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197:"From a report dated the 18th June 1829, in which he claims to have been the only European who ever visited the place, we learn that Lloyd visited the old Goorka station called Dorjeling’ for six days in February 1829 ... Darjeeling itself, though formerly occupied by a large village and the residence of one of the principal Kazis, was deserted, and the country round it was sparsely inhabited ... The hill territory of Darjeeling having thus been ceded, General Lloyd and Dr. Chapman were sent in 1836 to explore the country ... The country was still practically uninhabited ... About 10 years previously 1,200 able-bodied Lepchas, forming, according to Captain Herbert, two-thirds of the population of Sikkim, had been forced by the oppression of the Raja to fly from Darjeeling and its neighbourhood, and to take refuge in Nepal. What little cultivation there was, had been abandoned."
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225:"The Governor-General having expressed his desire for the possession of the hills of Darjeeling on account of its cool climate, for the purpose of enabling the servants of his Government, suffering from sickness, to avail themselves of its advantages, I the Sikkimputtee Rajah out of friendship for the said Governor-General, hereby present Darjeeling to the East India, that is, all the land south of the Great Runjeet river, east of the Balasur, Kahail and Little Runjeet rivers, and west of the Rungpo and Mahanadi rivers."
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Bolot. Bolot was the maternal uncle to
Tsugphud Namgyal and his assassination was carried out by 'Lhachos' identified by Maharaja's history as the father of 'Cheebu Lama'. Bolot's nephews, the sons of Kotaba Kungha named Dathup, Jerung Denon and Kazi Gorok left Sikkim taking with them 800 houses of Lepcha subjects from Chidam and Namthang and went to Ilam in Nepal where their descendants still reside to this day. From here they conducted raids on Darjeeling and Sikkim
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27:
217:, acknowledging that it also offered strategic advantages as a military outpost and trading hub. Captain Herbert, the Deputy Surveyor General, was then sent to Darjeeling to examine the area. The court of Directors of the British East India Company approved the project. General Lloyd was given the responsibility to negotiate a lease of the area from the Chogyal of Sikkim. The lease as per the Deed of Grant was granted on 1
185:, sent two officers, Captain George Alymer Lloyd and J. W. Grant, to help resolve the situation. On the journey to Ontoo Dara the two officers stayed at Darjeeling for six days at "the old Goorka station called Dorjeling", which Lloyd noted was populated by "100 souls" of Lepchas, and were "much impressed with the possibility of the station as a
529:
demanding for separate state . The new party accepted the GTA (Gorkha
Territorial Administration) after certain years from both the center and the state Government of West Bengal which it believes that the demarcation of land including the Tarai and Doors with Darjeeling and Kalimpong district are
449:
did not automatically apply in the district in line with rest of the country, unless specifically extended). From 1862 to 1870, it was considered a "Regulated Area". The term "Non-Regulated Area" was changed to "Scheduled
District" in 1874 and again to "Back Ward Tracts" in 1919. The status was known
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also began visiting
Darjeeling. The town continued to grow as a tourist destination, becoming known as the "Queen of the Hills". The town did not see any significant political activity during the freedom struggle of India owing to its remote location and small population. However, there was a failed
505:
The population of
Darjeeling rose rapidly. The colonial town of Darjeeling was designed for a population of only 10,000. The population spurt made the town more prone to the environmental problems of recent decades as the region is geologically relatively new. The rise in tourism also affected the
160:
Migration of the
Lepchas to Nepal took place after the assassination of Sikkimese Prime Minister Bolot, of the influential Lepcha Barfung clan. In 1826, Chogyal Tsugphud Namgyal (on the advice of his mother who was a Lepcha herself) passed a resolution for the assassination of his Prime Minister -
307:
The rapid growth of
Darjeeling led to jealousy from the Chogyal of Sikkim. There were also differences between the British Government and Sikkim over the status of people of Sikkim. Because of the increased importance of Darjeeling, many citizens of Sikkim, mostly of the labour class, started to
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was established in 1850. Tea estates continued to grow. By the 1860s, peace was restored in the borders. During this time, immigrants, mainly from Nepal, were recruited to work in the construction sites, tea gardens, and other agriculture-related projects. Scottish missionaries undertook the
109:
The etymology of the place comes from the tibetian word
Dorjeling meaning 'land of thunder'. that is said that it was formerly a place of worship of the Rongs where three stone stand erect (Lung-Chok) till today. Unfortunately the monastery was destroyed by the invading Gurkha Army in 1815.
323:
Consequent to this trouble, and further misconduct on the part of the Sikkim authorities a few years later, the mountain tracts now forming the district of
Darjeeling became part of the British Indian Empire, and the remainder of kingdom of Sikkim became a protected state.
229:
This was an unconditional cession of what was then a worthless uninhabited mountain, but in 1841 the
British government granted the Chogyal of Sikkim an allowance of Rs. 100,000 per annum as compensation, and raised the grant to Rs. 6,000 per annum in 1846.
315:
were touring in Sikkim in 1849, they were captured and imprisoned. This detention continued for weeks. An expeditionary force was sent by the Company to Sikkim. However, there was no necessity for bloodshed and after the company's troops had crossed the
412:
in 1881, smooth communication between the town and the plains below further increased the development of the region. "Darjeeling disaster" was an earthquake in 1898 that caused considerable damage to the young town and its native population.
168:
More than a fallout between the two ethnic groups, it was basically a race for the prized throne. After 1826 the royal family chose its consorts from the aristocracy of Tibet and not from among its Lepcha subjects as prior to that.
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region and started growing tea on an experimental basis near his residence at Beechwood, Darjeeling. This experiment was followed by similar efforts by several other British. The experiments were successful and soon several
295:
421:
Darjeeling Municipality took responsibility for maintaining the civic administration of the town as early as 1850. From 1850 to 1916, the municipality was placed in the first schedule (along with Halna,
647:
Khawas, Vimal (2003). Urban Management in Darjeeling Himalaya: A Case Study of Darjeeling Municipality. The Mountain Forum. Retrieved on 1 May 2006. Now available in the Internet Archive in this
193:
June 1829, Lloyd communicated to the government regarding the possibility of Darjeeling serving as a sanatorium, while about the same time Grant also urged the government to acquire the tract.
462:
Darjeeling's elite residents were the British ruling class of the time, who visited Darjeeling every summer. An increasing number of well-to-do Indian residents of
262:
of Darjeeling. Dr. Campbell became the first superintendent of the sanitarium in 1839. A road connecting Darjeeling with the plains was constructed in 1839.
405:
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settle in Darjeeling as British subjects. The migration disturbed the feudal lords in Sikkim who resorted to forcibly getting the migrants back to Sikkim.
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525:. The DGHC was given semi-autonomous powers to govern the district. The issue of a separate state still agitated in between with a new political party
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and was inhabited by the Lepchas and Bhutias the tribe native to the area since the beginning of time, before being invaded by the
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81:, found that the climate provided excellent tea-cultivating conditions and soon began to grow tea on the hills of Darjeeling.
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In February 1829 dispute between Nepal and Sikkim arose regarding their borders (especially Ontoo Dara) and the then British
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A diverse ethnic population gave rise to socio-economic tensions, and the demand for the creation of the separate states of
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and Lepcha armies of Sikkim. The Gorkha army from Nepal invaded Darjeeling in the 1780s, attacked the Sikkimese capital of
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and Kamtapur along ethnic lines grew popular in the 1980s. The issues came to a head after a 40-day strike called by the
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Prior to 1861 and from 1870–1874, Darjeeling District was a "Non-Regulated Area" (where acts and regulations of the
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February 1817, the British returned the land area between the Mechi and Teesta to the Sikkimese Chogyal under the
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in 1888, Railway Station in 1891, and Town Hall (present Municipality Building) in 1921. With the opening of the
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517:, during which violence gripped Darjeeling. Political tensions largely declined with the establishment of
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town and its adjoining hill areas belonging to Sikkim, but eventually part of British India so now in the
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and others), where commissioners were appointed by local governments and second schedule (along with
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was first put under the Deputy Commissioner of Western Duars, but in 1866 it was transferred to the
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A Copy of The Deed of Grant written in Lepcha followed by its translation in Hindustani. (1835)
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into Nepal. By 1816 the whole of the area known as British Sikkim belonged to Nepal. After the
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Relations deteriorated to such an extent that when Dr. Campbell and the plant collector Sir
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After the independence of India in 1947, Darjeeling became part of West Bengal. When the
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Arora, Vibha (2008). "Routing the Commodities of Empire through Sikkim (1817-1906)".
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1922 Darjeeling Past and Present--A Concise History of Darjeeling District since 1835
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Bentinck agreed to acquire the hill tract as a military outpost and
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construction of schools and welfare centres for the British residents:
73:. Part of the state of Sikkim, Darjeeling became part of an important
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became British property following the defeat of Bhutan in the
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between Nepal and Bhutan. The British, using the area as a
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Dr. Campbell brought Chinese tea seeds in 1841 from the
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Darjeeling, showing the Himalayan Range, as seen from
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Himalayan Bird at the world's highest railway station
675:Magic Mountains: Hill Stations and the British Raj
450:as "Partially Excluded Area" from 1935 until the
85:remains a world-renowned export from Darjeeling.
483:assassination attempt by revolutionaries on Sir
274:Bringing in the Darjeeling tea harvest, c. 1890.
121:who were able to subdue the combined indigenous
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698:, Government of Bengal – via archive.org
551:. University of Michigan Library. p. 2.
530:formed for better administrative purpose .
8:
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569:Bengal District Gazetteer By L.S.S O' Malley
141:, which included the land area between the
53:, which is intertwined with the history of
668:kurseongdaily.com. Retrieved on 2 May 2006
582:Commodities of Empire: Working Paper No.9
335:(Treaty of Sinchula – 11 November 1865).
662:Darjeelingnews. Retrieved on 2 May 2006.
113:Darjeeling was originally a part of the
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487:, the Governor of Bengal in the 1930s.
291:Annexation by the British Indian Empire
695:Bengal District Gazetteers: Darjeeling
343:giving the district its final shape.
327:The area of Kalimpong along with the
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458:Development as a tourist destination
129:, and annexed territories up to the
221:February 1835 and runs as follows:
678:, University of California Press,
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320:into Sikkim, hostilities ceased.
692:O'Malley, L. S. S., ed. (1907),
515:Gorkha National Liberation Front
506:ecological balance of the area.
287:started operating commercially.
547:Dozey, E. C. (1 January 1922).
519:Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council
22:Darjeeling District Map (1838)
1:
301:St. Paul's School, Darjeeling
728:Histories of cities in India
672:Kennedy, Dane Keith (1996),
622:India Office Library, London
410:Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
365:Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
363:The Loop, 'Agony Point', on
242:Establishing the sanitorium
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521:under the chairmanship of
466:(then Calcutta), affluent
651:(accessed on 7 June 2006)
246:In 1835, a member of the
179:Governor-General of India
497:People's Liberation Army
491:Post-Indian independence
402:Lloyd's Botanical Garden
173:East India Company Lease
660:Darjeeling Tea History.
385:Darjeeling Municipality
723:History of West Bengal
527:Gorkha Janmukti Morcha
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341:District of Darjeeling
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266:Rise of tea plantation
256:Lord Napier of Magdala
248:Indian Medical Service
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41:covers the history of
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666:History of darjeeling
655:History of darjeeling
500:annexed Tibet in 1950
452:independence of India
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209:peaks from Darjeeling
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183:Lord William Bentinck
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39:History of Darjeeling
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313:Joseph Dalton Hooker
480:Calcutta High Court
406:St. Joseph's School
347:Further development
478:and barristers of
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379:bandstand in 1880.
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252:Archibald Campbell
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33:general view. 1912
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394:St. Paul's School
155:Treaty of Titalia
115:Kingdom of Sikkim
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390:Loreto Convent
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205:View of the
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131:Teesta River
112:
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97:the King of
75:buffer state
38:
36:
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447:British Raj
428:Muzzaferpur
377:(Chowrasta)
285:tea estates
51:West Bengal
718:Darjeeling
713:Gorkhaland
707:Categories
642:References
557:B00416COE4
511:Gorkhaland
424:Hazaribagh
215:sanatorium
187:sanatorium
105:, c. 1900.
103:Darjeeling
89:Early days
79:sanitorium
43:Darjeeling
31:Darjeeling
598:1756-0098
476:zamindars
468:Maharajas
404:in 1878,
400:in 1868,
396:in 1864,
392:in 1847,
337:Kalimpong
127:Rabdentse
49:state of
189:." On 18
464:Kolkata
436:Hooghly
432:Burdwan
367:, 1880s
119:Gorkhas
682:
596:
555:
329:Dooars
303:, 1870
280:Kumaon
219:
191:
151:
147:Teesta
123:Bhutia
99:Sikkim
67:Bengal
63:Bhutan
59:Sikkim
47:Indian
586:(PDF)
534:Notes
440:Nadia
163:Terai
143:Mechi
101:, at
55:Nepal
680:ISBN
594:ISSN
553:ASIN
383:The
145:and
69:and
37:The
649:URL
470:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
