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broken in places and held together with oxhide, a material that expanded on damp mornings and contracted in the afternoon sun; since his chains varied in length depending on the time of day he used them, most of his measurements were off, accumulating errors of as much as 45 feet (13.7 m) out of true by the time he had crossed the city. Haley had been ordered to create neat square city blocks exactly 450 feet (137 m) on a side: a subsequent corrective survey established that he had created blocks ranging from 450 to 464 feet (137 to 141 m) on a side. The lot misalignments and street grid problems caused by Haley persist to the present day. Kinks in
Mission Street at De La Vina and De La Guerra at Santa Barbara Street are two of the awkward places well known to city commuters, which resulted from Haley's unfortunate measurements. In addition, Haley decided to lay out the street grid at an angle of approximately 48 degrees from north, with State Street approximately midway between the Mesa and the Riviera, paralleling both hills, an orientation that confuses both residents and visitors. Downtown's Haley Street, named after him, is ironically one of the streets that did not need a dog-leg to compensate for his variable-length chain.
1095:...and there lies Santa Barbara on its plain, with its amphitheatre of high hills and distant mountains. There is the old white Mission with its belfries, and there the town, with its one-story adobe houses, with here and there a two-story wooden house of later build; yet little it is altered – the same repose in the golden sunlight and glorious climate, sheltered by its hills; and then, more remindful than anything else, there roars and tumbles upon the beach the same grand surf of the great Pacific as on the beautiful day when the Pilgrim, after her five months' voyage, dropped her weary anchors here; the same bright blue ocean, and the surf making just the same monotonous, melancholy roar, and the same dreamy town, and gleaming white Mission, as when we beached our boats for the first time.
1001:, which at the time was little more than a trail. On the night of December 24, 1846, during a torrential rainstorm, he led his California Battalion over the mountains. In spite of losing many of his horses, mules, and cannon to the treacherous and muddy slopes – and not a one to enemy fire – he reached the foothills on the other side in the vicinity of present-day Tucker's Grove, spent the next several days regrouping, making camp along Mission Creek between Anapamu and Canon Perdido Streets, and then marched into Santa Barbara to capture the Presidio. He encountered no resistance: all men interested in fighting had left for Los Angeles to join the forces headed by Flores and
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traffic, housing, and water problems, which led to improvements in the transportation system, such as the building of
Highway 101 through town; tracts of low-cost housing, especially on the Mesa, where oil derricks were removed and replaced by houses; and the building of Lake Cachuma reservoir on the other side of the mountains, along with another water tunnel to bring its water to thirsty residents. During this period, the city selectively recruited businesses to relocate there, choosing clean industries such as aerospace and technology in preference to the oil industry which had already marred many local landscapes with
871:...the large bay without a vessel in it; the surf roaring and rolling in upon the beach; the white mission; the dark town and the high, treeless mountains ... We lay at a distance of three miles (4.8 km) from the beach, and the town was nearly a mile farther; so that we saw little or nothing of it. Occasionally we landed a few goods, which were taken away by the Indians in large, clumsy ox-carts, with the yoke on the ox's neck instead of under it, and with small solid wheels. A few hides were brought down, which we carried off in the California style.
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1369:; their idea was to unify the city's architecture around a Spanish Colonial style, harmonious with the Mission and surviving pueblos. Many of the buildings from the late 19th century were, to their eyes and the eyes of many citizens, ugly, dilapidated, and no different from those in dozens of other run-down western towns. The Lobero Theatre, built on the site of the original Lobero Opera House in 1924, was an example of the architectural style they promoted, as was the first part of the Santa Barbara Natural History Museum.
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notorious in the Los
Angeles basin, housing in the Santa Barbara area was in short supply, and prices soared: in 2006, only six percent of residents could afford a median-value house. As a result, many people who work in Santa Barbara commute from adjacent, more affordable areas, such as Santa Maria, Lompoc, and Ventura. The resultant traffic on incoming arteries, particularly the stretch of Highway 101 between Ventura and Santa Barbara, is another problem being addressed by long-range planners.
1223:, Ireland, to become a cowboy in Texas at the time of the massacre at the Alamo. Moving westward by wagon train at age 29, Hope passed through Santa Barbara on his way to San Francisco, where he married Delia Fox. They operated a rooming house to get a stake with which they bought 2,000 sheep, which Hope drove down to Santa Barbara to graze on land leased from the Cieneguitas natives. He and Delia lived in an adobe believed to have been located near today's Vieja Valley school.
720:, killing cattle and slitting the throats of horses. However, after being alerted by messengers from Monterey, the Presidio dispatched a squadron of cavalry, who caught three stragglers from the ill-disciplined raiding party and dragged them back to Santa Barbara in chains. Bouchard sailed the remaining twenty miles (32 km) to Santa Barbara a few days later, anchoring off of present-day Milpas Street, and threatened to shell the town unless his men were returned to him.
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the condemnation of a right of way across his property. To prevent this, Hope stationed his Native
American foreman, the giant Juan Justo, to barricade the road and turn all traffic out of Hope Ranch. In 1873, the county surveyor J. L. Barker began staking out a road along this path, and Hope clouted him over the skull with a fence rail, which cost him a $ 1,000 fine for assault and battery. Because of Justo's role in the controversy and because the
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padres in the
Mission system became laborers on the ranches, occupying the lowest rung of the social ladder, with the oldest established families – the Ortegas, De la Guerras, and others – at the top. During this period the town of Santa Barbara grew into a modest, and informally organized collection of structures around the central Presidio. A few of these buildings – such as the
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register shows that 3,997 Indians died between 1787 and 1841, the majority from diseases such as smallpox, to which the natives had no natural immunity. By 1803 the
Mission's chapel was finished, and by 1807 a complete village for the Indians had been completed, largely by their own labor. The site of this village is on the Mission grounds along modern-day Constance Street.
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1046:, in 1855. The newspaper was half in English and half in Spanish since the population, not all of whom were bilingual, was split between the two languages. English gradually supplanted Spanish as the language of daily life. Although minutes of the newly formed City Council were kept in English by 1852, Spanish remained the language used for public records until 1870.
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place's charms, including that almost anything planted would grow there. In 1850, California became the 31st state, and immediately after its establishment, both Santa
Barbara City and County came into being. By 1850, the area was still sparsely populated, with the census showing only 1,185 people for the entire county, but that number doubled in ten years.
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804:. One of the earliest notable events in the Mexican period in Santa Barbara was the February 1824 Indian rebellion. The Indians especially resented the poor and scapegoating treatment given them by the soldiers stationed at the Presidio, who were resentful of being unpaid by the new government. The rebellion, incited by the more warlike
1263:, was divided equally among Hope's surviving children: Rose, 16; John, 14; Teresa, 13; Anna, 10; Katie, 8; and James, 7. One clause in Hope's will stipulated that "should any of my daughters marry a worthless drunk or spendthrift, her part shall be held in trust by my beloved wife", a precaution that happily never had to be exercised.
767:, an American sailor who had been a member of Bouchard's crew but was left behind (either at Monterey or at Refugio) to become the first US-born permanent resident of Spanish California. Many years later, Chapman (who had married an Ortega daughter) also became the first US-born permanent resident of Santa Barbara.
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1172:. These new connections made possible Santa Barbara's development into the resort destination it has remained ever since. Within the city, the first electric streetcar line opened in 1896, as the demand for transportation increased. By 1900, the population had reached 6,587, doubling in twenty years.
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The oil industry moved most of its local operations offshore during the 1950s and 1960s. In 1947, offshore leases were approved by the federal government, and seismic exploration of the
Channel took place in the 1950s, even though fishermen complained that the underwater explosions were killing fish.
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to write about Santa
Barbara to draw easterners to the town, was largely responsible for the boom in the tourism industry that commenced in the 1870s, and which would eventually lead to Santa Barbara becoming a world-famous resort. He praised Santa Barbara as the "pleasantest" spot in California, and
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Another consequence of the
American takeover was the creation of the street grid, which replaced the previous haphazard jumble of dwellings and irregular paths. Its execution, the disastrously bungled survey of 1851 by Salisbury Haley, is a notorious event in local history. Haley's survey chains were
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The low death toll (13 or 14) is credited to its early hour, 6:23 a.m., before most people were in the streets at risk from falling masonry. A fire which broke out after the earthquake destroyed more of the town, but was contained by a company of U.S. Marines who had arrived immediately to help
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Wool prices skyrocketed during the Civil War, which made Hope a rich man. But he had his problems: stagecoaches bound for Gaviota Pass crossed his property daily, and farm wagons and other public traffic followed in the stage ruts, giving Hope reason to fear that continued public usage might lead to
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The Spaniards also built a chapel to the west of the Mission, in an effort to Christianize a group of Indians that lived in the Cieneguitas (swamps) area between Modoc Road and the El Sueno tract who refused to be moved to the Mission compound. Known as the Cieneguitas chapel, it took the form of an
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Tompkins, 1976, p. 76. According to Tompkins, he was murdered in November 1860 by one of his own men, after a fight over a girl. "The girl and her lover reportedly murdered Powers and dumped his corpse into a mesquite-fenced pen occupied by javalinas, or wild boars. The long-tusked swine were very
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Several catastrophic fires burned portions of Santa Barbara and the adjacent mountains in the late 20th century. In 1964, the Coyote Fire burned 67,000 acres (270 km) of backcountry along with 150 homes, blackening the mountain wall behind Santa Barbara, and briefly threatening the entire town
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spewed between 80,000 and 100,000 barrels (13,000 and 16,000 m) of oil, producing an immense oil slick which spread over hundreds of square miles of ocean in the Santa Barbara Channel, contaminating shorelines, killing wildlife, ruining the tourist industry, and appearing on television screens
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After the war ended, many people who had seen Santa Barbara during the war came back to stay. The population grew by 10,000 by 1950, in just five years. During this time the University of California took over the blufftop Marine camp, turning it into a modern university. The burst of growth brought
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worked at Flying "A" in their early careers. In 1911, before the Flying A had become the predominant studio in the area, there were 13 separate film companies working in Santa Barbara. The local film era ended in 1922, largely as a result of American's dissolution in 1921, and the remaining studios
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to Santa Barbara in August, 1912. The Santa Barbara facility became American's main studio; it covered two city blocks centered at State and Mission streets, and was at the time the largest movie studio in the world. American produced approximately 1,200 films, but only about 100 of those films are
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In that same year, 1859, Santa Barbara recorded the highest temperature ever noted on the North American continent, 133 °F (56 °C), a record which was to stand until Death Valley topped it by one degree in 1913. The U.S. Coast Survey wrote that birds dropped dead in midair, cattle died in
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The 1850s was a tumultuous and violent period. Life in the town was disrupted by rowdy Americans recently returned from the gold camps in the Sierra foothills, and gangs of toughs and highwaymen. Some of these lawless newcomers targeted the local Spanish population, causing violent racial incidents
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as a city and formed an official town council. The appearance of the town began to change as well. Settlers from the east wanted dwellings made from wood rather than the sensible adobe built by the Spanish and Mexican residents; to build them, they needed to import wood from distant Oregon, as the
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completely destroyed the first Mission along with most of Santa Barbara. With an estimated magnitude of 7.2, and a hypothesized epicenter near Santa Cruz Island, the quake also produced a tsunami which carried water all the way to modern-day Anapamu Street, and carried a ship a half-mile up Refugio
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Schmitt, R. J., Dugan, J. E., and M. R. Adamson. "Industrial Activity and Its Socioeconomic Impacts: Oil and Three Coastal California Counties." MMS OCS Study 2002-049. Coastal Research Center, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California. MMS Cooperative Agreement
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maintain order. The earthquake, coinciding with the movement for architectural reform, is credited with giving the town its unified Spanish character; during the rebuilding, Hoffman and Chase pushed for new structures to be in a Spanish style. The most famous of these was the Spanish-Moorish style
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Later, Hope donated a 100-foot-wide highway from his ranch to the intersection of Turnpike Road, which evolved into modern Hollister Avenue as far west as Ellwood Canyon. Hope also deeded a pie-shaped piece of land, east of today's Juvenile Hall, for use as a Catholic cemetery. Most of the burials
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Change came quickly after the end of the war. Gold was found at Sutter's Mill in the Sierra foothills, and hordes of gold-seekers flooded into California from the eastern United States and other places to become rich. Few did, but Santa Barbara began to attract settlers as newcomers discovered the
528:, who accompanied the expedition, named "Laguna de la Concepcion". VizcaĂno's earlier name, however, is the one that has survived. The next night, August 19, the expedition moved a short way to a camp by a creek, probably Mission Creek, but not as far up as where the mission was later established.
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By the mid-1970s, forces opposing uncontrolled growth had become stronger than those favoring development. On April 8, 1975, the City Council passed a resolution to limit the city's population to 85,000 through zoning. In order to limit growth in adjacent areas, such as Goleta, it was standard to
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built a railroad across Hope Ranch, entering from the flats now occupied by La Cumbre Junior High, veering south of Laguna Blanca to traverse the hillsides along what is now Vieja Drive, and exiting Hope Ranch toward More Mesa at Puente Drive. The line, part of Southern Pacific's Coast Route from
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wind, an event which has not occurred since. In the immediately following years, two other weather events had a significant effect on the course of development in Santa Barbara: catastrophic floods during the winter of 1861–62, during which the Goleta Slough, formerly open to deep-water vessels,
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Cattle ranching rapidly expanded, becoming the predominant land use; horsemanship and cattle ownership became the symbols of status, and the society developed quasi-feudal characteristics, in which the largest ranches were almost entirely self-sufficient. The Chumash who previously had served the
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The incident frightened De la Guerra so much that he petitioned the viceroy to rush military reinforcements to bolster the defense of Santa Barbara. The so-called "Mazatlan Volunteers", 45 calvalrymen led by a man named Narciso Fabrigat, were assigned to De la Guerra's garrison. Fabrigat became a
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government, which was, along with Mexico, attempting to throw off Spanish rule. Bouchard, who was given the task of destroying as many Spanish assets as possible, and in particular the ports in the Americas, possessed two well-armed frigates, which had sufficient armament and crews to destroy any
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Building the Mission itself continued throughout the rest of the century, along with the work of converting the Indians to Christianity, a task which proved difficult: according to the Mission registers, by 1805, only 185 of the more than 500 Indians in Santa Barbara had been baptized. The burial
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Many of the soldiers who came to build and garrison the Presidio had brought their families with them, and after their terms of service ended settled in Santa Barbara. They built their adobes near the Presidio, arranged haphazardly; a Boston journalist described the scatter of these buildings "as
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When voters approved connection to state water supplies in 1991, parts of the city, especially outlying areas, resumed growth, but more slowly than during the boom period of the 1950s and 1960s. While the slow growth preserved the quality of life for most residents and prevented the urban sprawl
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on the other side of Santa Barbara, and development of this new and rich pool was fast: the peak production in 1930, only two years later, was 14.6 million barrels (2,320,000 m) of oil. As at the Summerland Oil Field, derricks went along piers into the ocean, and the cliffs were dotted with
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anchored a warship in Santa Barbara harbor and deployed a contingent of ten Marines to occupy the town. They proceeded to the Presidio where they ran the Stars and Stripes over the city for the first time; not long afterwards, seeing the town was peaceful, they left, being replaced later by ten
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In 1869, the first coeducational preparatory school in southern California, Santa Barbara College, opened at State and Anapamu Streets. Improvements in the harbor included the building of Stearns Wharf in 1872, which increased the commercial capacity of the port; formerly, ships had to anchor
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of the Presidio, granted his request, but Bouchard did not realize that he had been tricked. The town was not as heavily defended as it had seemed to be; the hundreds of cavalrymen Bouchard had seen through his spyglass were but the same few dozen riding in large circles, stopping and changing
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course in California for trotters and pacers was laid out by him near Laguna Blanca, and the first hurdle racing in the State took place on a course encircling the lake. Here Hope raced Honest John, Harry Lazarus, and Selin, three of the most celebrated racehorses of their time. In 1875, Hope
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completely silted up, becoming the marsh it remains to the present day; and the disastrous drought of 1863, which forever ended the Rancho era as the value of rangeland collapsed, cattle died or were sold off, and the large ranches were broken down and sold in smaller parcels for development.
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was discovered within the city limits. Centered just south of Cliff Drive near the intersection with Santa Cruz Boulevard, the field sprouted over 100 oil derricks in the early 1930s, occasioning the city's first anti-oil protest, but a local ordinance had already been enacted allowing such
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Portola's expedition encountered large numbers of exceptionally friendly natives, many of whom lived in Syuxtun, a village just in back of the beach between present-day Chapala and Bath streets. Indeed, the natives – which the Spaniards dubbed the Canaliños for the "canoes" (actually
1395:, occurred on June 29, 1925, converting much of the town to heaps of rubble. While the quake's epicenter was centered on an undetermined fault offshore, most of the damage came about due to two strong aftershocks which occurred onshore and five minutes apart. The intensity on the
536:) they used so skillfully – so irritated their guests with gifts and boisterous music that Portola changed the location of his camp on August 19 so the party could get some rest. On Sunday, August 20, they held the first Catholic mass in Santa Barbara history, at Arroyo Burro near
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storage tanks. Some of this development remains to the present day, with one active wastewater disposal well and several large storage tanks adjacent to the Ellwood Open Space. In 1929, as part of the wild burst of oil-drilling activity following on the Ellwood discovery, the
848:) was appointed, supplemented by other civilian officials. The Mexican government opened Alta California to trade with the United States, Great Britain and other foreign countries, and exports became important to the local economy. Principal export commodities were tallow and
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in 1843 to Narciso Fabrigat, the former leader of the Mazatlan volunteers sent after the Bouchard raid. It included a freshwater lake which the Chumash called Chaco, or "lake without a mouth", but which the Spaniards called Laguna Blanca, the White Lake. In 1846, Governor
824:. In Santa Barbara, the Indians seized control of the buildings of the Mission complex, but immediately the buildings were surrounded by Presidio soldiers, since the Presidio was little more than a mile away. Overnight the Indians were able to make a getaway north into
1485:. Although the gunners were terrible marksmen, and only caused about $ 500 damage to a catwalk, panic was immediate. Many Santa Barbara residents fled, and land values plummeted to historic lows. Only one week after the attack, on March 2, military authorities issued
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granted the Yankee captain Thomas R. Robbins a contiguous parcel of equal size, extending as far eastward as Arroyo Burro, which was labeled Rancho Las Positas after the small ponds around Veronica Springs (now Arroyo Burro Open Space). Robbins was later also granted
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though fired from a blunderbuss." Most of Santa Barbara's old families are descended from these early settlers, and many of their names linger in the street and place names, such as Cota, De la Guerra, Gutierriez, Carrillo, and Ortega. Among these early settlers was
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boom town; a town supporting a military base and hospital during World War II; and finally it became the economically diverse resort destination it remains in the present day. Twice destroyed by earthquakes, in 1812 and 1925, it was rebuilt after the second one in a
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at the "Battle of Arroyo Burro" in 1853, in which he intimidated and drove away a posse of approximately 200 citizens, was one of the most dramatic incidents of the period. Powers was not thrown out of town until a band of angry and well-armed vigilantes from
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Canyon. Following the devastating earthquake, the Mission padres decided to build a larger and more elaborate Mission complex, which is the one that survives to the present day. The Franciscans began a search for material in 1815, obtaining limestone from a
990:, resisting the calls to surrender by their pursuers. When the Mexican force set fire to the chaparral, the Americans clambered over the mountain ridge overnight, escaping north and eventually reaching Monterey, where they joined forces again with Frémont.
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neighborhood, Hope Ranch Annex, and later the Goleta Valley. As a result, the citrus groves which formerly stood in the region were cut down and replaced by housing and commercial districts. Regional shopping centers such as Loreto Plaza, Five Points, and
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Saugus to San Francisco, was surveyed by the engineer Walter Storey and was very crooked because a near-level grade had to be maintained. The railroad was realigned to bypass Hope Ranch in 1901 when the Coast Line was completed after a 14-year delay.
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Hope died unexpectedly before the mansion was finished, on January 11, 1876, of a digestive disorder variously diagnosed as food poisoning or stomach cancer. He bequeathed the western half of his property to his widow; the eastern half, extending to
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several miles offshore, and load and unload their cargoes by rowing small boats to the shore. In that same year, Jose Lobero built an opera house (at the current site of the Lobero Theatre), State Street was paved, and gas lamps were lit downtown.
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During this period, the city continued to grow, and at an even faster pace. By 1920, the population had reached 19,441, tripling in twenty years. The completion of the water tunnel under the mountains to newly completed Gibraltar Reservoir on the
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The first of the huge black fifteen-story oil platforms, a feature of the seascape south of Santa Barbara for fifty years, went up in 1958. During the period, Stearns Wharf was the main connection for oil services going out to the platforms.
1411:, who later changed his mind, saying that his former opposition was due to his belief that such compulsion infringed on the constitutional rights of property owners. Storke in 1932 created the city's main newspaper for the next 74 years, the
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on Santa Barbara Street, which was briefly the location of the capitol of California during the Mexican War – survive to the present day. By the mid-1840s the Mexican period, the population of Santa Barbara had reached approximately 2,500.
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passed through in 1769, and spent the night of August 18 in the area of today's lower Laguna Street, where at that time there was a freshwater pond (Spanish: laguna). There was a large native town nearby, which Franciscan missionary
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deny water meters to developments which had been approved by the County Board of Supervisors, effectively shutting off growth. The city and immediately adjacent areas stopped their fast growth, but housing prices rose sharply.
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Santa Barbara's Lobero Theatre, from Canon Perdido Street. The theatre opened in 1924, the year before the large earthquake, but survived. It is an example of the Spanish Colonial architectural style which began to be promoted
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worldwide. The anti-oil group "GOO" (Get Oil Out) formed shortly after the spill, and oil drilling has been a sensitive issue in the area ever since. Wider consequences of the spill included the 1970 passage of both the
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development. The field's failure in the late 1930s—it proved to be smaller than initially thought—allowed residential development to continue on the Mesa, although the field was not formally abandoned until 1976.
1125:. The war itself had little effect on Santa Barbara. One troop of cavalry organized to join the Union cause, but never saw action against Confederate forces; they served briefly and bloodlessly in Arizona versus
599:, one of several military outposts meant to protect Alta California against foreign interests and to protect the missions against attacks by hostile natives. The Presidio was not completed until 1792, and Father
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to Boston to the candle- and shoe-making factories in New England, in return for goods purchased by the locals. One of the most famous English-language descriptions of Santa Barbara from this period is by
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of Montecito. In 1977, the smaller but more destructive Sycamore Fire roared down Sycamore Canyon on the northeast fringe of Santa Barbara, destroying over 200 homes. Most destructive of all was the 1990
1306:—and its agents had long coveted Thomas Hope's land, envisioning it as the ideal site for a tourist resort. In the decades to follow, Hope Ranch would be intensively developed into its present form.
1211:, died in 1860, and his widow was incapable of managing the 6,000 acre ranch. Seizing the opportunity, a man named Thomas W. Hope borrowed $ 8,000 from fellow Irishman Nicolas A. Den, owner of
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complete with a tile roof and two bells donated by the King of Spain, and stood from 1803 until the 1890s on a ridge opposite Cuna Drive at what is now 4308 Modoc Road, at the northern edge of
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which had assembled to defend that city. On January 3 Frémont headed south, skirting the cliffs of the Rincon at low tide (no road existed then), arriving in Los Angeles ten days later. The
832:. After a battle near San Emigdio Creek in March, and a subsequent three-month pursuit and negotiation, the Indians were recaptured near Buena Vista Lake, and brought back to Santa Barbara.
1473:. On February 23, 1942, not long after the outbreak of war in the Pacific, a Japanese submarine emerged from the ocean and lobbed about 25 shells at the Ellwood Oil Field facilities in its
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off West Beach and received permission for his seacook to chop stovewood from the Mesa oak groves, and refill his water tanks from a seep at the base of the Mesa bluffs near Pershing Park.
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was found and began to be developed. Summerland was the site of the world's first offshore oil well. While most of the oil had been pumped out by 1910, derricks remained on the beach in
360:, begins approximately 13,000 years ago with the arrival of the first Native Americans. The Spanish came in the 18th century to occupy and Christianize the area, which became part of
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of Hollywood legend, but likely a composite of several different bandits) preyed on travelers on the roadways, and even on citizens in town. The confrontation with the gang led by
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the fields, and fruit dropped, scorched, from trees; the town's inhabitants fled to the safety of their adobe buildings, which insulated them from the freak superheated northwest
1088:). His downfall coincided with the return of law and order after a period in which Santa Barbara was the rowdiest and most dangerous town between Los Angeles and San Francisco.
1168:. Santa Barbara was finally accessible both by land and sea. The day that the first train arrived from San Francisco was also the last day that the stagecoach bumped over dusty
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was raging in the lavabeds of the Oregon border that summer, locals began referring to the disputed thoroughfare as "the Modoc Road", giving it the name it bears to this day.
1407:, completed in 1929, "the loveliest in the United States." One of the few voices opposing the unification of architectural style was newspaper publisher and future Senator
1191:, and was used as a roof sealant during the building of the Mission, its value as a fuel did not become widely known until the late 19th century. In the 1890s, the large
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particularly delightful for those suffering health ills; his book resulted in steamships full of travelers, many of whom came to stay. The luxurious and instantly famous
688:(kiln), the ruins of which lie at the foot of the slope south of 1161 Las Palmas Drive. While the church was ready in 1820, the bell towers were not finished until 1833.
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World War II brought sweeping change to the Santa Barbara area. The U.S. Marines took up residence on the high ground adjacent to Goleta Point, current location of the
1251:, to build a $ 10,000 Victorian home at what is now 399 Nogal Drive. It is constructed of heart of redwood lumber, impossible to obtain today, and was listed on the
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known to survive today. Many of the studio's films were westerns, but they also produced a wide variety of dramas and comedies based upon contemporary urban life.
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in California history, a period which overlapped the end of the Mexican era. Lands formerly owned by the Church were parceled out in land grants to applicants; the
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The population center of Santa Barbara moved west during the period, with the buildout of the region west of the De La Vina/State intersection, including the
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Another change that accompanied the transformation of Santa Barbara from a small village to a significant town was the founding of the first newspaper, the
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Some of the changes that occurred involved administration, communications, construction, urban layout, and transportation. On April 9, 1850, Santa Barbara
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rode to Santa Barbara to get rid of him (he eventually came to a bloody end, murdered and hurled into a den of hungry wild boars in the Mexican state of
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costumes each time they passed behind a patch of heavy brush. Although Bouchard had recently destroyed Monterey, he departed without attacking the town.
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relieved the water shortages for a time. Also during the teens, a movement for city beautification commenced, led by Bernhard Hoffmann and later by
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came and chased them out. The outnumbered cavalrymen, rather than surrender, fled on foot up into Mission Canyon, and fortified a rocky ridge below
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owners, with most of the Indians becoming Mexican citizens. This had a dramatic effect on the economy and culture, commencing what is called the
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campus. The military filled in the Goleta Slough in order to expand the adjacent airport; the U.S. Navy took over the harbor area; and north of
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The Presidio fell into disrepair after 1848. This photograph shows a portion of the Santa Barbara Presidio converted to a residence around 1880.
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Mission Santa Barbara as it was in 2005. It was rebuilt after the 1812 earthquake, and the towers were repaired again after the 1925 earthquake.
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619:, who was an important figure in the Portola expedition and became the recipient of the only Spanish-era land grant in Santa Barbara County,
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awarded over 800 separate land grants before the end of Mexican control in 1847. Many local place names derive from these grants, including
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Santa Barbara Presidio in 2005. Begun in 1782, The Presidio was the last military outpost built by Spain anywhere in the Western Hemisphere.
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west of the Goleta Valley, and in 1861 purchased the entire Las Positas y Calera rancho from Senora Robbins. It was henceforth known as
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The discovery of oil changed the local economy as well as the landscape. While the black gooey stuff had long been known from natural
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Tompkins, 1975, p. 50. See also this article that goes into more detail, including the credibility of the measurement: Neal Graffy, "
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In 1859, Richard Henry Dana returned, 24 years after his first visit as a 20-year-old sailor, and described the changes in the town:
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672:. When the first adobe mission was wrecked by the 1812 earthquake, this chapel was the only house of worship left to the friars.
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as an escape hatch through which they sent the church treasures and evacuated the pueblo's women and children to the asylum of
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local oak trees were not suitable for lumber. This was one of several pressures that resulted in the development of the port.
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and then over the mountains, where they eventually linked up with other unsubdued groups of Native Americans in the southern
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developed during this period. Between 1960 and 1970, the population of the Goleta Valley rose from only 19,016 to 60,184.
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611:(December 4, 1786). He chose for his building site the location of a Chumash village on Mission Creek named Tay-nay-án.
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The most destructive earthquake in Santa Barbara history, and the first destructive earthquake in California since the
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and fortify it against perceived threats from other encroaching European colonial powers – principally the early
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The most serious military threat to Santa Barbara during the Spanish period was not by a colonial power, but by
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The end of the Mexican period came quickly for Santa Barbara, but without bloodshed, during the United States'
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1561:, which began in 1974, is the city's largest single-day tourist event, commonly drawing over 100,000 visitors.
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684:(quarry) at 1450 Cantera Avenue in present-day Hope Ranch, mixing it with seashells, and baking it in a brick
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1521:, one of the formative events in the modern environmental movement. A blowout on an offshore oil well at the
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During the Mexican period, civilian government replaced military and mission control for the first time. An
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in gratitude for having survived a violent storm in the Channel on December 3, the eve of the feast day of
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during the entire war, and the first naval attack on U.S. soil by an enemy power on such target since the
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Bouchard's raiders landed first at Refugio Canyon on December 5, 1818, where they pillaged and burned the
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The first Europeans to see the area were members of a Spanish expedition led by the Portuguese explorer
414:
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The Santa Barbara County Courthouse, one of the city's main tourist attractions, was completed in 1929.
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Portola himself, however, did not stay, and it was not until 1782 that a force of soldiers, led by Don
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times the Chumash had many villages along the shores and inland, at least one of which, on present-day
1612:. HarborTown Histories, Santa Barbara. 2003. ISBN (print) 0-9710984-1-7, (e-version) 978-0-9879038-1-5
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The isolation of Santa Barbara ended in stages. The building of Stearns Wharf allowed easy access by
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and their ancestors for at least 13,000 years. The oldest human skeleton yet found in North America,
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and sumps. In 1959, Santa Barbara Junior College was moved to its present Mesa location and renamed
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civilian when Mexico overthrew Spanish rule in 1822, and in 1843, he was awarded the 3,232 acres of
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376:. Santa Barbara transformed then from a small cluster of adobes into successively a rowdy, lawless
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1534:, laws which require assessment of potential environmental impacts of projects before they begin.
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Santa Barbara police officers working as extras during filming of a 1915 Flying A movie production
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was determined to be VIII for the coast from Goleta, through Santa Barbara, and to Carpinteria.
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760:. When the street grid was created, Voluntario Street was named after his group of volunteers.
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Graham, Otis L.; Bauman, Robert; Dodd, Douglas W.; Geraci, Victor W.; Murray, Fermina Brel.
1415:, by winning a libel suit against his rival Reginald Fernald, and absorbing that publisher's
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Santa Barbara was an important part of the U.S. silent film industry from 1910 to 1922. The
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944:, which encompasses the present-day Hope Ranch, Hidden Valley, and Campanil neighborhoods.
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acquired the town along with the rest of California as a result of defeating Mexico in the
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at the Missions was completed, and the lands and property were given to soldiers, leading
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1925 earthquake. View of the collapsed San Marcos building, at Anapamu and State streets
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In 1822 the Spanish rule ended and their flag came down forever, with their loss in the
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When Santa Barbara faced Bouchard's attack, the mission friars, on orders from Governor
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489:. Later, on the return voyage, Cabrillo injured his leg during a fight with natives on
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Making the relationship between Santa Barbara and the oil industry even worse was the
973:, which had broken out in May 1846 over the annexation of Texas. In August, Commodore
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369:
2372:
Santa Barbara County Energy Division: history of oil and gas in Santa Barbara County
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or Mescalitan Island – the exact burial place of Cabrillo has long been a mystery.
436:, living from the region's abundant natural resources, and navigating the ocean in
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for $ 200,000 in gold. The company was founded in 1878 by the Southern Pacific's "
485:, who sailed through the Channel in 1542, and anchored briefly in the vicinity of
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1746:
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1633:
Graduate Program in Public Historical Studies, University of California, 1994.
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1013:, signed a year later, Santa Barbara formally became part of the United States.
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Fire, which incinerated over 500 homes in just several hours during an intense
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Thomas Hope never learned to read or write, but he lived affluently. The first
982:'s army. However, a contingent of a hundred Mexican cavalrymen sent by General
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were transferred to Calvary Cemetery on Hope Avenue starting in 1912, but the
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385:
432:, had over a thousand inhabitants in the 16th century. They were peaceful
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861:, who wrote of the town as a desolate place, at the ends of the earth, in
779:
Mission Santa Barbara in 1856; view from the northeast, with the hills of
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1763:"Chumash Placenames, at the website of the Santa Barbara History Museum"
1199:
into the 1920s, and the field remained partially productive until 1940.
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763:
A more lasting effect of Bouchard's California raid was the arrival of
1157:, built in 1874 (and destroyed by fire in 1909), housed many of them.
1748:
Fray Juan Crespi: Missionary Explorer on the Pacific Coast, 1769–1774
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The town continued to grow, and slowly ended its isolation after the
1101:
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1009:, signed on January 13, 1847, ended the war in California. After the
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lightly defended towns they encountered. He had done exactly that to
361:
504:
gave the name "Santa Barbara" to the channel and also to one of the
997:
for Santa Barbara was Frémont's return, over the surprise route of
421:, approximately 30 miles (48 km) from downtown Santa Barbara.
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first attack on a land target within the continental United States
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437:
645:, the British explorer who was circumnavigating the globe on the
405:, both the mainland including present day Santa Barbara, and the
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1183:, the location of the world's first offshore oil well, c. 1915
1958:"UCSB Geography department outlines of Santa Barbara history"
1022:
Gold rush settlers, incorporation, street grid, and newspaper
2323:
Black tide: the Santa Barbara oil spill and its consequences
922:, named after the mission limekiln, was granted by governor
440:, craft closely related to those used by Polynesians. Their
1282:
Also in 1887, Delia Hope sold her half of the ranch to the
907:(the only Spanish-era land grant in Santa Barbara County),
567:
to Christianity and turn them into loyal Spanish colonists.
464:
group. As Europeans settled in their homelands the Chumash
2494:
Los Angeles Times article on Santa Barbara growth policies
940:, bought Rancho Las Positas from him to form the combined
579:
Presidio, Mission, Cieneguitas chapel, and 1812 earthquake
1331:, founded in Chicago in 1910, formally moved its western
559:. In addition, missions established by Franciscans under
2205:
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2193:
2191:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1631:
Stearns Wharf: Surviving Change on the California Coast.
623:, in 1794. This rancho would be the namesake for modern
2522:
1794:
1792:
1550:, and causing over a quarter billion dollars in damage.
1469:
the Army created Camp Cooke, which was later to become
2325:. New York, New York: Delacorte Press. pp. 90–91.
2512:, the journal of the Santa Barbara Historical Society
1592:
Category: Ranchos of Santa Barbara County, California
1357:
moved south, needing the resources of a larger city.
380:
era town; a Victorian-era health resort; a center of
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1207:Meanwhile, further west, Thomas Robbins, who owned
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2095:June 17th: Santa Barbara's Hottest Day in History
1247:commissioned Santa Barbara's premier architect,
493:and died from gangrene. He was buried either on
2127:
2125:
1751:. HathiTrust Digital Library. pp. 164–166.
1093:
869:
547:was the beginning of Spanish efforts to occupy
2391:"Santa Barbara County Fire Department history"
1989:
1987:
1661:. McNally & Loftin, Santa Barbara. 1983.
2555:
2523:Santa Barbara Trust for Historic Preservation
2311:Number 14-35-01-00-CA-31603. 244 pages; p. 9.
337:
8:
1017:U.S. annexation; Gold Rush; Haley; Civil War
808:, inland relations of the Chumash, began at
3653:History of Santa Barbara County, California
1597:List of mayors of Santa Barbara, California
1219:. Hope had emigrated as a teenage boy from
2578:
2562:
2548:
2540:
1647:. Tecolote Books, Santa Barbara, CA, 1975.
1058:Lawlessness, high temperature, and drought
836:Civilian government and rancho land grants
713:, shortly before coming to Santa Barbara.
344:
330:
17:
1858:Los Angeles Times article on 1812 tsunami
1654:Sandollar Press, Santa Barbara, CA, 1976.
1610:Santa Barbara, Another HarborTown History
1315:Silent film industry and continued growth
677:largest earthquakes in California history
409:, has been continuously inhabited by the
1675:. Santa Barbara Board of Realtors, 1989.
1174:
1140:Santa Barbara's Arlington Hotel, c. 1875
1048:
796:. Santa Barbara, along with the rest of
774:
627:, and Ortega would be remembered as the
2452:"History of the Summer Solstice Parade"
1684:
1617:Silent-Era Filmmaking in Santa Barbara.
1463:University of California, Santa Barbara
1268:Southern Pacific Transportation Company
477:First encounters and Portola expedition
454:Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
288:
255:
160:
102:
51:
31:
20:
700:, a French privateer working for the
7:
3643:History of Santa Barbara, California
1546:event, crossing over the freeway to
1532:California Environmental Quality Act
1253:National Register of Historic Places
800:, became a territory of independent
718:ranch belonging to the Ortega family
456:. The Santa Barbara bands spoke the
358:history of Santa Barbara, California
3663:Pre-statehood history of California
2528:Ranchos of Santa Barbara County Map
1329:American Film Manufacturing Company
500:In 1602, Spanish maritime explorer
1310:Early 20th century to World War II
844:(roughly equivalent to a "strong"
298:Bibliography of California history
14:
3658:Histories of cities in California
2611:Genocide of indigenous population
1652:It Happened in Old Santa Barbara.
1528:National Environmental Policy Act
675:On December 21, 1812, one of the
621:Rancho Nuestra Señora del Refugio
2655:Interim government of California
2427:"SB Wildfires-Painted Cave Fire"
1239:still owns Hope's donated land.
954:Santa Barbara Historical Society
883:, and occasionally the original
852:, both of which were carried by
313:
43:
2264:Severe Earthquake Catalog: UCSB
1730:. Berkeley: UC Press. pp.
1645:Santa Barbara, Past and Present
1237:Catholic Diocese of Los Angeles
1117:View of Santa Barbara, ca. 1875
893:Mexican governors of California
1523:Dos Cuadras Offshore Oil Field
1440:In 1928, oil was found at the
1209:Rancho Las Positas y La Calera
942:Rancho Las Positas y La Calera
822:Mission La PurĂsima ConcepciĂłn
1:
2321:Easton, Robert Olney (1972).
1393:1906 San Francisco earthquake
1379:1925 Santa Barbara earthquake
1266:A decade later, in 1887, the
993:The culminating event of the
1659:Santa Barbara History Makers
1519:disaster of January 28, 1969
2283:Tompkins, 1983, pp. 407–413
2149:Tompkins, 1976, pp. 129–130
1745:Bolton, Herbert E. (1927).
1673:Santa Barbara Neighborhoods
1619:Arcadia Publishing. 2007.
1427:Oil fields and World War II
1284:Pacific Improvement Company
1011:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
794:Mexican War of Independence
722:José de la Guerra y Noriega
444:work can be seen in nearby
366:Mexican War of Independence
303:Bibliography of Los Angeles
65:Province of Las Californias
3679:
2362:Tompkins, 1975, p. 113-114
2084:Tompkins, 1983, p. 103-105
1508:Santa Barbara City College
1376:
448:, and their sophisticated
3648:Santa Barbara, California
2577:
2029:Tompkins, 1976, pp. 85–87
1487:Public Proclamation No. 1
1471:Vandenberg Air Force Base
1150:Southern Pacific Railroad
864:Two Years Before the Mast
816:on the other side of the
631:(captain) in the name of
597:Presidio of Santa Barbara
368:. In 1848, the expanding
2353:Graham, et al. pp. 72–75
2218:Tompkins 1989, p. 137–8.
2176:Tompkins 1989, p. 135-6.
2075:Tompkins, 1975, p. 46-48
1938:Tompkins, 1975, p. 22-24
1893:Tompkins, 1975, p. 16-17
1875:Tompkins, 1975, p. 13-14
1722:Gudde, Erwin G. (1969).
1304:Collis Potter Huntington
952:, on the grounds of the
820:, and quickly spread to
756:by the Mexican governor
2571:History of California
1902:Tompkins, 1989, p. 122.
1397:Modified Mercalli scale
875:By 1833 the process of
483:Juan RodrĂguez Cabrillo
401:The lands flanking the
2650:Conquest of California
2484:Tompkins, 1975, p. 115
2301:Tompkins, 1975, p. 102
2245:Tompkins, 1976, p. 258
2209:Tompkins 1989, p. 137.
2197:Tompkins 1989, p. 136.
2020:Tompkins, 1983, p. 113
1920:Tompkins, 1989, p. 75.
1911:Tompkins 1989, p. 135.
1848:Tompkins 1989, p. 110.
1834:Tompkins, 1983, p. 114
1825:Tompkins, 1983, p. 111
1798:Tompkins 1989, p. 134.
1726:California Place Names
1712:Tompkins, 1975, p. 1–3
1562:
1559:Summer Solstice Parade
1479:bombardment of Orleans
1458:
1437:
1388:
1324:
1279:
1184:
1141:
1118:
1097:
1054:
967:conquest of California
873:
859:Richard Henry Dana Jr.
784:
781:Hope Ranch, California
633:El Capitán State Beach
588:
575:
557:Russian-Pacific Empire
80:Conquest of California
2811:Santa Catalina Island
2783:Territorial evolution
2185:Tompkins 1989, p. 136
2011:Graham et al., p. 4-6
1981:Tompkins, 1975, p. 30
1947:Tompkins 1989, p. 135
1884:Tompkins 1989, p. 134
1816:Tompkins, 1975, p. 11
1650:Tompkins, Walker A.
1643:Tompkins, Walker A.
1615:Birchard, Robert S.
1556:
1456:
1434:
1386:
1322:
1278:Santa Barbara in 1902
1277:
1178:
1139:
1116:
1052:
1044:Santa Barbara Gazette
778:
734:Pablo Vicente de Solá
617:José Francisco Ortega
605:Mission Santa Barbara
603:dedicated the nearby
586:
573:
491:Santa Catalina Island
415:Arlington Springs Man
403:Santa Barbara Channel
320:California portal
275:Santa Catalina Island
2633:Mexican–American War
2618:Spanish colonization
2066:hungry at the time."
1807:Tompkins, 1975, p. 8
1786:Tompkins, 1975, p. 7
1703:Tompkins, 1976, p. 4
1671:Tompkins, Walker A.
1657:Tompkins, Walker A.
1193:Summerland Oil Field
1181:Summerland Oil Field
995:Mexican–American War
971:Mexican–American War
961:Mexican–American War
918:One of the ranches,
818:Santa Ynez Mountains
647:Vancouver Expedition
607:on the feast day of
446:Chumash Painted Cave
374:Mexican–American War
90:California Gold Rush
2836:San Fernando Valley
2806:San Fernando Valley
2645:California Republic
2099:Edhat Santa Barbara
1337:La Mesa, California
924:Manuel Micheltorena
854:California clippers
812:, near present-day
765:Joseph John Chapman
758:Manuel Micheltorena
625:Refugio State Beach
565:convert the natives
466:population declined
462:Chumashan languages
417:, was unearthed on
397:Pre-contact history
270:San Fernando Valley
85:Interim governments
75:California Republic
2660:United States rule
2606:Later explorations
2601:First explorations
2591:Native Californian
2533:2010-02-20 at the
2377:2011-05-27 at the
1863:2012-09-17 at the
1563:
1497:After World War II
1459:
1438:
1389:
1325:
1280:
1261:Arroyo Burro Beach
1213:Rancho Dos Pueblos
1185:
1148:, commissioned by
1142:
1123:American Civil War
1119:
1067:. Outlaws such as
1055:
1007:Treaty of Cahuenga
975:Robert F. Stockton
830:San Joaquin Valley
810:Mission Santa Inés
785:
742:Mission Santa Inés
698:Hippolyte Bouchard
595:came to build the
589:
576:
545:Portolá expedition
502:Sebastián VizcaĂno
458:Barbareño language
3630:
3629:
2824:
2823:
2705:Industrial growth
2415:Los Angeles Times
1692:Los Angeles Times
1442:Ellwood Oil Field
1405:County Courthouse
1179:A picture of the
984:JosĂ© MarĂa Flores
950:Covarrubias Adobe
709:, the capital of
641:In 1793, Captain
563:were intended to
521:Gaspar de PortolĂ
495:San Miguel Island
430:Mescalitan Island
419:Santa Rosa Island
354:
353:
3670:
3292:Rancho Cucamonga
3267:Huntington Beach
2720:Legal revolution
2628:California Trail
2579:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2541:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2476:
2475:Tompkins, p. 112
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2454:. Archived from
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2429:. Archived from
2423:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2393:. Archived from
2387:
2381:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2345:
2344:Baker, pp. 86–89
2342:
2336:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2318:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2237:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2198:
2195:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2141:
2140:Baker, pp. 56–57
2138:
2132:
2129:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2110:Baker, pp. 46–47
2108:
2102:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1960:. Archived from
1954:
1948:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1835:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1765:. Archived from
1759:
1753:
1752:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1467:Point Conception
1363:Santa Ynez River
1333:Flying A Studios
1300:Mark Hopkins Jr.
1146:Charles Nordhoff
1109:Victorian period
1069:Joaquin Murrieta
978:cavalrymen from
920:Rancho La Calera
788:Indian rebellion
754:Rancho La Calera
643:George Vancouver
538:Veronica Springs
434:hunter-gatherers
391:Spanish Colonial
346:
339:
332:
318:
317:
316:
47:
36:
18:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3512:San Luis Obispo
3143:
3049:San Luis Obispo
2840:
2820:
2787:
2734:
2710:Postwar culture
2676:
2573:
2568:
2535:Wayback Machine
2519:
2504:
2502:Further reading
2499:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2461:
2459:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2436:
2434:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2409:
2400:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2379:Wayback Machine
2370:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2258:
2254:Baker, p. 77-78
2253:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2236:Birchard, p. 49
2235:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2201:
2196:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2123:
2119:Baker, p. 45-46
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2101:, 17 June 2021.
2092:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:Baker, p. 34-35
2046:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1929:Baker, p. 21-22
1928:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1865:Wayback Machine
1856:
1852:
1847:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1772:
1770:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1608:Baker, Gayle.
1605:
1588:
1572:La Cumbre Plaza
1504:abandoned wells
1499:
1429:
1381:
1375:
1373:1925 earthquake
1346:Lon Chaney, Sr.
1317:
1312:
1296:Charles Crocker
1292:Leland Stanford
1249:Peter J. Barber
1205:
1170:San Marcos Pass
1155:Arlington Hotel
1111:
1082:San Luis Obispo
1060:
1024:
1019:
999:San Marcos Pass
980:John C. Frémont
963:
938:Carrillo family
934:Catalina Island
885:Native American
838:
798:Alta California
790:
773:
744:in present-day
738:San Marcos Pass
711:Alta California
694:
581:
549:Alta California
506:Channel Islands
479:
474:
460:dialect of the
424:In more recent
407:Channel Islands
399:
384:production; an
350:
314:
312:
307:
284:
251:
156:
70:Alta California
42:
34:
27:
12:
11:
5:
3676:
3674:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3635:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3237:San Bernardino
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3029:San Bernardino
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2587:
2585:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2525:
2518:
2517:External links
2515:
2514:
2513:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2486:
2477:
2468:
2443:
2418:
2407:
2382:
2364:
2355:
2346:
2337:
2328:
2313:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2121:
2112:
2103:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1983:
1974:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1850:
1836:
1827:
1818:
1809:
1800:
1788:
1779:
1754:
1737:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1627:
1613:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1587:
1584:
1544:Sundowner wind
1498:
1495:
1447:Mesa Oil Field
1428:
1425:
1377:Main article:
1374:
1371:
1354:Victor Fleming
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1204:
1201:
1110:
1107:
1059:
1056:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
988:La Cumbre Peak
962:
959:
877:secularization
837:
834:
826:Mission Canyon
789:
786:
772:
771:Mexican period
769:
693:
692:Bouchard raids
690:
593:Felipe de Neve
580:
577:
561:JunĂpero Serra
553:British Empire
478:
475:
473:
472:Spanish period
470:
450:basket weaving
411:Chumash people
398:
395:
364:following the
352:
351:
349:
348:
341:
334:
326:
323:
322:
309:
308:
306:
305:
300:
294:
291:
290:
289:Bibliographies
286:
285:
283:
282:
277:
272:
267:
261:
258:
257:
253:
252:
250:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
217:San Bernardino
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
168:
165:
164:
158:
157:
155:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
108:
105:
104:
100:
99:
98:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
54:
53:
49:
48:
39:
38:
29:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3675:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:Crescent City
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3457:Santa Barbara
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3367:Thousand Oaks
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3272:Santa Clarita
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3257:Moreno Valley
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3172:San Francisco
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3059:Santa Barbara
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3039:San Francisco
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2553:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2490:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2458:on 2009-05-14
2457:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2433:on 2009-09-03
2432:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2411:
2408:
2397:on 2012-07-20
2396:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2368:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2317:
2314:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2292:DOGGR, p. 128
2289:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2062:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2008:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1964:on 2007-03-18
1963:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1769:on 2008-09-26
1768:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1741:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1667:0-87461-059-1
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1639:1-883535-15-8
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1625:0-7385-4730-1
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1417:Morning Press
1414:
1410:
1409:Thomas Storke
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889:Rancho Period
886:
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637:Gaviota Coast
634:
630:
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618:
612:
610:
609:Santa Barbara
606:
602:
601:FermĂn LasuĂ©n
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30:
25:
19:
16:
3477:Redwood City
3456:
3452:Santa Monica
3277:Garden Grove
2884:Contra Costa
2623:Mexican rule
2507:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2460:. Retrieved
2456:the original
2446:
2435:. Retrieved
2431:the original
2421:
2410:
2399:. Retrieved
2395:the original
2385:
2367:
2358:
2349:
2340:
2335:Baker, p. 85
2331:
2322:
2316:
2306:
2297:
2288:
2279:
2274:Baker, p. 82
2270:
2259:
2250:
2241:
2232:
2227:Baker, p. 72
2223:
2214:
2181:
2172:
2167:Baker, p. 63
2163:
2158:Baker, p. 66
2154:
2145:
2136:
2131:Baker, p. 50
2115:
2106:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2071:
2061:
2056:Baker, p. 43
2052:
2043:
2038:Baker, p. 39
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
2002:Baker, p. 33
1998:
1977:
1966:. Retrieved
1962:the original
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1853:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1782:
1771:. Retrieved
1767:the original
1757:
1747:
1740:
1725:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1672:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1630:
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1609:
1580:
1576:
1564:
1540:Painted Cave
1536:
1516:
1512:
1500:
1460:
1439:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1401:
1390:
1359:
1326:
1281:
1265:
1257:
1241:
1233:
1225:
1221:County Meath
1206:
1186:
1159:
1143:
1131:
1120:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1061:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1032:incorporated
1029:
1025:
992:
964:
946:
917:
874:
870:
862:
839:
791:
783:to the left.
762:
750:
731:
725:
715:
695:
685:
681:
674:
665:
662:
658:
652:
640:
628:
613:
590:
555:and tsarist
542:
530:
514:
499:
480:
423:
400:
357:
355:
242:Santa Monica
236:
15:
3617:Nevada City
3577:Placerville
3442:Santa Maria
3402:Victorville
3392:Santa Clara
3377:Simi Valley
3222:Chula Vista
3197:Bakersfield
3157:Los Angeles
3064:Santa Clara
3044:San Joaquin
2944:Los Angeles
2730:Present day
2715:Development
2695:Engineering
2640:Californios
2583:Before 1900
1993:Independent
1557:The annual
1483:World War I
1367:Pearl Chase
1244:flat racing
1077:Jack Powers
1003:Andrés Pico
909:Las Positas
897:Dos Pueblos
881:Californios
649:, anchored
526:Juan Crespi
382:silent film
187:Los Angeles
60:Before 1900
33:History of
3637:Categories
3567:Marysville
3542:Susanville
3497:San Rafael
3492:Santa Cruz
3422:Costa Mesa
3282:Santa Rosa
3187:Long Beach
3182:Sacramento
3099:Stanislaus
3069:Santa Cruz
3024:San Benito
3019:Sacramento
2700:Water wars
2682:Since 1900
2596:Precontact
2462:2008-08-21
2437:2009-08-10
2401:2008-08-21
1968:2008-08-21
1773:2008-08-21
1603:References
1548:Hope Ranch
1421:Daily News
1413:News-Press
1342:Allan Dwan
1217:Hope Ranch
1203:Hope Ranch
1197:Summerland
1166:Coast Line
1063:including
901:San Marcos
726:comandante
670:Hope Ranch
666:asistencia
517:expedition
510:that saint
212:Sacramento
122:Newspapers
95:Since 1900
35:California
3557:Red Bluff
3532:Hollister
3517:El Centro
3482:Yuba City
3437:Fairfield
3427:Inglewood
3387:Roseville
3357:Fullerton
3347:Sunnyvale
3342:Escondido
3307:Elk Grove
3302:Lancaster
3287:Oceanside
3212:Riverside
3207:Santa Ana
3162:San Diego
3054:San Mateo
3034:San Diego
3014:Riverside
2964:Mendocino
2894:El Dorado
2889:Del Norte
2874:Calaveras
2846:By county
2793:By region
2768:Railroads
2748:Etymology
2725:Tech boom
2670:Civil War
2665:Gold Rush
1567:San Roque
1419:into his
1255:in 1978.
1229:Modoc War
1189:oil seeps
1162:steamboat
1065:lynchings
702:Argentine
653:Discovery
378:Gold Rush
222:San Diego
207:Riverside
132:Railroads
3607:Lakeport
3572:Piedmont
3552:Oroville
3527:Martinez
3502:Woodland
3412:Berkeley
3407:El Monte
3352:Pasadena
3332:Torrance
3312:Palmdale
3262:Glendale
3217:Stockton
3167:San Jose
3124:Tuolumne
3084:Siskiyou
2984:Monterey
2959:Mariposa
2914:Imperial
2909:Humboldt
2816:Yosemite
2801:Bay Area
2763:Missions
2758:Maritime
2753:Highways
2740:By topic
2531:Archived
2509:Noticias
2375:Archived
1861:Archived
1586:See also
1530:and the
1491:Manzanar
1288:Big Four
929:Pio Pico
707:Monterey
442:rock art
280:Yosemite
265:Bay Area
232:San Jose
202:Piedmont
197:Pasadena
147:Eugenics
137:Highways
112:Maritime
24:a series
22:Part of
3622:Alturas
3612:Jackson
3592:Willows
3507:Hanford
3447:Redding
3432:Ventura
3397:Vallejo
3382:Concord
3372:Visalia
3337:Hayward
3322:Salinas
3297:Ontario
3252:Fontana
3242:Modesto
3227:Fremont
3202:Anaheim
3192:Oakland
3149:By city
3129:Ventura
3114:Trinity
2854:Alameda
2829:Regions
2778:Slavery
2773:Ranchos
1481:during
1144:Writer
1129:raids.
969:in the
905:Refugio
842:alcalde
814:Solvang
746:Solvang
736:, used
682:cantera
635:on the
629:capitán
519:led by
515:A land
452:at the
393:style.
256:Regions
247:Visalia
192:Oakland
172:Anaheim
142:Slavery
52:Periods
3602:Sonora
3597:Colusa
3562:Auburn
3537:Eureka
3522:Lompoc
3487:Madera
3467:Merced
3417:Downey
3362:Orange
3327:Pomona
3317:Corona
3247:Oxnard
3232:Irvine
3177:Fresno
3119:Tulare
3109:Tehama
3104:Sutter
3094:Sonoma
3089:Solano
3079:Sierra
3074:Shasta
3009:Plumas
3004:Placer
2999:Orange
2994:Nevada
2969:Merced
2949:Madera
2939:Lassen
2899:Fresno
2879:Colusa
2864:Amador
2859:Alpine
1694:, 1999
1665:
1637:
1623:
1352:, and
1302:, and
1127:Apache
1102:simoon
1086:Sonora
913:Goleta
911:, and
802:Mexico
724:, the
686:calera
664:adobe
534:tomols
487:Goleta
438:tomols
362:Mexico
182:Fresno
162:Cities
103:Topics
26:on the
3582:Yreka
3547:Ukiah
3462:Chico
2974:Modoc
2954:Marin
2929:Kings
2904:Glenn
2869:Butte
2690:Labor
1680:Notes
1436:then.
1335:from
1073:Zorro
1071:(the
850:hides
846:mayor
177:Chico
127:Bread
3472:Napa
3139:Yuba
3134:Yolo
2989:Napa
2979:Mono
2934:Lake
2924:Kern
2919:Inyo
1663:ISBN
1635:ISBN
1621:ISBN
651:HMS
543:The
356:The
117:Wine
2097:",
1732:294
386:oil
152:Oil
3639::
2202:^
2190:^
2124:^
1986:^
1839:^
1791:^
1510:.
1493:.
1423:.
1348:,
1344:,
1298:,
1294:,
1290:"—
915:.
903:,
899:,
867::
748:.
540:.
512:.
468:.
2563:e
2556:t
2549:v
2465:.
2440:.
2404:.
1971:.
1776:.
1734:.
345:e
338:t
331:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
