723:, which killed over 1,000 people and made another 120,000 homeless. Eighty percent of the city was destroyed by the earthquake, and numerous cultural monuments were seriously damaged. The losses from the quake amounted to a massive 150% of Macedonia's GNP at the time and 15% of Yugoslavia's GNP. A major international relief effort saw the city rebuilt quickly, though much of its old neo-classical charm was lost in the process. The new master plan of the city was created by the then leading Japanese architect
361:
833:
183:
759:
454:
700:
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Mosque, Aladza Mosque and the
Mustafa Pasha Mosque. In 1555, another earthquake hit the town, destroying much of the centre. The outskirts survived and the town continued, nonetheless, to prosper with traders and travelers. Travel reports from the era number Üsküb's population anywhere between 30,000 and 60,000 inhabitants. Üsküb was briefly occupied in 1689 by the
550:
819:
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and to rebuild the beautiful 19th century Army House, the Old
National Theatre, and the Old National Bank of Macedonia – all destroyed in the 1963 earthquake. Other projects under construction are the "Macedonian Struggle" Museum, the Archeological Museum of Macedonia, National Archive of Macedonia,
496:
At the beginning of
Ottoman rule, several mosques sprang up in the city, and church lands were often seized and given to ex-soldiers, while many churches themselves were converted over time into mosques. The most impressive mosques erected during this early period include the Sultan Murat or Hjunkar
528:
of August 1903 when the native population of the region declared the emergence of the
Krusevo Republic. While the Krusevo Republic lasted only ten days before being quelled by the Ottomans, it was a sign of the beginning of the end for Ottoman rule. After 500 years of rule in the area the Ottomans
476:
Under
Ottoman rule the town moved further towards the entry point of the River Serava into the Vardar. Also the architecture of the town was changed accordingly. During the 15th century, many travelers' inns were established in the town, such as Kapan An and Suli An, which still exist today. The
505:. He and his troops did not stay for long, however, as the town was quickly engulfed by the plague. On retreating from the town Piceolomini's troops set fire to Üsküb, perhaps in order to stamp out the plague, although some say this was done in order to avenge the 1683 Ottoman siege of
398:(about 20 km southeast of present-day Skopje) in AD 483, and after Scupi was almost completely destroyed by an earthquake in AD 518. Justinian built a new town at the fertile entry point of the River Lepenec into the Vardar. Some historians believe this might be the city of
715:. The city expanded and the population grew during this period from just over 150,000 in 1945 to almost 600,000 in the early 1990s. Continuing to be prone to natural disasters the city was flooded by the Vardar River in 1962 and then suffered considerable damage from a
472:
and named it as such. At first the
Ottomans divided the greater Macedonian region into three vilayets, or districts — Üsküb (Kosovo), Manastir and Selanik – and as the northernmost of these, Üsküb was strategically important for further forays into central Europe.
418:(katepanat) Bulgaria after the fall the First Bulgarian Empire in 1018. Scupi was a thriving trading settlement but fell into decline after being hit by another devastating earthquake at the end of the 11th century. In 1189 the town was part of the Serbian realm.
565:
As the administrative centre of the region, Üsküb also administered the vilayet of
Kossovo under Ottoman rule. That did not go down well with the increasingly Albanian population of Kosovo who preferred to be ruled by Albanians rather than the Turks (whereas
516:) railway brought many more travellers and traders to the town, so that by around the start of the 20th century Üsküb had regained its former numbers of around 30,000. Towards the end of the Ottoman Empire, Üsküb, along with other towns in Macedonia –
769:
Skopje made the transition easily from the capital of the
Socialist Federal Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to the capital of today's Republic of Macedonia. The city livened up considerably when Skopje housed the headquarters of the
1103:
A monk at the Saint
Theodor Monastery on Mt. Vodno briefly recorded the date of the town's capture by the Turks: "In the 69th year (1392) the Turks took Skopje on the 6th day of the month (January 19, 1392 according to the new
1198:
The period of expansion of medieval states on the Balkan and in
Macedonia was followed by the occupation of the Ottoman Empire in the 14th century. Macedonia remained a part of the Ottoman Empire for 500 years, i.e. until
651:
The inter-war period of Royalist Yugoslavia saw significant immigration of ethnic Serbs into the region. An ethnic Serb ruling elite dominated over the rest, continuing the repression wrought by previous Turkish rulers.
275:'s rule. Most probably Scupi was founded as war camp, which became a town with a status of colony. The northward expansion of the empire in the course of the 1st century BC lead to the creation of the province of
782:
community and the Macedonian majority erupted over lack of Albanian representation in government and other social institutions. Today, Skopje is seeing a makeover in buildings, streets and shops. The new
655:
In March 1941 when Yugoslavia entered the war, there were huge anti-war demonstrations in the streets of the town. Skopje came under German occupation on 7 April 1941 and was later taken over by
971:
The Cambridge Ancient History, John Boardman, Volume 13 of The Cambridge Ancient History, Author Averil Cameron, Contributor R. C. Blockley, Publisher Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 570.
512:
For the next two centuries Üsküb's prestige waned and by the 19th century its population had dwindled to a mere 10,000. In 1873, however, the completion of the Üsküb—Selanik (now Skopje—
425:
in the middle of the 13th century. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the decline in Skopje to regain influence in the area, but lost control of it once again in 1282 to King
750:, as well as hundreds of now abandoned caravans and prefabricated mobile homes. Fortunately, though, as with previous earthquakes, much of the old Turkish side of town survived.
267:' army of 29-28 BC, may already have been stationed there, before the official imperial command in this area was instituted. Short afterwards it became part of the province of
1498:
1580:
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1169:...half of it was constructed underground, due to the 17th century edict of the Turkish Sultan that prohibited Christian structures from being higher than mosques.
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8th Evacuation Hospital in Skopje, Yugoslavia, following the earthquake in 1963. The unit was flown to the disaster site to provide medical care to the victims.
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last Serbian and Christian prince that had Skopje under control during medieval period until it fell under Ottoman Control in 1392, for the next 520 years.
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Servia by the Servians, Compiled and Edited by Alfred Stead, With a Map, London (William Heinemann), 1909. (Etnographical Map of Servia, Scale 1:2.750.000)
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18th and 19th century buildings were destroyed in the earthquake, including the National Theater and many government buildings, as well as most of the
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settlements have been found within the old Kale fortress that overlooks the modern city centre. The earliest people in Skopje Valley were probably the
875:
138:
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612:(50 km northeast of Skopje) it proved decisive in firmly driving out the Ottomans from all of Macedonia. Skopje remained occupied by the
259:
in the second century BC. Roman expansion east brought Scupi under Roman rule on the eve of the 1st century AD, but several legions from the
1294:
961:, section "1. Creation of the contemporary Macedonian state during the Second World War (1941–1945)", Centre for European Constitutional Law.
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742:. International financial aid poured into Skopje in order to help rebuild the city. As a result, came the many modern (at the time)
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Ceresnjes, Ivan (2008). "The Destruction of the Memory of Jewish Presence in Eastern Europe; a Case Study: Former Yugoslavia".
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after the fall the First Bulgarian Empire. In 1189 the town was part of the Serbian realm later becoming the capital of the
1245:
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134:
94:. The town stayed under Ottoman rule for over 500 years. During that period it was famous for its oriental architecture.
664:
422:
1623:
1602:
1587:
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237:, a Thracian tribe that received influences from Celts, Scythians and Illyrians. Later the area was populated by the
1712:
1658:
1612:
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388:
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636:, and remained so until 1939, apart from a brief period of six months in 1920 when Skopje was controlled by the
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finally conquered Skopje in 1392 beginning a 520 years period of Ottoman rule. The Ottomans pronounced the town
433:, made Skopje his capital, from which he was proclaimed Tsar in 1346, subsequently making it the capital of the
1637:
951:
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which was destroyed in the earthquake remain today as a memorial to the victims along with an adjacent museum.
684:
661:
endowed Skopje with a national theatre, a library, a museum and for higher education the King Boris University.
229:
The site of modern Skopje has been inhabited since at least 4000 BC by the local Pelasgian tribes.; remains of
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However, on 11 March 1943, Skopje's entire Jewish population of 3,286 was deported to the gas chambers of
411:
407:
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72:
1527:
Seismic Ground Motion Estimates for the M6.1 earthquake of July 26, 1963 at Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
746:
structures of the 1960s, that can still be seen today , such as the central post office building and the
485:
baths (now a modern art gallery) was built at the end of the 15th century. At this time numerous Spanish
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settled in Üsküb, adding to the cultural mix of the town and enhancing the town's trading reputation.
35:
that overlooks the modern city centre. The settlement appears to have been founded around then by the
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who could not keep Serbian Empire together and it was fragmented in many small principalities with
360:
341:
1526:
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524:) – became main hubs of rebellious movements against Ottoman rule. Üsküb was a key player in the
333:
1338:
Germany and the Second World War, Vol. 3. The Mediterranean, south-east Europe, and North Africa
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75:. It served as Bulgarian capital from 972 to 992. After 1018, it was a capital of Byzantine
60:
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in 1998 and 1999. The city saw some rioting during 2001 when internal conflict between the
182:
1683:
1665:
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Macedonia - Bradt Travel Guide, Author Thammy Evans, Publisher Bradt Travel Guides, 2010,
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739:
578:, the Ottomans were shortly expelled from the city during August 12–15, 1912 by the local
32:
24:
1694:
902:
Macedonia yesterday and today, Author Giorgio Nurigiani, Publisher Teleurope, 1967 p. 77.
784:
687:. Then it joined Yugoslavia in 1944, when it became the capital of the newly established
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Albanian irregulars at Skopje's train station after capturing the city in August 1912
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The SS hunter battalions: the hidden history of the Nazi resistance movement 1944-45
189:
was quickly gained by the Romans and remains faithful to the decline of the Empire.
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251:, the ancient name for Skopje, became the capital of Dardania, which extended from
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Constitutional Court, and a new Philharmonic Theater. The city's national stadium
675:, three Bulgarian armies re-entered occupied Yugoslavia. On November 13, units of
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241:, but in the 3rd century BC, Skopje and the surrounding area was invaded by the
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legitimated Serbian authority in contemporary Macedonia. After the outbreak of
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project, which aims to transform central Skopje into the neoclassical style.
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of 1913 when the formerly united front started to fight amongst themselves.
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It was a capital of the estate of the Bulgarian feudal lord, later Emperor
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481:(Kameni Most) – was also reconstructed during this period and the famous
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48:
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was divided into eastern and western halves in AD 395, Scupi came under
59:
was divided into eastern and western halves in 395 AD, Scupi came under
1578:
Marking the 44th anniversary of the catastrophic 1963 Skopje earthquake
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The Turks, already weak from other battles against the united front of
306:
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44:
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and became an important trading and garrison town for the region. The
1437:, Nigel Thomas, K. Mikulan, Darko Pavlović, Osprey Publishing, 1995,
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683:, as well as, detachments of the Macedonian National Liberation Army
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On This Day: 26 July; 1963: Thousands killed in Yugoslav earthquake
1184:. Embassy of the Republic of Macedonia London. 2010. Archived from
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status, and became a seat of government within the new province of
1548:
1340:(translated from German) Oxford Clarendon Press, Oxford, England,
1039:(in Bulgarian). Sofia, Veliko Tarnovo: VMRO Rousse. Archived from
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698:
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1155:. National Tourism Portal of Macedonia. July 2005. Archived from
671:. One month after the communists took power in September 1944 in
529:
were finally ousted in 1912 by the Serbian army during the first
321:. From 395 AD, it passed into the hands of the Eastern Roman (or
898:
896:
771:
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population when 15,000 Albanians marched on and captured Üsküb.
39:, a people that inhabited the region. It became the capital of
1626:
1408:
Mitrovski, Boro; Glišić, Venceslav and Ristovski, Tomo (1971)
1360:
Mitrovski, Boro; Glišić, Venceslav and Ristovski, Tomo (1971)
406:
period, the town was contested between the Byzantines and the
145:, but this trend was interrupted in 1963 when it was hit by a
71:
period, the town was contested between the Byzantines and the
1503:, Georgi Daskalov, Kliment Ohridski University, 1989, p. 113.
1182:"AN OUTLINE OF MACEDONIAN HISTORY FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO 1991"
111:
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Kingdom of Yugoslavia)
464:
Rolling back Byzantine rule across much of the Balkans, the
55:
under Roman rule on the eve of the 1st century AD. When the
787:
government elected in July 2006 has pledged to restore the
1513:
Stone & Stone, War Diary for Monday, 13 November 1944.
287:
was incorporated. After the division of the province by
51:
in the second century BC. Roman expansion east brought
986:, Author John Wilkes, Publisher Wiley-Blackwell, 1995,
1250:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 436.
437:. After his sudden death in 1355, he was succeeded by
149:. In 1991 it became the capital centre of independent
952:"Constitutional history of the Republic of Macedonia"
1500:
Bulgarian-Yugoslavian political relations, 1944-1945
1481:, Author Perry Biddiscombe, Publisher Tempus, 2006,
711:From 1945 until 1991 Skopje was the capital of the
156:Skopje was the birthplace of the noted missionary
1564:Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology
1227:) Cambridge University Press, New York, page 89,
910:
908:
1459:, Author Georgi Bakalov, TRUD Publishers, 2007,
1285:Hoover Institution Press, Stanford, California,
1695:Turkey's TAV signs deal for Macedonian airports
1598:
1596:
1388:Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut,
1307:Women & Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945
803:In January 2010, the government announced the
1386:Macedonia: warlords and rebels in the Balkans
1059:
1057:
876:"Official portal of City of Skopje – History"
869:
867:
8:
410:. From 972 to 992 it was the capital of the
1416:) Medunarodna politika, Belgrade, page 80,
1368:) Medunarodna politika, Belgrade, page 35,
800:are also being reconstructed and expanded.
31:settlements have been found within the old
1522:
1520:
1410:The Bulgarian Army in Yugoslavia 1941–1945
1362:The Bulgarian Army in Yugoslavia 1941–1945
1087:"A brief account of the history of Skopje"
1221:History of the Balkans: Twentieth Century
309:(in Moesia Superior), was formed into a
109:the city became part of the newly formed
27:, goes back to at least 4000; remains of
1414:Bugarska vojska u Jugoslaviji 1941–1945
1366:Bugarska vojska u Jugoslaviji 1941–1945
1309:Arden Press, Denver, Colorado, page 37,
1283:Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History
659:forces. During the occupation, Bulgaria
548:
540:
139:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
125:. In 1944 it became the capital city of
83:. In 1392 the city was conquered by the
863:
667:concentration camp in German-occupied
1573:
1571:
1120:. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs.
1065:"Macedonia :: The Ottoman Empire"
634:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
328:The first known bishop of the city is
133:), which was a federal state, part of
1344:, note 38 citing a Wehrmacht report,
917:World and Its Peoples – Google Böcker
628:in 1914 the town was occupied by the
344:about the middle of the 5th century (
7:
852:Albanian Declaration of Independence
608:arrived some weeks later during the
141:). The city developed rapidly after
734:Nearly all of the city's beautiful
121:, which was collaborating with the
1560:1963 Skopje (Macedonia) Earthquake
14:
1434:Axis Forces in Yugoslavia 1941-45
1089:. skopje.mk. 2010. Archived from
1036:Цар Самуил и "Българската епопея"
1456:Volume 5 of Istoria na Bŭlgarite
1305:Jancar-Webster, Barbara (1989)
1153:"The Church of St Spas - Skopje"
1132:"Jewish Virtual Library: Skopje"
831:
817:
632:. Since 1918 it was part of the
427:Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia
414:. It was a capital of Byzantine
1247:The Albanian national awakening
878:. Skopje.gov.mk. Archived from
713:Socialist Republic of Macedonia
695:Socialist Republic of Macedonia
131:Socialist Republic of Macedonia
727:. The ruins of the old Skopje
689:People's Republic of Macedonia
117:the city was conquered by the
1:
1718:History of Macedonia (region)
1603:The 1963 earthquake in Skopje
1021:Catholic Encyclopedia: Scopia
135:Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
1537:Department of Earth Sciences
920:. Marshall Cavendish. 2010.
798:Alexander the Great Airport
604:When reinforcements to the
261:Roman province of Macedonia
1734:
1613:In Your Pocket City Guides
847:Timeline of Skopje history
175:
1219:Jelavich, Barbara (1983)
553:Change of city name from
350:Archidioecesis Scopiensis
1590:, Thursday, 26 July 2007
638:Yugoslav Communist Party
439:Stephen Uroš V of Serbia
394:(AD 527–65) was born in
101:, Skopje became part of
90:and they named the town
1532:April 11, 2008, at the
1244:Skendi, Stavro (1967).
1033:Pavlov, Plamen (2002).
946:Dr. Cvetan Cvetkovski,
719:, measuring 6.1 on the
622:Treaty of London (1913)
576:Albanian revolt of 1912
1659:Macedonianfootball.com
1384:Phillips, John (2004)
1281:Rossos, Andrew (2008)
1225:History of the Balkans
839:North Macedonia portal
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429:. Milutin's grandson,
412:First Bulgarian Empire
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305:. The district called
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43:, which extended from
1541:University of Trieste
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681:Fourth Bulgarian Army
647:Vardar River in 1913.
646:
552:
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537:Balkan and World Wars
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416:administrative region
402:. During much of the
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283:'s times, into which
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147:disastrous earthquake
67:. During much of the
1093:on February 25, 2009
223:Eastern Roman Empire
214:Western Roman Empire
127:Democratic Macedonia
1188:on October 13, 2010
630:Kingdom of Bulgaria
601:, started to flee.
570:sought to join the
97:In 1913, after the
1682:2011-09-28 at the
1664:2012-03-10 at the
1643:2009-07-19 at the
1608:2008-05-13 at the
1583:2007-09-30 at the
1326:Schreiber, Gerhard
1067:. Britannica. 2010
957:2008-03-27 at the
950:, Faculty of Law,
774:intervention into
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610:Battle of Kumanovo
606:Serbian Royal Army
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547:
520:and Manastir (now
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373:
334:Council of Sardica
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1713:History of Skopje
1638:Dnevnik newspaper
1412:(translated from
1364:(translated from
1295:978-0-8179-4881-8
948:Skopje University
765:in modern Skopje.
618:Second Balkan War
614:Kingdom of Serbia
572:Kingdom of Serbia
389:Byzantine Emperor
366:Byzantine Emperor
332:, present at the
103:Kingdom of Serbia
77:theme of Bulgaria
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526:Ilinden Uprising
458:Ishak Bey Mosque
408:Bulgarian Empire
400:Justiniana Prima
364:A relief of the
342:metropolitan see
311:special province
295:was elevated to
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303:Moesia superior
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685:seized Skopje
574:). During the
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489:driven out of
487:Sephardic Jews
477:city's famous
450:
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435:Serbian Empire
404:early medieval
385:Constantinople
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119:Bulgarian Army
81:Serbian Empire
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754:Independence
733:
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568:Kosovo Serbs
564:
558:
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514:Thessaloniki
511:
495:
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479:Stone Bridge
475:
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431:Stefan Dušan
420:
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377:Roman Empire
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356:Medieval era
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205:Roman Empire
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143:World War II
123:Nazi Germans
96:
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57:Roman Empire
17:
15:
1137:January 20,
805:Skopje 2014
725:Kenzo Tange
626:World War I
616:during the
597:during the
503:Piccolomini
449:Ottoman era
369:Justinian I
172:Early phase
99:Balkan Wars
18:history of
1707:Categories
1192:August 25,
1163:August 27,
1104:calendar).
1097:August 25,
1071:August 25,
1047:2009-08-05
1009:1841622974
933:2010-06-14
886:2009-05-06
858:References
785:VMRO–DPMNE
531:Balkan War
483:Daud Pasha
383:rule from
330:Perigorius
325:) Empire.
315:Diocletian
291:in 86 AD,
243:Dardanians
63:rule from
1489:, p. 155.
1011:, p. 117.
994:, p. 213.
763:Highrises
744:brutalist
665:Treblinka
657:Bulgarian
396:Tauresium
392:Justinian
381:Byzantine
375:When the
323:Byzantine
263:from the
239:Paionians
231:Neolithic
151:Macedonia
113:. In the
61:Byzantine
37:Paionians
29:Neolithic
1680:Archived
1662:Archived
1641:Archived
1606:Archived
1581:Archived
1530:Archived
1467:, p. 567
1445:, p. 33.
1342:page 504
1287:page 135
955:Archived
811:See also
780:Albanian
595:Bulgaria
580:Albanian
561:in 1912.
501:General
499:Austrian
307:Dardania
289:Domitian
281:Augustus
273:Augustus
257:Bylazora
235:Triballi
166:Calcutta
49:Bylazora
41:Dardania
1545:Trieste
1422:3241584
1390:page 32
1374:3241584
1336:(1995)
705:US Army
559:Skoplje
518:Krusevo
336:(343).
319:Naissus
298:colonia
271:during
265:Crassus
253:Naissus
137:(later
129:(later
85:Ottoman
45:Naissus
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1271:Zum.de
1254:
1231:
1118:No. 75
1007:
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776:Kosovo
669:Poland
591:Serbia
587:Greece
522:Bitola
507:Vienna
277:Moesia
269:Moesia
221:
219:
212:
210:
203:
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194:
192:
20:Skopje
1549:Italy
677:First
673:Sofia
555:Üsküb
491:Spain
470:Üsküb
346:Latin
338:Scupi
293:Scupi
285:Scupi
248:Scupi
187:Scupi
178:Scupi
92:Üsküb
88:Turks
53:Scupi
1483:ISBN
1461:ISBN
1439:ISBN
1418:OCLC
1394:ISBN
1370:OCLC
1346:ISBN
1332:and
1311:ISBN
1291:ISBN
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1199:1912
1194:2010
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988:ISBN
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772:NATO
679:and
593:and
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1627:BBC
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279:in
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