The History of Sexuality - Knowledge (XXG)

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more concerned about the power of how people live. Power becomes about how to foster life. For example, a state decides to execute someone as a safe guard to society not as justified, as it once was, as vengeful justice. This new emphasis on power over life is called Biopower and comes in two forms. First, Foucault says it is "centered on the body as a machine: its disciplining, the optimization of its capabilities, the extortion of its forces, the parallel increase of its usefulness and its docility, its integration into systems of efficient and economic controls." The second form, Foucault argues, emerged later and focuses on the "species body, the body imbued with the mechanics of life and serving as the basis of the biological processes: propagation, births and mortality, the level of health, life expectancy and longevity, with all the conditions that cause these to vary." Biopower, it is argued, is the source of the rise of capitalism, as states became interested in regulating and normalizing power over life and not as concerned about punishing and condemning actions.

275:. Foucault argues that discourse on sexuality in fact proliferated during this period, during which experts began to examine sexuality in a scientific manner, encouraging people to confess their sexual feelings and actions. According to Foucault, in the 18th and 19th centuries society took an increasing interest in sexualities that did not fit within the marital bond: the "world of perversion" that includes the sexuality of children, the mentally ill, the criminal and the homosexual, while by the 19th century, sexuality was being readily explored both through confession and scientific enquiry. In Volume 2 and Volume 3, Foucault addresses the role of sex in Greek and Roman antiquity. 442:, writing that while an important "historico-political" critique of sexual repression formed around Reich, "the very possibility of its success was tied to the fact that it always unfolded within the deployment of sexuality, and not outside or against it." According to Foucault, that sexual behavior in western societies was able to change in many ways "without any of the promises or political conditions predicted by Reich being realized" demonstrates that the "antirepressive" struggle is "a tactical shift and reversal in the great deployment of sexuality." 372:. In the 18th and 19th centuries, he argues, society ceases discussing the sex lives of married couples, instead taking an increasing interest in sexualities that did not fit within this union; the "world of perversion" that includes the sexuality of children, the mentally ill, the criminal and the homosexual. He notes that this had three major effects on society. Firstly, there was increasing categorization of these "perverts"; where previously a man who engaged in same-sex activities would be labeled as an individual who succumbed to the sin of 405:, the concept of confession survived and became more widespread, entering into the relationship between parent and child, patient and psychiatrist and student and educator. By the 19th century, he maintains, the "truth" of sexuality was being readily explored both through confession and scientific enquiry. Foucault proceeds to examine how the confession of sexuality then comes to be "constituted in scientific terms," arguing that scientists begin to trace the cause of all aspects of human psychology and society to sexual factors. 748:"caused a thunderstorm among philosophers, historians, and other theorists of sex". He credited Foucault with inspiring "genealogical" studies "informed by the heuristic idea that not only are patterns of sexual desire and behavior socially engineered ... but also that the concepts of our sexual discourse are equally socially constructed" and with influencing "gender studies, feminism, Queer Theory, and the debate about the resemblance and continuity, or lack of it, between ancient and contemporary homoeroticism". He credited 1024:"Foucault's interpretation of the culture of the self in late antiquity is sometimes too narrow and therefore misleading", this is a defect of "interpretation" rather than of "conceptualization." Davidson argued that, "Foucault's conceptualization of ethics as the self's relationship to itself provides us with a framework of enormous depth and subtlety" and "allows us to grasp aspects of ancient thought that would otherwise remain occluded." 835:(1986). He also criticized Foucault for assuming that there could be societies in which a "problematisation" of the sexual did not occur. Scruton concluded that, "No history of thought could show the 'problematisation' of sexual experience to be peculiar to certain specific social formations: it is characteristic of personal experience generally, and therefore of every genuine social order." The philosopher 974:, Foucault presents what amounts to an argument "against the possibility of making historical connections between beliefs about sex and sexual practices", but that the argument is only acceptable if one accepts the need to shift attention from "sexuality" to "sex" in thinking about the sexual culture of the last three centuries, and that Foucault does not make a case for such a need. The critic 855:"one of the most exciting new books" in classical studies and "an important contribution to the history of sexuality", but added that Foucault "takes for granted, and thus 'authorizes,' exactly what needs to be explained: the philosophical establishment of the autonomous male subject". The historian Patricia O'Brien wrote that Foucault was "without expertise" in dealing with antiquity, and that 322:. We have not only witnessed a visible explosion of unorthodox sexualities; but – and this is the important point – a deployment quite different from the law, even if it is locally dependent on procedures of prohibition, has ensured, through a network of interconnecting mechanisms, the proliferation of specific pleasures and the multiplication of disparate sexualities. 430:, Foucault argues that westerners still view power as emanating from law, but he rejects this, stressing the need to "construct an analytics of power that no longer takes law as a model and a code," and announcing that a different form of power governs sexuality. "We must," Foucault states, "at the same time conceive of sex without the law, and power without the king." 49: 380:. Secondly, Foucault argues that the labeling of perverts conveyed a sense of "pleasure and power" on to both those studying sexuality and the perverts themselves. Thirdly, he argues that bourgeois society exhibited "blatant and fragmented perversion," readily engaging in perversity but regulating where it could take place. 764:"certainly the most ambitious and interesting recent attempt to analyse the relations between the production of concepts and the history of society in the field of sexuality", but criticized Foucault for using an "undifferentiated concept" of speech and an imprecise notion of "power". The gay rights activist 778:

wrote that Foucault rightly argues that, "what we have all along taken as the breaking-through of a silence and the long delayed giving of due attention to human sexuality was in fact the promotion of human sexuality, indeed, the creation of an internal focus for the individual's preoccupations." The

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in 2013 as part of the Foucault archive. Foucault's family decided that as the material was already partially accessible, it should be published for everyone to read. It was edited and finally published in February 2018, despite Foucault explicitly disallowing posthumous publication of his works, and

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was published posthumously in 2018. Emerging from the planned second volume of his original scheme for the Histoire, the theme of the book were developed in his lecture series from 1979 to 1980 where Foucault extended his analysis of government and biopolitics to its "...wider sense of techniques and

437:

as the domination or subjugation exerted on society by the government or the state. Rather, power should be understood "as the multiplicity of force relations immanent in the sphere in which they operate." In this way, he argues, "Power is everywhere . . . because it comes from everywhere," emanating

400:

has repeatedly been used for political purposes, being utilized in the name of "public hygiene" to support state racism. Returning to the influence of Catholic confession, he looks at the relationship between the one confessing and the authoritarian figure that he confesses to, arguing that as Roman

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more scholarly than Foucault's previous work. Scruton concluded, of the work in general, that it creates an impression of a "normalized" Foucault: "His command of the French language, his fascination with ancient texts and the by-ways of history, his flamboyant imagination and beautiful style - all

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in which Foucault discussed how European medical discourse of the late 19th century had classified homosexuals had "clouded the minds" of many social historical theorists and researchers, who had produced a "voluminous discourse" that ignored how homosexuals had been classified before the late 19th

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Foucault's death in 1984 left the work incomplete, and the publication was delayed due to the restrictions of Foucault's estate. The volume was almost finished at the time of his death, and a copy was held in the Foucault archive. The work first became available to researchers when both handwritten

332:

In Part Two, Foucault notes that from the 17th century to the 1970s, there had actually been a "...veritable discursive explosion" in the discussion of sex, albeit using an "...authorized vocabulary" that codified where one could talk about it, when one could talk about it, and with whom. He argues

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he "fails to recognize the concrete relations of power that both construct and condemn Herculine's sexuality", instead romanticizing Barbin's world of pleasure as the "happy limbo of a non-identity", and expressing views akin to those of Marcuse. Butler further argued that this conflict is evident

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In part five, Foucault asserts that the motivations for power over life and death have changed. As in feudal times the "right to life" was more or less a "right to death" because sovereign powers were able to decide when a person died. This has changed to a "right to live," as sovereign states are

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The psychoanalyst Joel Whitebook argued that while Foucault proposes that "bodies and pleasures" should be the rallying point against "the deployment of sexuality", "bodies and pleasures", like other Foucauldian terms, is a notion with "little content." Whitebook, who endorsed Dews' assessment of

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was, "usually quite readable, surveying the ancient evidence to make some good observations about the various techniques developed to control passion", but faulted Foucault for limiting his scope to "fourth-century medical and philosophical works". The philosopher Arnold Davidson wrote that while

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anonymously written in the late 19th century and detailing the sex life of a Victorian gentleman. Indeed, Foucault states that at the start of the 18th century, there was an emergence of "...a political, economic, and technical incitement to talk about sex,"...with self-appointed experts speaking

300:

society, before the partial liberation of sexuality in modern times. Arguing that sexuality was never truly repressed, Foucault asks why modern westerners believe the hypothesis, noting that in portraying past sexuality as repressed, it provides a basis for the idea that in rejecting past moral

417:

western society wishes to seek for the "truth" of sex. Foucault argues for the need to develop an "analytics" of power through which to understand sex. Highlighting that power controls sex by laying down rules for others to follow, he discusses how power demands obedience through domination,

484:

to explore the codes of conduct between men and boys, and finally, the understanding of true love in philosophy. For Foucault, this exploration of Greek practices illustrates an "history of the desiring subject", which is crucial for understanding the modern construction of sexuality.

291:

In Part One, Foucault discusses the "repressive hypothesis", the widespread belief among late 20th-century westerners that sexuality, and the open discussion of sex, was socially repressed during the late 17th, 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries, a by-product of the rise of

998:, "a brilliant enterprise, astonishingly bold, shocking even, in its subversion of conventional explanatory frameworks, chronologies, and evaluations, and in its proposed alternatives." Porter credited Foucault with discrediting the view, proposed for example by Marcuse in 232:, in which the author examines the emergence of "sexuality" as a discursive object and separate sphere of life and argues that the notion that every individual has a sexuality is a relatively recent development in Western societies. The first volume, 391:

In part three, Foucault explores the development of the scientific study of sex, the attempt to unearth the "truth" of sex, a phenomenon which Foucault argues is peculiar to the West. In contrast to the West's sexual science, Foucault introduces the

554:

in French) was published in France in 1976, and translated in 1977, focusing primarily on the last two centuries, and the functioning of sexuality as an analytics of power related to the emergence of a science of sexuality, and the emergence of

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wrote that Foucault is right to raise questions about the "repressive hypothesis", but that "his procedure is anecdotal and almost wholly unencumbered by facts; using his accustomed technique (reminiscent of the principle underlying

353:

both moralistically and rationally on sex, the latter sort trying to categorize it. He notes that in that century, governments became increasingly aware that they were not merely having to manage "subjects" or "a people" but a "

459:

In this volume, Foucault discusses "the manner in which sexual activity was problematized by philosophers and doctors in classical Greek culture of the fourth century B. C.". Exploring works of Greek philosophers such as

525:

In this draft version of the fourth volume, published and translated after his death, Foucault traces the adoption and adaptation by early Christian societies of earlier pre-Christian ideas of pleasure. He discusses

802:, and their followers in that they have provided more accurate descriptions and that Foucault is supported by "the latest historiographic research on bourgeois sex". Merquior considered the second two volumes of 472:, and many more, Foucault explains the aim of this volume to unravel the process of the structuralization of sexuality as an ethical practice in Greek culture. To do so, the book inspects four Greek practices: 357:", and that because of this they had to concern themselves with such topics as birth and death rates, marriage, and contraception, thereby increasing their interest and changing their discourse on sexuality. 688:

was published in English for the first time by Penguin in Feb 2021, translated by Robert Hurley who had translated Penguin's earlier volumes in the series, and was released straight into their

639:

which was used to establish a permanent relationship to oneself. Both were published in 1984, the year of Foucault's death, the second volume being translated in 1985, and the third in 1986.

655:. These themes of early Christian literature seemed to dominate Foucault's work, alongside his study of Greek and Roman literature, until the end of his life. The planned fourth volume of 4455: 2826: 418:

submission, and subjugation, and also how power masks its true intentions by disguising itself as beneficial. As an example, he highlights the manner in which the feudal

267:

In Volume 1, Foucault criticizes the "repressive hypothesis": the idea that western society suppressed sexuality from the 17th to the mid-20th century due to the rise of

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is "fantasy, unsupported by the ancient or modern historical record", and that it "is acknowledged even by Foucault's admirers to be his weakest work". The economist

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have been put, at last, to a proper use, in order to describe the human condition respectfully, and to cease to look for the secret 'structures' beneath its smile."

814:. However, he found the details of Foucault's views open to question, and suggested that Foucault's discussion of Greek pederasty is less illuminating than that of 1319: 1270: 2832: 1028:

Foucault's work, found Foucault's views to be comparable to those of Marcuse and suggested that Foucault was indebted to Marcuse. In 2005, Scruton dismissed

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that Foucault's rejection of the repressive hypothesis is more apparent than real, and that the hypothesis is not "abolished, but simply displaced" in

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described Foucault's work as representative of the position that homosexuals emerged as a social category in 18th and 19th century western Europe in

600:, was to examine "the way in which treatises, both theoretical and practical, on the topics of population and race were linked to the history" of " 3966: 2935: 900:, noting that Foucault refers there to "bucolic" and "innocent" sexual pleasures that exist prior to the imposition of "regulative strategies". 2927: 2812: 913:(1990) that the appearance of the English translation of the first volume of Foucault's work in 1978, together with the publication of Dover's 986:

called Foucault's work the leading example of the position that sexuality takes different forms in different civilizations and is therefore a

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their sinful desires as well as their actions. As evidence for the obsession of talking about sex, he highlights the publication of the book

806:

to be of higher scholarly quality than the first, and found Foucault to be "original and insightful" in his discussion of the Roman Emperor

426:, disguised their intentions by claiming that they were necessary to maintain law, order, and peace. As a leftover concept from the days of 4709: 4699: 3552: 2888: 2461: 2261: 2242: 2202: 2164: 909: 4719: 4714: 3190: 2145: 1295: 1246: 604:." Foucault subsequently abandoned this plan, with only the second volume of this original plan emerging as posthumous volume four. 192: 889:, a 19th-century French intersex person: whereas in the former work Foucault asserts that sexuality is coextensive with power, in 301:

systems, future sexuality can be free and uninhibited, a "...garden of earthly delights". The title of the section is inspired by

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in the West. The work was a further development of the account of the "interaction of knowledge" and power Foucault provided in

4694: 4689: 3321: 2991: 2967: 1407: 1099: 1079: 517:. Foucault describes the Oneirocritica as a "point of reference" for his work, one that exemplifies a common way of thinking. 3210: 3196: 1069: 788:'s humor) of turning accepted ideas upside down, he turns out to be right in part for his private reasons." The philosopher 4415: 3926: 3108: 2729: 2698: 48: 3275: 4485: 4354: 3270: 3163: 2840: 2773: 929: 3280: 3007: 576:, would "concern the prehistory of our modern experience of sexuality, concentrating on the problematization of sex in 438:

from all social relationships and being imposed throughout society bottom-up rather than top-down. Foucault criticizes

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The book received a mixed reception, with some reviewers praising it and others criticizing Foucault's scholarship.

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procedures designed to direct the behaviour of men", which involved a new consideration of the "...examination of

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the same year, marked the beginning of a "new era in the study of the history of sexuality". He suggested that

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Foucault argues that prior to the 18th century, discourse on sexuality focuses on the productive role of the

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with anticipating Foucault's view that patterns of sexual desire and behavior are socially determined.

592:, would discuss "the specific ways in which sexuality had been invested in the female body"; Volume 5, 572:, the back cover of the first volume announced that there would be five forthcoming volumes: Volume 2, 110: 1008:

wrote that the claim that homosexuality is a cultural construction is associated more with Foucault's

396:, which he states has only existed in Ancient and Eastern societies. Furthermore, he argues that this 4635: 4435: 4234: 4021: 3956: 3896: 3098: 3093: 2959: 2864: 2856: 2280: 652: 4475: 4036: 3981: 3901: 3843: 3726: 3621: 3351: 3143: 2903: 2820: 2759: 924: 334: 318:

We must... abandon the hypothesis that modern industrial societies ushered in an age of increased

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Scruton wrote in 2015 that, contrary to Foucault's claims, the ancient texts Foucault examines in

847:, as shown for example by Foucault's persistent references to "the body and its pleasures" and to 4595: 4254: 4219: 4129: 3656: 3489: 3440: 3123: 3113: 2634: 2593: 2556: 1313: 1264: 987: 836: 749: 577: 461: 35: 4384: 4204: 4284: 4249: 4199: 4154: 4074: 4051: 4046: 3921: 3848: 3537: 3527: 3376: 3361: 3337: 3290: 2626: 2585: 2516: 2497: 2476: 2457: 2438: 2416: 2394: 2372: 2353: 2330: 2311: 2288: 2257: 2238: 2217: 2198: 2179: 2160: 2141: 2114: 2091: 2072: 2053: 2034: 2015: 1996: 1977: 1958: 1937: 1918: 1899: 1878: 1859: 1840: 1821: 1802: 1301: 1291: 1252: 1242: 904: 720: 419: 319: 187: 4640: 4314: 4309: 4274: 4264: 4214: 4189: 4149: 4109: 4099: 3976: 3946: 3906: 3792: 3628: 3606: 3396: 3386: 3253: 3242: 3153: 2618: 2577: 2548: 886: 689: 307:

The Other Victorians: A Study of Sexuality and Pornography in Mid-Nineteenth-Century England

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Murray, Stephen O. (1995). "Southwest Asian and North African Terms for Homosexual Roles".

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that this desire to talk so enthusiastically about sex in the western world stems from the

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are not primarily about sexual pleasure. Nevertheless, he found the second two volumes of

1036:(1986) an answer to Foucault's work. Romana Byrne criticized Foucault's argument that the 1005: 975: 807: 799: 569: 338: 229: 221: 213: 62: 2284: 4645: 4535: 4465: 4364: 4339: 4209: 4179: 4139: 4104: 3961: 3886: 3871: 3866: 3757: 3747: 3457: 3408: 3148: 2346: 2273: 2130: 2107: 983: 955: 946: 934: 877: 798:(1985) that Foucault's views about sexual repression are preferable to those of Reich, 775: 624: 1934:

Logics of Disintegration: Post-Structuralist Thought and the Claims of Critical Theory

970:

is Foucault's best-known work on sexuality. The historian Michael Mason wrote that in

885:

is to some extent contradicted by Foucault's subsequent discussion of the journals of

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may be "the most important contribution to the history of Western morality" since

2675: 1408:"Les aveux de la chair - Bibliothèque des Histoires - GALLIMARD - Site Gallimard" 4610: 4405: 4379: 4374: 4174: 4159: 4026: 4006: 3986: 3838: 3813: 3772: 3633: 3542: 3532: 3494: 3452: 3415: 3381: 3173: 3083: 785: 601: 584:, would discuss "the sexuality of children, especially the problem of childhood 502: 402: 272: 4615: 4575: 4144: 4134: 4011: 3941: 3828: 3797: 3777: 3721: 3716: 3671: 3566: 3118: 2622: 2069:

The Bourgeois Experience, Victoria to Freud, Volume I: Education of the Senses

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Catholicism was eclipsed in much of Western and Northern Europe following the

354: 293: 268: 4655: 4605: 4369: 4244: 3971: 3742: 3666: 3573: 3547: 3467: 3158: 2664: 1004:(1955), that "industrialization demanded erotic austerity." The philosopher 780: 717: 636: 481: 477: 473: 427: 365: 297: 165: 161: 2630: 1305: 1256: 1048:

has been evident in Western society since at least the eighteenth century.

596:, was "planned to investigate exactly what the title named"; and Volume 6, 2589: 1427:"'Key' fourth book of Foucault's History of Sexuality published in France" 4580: 4056: 3782: 3752: 3711: 3706: 3472: 3447: 3128: 3088: 2833:

I, Pierre Riviere, Having Slaughtered My Mother, My Sister and My Brother

881:(1990) that the theory of power Foucault expounds in the first volume of 859:

lacks the "methodological rigor" of Foucault's earlier works, especially

831:

rejected Foucault's claim that sexual morality is culturally relative in

556: 510: 465: 361: 240:), was first published in 1976; an English translation appeared in 1978. 2271:

Nussbaum, Martha (1997). Estlund, David M.; Nussbaum, Martha C. (eds.).

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belongs only to Eastern and Ancient societies, arguing that a form of

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Sowing the Body: Psychoanalysis and Ancient Representations of Women

953:

as, "a remarkable fusion of philosophy and intellectual history" in

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in the context of 19th century thought and culture. The classicist

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One Hundred Years of Homosexuality: And Other Essays on Greek Love

542:

were published before Foucault's death in 1984. The first volume,

506: 469: 1241:. Robert Hurley (Vintage books ed.). New York. p. 245. 631:

antiquity. The latter volume deals considerably with the ancient

3686: 1892:

Caplan, Jane (1981). The Cambridge Women's Studies Group (ed.).

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The Sexual Imagination From Acker to Zola: A Feminist Companion

1290:. Robert Hurley (Vintage books ed.). New York. p. 5. 376:, now they would be categorised into a new "species," that of 1837:

Creation of the Sacred: Tracks of Biology in Early Religions

2936:

Aesthetics, Method, Epistemology (Essential Works Volume 2)

2031:

The History of Sexuality Volume 4: Confessions of the Flesh

2928:

Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth (Essential Works Volume 1)

2644: 1875:

Aesthetic Sexuality: A Literary History of Sadomasochism

2012:

The History of Sexuality Volume 3: The Care of the Self

1856:

Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity

1383:"Michel Foucault's Unfinished Book Published in France" 2352:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1993:

The History of Sexuality Volume 2: The Use of Pleasure

1839:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 476:

to understand the relation of the self with the body,

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The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

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Sex, Preference, and Family: Essays on Law and Nature

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In this volume, Foucault discusses texts such as the

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The Cambridge Companion to Foucault, Second Edition

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The Cambridge Companion to Foucault, Second Edition

413:In part four, Foucault explores the question as to 186: 172: 156: 140: 132: 116: 106: 96: 88: 78: 68: 58: 2539:Foucault, Michel (1982). "The Subject and Power". 2345: 2303: 2272: 2129: 2106: 1974:The History of Sexuality Volume 1: An Introduction 734:century or non-European cultures. The philosopher 613:Histoire de la sexualité, II: l'usage des plaisirs 1816:Bernasconi, Robert (2005). Honderich, Ted (ed.). 959:(1992), adding that the book is lucidly written. 552:Histoire de la sexualité, 1: la volonté de savoir 2088:Sex and Destiny: The Politics of Human Fertility 505:. Other authors whose work is discussed include 2195:Anthropological Theory: An Introductory History 316: 2128:Hamer, Diana (1993). Gilbert, Harriett (ed.). 1913:Davidson, Arnold (2003). Gutting, Gary (ed.). 621:Histoire de la sexualité, III: le souci de soi 480:as the management of marriage and households, 256:), were published in 1984. The fourth volume, 3322: 2699: 2511:Whitebook, Joel (2003). Gutting, Gary (ed.). 1100:"Confessions of the Flesh by Michel Foucault" 704:among scholars and academics has been mixed. 8: 3564: 3518: 3504: 2827:Foucault's lectures at the Collège de France 2435:Sexual Desire: A Philosophical Investigation 2367:Porter, Roy (1996). Keddie, Nikki R. (ed.). 2302:O'Brien, Patricia (1989). Hunt, Lynn (ed.). 1957:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 1040:belongs to modern Western culture while the 41: 818:, despite Foucault's references to Dover's 422:of historical Europe, themselves a form of 3646: 3329: 3315: 3307: 2706: 2692: 2684: 2668:Previews of the original French editions: 1895:Women in Society: Interdisciplinary Essays 1318:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1269:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 446:Part V: Right of Death and Power over Life 47: 40: 2515:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2496:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2473:Eros: The Myth of Ancient Greek Sexuality 2193:McGee, R. Jon; Warms, Richard L. (2011). 1917:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 978:criticized Foucault for failing to place 964:The Sexual Imagination From Acker to Zola 941:a "disaster". Paglia wrote that much of 433:Foucault explains that he does not mean 228:by the French historian and philosopher 4705:Books about the philosophy of sexuality 2371:. New York: New York University Press. 1091: 264:), was published posthumously in 2018. 2327:Sex, Art, and American Culture: Essays 1311: 1262: 1206: 1204: 53:Cover of the first edition of volume 1 2475:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. 2050:Religion and culture: Michel Foucault 1032:as "mendacious", and called his book 34:. For the documentary TV series, see 7: 2413:Gentle Regrets: Thoughts from a Life 2310:. London: University of California. 851:. The classicist Page duBois called 409:Part IV: The Deployment of Sexuality 2813:Introduction to Kant's Anthropology 2369:Debating Gender, Debating Sexuality 2279:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2178:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2071:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1820:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 962:Diana Hamer wrote in the anthology 937:rejected Halperin's views, calling 521:Volume IV: Confessions of the Flesh 364:couple, which is monitored by both 27:Four-volume book by Michel Foucault 2841:Language, Counter-Memory, Practice 2237:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1818:The Oxford Companion to Philosophy 1425:Flood, Alison (12 February 2018). 910:One Hundred Years of Homosexuality 867:Evaluations in books, 1990–present 313:Part II: The Repressive Hypothesis 25: 3191:Cogito and the History of Madness 3008:The Government of Self and Others 2176:The Making of Victorian Sexuality 1381:Libbey, Peter (8 February 2018). 760:The historian Jane Caplan called 4526:The Closing of the American Mind 4446:Civilization and Its Discontents 4426:A Vindication of Natural Society 2952:Power (Essential Works Volume 3) 2607:"A History of Erotic Philosophy" 1799:The Homosexualization of America 771:The Homosexualization of America 708:Scientific and academic journals 623:) dealt with the role of sex in 489:Volume III: The Care of the Self 3032:On the Government of the Living 2992:Security, Territory, Population 2968:The Hermeneutics of the Subject 756:Evaluations in books, 1976–1989 282:Volume I: The Will to Knowledge 3211:The Passion of Michel Foucault 3197:Foucauldian discourse analysis 2234:The Passion of Michel Foucault 1570: 1284:Foucault, Michel (1988–1990). 1235:Foucault, Michel (1988–1990). 1070:Foucauldian discourse analysis 455:Volume II: The Use of Pleasure 1: 4416:Oration on the Dignity of Man 2896:Politics, Philosophy, Culture 2730:Mental Illness and Psychology 683:, Foucault's partner, to the 287:Part I: We "Other Victorians" 30:For the history article, see 4486:The Society of the Spectacle 3164:Power (social and political) 3024:Lectures on the Will to Know 2774:The Archaeology of Knowledge 2647:'s Academic Search Complete 2391:Fools, Frauds and Firebrands 2157:The Lives of Michel Foucault 930:On the Genealogy of Morality 499:The Interpretation of Dreams 341:called for its followers to 220:) is a four-volume study of 2570:Archives of Sexual Behavior 2471:Thornton, Bruce S. (1997). 2329:. New York: Penguin Books. 2105:Halperin, David M. (1990). 726:Archives of Sexual Behavior 4741: 4700:Books about social history 3048:Wrong-Doing, Truth-Telling 2493:Freud's Wishful Dream Book 2029:Foucault, Michel (2021) . 2010:Foucault, Michel (1990) . 1991:Foucault, Michel (1992) . 1972:Foucault, Michel (1979) . 1774: 1762: 1750: 1738: 1726: 1714: 1702: 1690: 1678: 1666: 1654: 1642: 1630: 1618: 1606: 1594: 1582: 1558: 1546: 1534: 1522: 1510: 1498: 1486: 1474: 1462: 1450: 1368: 1356: 1344: 1332: 1222: 1210: 1195: 1183: 1171: 1159: 1147: 1135: 1123: 1012:than with any other work. 685:National Library of France 651:" and confession in early 218:L'Histoire de la sexualité 201:978-1-52-474803-6 (vol. 4) 101:History of human sexuality 32:History of human sexuality 29: 4664: 4556:Intellectuals and Society 4506:The Culture of Narcissism 2623:10.1080/00224490902747750 2490:Welsh, Alexander (1994). 2197:. New York: McGraw Hill. 2048:Foucault, Michel (1999). 2033:. London: Penguin Books. 2014:. London: Penguin Books. 1995:. London: Penguin Books. 675:and typed manuscripts of 659:was accordingly entitled 182:416 (English ed., vol. 4) 180:279 (English ed., vol. 3) 178:293 (English ed., vol. 2) 176:168 (English ed., vol. 1) 142:Published in English 46: 42:The History of Sexuality 4720:Works by Michel Foucault 4715:French non-fiction books 4710:Éditions Gallimard books 4546:The Malaise of Modernity 4496:The History of Sexuality 3595:Catholic social teaching 3276:Foucault–Habermas debate 3104:Disciplinary institution 3000:The Birth of Biopolitics 2920:Society Must Be Defended 2873:Le Désordre des familles 2790:The History of Sexuality 2738:Madness and Civilization 2344:Posner, Richard (1992). 2325:Paglia, Camille (1993). 2306:The New Cultural History 2216:. London: FontanaPress. 2212:Merquior, J. G. (1991). 2086:Greer, Germaine (1985). 1877:. New York: Bloomsbury. 1835:Burkert, Walter (1996). 1801:. Boston: Beacon Press. 1525:. pp. 121-2, 132, 135-6. 1287:The history of sexuality 1238:The history of sexuality 1198:. pp. 92–102, 131. 1057:The History of Sexuality 1030:The History of Sexuality 1010:The History of Sexuality 996:The History of Sexuality 972:The History of Sexuality 968:The History of Sexuality 951:The History of Sexuality 943:The History of Sexuality 939:The History of Sexuality 921:The History of Sexuality 898:The History of Sexuality 883:The History of Sexuality 857:The History of Sexuality 845:The History of Sexuality 841:Logics of Disintegration 804:The History of Sexuality 762:The History of Sexuality 746:The History of Sexuality 731:The History of Sexuality 702:The History of Sexuality 677:Confessions of the Flesh 661:Confessions of the Flesh 657:The History of Sexuality 644:Confessions of the Flesh 607:The second two volumes, 540:The History of Sexuality 528:Saint Augustine of Hippo 258:Confessions of the Flesh 209:The History of Sexuality 73:Histoire de la sexualité 4626:Philosophy of education 3281:Chomsky–Foucault debate 3056:On the Punitive Society 2753:Death and the Labyrinth 2746:The Birth of the Clinic 2661:Summaries of the book: 2649:(subscription required) 2611:Journal of Sex Research 2415:. New York: Continuum. 2174:Mason, Michael (1995). 2113:. New York: Routledge. 1858:. New York: Routledge. 1854:Butler, Judith (2007). 1797:Altman, Dennis (1982). 790:José Guilherme Merquior 741:Journal of Sex Research 714:cultural anthropologist 590:Woman, Mother, Hysteric 4695:1984 non-fiction books 4690:1976 non-fiction books 3565: 3519: 3505: 3040:Subjectivity and Truth 2976:The Essential Foucault 2889:What Is Enlightenment? 2643: – via 2393:. London: Bloomsbury. 2231:Miller, James (1993). 2159:. London: Hutchinson. 1976:. London: Allen Lane. 1873:Byrne, Romana (2013). 582:The Children's Crusade 574:The Flesh and the Body 330: 217: 199:0-14-013735-1 (vol. 3) 197:0-14-013734-5 (vol. 2) 4631:Philosophy of history 4621:Philosophy of culture 4516:A Conflict of Visions 2912:The Politics of Truth 2782:Discipline and Punish 2456:. London: Routledge. 2452:Smart, Barry (2002). 2256:. London: Routledge. 2155:Macey, David (1993). 1951:duBois, Page (1988). 1001:Eros and Civilization 861:Discipline and Punish 774:(1982). The feminist 665:Les aveux de la chair 562:Discipline and Punish 546:(previously known as 544:The Will to Knowledge 339:Roman Catholic Church 262:Les aveux de la chair 234:The Will to Knowledge 4636:Political philosophy 4436:Democracy in America 3099:Cultural imperialism 3094:Carceral archipelago 3016:The Courage of Truth 2677:La volonté de savoir 2671:La volonté de savoir 2605:Soble, Alan (2009). 2252:Mills, Sara (2004). 1932:Dews, Peter (2007). 1104:Penguin Random House 812:The Care of the Self 810:and other Stoics in 653:Christian literature 617:The Care of the Self 598:Population and Races 250:The Care of the Self 246:L'usage des plaisirs 238:La volonté de savoir 18:History of Sexuality 4476:One-Dimensional Man 2881:The Foucault Reader 2760:The Order of Things 2437:. London: Phoenix. 2285:1998spf..book.....E 2090:. London: Picador. 2067:Gay, Peter (1985). 1053:The Use of Pleasure 1021:The Use of Pleasure 933:(1887). The critic 925:Friedrich Nietzsche 916:Greek Homosexuality 853:The Use of Pleasure 821:Greek Homosexuality 642:The fourth volume, 635:development of the 609:The Use of Pleasure 534:Publication history 420:absolute monarchies 335:Counter-Reformation 242:The Use of Pleasure 69:Original title 43: 4596:Cultural pessimism 4591:Cultural criticism 3490:National character 3124:Ecogovernmentality 3114:Discourse analysis 2821:What Is an Author? 2767:This Is Not a Pipe 2582:10.1007/bf01542184 1898:. London: Virago. 1387:The New York Times 1174:. pp. 53–73. 1162:. pp. 37–49. 1150:. pp. 15–36. 988:cultural construct 750:Simone de Beauvoir 729:that a passage of 578:early Christianity 168:), Audio (Vol 1-3) 111:Éditions Gallimard 36:The History of Sex 4725:Augustine studies 4677: 4676: 4393: 4392: 3538:Spontaneous order 3528:Social alienation 3377:Cultural heritage 3338:Social philosophy 3304: 3303: 2984:Psychiatric Power 2801:Essays, lectures, 2522:978-0-521-60053-8 2503:978-0-691-03718-9 2482:978-0-8133-3226-0 2444:978-1-85799-100-0 2422:978-0-8264-8033-0 2400:978-1-4081-8733-3 2378:978-0-8147-4655-4 2359:978-0-674-80279-7 2336:978-0-14-017209-6 2317:978-0-520-06429-4 2294:978-0-19-509894-5 2223:978-0-00-686226-0 2185:978-0-19-285312-7 2120:978-0-415-90097-3 2097:978-0-330-28551-3 2078:978-0-19-503728-9 2059:978-0-415-92362-0 2040:978-0-24-138958-4 2021:978-0-14-013735-4 2002:978-0-14-013734-7 1983:978-0-7139-1094-0 1964:978-0-226-16757-2 1943:978-1-84467-574-6 1936:. London: Verso. 1924:978-0-521-60053-8 1905:978-0-86068-083-3 1884:978-1-4411-0081-8 1865:978-0-415-38955-6 1846:978-0-674-17569-3 1827:978-0-19-926479-7 1808:978-0-8070-4143-7 1741:. pp. 335, 337-8. 1585:. pp. 127-8, 131. 1186:. p. 77–91. 1126:. pp. 1–14. 1038:scientia sexualis 905:David M. Halperin 721:Stephen O. Murray 700:The reception of 538:Three volumes of 398:scientia sexualis 386:Scientia Sexualis 320:sexual repression 273:bourgeois society 205: 204: 133:Publication place 16:(Redirected from 4732: 4641:Social criticism 4561: 4551: 4541: 4531: 4521: 4511: 4501: 4491: 4481: 4471: 4461: 4451: 4441: 4431: 4421: 4411: 3647: 3629:Frankfurt School 3607:Communitarianism 3570: 3524: 3510: 3331: 3324: 3317: 3308: 3264:Related articles 3254:Foucault in Iran 3243:Claude Raffestin 3154:Limit-experience 2849:Herculine Barbin 2708: 2701: 2694: 2685: 2650: 2642: 2617:(2/3): 104–120. 2601: 2564: 2541:Critical Inquiry 2526: 2507: 2486: 2467: 2448: 2426: 2404: 2382: 2363: 2351: 2340: 2321: 2309: 2298: 2278: 2267: 2248: 2227: 2208: 2189: 2170: 2151: 2135: 2124: 2112: 2101: 2082: 2063: 2044: 2025: 2006: 1987: 1968: 1947: 1928: 1909: 1888: 1869: 1850: 1831: 1812: 1778: 1772: 1766: 1760: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1736: 1730: 1724: 1718: 1712: 1706: 1700: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1676: 1670: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1640: 1634: 1628: 1622: 1616: 1610: 1604: 1598: 1592: 1586: 1580: 1574: 1568: 1562: 1556: 1550: 1544: 1538: 1532: 1526: 1520: 1514: 1508: 1502: 1496: 1490: 1484: 1478: 1472: 1466: 1460: 1454: 1448: 1442: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1412:www.gallimard.fr 1404: 1398: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1378: 1372: 1366: 1360: 1354: 1348: 1342: 1336: 1330: 1324: 1323: 1317: 1309: 1281: 1275: 1274: 1268: 1260: 1232: 1226: 1220: 1214: 1208: 1199: 1193: 1187: 1181: 1175: 1169: 1163: 1157: 1151: 1145: 1139: 1133: 1127: 1121: 1115: 1114: 1112: 1110: 1096: 990:. The historian 892:Herculine Barbin 887:Herculine Barbin 871:The philosopher 827:The philosopher 690:Penguin Classics 328: 118:Publication date 51: 44: 21: 4740: 4739: 4735: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4730: 4729: 4680: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4660: 4586:Critical theory 4564: 4559: 4549: 4539: 4529: 4519: 4509: 4499: 4489: 4479: 4469: 4459: 4449: 4439: 4429: 4419: 4409: 4389: 4067: 4061: 3859: 3853: 3802: 3731: 3638: 3590:Budapest School 3578: 3367:Cosmopolitanism 3340: 3335: 3305: 3300: 3259: 3218:Giorgio Agamben 3178: 3139:Governmentality 3079:Author function 3074:Anti-psychiatry 3062: 2960:Fearless Speech 2865:Remarks on Marx 2857:Power/Knowledge 2804: 2802: 2796: 2717: 2715:Michel Foucault 2712: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2604: 2567: 2538: 2529: 2523: 2510: 2504: 2489: 2483: 2470: 2464: 2454:Michel Foucault 2451: 2445: 2429: 2423: 2407: 2401: 2385: 2379: 2366: 2360: 2343: 2337: 2324: 2318: 2301: 2295: 2270: 2264: 2254:Michel Foucault 2251: 2245: 2230: 2224: 2211: 2205: 2192: 2186: 2173: 2167: 2154: 2148: 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Welsh 903:The classicist 869: 808:Marcus Aurelius 800:Herbert Marcuse 758: 710: 698: 570:Arnold Davidson 548:An Introduction 536: 523: 491: 457: 448: 411: 389: 329: 327:Foucault, 1976. 326: 315: 289: 284: 254:Le souci de soi 230:Michel Foucault 200: 198: 196: 181: 179: 177: 157:Media type 151: 149: 147: 143: 127: 125: 123: 119: 63:Michel Foucault 54: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4738: 4736: 4728: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4682: 4681: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4671: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4646:Social science 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4562: 4552: 4542: 4536:Gender Trouble 4532: 4522: 4512: 4502: 4492: 4482: 4472: 4466:The Second Sex 4462: 4452: 4442: 4432: 4422: 4412: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 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34, 362. 1527: 1515: 1503: 1491: 1479: 1467: 1455: 1453:. pp. 623-624. 1443: 1417: 1399: 1373: 1361: 1349: 1337: 1325: 1296: 1276: 1247: 1227: 1215: 1200: 1188: 1176: 1164: 1152: 1140: 1128: 1116: 1090: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1065: 1062: 1017:Bruce Thornton 984:Walter Burkert 956:Sex and Reason 947:Richard Posner 935:Camille Paglia 878:Gender Trouble 868: 865: 776:Germaine Greer 757: 754: 709: 706: 697: 694: 667:), addressing 535: 532: 522: 519: 490: 487: 456: 453: 447: 444: 410: 407: 388: 382: 348:My Secret Life 324: 314: 311: 288: 285: 283: 280: 203: 202: 190: 184: 183: 174: 170: 169: 158: 154: 153: 144: 141: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 120: 117: 114: 113: 108: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 90: 86: 85: 80: 76: 75: 70: 66: 65: 60: 56: 55: 52: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4737: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4670: 4667: 4666: 4663: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4651:Social theory 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 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4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4066:20th and 21st 4064: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3858:18th and 19th 3856: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3734: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3648: 3645: 3641: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3601: 3598: 3597: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3568: 3563: 3559: 3556: 3555: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3508: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3405: 3402: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3384: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3332: 3327: 3325: 3320: 3318: 3313: 3312: 3309: 3297: 3296:Alan Sheridan 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3286:Daniel Defert 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3188: 3187: 3185: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3169:Postsexualism 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3109:Discontinuity 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3050: 3049: 3045: 3042: 3041: 3037: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3010: 3009: 3005: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2973: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2962: 2961: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2922: 2921: 2917: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2904:Foucault Live 2901: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2890: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2867: 2866: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2818: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2803:dialogues and 2799: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2743: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2709: 2704: 2702: 2697: 2695: 2690: 2689: 2686: 2679: 2678: 2673: 2672: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2659: 2655: 2646: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2537: 2536: 2531: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2514: 2509: 2505: 2499: 2495: 2494: 2488: 2484: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2446: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2355: 2350: 2349: 2342: 2338: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2319: 2313: 2308: 2307: 2300: 2296: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2276: 2269: 2265: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2246: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2229: 2225: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2168: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2149: 2147:0-224-03535-5 2143: 2139: 2138:Jonathan Cape 2134: 2133: 2126: 2122: 2116: 2111: 2110: 2103: 2099: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2061: 2055: 2052:. Routledge. 2051: 2046: 2042: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2023: 2017: 2013: 2008: 2004: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1966: 1960: 1956: 1955: 1949: 1945: 1939: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1907: 1901: 1897: 1896: 1890: 1886: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1867: 1861: 1857: 1852: 1848: 1842: 1838: 1833: 1829: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1810: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1794: 1789: 1788: 1784: 1776: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1732: 1728: 1727:Davidson 2003 1723: 1720: 1716: 1715:Thornton 1997 1711: 1708: 1705:. pp. 27, 39. 1704: 1703:Nussbaum 1997 1699: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1675: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1615: 1612: 1608: 1607:Halperin 1990 1603: 1600: 1596: 1595:Halperin 1990 1591: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1567: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1523:Merquior 1991 1519: 1516: 1512: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1444: 1432: 1428: 1421: 1418: 1413: 1409: 1403: 1400: 1388: 1384: 1377: 1374: 1370: 1369:Foucault 1999 1365: 1362: 1358: 1357:Davidson 2003 1353: 1350: 1346: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1333:Foucault 1984 1329: 1326: 1321: 1315: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1297:0-679-72469-9 1293: 1289: 1288: 1280: 1277: 1272: 1266: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1248:0-679-72469-9 1244: 1240: 1239: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1223:Foucault 1984 1219: 1216: 1212: 1211:Foucault 1976 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1196:Foucault 1976 1192: 1189: 1185: 1184:Foucault 1976 1180: 1177: 1173: 1172:Foucault 1976 1168: 1165: 1161: 1160:Foucault 1976 1156: 1153: 1149: 1148:Foucault 1976 1144: 1141: 1137: 1136:Foucault 1976 1132: 1129: 1125: 1124:Foucault 1976 1120: 1117: 1105: 1101: 1095: 1092: 1085: 1081: 1080:Postsexualism 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1054: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1034:Sexual Desire 1031: 1025: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 1002: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 980:Sigmund Freud 977: 973: 969: 965: 960: 958: 957: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 931: 926: 922: 918: 917: 912: 911: 906: 901: 899: 894: 893: 888: 884: 880: 879: 874: 873:Judith Butler 866: 864: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 833:Sexual Desire 830: 829:Roger Scruton 825: 823: 822: 817: 816:Kenneth Dover 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 796: 792:suggested in 791: 787: 782: 777: 773: 772: 767: 766:Dennis Altman 763: 755: 753: 751: 747: 743: 742: 738:wrote in the 737: 732: 728: 727: 723:wrote in the 722: 719: 715: 707: 705: 703: 695: 693: 691: 686: 682: 681:Daniel Defert 679:were sold by 678: 672: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 645: 640: 638: 634: 633:technological 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 605: 603: 599: 595: 591: 588:"; Volume 4, 587: 583: 580:"; Volume 3, 579: 575: 571: 568:According to 566: 564: 563: 558: 553: 549: 545: 541: 533: 531: 529: 520: 518: 516: 515:Pseudo-Lucian 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 495:Oneirocritica 488: 486: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 454: 452: 445: 443: 441: 440:Wilhelm Reich 436: 431: 429: 425: 421: 416: 408: 406: 404: 399: 395: 387: 383: 381: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 358: 356: 351: 349: 344: 340: 336: 323: 321: 312: 310: 308: 304: 303:Steven Marcus 299: 295: 286: 281: 279: 276: 274: 270: 265: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 226:Western world 223: 219: 215: 211: 210: 194: 193:0-14-012474-8 191: 189: 185: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 152:2021 (vol. 4) 150:1986 (vol. 3) 148:1985 (vol. 2) 146:1978 (vol. 1) 145: 139: 135: 131: 128:2018 (vol. 4) 126:1984 (vol. 3) 124:1984 (vol. 2) 122:1976 (vol. 1) 121: 115: 112: 109: 105: 102: 99: 95: 91: 87: 84: 83:Robert Hurley 81: 77: 74: 71: 67: 64: 61: 57: 50: 45: 37: 33: 19: 4554: 4544: 4534: 4524: 4514: 4504: 4495: 4494: 4484: 4474: 4464: 4454: 4444: 4434: 4424: 4414: 4404: 3824:Guicciardini 3807:Early modern 3643:Philosophers 3617:Conservatism 3612:Confucianism 3600:Distributism 3533:Social norms 3521:Sittlichkeit 3507:Ressentiment 3453:Institutions 3431:Human nature 3271:Bibliography 3252: 3248:Nikolas Rose 3238:Paul Rabinow 3233:James Miller 3228:Thomas Lemke 3223:Gary Gutting 3209: 3201: 3054: 3046: 3038: 3030: 3022: 3014: 3006: 2998: 2990: 2982: 2974: 2966: 2958: 2950: 2942: 2934: 2926: 2918: 2910: 2902: 2894: 2879: 2871: 2863: 2855: 2847: 2839: 2831: 2811: 2789: 2788: 2780: 2772: 2766: 2758: 2752: 2744: 2736: 2728: 2676: 2670: 2614: 2610: 2573: 2569: 2544: 2540: 2512: 2492: 2472: 2453: 2434: 2412: 2390: 2368: 2347: 2326: 2305: 2274: 2253: 2233: 2213: 2194: 2175: 2156: 2131: 2108: 2087: 2068: 2049: 2030: 2011: 1992: 1973: 1953: 1933: 1914: 1894: 1874: 1855: 1836: 1817: 1798: 1785:Bibliography 1777:. pp. 112-3. 1775:Scruton 2015 1770: 1758: 1751:Scruton 2005 1746: 1734: 1722: 1710: 1698: 1686: 1679:Burkert 1996 1674: 1662: 1657:. pp. 172-3. 1650: 1638: 1626: 1614: 1602: 1590: 1578: 1571:O'Brien 1989 1566: 1554: 1542: 1535:Scruton 1994 1530: 1518: 1513:. pp. 468-9. 1506: 1494: 1482: 1470: 1458: 1446: 1434:. Retrieved 1431:The Guardian 1430: 1420: 1411: 1402: 1390:. Retrieved 1386: 1376: 1371:. pp. 34, 47 1364: 1352: 1340: 1335:. pp. 3-240. 1328: 1286: 1279: 1237: 1230: 1218: 1191: 1179: 1167: 1155: 1143: 1131: 1119: 1107:. Retrieved 1103: 1094: 1056: 1052: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1020: 1014: 1009: 999: 995: 971: 967: 966:(1993) that 963: 961: 954: 950: 942: 938: 928: 920: 914: 908: 902: 897: 890: 882: 876: 870: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 832: 826: 819: 811: 803: 793: 769: 761: 759: 745: 739: 730: 724: 711: 701: 699: 676: 673: 669:Christianity 664: 660: 656: 643: 641: 620: 616: 612: 608: 606: 597: 593: 589: 586:masturbation 581: 573: 567: 560: 551: 547: 543: 539: 537: 524: 498: 492: 458: 449: 434: 432: 423: 414: 412: 397: 393: 390: 385: 359: 346: 331: 317: 306: 290: 277: 266: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 208: 207: 206: 72: 4611:Historicism 4440:(1835–1840) 4406:De Officiis 4130:de Beauvoir 4100:Baudrillard 4052:Vivekananda 4042:Tocqueville 3957:Kierkegaard 3773:Ibn Khaldun 3743:Alpharabius 3634:Personalism 3543:Stewardship 3500:Reification 3495:Natural law 3416:Familialism 3382:Culturalism 3193:" (Derrida) 3174:Sapere aude 3144:Heterotopia 3084:Biopolitics 2805:anthologies 2793:(1976–2018) 1691:Porter 1996 1631:Posner 1992 1619:Paglia 1993 1583:Butler 2007 1559:duBois 1988 1487:Altman 1982 1475:Caplan 1981 1451:Murray 1995 1109:27 February 1046:ars erotica 1042:ars erotica 1019:wrote that 907:claimed in 849:ars erotica 786:Oscar Wilde 718:sociologist 602:biopolitics 550:in English— 503:Artemidorus 403:Reformation 394:ars erotica 337:, when the 4684:Categories 4616:Humanities 4576:Agnotology 4235:Kołakowski 3798:Ibn Tufayl 3778:Maimonides 3722:Thucydides 3717:Tertullian 3672:Lactantius 3567:Volksgeist 3548:Traditions 3362:Convention 3119:Dispositif 2136:. London: 1765:. pp. 1-4. 1763:Byrne 2013 1667:Welsh 1994 1655:Mason 1995 1643:Hamer 1993 1499:Greer 1985 1463:Soble 2009 1436:5 February 1392:5 February 1086:References 1075:Greek love 992:Roy Porter 949:described 875:argued in 839:argued in 837:Peter Dews 779:historian 736:Alan Soble 649:conscience 384:Part III: 378:homosexual 355:population 294:capitalism 269:capitalism 79:Translator 4656:Sociology 4606:Historism 4315:Santayana 4285:Oakeshott 4255:MacIntyre 4240:Kropotkin 4215:Heidegger 4068:centuries 3982:Nietzsche 3947:Jefferson 3932:Helvétius 3897:Condorcet 3860:centuries 3844:Montaigne 3667:Confucius 3657:Augustine 3574:Worldview 3468:Modernity 3441:Formation 3206:(Deleuze) 3183:Influence 3159:Parrhesia 3134:Genealogy 1729:. p. 130. 1717:. p. 246. 1669:. p. 128. 1621:. p. 187. 1549:. p. 205. 1547:Dews 2007 1501:. p. 198. 1477:. p. 165. 1465:. p. 118. 1359:. p. 125. 1347:. p. 310. 1314:cite book 1265:cite book 1213:. p. 139. 781:Peter Gay 696:Reception 692:imprint. 637:hypomnema 478:economics 474:dietetics 428:feudalism 370:civil law 366:canonical 298:bourgeois 222:sexuality 166:Paperback 162:Hardcover 107:Publisher 4669:Category 4581:Axiology 4569:See also 4360:Voegelin 4350:Spengler 4325:Shariati 4280:Nussbaum 4265:Maritain 4225:Irigaray 4205:Habermas 4170:Foucault 4155:Durkheim 4057:Voltaire 4022:de Staël 3997:Rousseau 3922:Franklin 3783:Muhammad 3768:Gelasius 3753:Avempace 3736:Medieval 3712:Polybius 3707:Plutarch 3473:Morality 3448:Ideology 3436:Identity 3345:Concepts 3214:(Miller) 3203:Foucault 3129:Episteme 3089:Biopower 3067:Concepts 2944:Abnormal 2891:" (1984) 2823:" (1969) 2639:22332883 2631:19308838 2598:26194957 2561:55355645 2532:Journals 2433:(1994). 2411:(2005). 2389:(2015). 2214:Foucault 1753:. p. 55. 1645:. p. 92. 1633:. p. 23. 1609:. p. 62. 1573:. p. 42. 1511:Gay 1985 1489:. p. 48. 1225:. p. 12. 1138:. p. 49. 1064:See also 824:(1978). 795:Foucault 594:Perverts 565:(1975). 557:biopower 511:Plutarch 466:Xenophon 325:— 305:'s book 195:(vol. 1) 89:Language 4410:(44 BC) 4340:Sombart 4335:Skinner 4320:Scruton 4300:Polanyi 4275:Niebuhr 4260:Marcuse 4195:Gramsci 4190:Gentile 4150:Du Bois 4140:Deleuze 4110:Benoist 4080:Agamben 4037:Thoreau 4027:Stirner 4017:Spencer 3967:Le Play 3917:Fourier 3902:Emerson 3887:Carlyle 3872:Bentham 3849:Müntzer 3819:Erasmus 3793:Plethon 3788:Photios 3748:Aquinas 3682:Mencius 3650:Ancient 3583:Schools 3463:Loyalty 3421:History 3409:Counter 3404:Culture 3372:Customs 2590:8572911 2281:Bibcode 1597:. p. 4. 1561:. p. 2. 1306:5102034 1257:5102034 994:called 896:within 482:erotics 362:married 343:confess 248:), and 224:in the 160:Print ( 97:Subject 4601:Ethics 4560:(2010) 4550:(1991) 4540:(1990) 4530:(1987) 4520:(1987) 4510:(1979) 4500:(1976) 4490:(1967) 4480:(1964) 4470:(1949) 4460:(1935) 4450:(1930) 4430:(1756) 4420:(1486) 4365:Walzer 4355:Taylor 4345:Sowell 4330:Simmel 4295:Pareto 4290:Ortega 4200:Guénon 4185:Gehlen 4180:Gandhi 4135:Debord 4120:Butler 4115:Berlin 4105:Bauman 4095:Badiou 4085:Arendt 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