342:, Torino, 1990, p. 355. In
2340:Dizionario di toponomastica
2208:European Capital of Culture
2192:Anti-globalisation movement
1353:Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi
1024:, the Archbishop of Genoa,
852:Middle Ages and Renaissance
647:(ancient people after whom
2704:
2656:
2279:December 30, 2013, at the
2162:Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa
2049:During World War II, many
1643:Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora
1627:Expedition of the Thousand
1503:Genoese School of painting
1111:, who probably introduced
855:
846:Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi
789:made it the seat of their
781:occupied Genoa. After the
2200:2001 Raid on Armando Diaz
1635:First War of Independence
1004:Siege of Jerusalem (1099)
172:Romano-Barbarian Kingdoms
2502:, World History at KMLA.
2487:Encyclopædia Britannica.
2206:designated Genoa as the
2074:Italian economic miracle
2002:Luigi Durand de la Penne
1741:Registro Italiano Navale
639:Prehistory and antiquity
263:Italy in the Middle Ages
121:Roman expansion in Italy
1839:Italian Socialist Party
1782:. (After World War II,
1774:at present is owned by
1510:successfully driven out
1268:, founded in 1483 as a
921:Genuensis ergo mercator
687:(218-201 BC). The
471:European migrant crisis
421:Italian Social Republic
336:Italy (1801–1814)
293:Guelphs and Ghibellines
2626:. BBC News. 2008-07-15
2297:(in Italian). Frilli.
2175:. Genoa, city home of
2059:Lelio Vittorio Valobra
2031:Armistice of Cassibile
1804:Alleanza Assicurazioni
1755:which then become the
1681:
1629:
1625:Garibaldi leading the
1604:
1477:. The famed architect
1462:
1440:Chio's Maona and Focea
1272:, which still exists.
1057:
889:was sovereign and the
874:
773:After the fall of the
720:
154:(286 AD–476 AD)
84:(12th–6th c. BC)
78:(18th–3rd c. BC)
27:
2559:Enciclopedia Treccani
2138:Georgios Papadopoulos
1934:Piazza della Vittoria
1835:List of world's fairs
1717:SS Cristoforo Colombo
1690:Gio. Ansaldo & C.
1679:
1624:
1618:to acquire the city.
1541:Siege of Genoa (1800)
1537:Siege of Genoa (1747)
1533:Siege of Genoa (1746)
1461:View of Genoa in 1572
1460:
1329:Giovanni da Carignano
1301:Juan Bautista Pastene
1188:Byzantine-Genoese War
1180:Venetian-Genoese Wars
1153:Henry, Count of Malta
1049:
942:extended over modern
881:, one of a number of
865:
761:3.48) as part of the
727:word meaning "knee" (
714:
414:Italy in World War II
117:(509 BC–27 BC)
111:(753 BC–509 BC)
90:(8th–3rd c. BC)
82:Etruscan civilization
22:
2177:Christopher Columbus
1841:was founded here by
1725:SS Leonardo da Vinci
1553:Treaty of Versailles
1381:Henry VII of England
1373:Antoniotto Usodimare
1357:Lancelotto Malocello
1349:Bank of Saint George
1341:Christopher Columbus
1311:, the naval captain
1262:Bank of Saint George
1157:Battle of Settepozzi
1139:participated in the
1109:Rambertino Buvalelli
1060:The collapse of the
900:Repubbliche Marinare
868:Christopher Columbus
775:Western Roman Empire
669:Artemidorus Ephesius
508:Currency and coinage
447:(1970s–1980s)
402:Italy in World War I
313:(14th–16th c.)
148:(27 BC–286 AD)
76:Nuragic civilization
2584:(1980), pp. 340/360
2078:Industrial Triangle
2039:concentration camps
1944:, was inaugurated.
1938:Arco della Vittoria
1928:which includes the
1823:Cantiere della Foce
1798:and in 1998 became
1788:Corradino D'Ascanio
1780:Villanova d'Albenga
1745:Yacht Club Italiano
1612:Kingdom of Sardinia
1491:University of Genoa
1178:in 1298 during the
1026:Jacobus de Voragine
925:Genoese crossbowmen
883:Italian city-states
872:Ridolfo Ghirlandaio
825:. Ademarus died in
311:Italian Renaissance
288:Italian city-states
2511:Giorgio Bonacina,
2446:10.7591/j.ctv8j5bm
2220:Five Star Movement
2102:Chernobyl disaster
2035:Italian Resistance
2006:Raid on Alexandria
1942:Synagogue of Genoa
1930:Piacentini's Tower
1918:SMS Viribus Unitis
1902:Italian Uruguayans
1749:Raffaele Rubattino
1682:
1655:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1630:
1608:Congress of Vienna
1547:, where the rebel
1463:
1418:in Constanța, the
1289:Battle of Girolata
1113:Occitan literature
1058:
1043:was also notable.
996:Guglielmo Embriaco
887:Holy Roman Emperor
875:
815:Augustine of Hippo
747:. The Latin name,
721:
284:Maritime republics
270:(6th–8th c.)
224:Carolingian Empire
28:
2669:978-617-669-209-6
2470:978-0-8122-1412-3
2437:978-1-5017-2512-8
2251:Timeline of Genoa
2130:Fabrizio De André
2067:Riccardo Pacifici
2004:, especially the
1965:Treaty of Rapallo
1914:Raffaele Rossetti
1894:Italian Peruvians
1859:Palmiro Togliatti
1812:Genoa-Ventimiglia
1772:Piaggio Aerospace
1639:uprising of Genoa
1581:Ligurian Republic
1577:Republic of Genoa
1549:Corsican Republic
1487:Bartolomeo Bianco
1452:Fabrizio De André
1347:for Spain to the
1333:Battista Beccario
1293:Battle of Lepanto
1285:Battle of Preveza
1176:Battle of Curzola
1172:Battle of Meloria
1161:Annales ianuenses
1141:Siege of Damietta
1137:Alamanno da Costa
1037:Republic of Genoa
940:Republic of Genoa
858:Republic of Genoa
834:Mediterranean Sea
807:Gregory the Great
751:, is recorded by
693:Carthaginian Wars
630:
629:
477:COVID-19 pandemic
473:(2014–2016)
467:(2007–2009)
461:(1992–2001)
453:(1986–1992)
431:(1943–1945)
429:Italian Civil War
416:(1940–1945)
410:(1922–1943)
404:(1914–1918)
398:(1882–1960)
392:(1861–1946)
364:(1815–1871)
325:(1545–1648)
319:(1494–1559)
280:in southern Italy
248:
247:
239:Holy Roman Empire
71:Prehistoric Italy
2695:
2683:History of Genoa
2646:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2594:
2585:
2580:Basil Davidson,
2578:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2556:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2537:
2531:. Archived from
2530:
2522:
2516:
2509:
2503:
2495:
2489:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2363:
2356:Genova Preromana
2336:
2330:
2317:Marco Milanese,
2315:
2309:
2308:
2290:
2284:
2267:
2150:October 22 Group
2134:Kostas Georgakis
2126:SS London Valour
2017:The Silent Enemy
1961:Genoa Conference
1898:Italian Chileans
1876:district called
1870:Italian diaspora
1796:Credito Italiano
1778:and is based in
1768:Piaggio & C.
1686:Giovanni Ansaldo
1671:Quarto dei Mille
1651:Giuseppe Mazzini
1600:Saint Petersburg
1567:in 1793 and the
1448:Battle of Djerba
1442:). The story of
1369:Antonio Malfante
1309:Ambrogio Spinola
1253:colonies to the
1168:Republic of Pisa
1066:Byzantine Empire
932:John the Baptist
767:Regio IX Liguria
685:Second Punic War
622:
615:
608:
596:Italy portal
594:
593:
592:
323:Catholic revival
176:
175:
58:
48:
30:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2673:
2672:
2661:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2642:
2638:
2629:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2438:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2337:
2333:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2281:Wayback Machine
2268:
2264:
2259:
2247:
2232:Costa Concordia
2118:Arrigo Cervetto
2116:was founded by
2114:Lotta Comunista
2023:Human Torpedoes
1890:Bank of America
1886:Amadeo Giannini
1851:Anna Kuliscioff
1764:Rinaldo Piaggio
1729:SS Michelangelo
1713:SS Andrea Doria
1665:among them was
1569:Battle of Genoa
1561:
1479:Galeazzo Alessi
1365:Antonio de Noli
1325:Pietro Vesconte
1297:Relief of Genoa
1235:Battle of Ponza
1215:Barbary Crusade
1211:War of Chioggia
1125:Lanfranc Cigala
1062:Crusader States
984:Northern Africa
891:Bishop of Genoa
860:
854:
840:in 934–35 by a
836:. The town was
819:Frankish Empire
753:Pliny the Elder
641:
626:
590:
588:
586:
577:
576:
575:
573:
533:Historic states
497:
489:
488:
465:Great Recession
396:Colonial Empire
385:
377:
376:
375:
356:
306:
298:
297:
258:
250:
249:
173:
165:
164:
104:
94:
93:
66:
46:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2701:
2699:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2675:
2674:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2636:
2615:
2604:on 2 July 2018
2586:
2573:
2562:
2548:
2517:
2504:
2490:
2476:
2469:
2451:
2436:
2418:
2411:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2331:
2310:
2303:
2293:Melli, Piera.
2285:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2243:
2204:European Union
2196:Carlo Giuliani
2188:27th G8 summit
2173:Genoa Expo '92
2158:Fausto Cuocolo
2156:and professor
2122:Lorenzo Parodi
1991:Operation Grog
1843:Filippo Turati
1784:Enrico Piaggio
1737:Costa Crociere
1663:Southern Italy
1616:House of Savoy
1560:
1559:Modern history
1557:
1493:. A number of
1307:, the general
1281:Siege of Coron
1270:mount of piety
1255:Ottoman Empire
1237:). Genoa lost
1129:Bonifaci Calvo
1070:Fourth Crusade
968:Tyrrhenian Sea
856:Main article:
853:
850:
673:Pomponius Mela
640:
637:
628:
627:
625:
624:
617:
610:
602:
599:
598:
579:
578:
571:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
499:
498:
495:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:
485:
484:
474:
468:
462:
454:
442:
432:
417:
411:
405:
399:
393:
386:
383:
382:
379:
378:
374:
373:
367:
366:
365:
355:
354:
353:
352:
347:
339:
338:
337:
331:
326:
320:
314:
307:
304:
303:
300:
299:
296:
295:
290:
281:
271:
265:
259:
256:
255:
252:
251:
246:
245:
244:962–1801
242:
231:
230:
227:
216:
215:
212:
206:
205:
202:
196:
195:
192:
186:
185:
182:
174:
171:
170:
167:
166:
163:
162:
161:
160:
152:Western Empire
149:
143:
142:
141:
128:
123:
112:
105:
100:
99:
96:
95:
92:
91:
85:
79:
73:
67:
64:
63:
60:
59:
51:
50:
41:
40:
33:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2700:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2652:
2645:
2640:
2637:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2538:on 2020-09-24
2534:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2515:a, pp. 49-50.
2514:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2477:
2472:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2412:0-8078-4992-8
2408:
2404:
2403:
2395:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2377:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2239:Ponte Morandi
2235:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:Years of Lead
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1972:Greater Genoa
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1892:. (See also "
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1855:Il Secolo XIX
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1699:
1695:
1694:ARA Garibaldi
1691:
1687:
1680:Genoa in 1810
1678:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1590:War and Peace
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1565:Raid on Genoa
1558:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1499:Luca Cambiaso
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1318:Mediterranean
1314:
1310:
1306:
1305:Leon Pancaldo
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1207:Doge of Genoa
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1170:at the naval
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1021:Golden Legend
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:Testadimaglio
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
917:Mediterranean
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
873:
869:
864:
859:
851:
849:
847:
843:
842:Fatimid fleet
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749:oppidum Genua
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
718:
713:
709:
707:
703:
698:
694:
690:
689:Carthaginians
686:
682:
681:foedus aequum
678:
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662:
658:
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638:
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445:Years of Lead
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229:774–962
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218:
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214:568–774
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211:
208:
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204:435–534
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194:493–553
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184:476–493
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88:Magna Graecia
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2662:
2653:Bibliography
2639:
2628:. Retrieved
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2602:the original
2581:
2576:
2565:
2540:. Retrieved
2533:the original
2520:
2512:
2507:
2498:
2493:
2486:
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2334:
2326:
2318:
2313:
2294:
2288:
2270:
2265:
2236:
2218:founded the
2216:Beppe Grillo
2185:
2167:In 1991 the
2166:
2146:Red Brigades
2106:
2071:
2063:
2048:
2028:
2021:
2015:
2009:
1999:
1995:area bombing
1979:World War II
1976:
1969:
1946:
1926:Piazza Dante
1906:
1882:Boca Juniors
1874:Buenos Aires
1863:
1847:Andrea Costa
1820:
1761:
1757:Italian Line
1747:. The owner
1733:SS SeaBreeze
1721:MS Gripsholm
1703:
1683:
1647:Risorgimento
1631:
1605:
1596:
1588:
1562:
1529:
1507:
1464:
1408:Galata Tower
1385:
1323:The Genoese
1322:
1277:Andrea Doria
1274:
1266:Banca Carige
1259:
1223:
1192:
1165:
1133:Simone Doria
1103:
1098:
1059:
1051:
1041:Genoese lace
1030:
1019:
1012:Holy Chalice
999:
987:
929:
920:
898:
876:
866:Portrait of
831:
822:
772:
765:
756:
748:
740:
732:
728:
722:
696:
680:
642:
631:
582:
572:
480:
479:(2020–
456:
438:
437:(1946–
361:Risorgimento
359:
317:Italian Wars
305:Early modern
136:
130:
102:Ancient Rome
2181:Renzo Piano
2154:Guido Rossa
2011:The Valiant
1949:Cornigliano
1924:including:
1909:World War I
1808:Genoa-Turin
1361:Luca Tarigo
1337:Genoese map
1195:Black Death
1121:Jacme Grils
1117:troubadours
1050:The iconic
903:along with
793:. When the
503:Citizenship
458:Mani pulite
371:Young Italy
190:Ostrogothic
126:Roman Italy
45:History of
25:Castelletto
2677:Categories
2657:See also:
2630:2011-04-12
2542:2020-02-11
2499:Genoa 1684
2304:8875633363
2257:References
2228:Jolly Nero
2094:Home Lines
2086:Cressi-Sub
2029:After the
1957:Moto Guzzi
1868:(see also
1816:Genoa-Pisa
1667:Nino Bixio
1471:Caravaggio
1438:(see also
1432:Levantines
1416:Lighthouse
1377:John Cabot
1251:Asia Minor
1233:(see also
1016:Holy Grail
1010:(see also
976:Aegean Sea
954:(see also
879:city-state
787:Byzantines
783:Gothic War
779:Ostrogoths
758:Nat. Hist.
731:; plural,
679:through a
451:Maxi Trial
334:Napoleonic
2344:Cathedral
2043:partisans
1936:with its
1833:(see the
1800:Unicredit
1555:of 1768.
1396:Balaklava
1283:1532/34,
1145:privateer
1074:Black Sea
1018:. In his
799:Honoratus
763:Augustean
717:Polcevera
653:Etruscans
425:Partisans
180:Odoacer's
138:Optimates
132:Populares
2277:Archived
2245:See also
2224:flooding
2169:MT Haven
2110:Paganini
1866:Americas
1766:founded
1762:In 1884
1704:Augustus
1702:MS
1688:founded
1659:thousand
1573:Napoleon
1530:see also
1475:Van Dyck
1412:Istanbul
1388:colonies
1345:Americas
1239:Sardinia
1227:Visconti
1186:and the
1082:Grimaldi
1053:Lanterna
988:cronista
972:Crusades
952:Sardinia
948:Piedmont
795:Lombards
706:Piacenza
665:Ligurian
655:and the
584:Timeline
548:Military
496:By topic
435:Republic
419:Fascist
390:Monarchy
345:Republic
257:Medieval
235:Germanic
220:Frankish
115:Republic
36:a series
34:Part of
2323:on-line
1987:Force H
1922:Fascism
1907:During
1878:La Boca
1698:SS Roma
1585:Tolstoy
1545:Corsica
1526:Balilla
1483:palazzi
1424:Gazaria
1404:Tabarka
1247:Corsica
1105:podestà
1094:Spinola
1086:Fieschi
998:called
960:Corsica
944:Liguria
895:consuls
827:Corsica
811:Rothari
702:Tortona
697:castrum
661:oppidum
649:Liguria
645:Ligures
568:Railway
563:Postage
538:Judaism
528:Genetic
518:Fashion
513:Economy
481:present
439:present
408:Fascism
350:Kingdom
278:Normans
210:Lombard
109:Kingdom
2667:
2608:2 July
2467:
2444:
2434:
2409:
2360:Kainua
2352:Kainua
2301:
2144:, the
2051:Jewish
1981:Genoa
1849:, and
1731:, and
1709:SS Rex
1575:, the
1539:, and
1514:plague
1485:, and
1467:Rubens
1420:Towers
1414:, the
1406:, the
1295:1571,
1291:1540,
1287:1538,
1243:Aragon
1219:Mahdia
1149:pirate
1101:Guelph
1088:, the
1078:Crimea
1008:Levant
986:. The
982:, and
980:Sicily
962:, and
936:Adorno
913:Amalfi
911:, and
905:Venice
844:under
785:, the
777:, the
745:Geneva
657:Greeks
384:Modern
200:Vandal
146:Empire
38:on the
2536:(PDF)
2529:(PDF)
2442:JSTOR
2212:Lille
2090:Mares
1792:Vespa
1436:Maona
1400:Sudak
1392:Caffa
1335:(see
1231:Milan
1199:Caffa
1090:Doria
1033:jeans
803:Milan
791:vicar
741:ianua
737:Janus
733:genua
725:Latin
633:Genoa
553:Music
523:Flags
274:Islam
65:Early
47:Italy
2665:ISBN
2610:2018
2465:ISBN
2432:ISBN
2407:ISBN
2299:ISBN
2186:The
2120:and
2098:SLAM
2020:and
1904:").
1900:", "
1896:", "
1473:and
1430:and
1402:and
1371:and
1331:and
1303:and
1147:and
1127:and
1084:and
1076:and
964:Nice
909:Pisa
729:genu
715:The
704:and
677:Rome
671:and
558:Name
543:LGBT
427:and
286:and
276:and
135:and
2104:).
1977:In
1953:Erg
1587:'s
1410:in
1241:to
1229:of
1119:as
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2473:.
2448:.
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2307:.
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237:(
226:)
222:(
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