1553:
62:
76:
300:
4606:
2496:
325:
2280:
1046:, led by Henry, was a debacle. Failing to take the city in a series of assaults, the Portuguese siege camp was soon itself surrounded and starved into submission by a Moroccan relief army. In the resulting treaty, Henry promised to deliver Ceuta back to the Marinids in return for allowing the Portuguese army to depart unmolested. Duarte's youngest brother, Ferdinand, was handed over to the Marinids as a hostage for the final handover of the city.
369:
1001:
798:
3861:
3471:
1381:
2126:
1833:
1722:
1145:
2212:
1262:
2077:. The limited capacity for cargo and crew were their main drawbacks, but did not hinder its success. Limited crew and cargo space was acceptable, initially, because as exploratory ships, their "cargo" was what was in the explorer's feedback of a new territory, which only took up the space of one person. Among the famous caravels are
1244:, nearly all of the library's records were destroyed, but an extra copy available in Goa was transferred to Lisbon Tower of Tombo during the following 100 years. The Corpo Cronológico (Chronological Corpus), a collection of manuscripts on the Portuguese explorations and discoveries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, was inscribed on
1627:(Communal Granaries) were inaugurated in 1576 on Sebastian's orders. These were lending institutions intended to help to poor farmers when farm production decreased, giving credit, lending seeds and commodities to the needy, and allowing them to pay back with farm products when they recovered from losses.
3395:
Gomes was obligated to pledge a small percentage of his profits to the royal treasury. Starting from Sierra Leone in 1469, this monetarily motivated entrepreneurial explorer spent the next five years extending
Portugal's claims even further than he had been required, reaching as far south as Cape St.
1940:
and experts in naval technology appeared in
Portugal. The Portuguese government impelled this even further by taking full advantage of this and by creating several important research centres in Portugal, where Portuguese and foreign experts made several breakthroughs in the fields of mathematics,
2104:
and were provided with cannon windows, which led to the classification of "naus" according to the power of its artillery. They were also adapted to the increasing maritime trade: from 200 tons capacity in the 15th century to 500, they become impressive in the 16th century, having usually two
2000:
963:
Contemporaneous writers describe John as a man of wit, very keen on concentrating power on himself, but at the same time with a benevolent and kind personality. His love for knowledge and culture was passed to his sons, often collectively referred to by
Portuguese historians as the
2250:
in the
Atlantic, and the determination of latitude led to the discovery of the best ocean route back from Africa: crossing the Central Atlantic to the latitude of the Azores, using the permanent favorable winds and currents that spin clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere because of
1239:
as early as 1480, thus explaining his wish in 1494 at the signing of the Treaty of
Tordesillas to push the line of influence further west. Many historians suspect that the real documents would have been placed in the Library of Lisbon. Unfortunately, due to the fire following the
1575:
through diplomatic efforts. He also restructured much of the administrative, judicial and military life in his kingdom. In 1568, Sebastian created scholarships to provide financial assistance to students who wished to study medicine or pharmacy at the
1509:. Sebastian succeeded to the throne at the age of three, on the death of King John III, his paternal grandfather. Soon after his birth, his mother Joanna of Spain left her infant son to serve as Regent of Spain for her father, Emperor
1892:
in 1453, barring
European access, and going through North Africa and the historically important combined-land-sea routes via the Red Sea. Both spice and silk were big businesses of the day, and arguably, spices which were used as
1619:
was attacked by the Indian army, but the
Portuguese were successful in repulsing the assault. Also in 1570, Sebastian ordered that Brazilian Indians should not be used as slaves and ordered the release of those held in captivity.
2756:
between
Portugal and Spain divided the world into two parts, Spain claiming all non-Christian lands west of a north–south line 370 leagues west of the Azores, Portugal claiming all non-Christian lands east of that
1316:, in 1476, he fought an indecisive battle that made him realize that his claims to the Castilian throne were not achievable. However, Portugal defeated Castile in the naval war (1475–79) of the same conflict (
1252:
in 2007 in recognition of its historical value "for acquiring knowledge of the political, diplomatic, military, economic and religious history of numerous countries at the time of the
Portuguese Discoveries."
1595:
to help the
Portuguese doctors fight the plague. He created two hospitals in Lisbon to take care of the afflicted. In his concern for the widows and orphans of those killed by the plague, he created several
2397:, the king's youngest brother. Ferdinand, known as "the Constant", from the fortitude with which he endured captivity, died unransomed in 1443. By sea Prince Henry's captains continued their exploration of
6757:
2365:, of which he was the head, and the best information and most accurate instruments and maps that could be obtained. He sought to effect a meeting with the half-fabulous Christian Empire of "
2429:. This was probably the farthest point reached before the Navigator died in 1460. Another vector of the discoveries were the voyages westward, during which the Portuguese discovered the
1089:
stimulated the commercial energy of the Portuguese. It had become clear that, apart from their religious and scientific aspects, these voyages of discovery were highly profitable. Under
6910:
1368:; and eighty other members of the aristocracy were executed afterwards. Thus John "the Perfect," as he was called, assured the supremacy of the Crown. He was succeeded in 1495 by
2349:(Goa ~ 1520 – ~ 1580), whose work has extraordinary quality and beauty, giving him a reputation as one of the best cartographers of the time. Many of his charts are large scale.
2069:, a development based on existing fishing boats. They were agile and easier to navigate, with a tonnage of 50 to 160 tons and 1 to 3 masts, with lateen triangular sails allowing
4347:
2183:), precious tools for oceanic navigation, which have experienced a remarkable diffusion in the fifteenth century. These tables revolutionized navigation, allowing to calculate
3408:
2640:
1460 — Death of Prince Henry, the Navigator. His systematic mapping of the Atlantic reached 8° N on the African Coast and 40° W in the Atlantic (Sargasso Sea) in his lifetime.
3760:
1289:, who contrived to secure the sympathy of the king and the dismissal of the regent. The quarrel led to civil war, and on 20 May 1449, D. Pedro was defeated and killed at the
1466:
spanned almost 1 billion acres (about 4 million square kilometers). During his reign, the Portuguese became the first Europeans to make contact with both China, under the
2445:
The effort to colonize and maintain territories scattered around the entire coast of Africa and its surrounding islands, Brazil, India and Indic territories such as in
1552:
61:
1360:(1481) empowered judges nominated by the Crown to administer justice in all feudal domains. The nobles resisted this infringement of their rights, but their leader,
6500:
6490:
1419:(r. 1495–1521) proved a worthy successor to his cousin John II, supporting Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic Ocean and the development of Portuguese commerce.
1920:(a symptom of an economy dependent upon Portugal's), while specialised crops occupied former grain-growing areas: vineyards, olives, or the sugar factories of the
1220:). The treaty was chiefly valuable to the Portuguese as a recognition of the prestige they had acquired. That prestige was enormously enhanced when, in 1497–1499,
6716:
1936:.) A constant exchange of cultural ideals made Portugal a centre of knowledge and technological development. Due to these connections with Islamic kingdoms, many
6704:
1933:
1411:
were his main priority in government, pushing south the known coast of Africa with the purpose of discovering the maritime route to India and breaking into the
826:
1732:
1805:. Faced with the options of either accessing other European markets by sea (by exploiting its seafaring prowess) or by land (and facing the task of crossing
6925:
4605:
75:
4899:
1478:). John III abandoned Muslim territories in North Africa in favor of trade with India and investment in Brazil. In Europe, he improved relations with the
6711:
6622:
6605:
1346:. Finding, as he said, that the liberality of former kings had left the Crown "no estates except the high roads of Portugal," he determined to crush the
570:
390:
2993:) and the news of the "White King" to the interior and west, the Inca emperor – and the axe of silver obtained from the natives and offered to the king
701:
984:, the duke of Viseu, invested heavily in science and the development of nautical pursuits. In 1430, John's only surviving daughter, Isabella, married
3580:
4995:
4945:
2666:
1743:
6920:
6610:
4340:
4274:
3182:
2361:
that coordinated and utilized all these tendencies towards expansion. Prince Henry placed at the disposal of his captains the vast resources of the
6371:
3125:
divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal, stipulating that the dividing line should lie 297.5 leagues or 17° east of the Moluccas.
2259:, facilitating the way to Lisbon and thus enabling the Portuguese venturing increasingly farther from shore, the maneuver that became known as the
1042:
were both against the initiative; they preferred to avoid conflict with the king of Morocco. Their instincts proved to be justified. The resulting
6485:
3339:
in 1475 when his contract expired Rui de Sequeira had reached Cabo Santa Caterina (Cape Saint Catherine) south of the equator and the Gabon River.
3207:
1522:
1506:
1431:
1208:
xxxi.147–176, Lisbon, 1881), so the treaty was subject to very diverse interpretations. On its provisions were based both the Portuguese claim to
2853:
in the fleet of the first viceroy sailed south in the Atlantic to were "water and even wine froze" discovering an island named after him, modern
1634:
decreased the time for handling legal actions, regulated the action of lawyers, scribes and other court officials, and created fines for delays.
6885:
6860:
6627:
6381:
4244:
3367:
and about the same time Lopo Gonçalves crossed the Equator, while Ruy de Sequeira went on to Cape St. Catherine, two degrees south of the line.
952:
in 1415. By this step he aimed to control navigation of the African coast. But in the broader perspective, this was the first step opening the
6915:
6647:
6533:
6281:
4009:
3512:
3332:
2417:; and slave trading soon became the most profitable branch of Portuguese commerce, until India was reached. The Senegal was reached in 1445,
1967:
The successive expeditions and experience of the pilots led to a fairly rapid evolution of Portuguese nautical science, creating an elite of
1408:
3695:
1854:
1380:
1372:, who was named "the Great" or "the Fortunate," because in his reign the sea route to India was discovered and a Portuguese Empire founded.
3947:
3906:
3775:
3750:
2176:
in 1471, starting the celestial navigation on this constellation. But the results varied throughout the year, which required corrections.
580:
565:
543:
2676:
establishes Portuguese control of the Azores, Guinea, ElMina, Madeira and Cape Verde Islands and Castilian control of the Canary Islands.
2330:", in 1519. They were considered the best cartographers of their time, with Emperor Charles V wanting them to work for him. In 1517 King
2030:
and did not have the capabilities to overcome the navigational difficulties associated with Southward oceanic exploration, as the strong
5548:
4333:
4060:
4004:
1885:
1039:
685:
6737:
6475:
4300:
4078:
3593:
2814:
discovered an island they named after St Lawrence after the saint on whose feast day they had first sighted the island later known as
1912:
states. A money economy was well enough established for 15th century workers in the countryside as well as in the towns to be paid in
691:
2874:
1506 — Tristão da Cunha discovered the island that bears his name. Portuguese sailors become the first Europeans to reach Madagascar.
6905:
6900:
6840:
6762:
6061:
3532:
3388:
3360:
3281:
3254:
1761:
1693:
1672:
1654:
1019:
985:
965:
859:; "golden century") and the "Portuguese Renaissance". During this period, Portugal was the first European power to begin building a
819:
6391:
3412:
6699:
6480:
1658:
948:
acceded in 1390 and ruled in peace, pursuing the economic development of his realm. The only significant military action was the
520:
1580:. In 1569, Sebastian ordered Duarte Nunes de Leão to compile all the laws and legal documents of the kingdom in a collection of
6890:
6470:
6340:
3916:
2113:
castles fore and aft, two to four masts with overlapping sails. In India travels in the sixteenth century there were also used
1793:
was the ideal environment to raise generations of adventurous seamen. As a seafaring people in the south-westernmost region of
1502:
1317:
746:
2381:. The concept of an ocean route to India appears to have originated after his death. On land he again defeated the Moors, who
6617:
4088:
3610:
1297:
were renewed and extended on so lavish a scale that the Braganza estates alone comprised about a third of the whole kingdom.
1274:
1180:
issued on May 4, 1493. The treaty gave to Portugal all lands that might be discovered east of a straight line drawn from the
977:
888:
788:
765:
2839:
1857:
independence, the nation's leadership had also a desire for fresh conquests. Added to this was a long struggle to expel the
1269:
While the Crown was thus acquiring new possessions, its authority in Portugal was temporarily overshadowed by the growth of
3244:
2661:
crossed the Equator. The southern hemisphere was discovered and the sailors began to be guided by a new constellation, the
6742:
6721:
6294:
6255:
3962:
3921:
3886:
3795:
3573:
3484:
3271:
2600:
1679:
joined the crowns of Castile, Portugal and Aragon along with their respective colonial possessions, under the rule of the
1510:
1361:
730:
709:
620:
6850:
6767:
6642:
6268:
6242:
4269:
4112:
4050:
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3831:
1905:
1838:
1249:
812:
750:
734:
647:
475:
445:
348:
2481:
countries were in fact fake documents with fake dates and faked facts, to mislead any other nation's possible efforts.
2341:
In the third phase of the former Portuguese nautical cartography, characterized by the abandonment of the influence of
1876:
One important reason was the need to overcome the expensive eastern trade routes, dominated first by the republics of
1517:. Joanna remained in Spain until her death in 1573, never to see her son again. Since Sebastian was still a child, the
6632:
4254:
3982:
3896:
3790:
3705:
3690:
3480:
1014:, the colony at Ceuta rapidly became a drain on the Portuguese treasury, and it was realised that without the city of
615:
470:
438:
305:
149:
3489:
2586:
1638:
1342:
His successor, John II (1481–1495), reverted to the policy of matrimonial alliances with Castile and friendship with
224:
6895:
6855:
6814:
6654:
6637:
3911:
3881:
3765:
3735:
3323:
Collins, Robert O.; Burns, James M. (2007). "Part II, Chapter 12: The arrival of Europeans in sub-Saharan Africa".
3143:
3136:
3016:
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2540:
2495:
2394:
2362:
2358:
2144:
was already known, guided by the sun position. For celestial navigation the Portuguese, like other Europeans, used
1023:
550:
395:
1932:
dynasty that had come to power in 1385 marked the semi-eclipse of the conservative land-oriented aristocracy (See
6835:
6819:
6804:
6799:
6676:
6526:
3901:
3841:
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3780:
3192:
2512:
1273:
privilege. After the death of Edward, further attempts to curb the power of the nobles were made by his brother,
919:). The Portuguese Renaissance produced a plethora of poets, historians, critics, theologians, and moralists. The
754:
696:
605:
585:
2673:
1685:
The unification of the peninsula had long been a goal of the region's monarchs with the intent of restoring the
1332:
6794:
4184:
4149:
4129:
3987:
3952:
3700:
3566:
2386:
1043:
1011:
868:
742:
400:
81:
3173:(missing data on Ormuz – from Socotra to Basra, including Muscat, Bahrain, islands in Strait of Hormuz, etc.)
3043:
2393:(1433–1438), the Portuguese army was defeated, and could only escape destruction by surrendering as a hostage
1201:
3444:
6845:
4212:
4159:
4134:
4040:
3999:
3992:
3805:
2882:
2797:
2544:
2252:
2200:
1662:
1642:
1526:
659:
237:
183:
2283:
Pre-mercator navigation chart of the Coast of Africa (1571), by Fernão Vaz Dourado (Torre do Tombo, Lisbon)
2065:
The ship that truly launched the first phase of the Portuguese discoveries along the African coast was the
6350:
5795:
5441:
4239:
3967:
3800:
3745:
3740:
3720:
3147:
2860:
2786:
2490:
2345:'s representation of the East and more accuracy in the representation of lands and continents, stands out
1962:
1889:
1779:
1328:
1290:
1241:
1035:
844:
653:
560:
510:
2654:
2169:
1704:'s spice trade was peaking at the start of this period. It continued to enjoy widespread influence after
6809:
6747:
6659:
6149:
4768:
4725:
4655:
4234:
4164:
4139:
4098:
4014:
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2644:
2555:
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2153:
1901:
and preservatives was something of a necessity—at least to those Europeans of better than modest means.
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1538:
1494:
1193:
1169:
1165:
1060:
884:
772:
738:
610:
108:
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480:
1300:
An unwise foreign policy simultaneously injured the royal prestige, for Afonso married his own niece,
6585:
6519:
5919:
5454:
4259:
4169:
3935:
3810:
3078:), in present-day Bolivia. He was the first European to do so, accomplishing this eight years before
3024:
2994:
2832:
2331:
2141:
1423:
1416:
1369:
1365:
1301:
1282:
1157:
1090:
679:
530:
415:
137:
6694:
6317:
5939:
4293:
4204:
4179:
4154:
4093:
4068:
4028:
3685:
3679:
3601:
3122:
2986:
2974:
2928:
2908:
2618:
2533:
2422:
2117:, large merchant ships with a high edge and three masts with square sails, that reached 2000 tons.
2092:
also large ships developed. "Nau" was the Portuguese archaic synonym for any large ship, primarily
2042:
easily overwhelmed their abilities. They are associated with the earliest discoveries, such as the
1404:
1396:
1364:, was beheaded for high treason in 1483; in 1484 the king stabbed to death his own brother-in-law,
1305:
1270:
1110:
1004:
981:
934:
930:
852:
840:
725:
672:
633:
598:
493:
357:
255:
104:
42:
3433:
2477:
about every trade route and every colony. As a consequence, many documents that could reach other
2469:
was a challenge for a population of only one million. Combined with constant competition from the
2370:
2279:
1999:
6671:
6575:
5850:
4431:
4222:
4217:
4144:
4073:
4055:
3668:
3116:
3009:
2548:
2390:
2303:
in 1485 representing the Western Europe and parts of Africa, reflecting the explorations made by
1877:
1686:
1568:
1542:
1514:
1294:
1102:
973:
945:
864:
777:
465:
420:
385:
168:
2710:
1916:. The agriculture of the countryside had diversified to the point where grain was imported from
1462:. As a result, John III has been called the "Grocer King". On the eve of his death in 1557, the
1200:
were so inexact, however, that the line of demarcation could not in practice be determined (see
1227:
The tendency to secrecy and falsification of dates casts doubts about the authenticity of many
17:
6777:
6666:
6580:
5736:
5019:
5012:
4966:
4841:
4735:
4477:
4418:
4356:
4309:
4264:
4249:
4194:
4174:
4124:
4045:
3891:
3715:
3528:
3508:
3384:
3356:
3328:
3277:
3250:
3218:
3212:
3104:
3079:
3051:
2970:
2963:
2939:
2897:
2886:
2864:
2824:
2804:
2729:
2625:
2508:
1988:
1881:
1701:
1572:
1564:
1534:
1530:
1463:
1352:
1173:
1134:
949:
926:
872:
641:
555:
515:
460:
211:
142:
130:
2589:
discovered Garnet Bay (Angra dos Ruivos) and the latter reached the Gold River (Rio de Ouro).
6752:
6495:
5985:
5961:
5929:
5381:
4976:
4189:
3673:
3158:
3154:
3090:
3005:
2893:
2843:
2634:
2603:
granted Henry the Navigator the monopoly of navigation, war and trade in the lands south of
1826:
1806:
1775:
1697:
1546:
1471:
1321:
1309:
1286:
1122:
989:
957:
912:
455:
378:
67:
6558:
6307:
6229:
5583:
4565:
4314:
4227:
4083:
3977:
3548:
3166:
3096:
3032:
2959:
2725:
2706:
2569:
2565:
1422 — Cape Nao, the limit of Moorish navigation is passed as the African Coast is mapped.
2288:
2256:
1946:
1925:
1810:
1435:
1228:
1130:
892:
860:
802:
259:
118:
2593:
2499:
Portuguese discoveries and explorations: first arrival places and dates; main Portuguese
2820:
1502 — Returning from India, Vasco da Gama discovers the Amirante Islands (Seychelles).
5860:
5699:
5142:
5102:
4798:
4526:
4405:
3755:
2662:
2526:
2402:
2374:
2296:
2223:
2188:
2165:
2133:
2074:
2051:
1976:
1790:
1680:
1676:
1459:
1400:
1313:
1231:. Several historians have hypothesized that John II may have known of the existence of
1094:
368:
3527:, Bombay : Thacker, 1878, pp. 47–48. Reprinted 1986, Asian Educational Services,
2977:
reached the La Plata estuary or even perhaps the Gulf of San Matias in 42°S in modern
2326:, they participated in the making of the atlas known as "Lopo Homem-Reinés Atlas" or "
2230:
information (in these were discovered the archipelagos of Madeira and the Azores, and
1196:. Spain received the lands discovered west of this line. The known means of measuring
6879:
5709:
5665:
5296:
5183:
4464:
3730:
3475:
3187:
3039:
3020:
2916:
2878:
2779:
2688:
2658:
2292:
2239:
2227:
2196:
2173:
2093:
2039:
2023:
1980:
1937:
1929:
1789:
Portugal's long shoreline, with its many harbours and rivers flowing westward to the
1705:
1666:
1498:
1479:
1236:
1221:
1189:
988:, and enjoyed an extremely refined court culture in his lands; she was the mother of
848:
525:
505:
318:
271:
2295:
at the service of Prince Henry. However the oldest signed Portuguese sea chart is a
2026:). These boats were small and fragile, with only one mast with a fixed quadrangular
1000:
5886:
5246:
5066:
4778:
3770:
3042:
explored the Rio de la Plata in service to Spain, as a member of the expedition of
3028:
2943:
2920:
2854:
2828:
2790:
2746:
2733:
2714:
2604:
2504:
2430:
2426:
2406:
2366:
2327:
2319:
2300:
2262:
2247:
2231:
2222:
Besides coastal exploration, Portuguese also made trips off in the ocean to gather
2216:
1942:
1475:
1467:
1168:
of the Spanish and Portuguese spheres of exploration. This was accomplished by the
1138:
980:, the Duke of Coimbra, was one of the most learned princes of his time; and Prince
908:
896:
575:
3027:
to sail to China to formally open relations between the Portuguese Empire and the
2827:
set out for New England in search of his brother, Gaspar. João da Nova discovered
2680:
2304:
1118:
3298:
2307:. Reinel was also author of the first nautical chart known with an indication of
6568:
6542:
6172:
5652:
5629:
5616:
5362:
5226:
5132:
4678:
3628:
3618:
3067:
2500:
2434:
2291:, son of the Catalan cartographer Abraham Cresques have been one of the notable
2243:
2157:
2125:
2106:
1984:
1968:
1850:
1802:
1513:. After his abdication in 1556, she served in the same capacity for her brother
1447:
1412:
1389:
1217:
1161:
2054:, and to the early exploration of the north west African coast as far south as
1608:(shelter of the children), and provided wet nurses to take care of the babies.
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6414:
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5966:
5306:
5266:
4889:
4821:
4689:
3663:
3653:
3470:
3132:
3108:
3086:
3063:
2951:
2815:
2811:
2768:. During their voyage they discovered the land to which they gave the name of
2695:
2611:
2418:
2334:
handed Lopo Homem a charter giving him the privilege to certify and amend all
2323:
2059:
1972:
1870:
1832:
1177:
1144:
1126:
1101:), and three expeditions (1458, 1461 and 1471) were sent to Morocco; in 1471
953:
904:
903:, sending the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to
900:
450:
3409:"Corpo Cronológico (Collection of Manuscripts on the Portuguese Discoveries)"
6060:
1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent
5675:
5485:
4539:
4513:
4441:
3658:
3638:
3633:
3197:
3112:
3100:
2978:
2947:
2868:
2765:
2576:
2462:
2446:
2378:
2312:
2180:
2149:
2129:
1483:
1197:
1185:
916:
410:
405:
2807:
made his first voyage to Newfoundland, formerly known as Terras Corte-Real.
2650:
1461 — Diogo Afonso discovered the western islands of the Cape Verde group.
2572:
discovered the Azores, which was colonized in 1431 by Gonçalo Velho Cabral.
2211:
1591:
During the great plague of Lisbon in 1569, Sebastian sent for doctors from
911:, at the same time installing trading posts and the most important colony:
2989:, the financier of the expedition, bears witness to the trip to La Plata (
1117:, the modern Elmina, was founded for the protection of the Guinea trade.
6427:
6162:
5909:
5772:
5749:
5726:
5573:
5537:
5157:
4788:
4552:
3860:
3643:
3623:
3589:
3202:
3055:
2932:
2769:
2718:
2687:(Congo) and placed a landmark there. Explored 150 km upriver to the
2579:
sailed round Cape Bojador, thus destroying the legends of the ‘Dark Sea’.
2450:
2308:
2184:
2011:
1913:
1894:
1862:
1818:
1798:
1443:
1357:
1213:
266:
2582:
1434 — the 32 point compass-card replaces the 12 points used until then.
1632:
Da nova ordem do juízo, sobre o abreviar das demandas, e execução dellas
6110:
6039:
5996:
5873:
5606:
5500:
5203:
5152:
4932:
4863:
4811:
4758:
4454:
3059:
2699:
2559:
2536:, orders the first expeditions to the African Coast and Canary Islands.
2474:
2342:
2335:
2114:
2089:
2070:
2066:
2043:
2004:
1950:
1921:
1917:
1814:
1592:
1563:
During Sebastian's short personal reign, he strengthened ties with the
1343:
1336:
1261:
1149:
1106:
1070:
1031:
1027:
1015:
880:
125:
3128:
1536 — Pedro A. Campos discovers Barbados, and finds it uninhabitable.
2789:
explores the South Atlantic and the South American Coast North of the
2728:, crowning 50 years of effort and methodical expeditions, rounded the
2529:
with additional expeditions in 1340 and 1341, though this is disputed.
1869:
seemed to the Portuguese both their natural destiny and their duty as
1438:. John III's policy of reinforcing Portugal's bases in India (such as
6563:
6124:
5899:
5593:
5426:
5405:
5256:
5161:
5122:
5112:
4910:
4852:
4712:
4645:
4578:
4500:
3162:
3047:
2478:
2414:
2410:
2398:
2192:
2097:
2055:
2047:
2015:
1909:
1843:
1794:
1518:
1455:
1451:
1347:
1278:
1245:
1232:
1209:
1181:
1114:
1086:
1066:
876:
851:
in the late 16th century has been named the "Portuguese golden age" (
425:
94:
4325:
3558:
3411:. UNESCO Memory of the World Programme. May 16, 2008. Archived from
1813:
territory) it is not surprising that goods were sent via the sea to
3474: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2950:, although he may not have been the first to do so; expeditions by
1637:
Sebastian disappeared (and was presumably killed in action) in the
6006:
5642:
5563:
5513:
5392:
5286:
5276:
5193:
5173:
5089:
5079:
5005:
4831:
4699:
4395:
3648:
3075:
3071:
3001:
2924:
2912:
2684:
2494:
2470:
2466:
2458:
2454:
2278:
2210:
2164:, for measuring at sea the height of the sun and other stars. The
2124:
2110:
2035:
2027:
1998:
1866:
1858:
1831:
1822:
1708:
had finally reached the East by sailing around Africa in 1497–98.
1551:
1379:
1074:
3351:
Arthur Percival, Newton (1970) . "Vasco da Gama and The Indies".
2742:
1490 — Columbus leaves for Spain after his father-in-law's death.
5236:
2782:
led the first fleet around Africa to India, arriving in Calicut.
2630:
1452 — Diogo de Teive discovers the Islands of Flores and Corvo.
2621:
sailed beyond Cabo Verde and reached Cabo dos Mastros (Cape Red)
2235:
2145:
2101:
2031:
1987:
with studies on how to determine the latitudes by the stars and
1898:
1427:
1082:
1078:
6515:
6201:
6080:
5822:
5333:
5038:
4617:
4367:
4329:
3562:
3447:, "Vanguard of the Empire", Oxford University Press, 1993, p.30
2010:
Until the 15th century, the Portuguese were limited to coastal
6511:
5467:
3379:
Koch, Peter O. (2003). "Following the Dream of Prince Henry".
2168:
become a reference upon arrival at the Southern hemisphere by
1715:
1616:
1439:
1172:(June 7, 1494), which modified the delimitation authorized by
6758:
Norwegian Scientific Expedition to Tristan Da Cunha 1937-1938
1285:(1439–1448). The head of the aristocratic opposition was the
6211:
6090:
5832:
5343:
5048:
4627:
4377:
2736:. They had found the "Flat Mountain" of Ptolemy's Geography.
2156:, which they made easier and simpler. They also created the
3381:
To the Ends of the Earth: The Age of the European Explorers
2962:
named the islands of Réunion, Mauritius, and Rodrigues the
2643:
1461 — Diogo Gomes and António Noli discovered more of the
1615:, that would become a military organization model. In 1570
1320:), capturing a large Castilian fleet -full of gold- in the
6064:. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized.
2713:
traveled overland from Lisbon in search of the Kingdom of
1861:
that was religiously sanctioned and influenced by foreign
960:
with Portuguese explorers sailing across the whole world.
2981:
between 1511 and 1514 (1512) according to the manuscript
2775:
1494 — First boats fitted with cannon doors and topsails.
2195:
in 1496, were used along with its improved astrolabe, by
3066:
and even managed to penetrate the outer defenses of the
1426:(r. 1521–1557), Portuguese possessions were extended in
3525:
Historical and Archaeological Sketch of the City of Goa
1739:
3246:
Women, Crime, and Forgiveness in Early Modern Portugal
2373:), and, in alliance with that potentate, to crush the
2187:. The tables of the Almanach Perpetuum, by astronomer
2100:
that plagued the coasts, they began to be used in the
1888:, and then controlled by the Ottoman Empire after the
3000:
1513 — The first trading ship to touch the coasts of
2624:
1446 — Álvaro Fernandes reached the northern Part of
2179:
To this the Portuguese used the astronomical tables (
1908:
had benefited from its connections with neighbouring
1339:
and Portugal won the hegemony in the Atlantic Ocean.
875:) as well as several Atlantic archipelagos (like the
3460:, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, p. 28.
3062:. Aleixo Garcia was the first European to cross the
3050:– leading an expedition of some Europeans and 2,000
929:(printed 1516) is taken to mark the transition from
6828:
6787:
6776:
6730:
6687:
6596:
6549:
4203:
4111:
4027:
3934:
3868:
3824:
3761:
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
3609:
3600:
2485:
Portuguese discoveries and explorations (1415–1543)
2073:. The caravel benefited from a greater capacity to
1486:, hoping that this would bolster Portuguese trade.
1403:exploration, reviving the work of his great-uncle,
265:
251:
234:
221:
208:
196:
177:
162:
148:
136:
124:
114:
100:
90:
29:
3396:Catherine before his contract came up for renewal.
2958:in 1507 may have encountered the islands. In 1528
899:and established trading routes throughout most of
2835:discovered the island which still bears his name.
2739:1489/92 — South Atlantic Voyages to map the winds
1801:became natural leaders of exploration during the
1399:(r. 1481–1495) famously restored the policies of
3507:, p.520-521, University of Chicago Press, 1994,
3458:Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415 -1580
2599:1443 — Nuno Tristão penetrated the Arguim Gulf.
1034:. The expedition was not unanimously supported:
920:
34:
6501:Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia
6491:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago
1521:was handled first by his paternal grandmother,
1152:in 1471, from the Pastrana series of tapestries
867:Portuguese sailors and explorers discovered an
6911:Portuguese exploration in the Age of Discovery
6717:Timeline of maritime migration and exploration
3161:as a reward for services rendered against the
2409:was rounded; in 1434 the first consignment of
1865:with a desire for martial fame. Making war on
1497:was the penultimate Portuguese monarch of the
1018:, possession of Ceuta was worthless. In 1437,
6705:Major explorations after the Age of Discovery
6527:
4341:
3574:
3434:DEBATE SOBRE LA IDENTIDAD DE ESPAÑA. El Mundo
1934:The Consolidation of the Monarchy in Portugal
1645:triggering the Portuguese succession crisis.
1611:Sebastian created laws for the military, the
956:to medieval Europe, which in fact led to the
847:of the early 15th century to the fall of the
820:
8:
3103:islands, that he names after his countryman
976:, the future king, was a poet and a writer;
3327:. Cambridge University Press. p. 179.
6784:
6712:Chronology of European exploration of Asia
6623:European maritime exploration of Australia
6606:Chronology of European exploration of Asia
6534:
6520:
6512:
6198:
6077:
5819:
5330:
5035:
4614:
4364:
4348:
4334:
4326:
4117:
4033:
3940:
3874:
3606:
3581:
3567:
3559:
3503:Donald Frederick Lach, Edwin J. Van Kley,
3150:became the first Europeans to reach Japan.
2311:in 1504 and the first representation of a
1700:monarchs was a period of transition. The
1097:was explored as far as Cape St Catherine (
1065:Meanwhile, colonization progressed in the
827:
813:
342:
26:
3243:Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene (March 9, 2016).
2669:is also attributed to these same sailors.
2421:was passed in the same year, and in 1446
1762:Learn how and when to remove this message
1026:persuaded him to launch an attack on the
6611:History of European exploration in Tibet
3183:Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery
2525:1336 — Possible first expedition to the
2520:Chronology of the Portuguese discoveries
1529:. During this period Portugal continued
1525:, and then by his great-uncle, Cardinal
1350:nobility and seize its territories. The
1260:
1143:
999:
6486:Portuguese colonization of the Americas
3493:. London and New York: Frederick Warne.
3383:. McFarland & Company. p. 62.
3235:
3208:Portuguese colonization of the Americas
3107:, he explored and named the islands of
2637:discovers the first Cape Verde Islands.
1733:not related to the topic of the article
1093:(1443–1481), surnamed the African, the
950:siege and conquest of the city of Ceuta
787:
356:
345:
6628:European land exploration of Australia
3270:Alves-Calhoun, Donna (July 27, 2009).
2800:discovered Brazil on his way to India.
2562:, which at once began to be colonized.
6648:European colonization of the Americas
2871:) and established a settlement there.
1335:, by which Joanna was relegated to a
233:
220:
207:
203:
176:
161:
157:
147:
7:
5008:) and small temporary coastal bases.
2985:in the Fugger archives of the time.
2863:made the first Portuguese voyage to
2838:1503 — On his return from the East,
2369:" by way of the "Western Nile" (the
1649:Dynastic crisis and union with Spain
1109:were captured from the Moors. Under
31:Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
3046:, and later – from Santa Catarina,
2896:is the first European to visit the
2433:and possibly sighted the shores of
2022:(ancient cargo vessels used in the
1842:("Monument to the Discoveries") in
1293:. Thenceforward the grants made by
6926:1578 disestablishments in Portugal
6738:1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition
6476:Evolution of the Portuguese Empire
3146:, Francisco Zeimoto, and possibly
2885:. On the crossing he also reached
2665:. The discovery of the islands of
1941:cartography and naval technology.
1641:in 1578, after the brief reign of
1557:D. Sebastião I. R. de Portugal XVI
1081:were now produced; above all, the
25:
6763:Operation Sunshine (USS Nautilus)
4900:São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin
3273:Portuguese Community of San Diego
2003:A modern replica of a Portuguese
1928:(Braudel 1985). Most of all, the
1692:The history of Portugal from the
1655:1580 Portuguese succession crisis
1604:(shelter of Santa Marta) and the
1430:and in the New World through the
1206:Journal das Ciências Matemáticas,
986:Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy
566:Imperial decline, war, and revolt
36:Reyno de Portugal et dos Algarues
6700:Timeline of European exploration
6481:Portuguese colonial architecture
6082:North America and North Atlantic
4946:Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe
4604:
3859:
3469:
2745:1492 — First exploration of the
2614:reached Cape Green (Cabo Verde).
1720:
1659:War of the Portuguese Succession
796:
686:Processo Revolucionário Em Curso
521:War of the Portuguese Succession
367:
323:
298:
74:
60:
6921:1415 establishments in Portugal
6471:Armorial of Portuguese colonies
3751:History of Portugal (1777–1834)
3355:. Ayer Publishing. p. 48.
3325:A History of Sub-Saharan Africa
2088:With the start of long oceanic
1673:Portuguese crisis of succession
1545:, as well as the annexation of
1503:John Manuel, Prince of Portugal
1318:War of the Castilian Succession
1224:completed the voyage to India.
1137:in 1488, thus proving that the
18:History of Portugal (1415–1542)
2983:Newen Zeytung auss Pressilandt
1953:become famous as such places.
1630:In 1577 Sebastian's ordinance
1376:Imperial expansion (1481–1557)
1036:Infante Peter, Duke of Coimbra
1:
6886:History of Portugal by period
6743:Austrian expedition to Brazil
6722:Timeline of space exploration
5501:Portuguese Paliacate outpost
2904:after the conquest of Malaca.
1742:or discuss this issue on the
1362:Fernando II, Duke of Braganza
1308:, and claimed the kingdom of
1212:and the Spanish claim to the
6916:Maritime history of Portugal
6768:Whitney South Sea Expedition
6643:Exploration of North America
6243:Captaincy Colonies of Brazil
6036: • 1938–1941
6013: • 1890–1999
6003: • 1851–1999
5993: • 1864–1999
5893: • 1578–1650
5880: • 1576–1605
5867: • 1522–1575
5792: • 1779–1954
5769: • 1687–1749
5706: • 1598–1610
5696: • 1579–1632
5672: • 1568–1659
5662: • 1559–1961
5649: • 1548–1658
5639: • 1540–1612
5626: • 1536–1662
5613: • 1535–1739
5590: • 1534–1661
5580: • 1534–1601
5570: • 1531–1571
5560: • 1531–1571
5544: • 1528–1666
5534: • 1523–1662
5510: • 1521–1740
5497: • 1518–1619
5464: • 1510–1961
5451: • 1507–1657
5438: • 1502–1661
5416: • 1502–1658
5402: • 1501–1663
5389: • 1500–1663
3553:The Perspective of the World
3505:Asia in the Making of Europe
2554:1420 — The same sailors and
1924:, later to be reproduced in
1386:Chronica d'El-Rei D. João II
1250:Memory of the World Register
1113:(1481–1495) the fortress of
648:Portugal during World War II
476:Portuguese House of Burgundy
446:Umayyad conquest of Hispania
6633:Exploration of the Americas
6203:South America and Caribbean
2683:reached the estuary of the
2534:Prince Henry, the Navigator
2507:(blue); territories of the
2425:pushed on almost as far as
2318:With his son, cartographer
2148:navigation tools, like the
2136:in Almanach Perpetuum, 1496
1957:Portuguese nautical science
1602:Recolhimento de Santa Marta
1005:Prince Henry, the Navigator
616:Portugal during World War I
306:Portugal in the Middle Ages
6942:
6655:Exploration of the Pacific
6638:Settlement of the Americas
6351:Nova Colónia do Sacramento
5430:(Coulão / Kollam)
4501:Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué
3353:The Great Age of Discovery
3303:World History Encyclopedia
2946:, he also encountered the
2762:João Fernandes, the Farmer
2488:
2359:Prince Henry the Navigator
2140:In the thirteenth century
1960:
1890:conquest of Constantinople
1773:
1652:
1156:After 1492 the arrival of
1058:
935:modern Portuguese language
396:Roman conquest of Hispania
6466:
6208:
6197:
6087:
6076:
5829:
5818:
5552:(Porto Grande De Bengala)
5340:
5329:
5045:
5034:
4624:
4613:
4602:
4374:
4363:
4287:
4120:
4036:
3943:
3877:
3857:
3523:José Nicolau da Fonseca,
3193:List of Portuguese people
3157:given to Portugal by the
2942:discovered the island of
2694:1484 — Diogo Cão reached
2558:discovered the island of
2473:this led to a desire for
2383:attempted to retake Ceuta
2268:
1839:Padrão dos Descobrimentos
1600:(shelters), known as the
1275:D. Pedro, duke of Coimbra
1265:King Afonso V of Portugal
895:. They also explored the
277:
247:
204:
192:
158:
56:
51:
6906:16th century in Portugal
6901:15th century in Portugal
4061:Exclusive Economic Zone
3948:Administrative divisions
3490:The Nuttall Encyclopædia
3031:during the reign of the
2764:, and Pedro Barcelos to
2587:Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia
2515:rule (1521–1557) (green)
2389:, undertaken in 1437 by
1639:battle of Alcácer Quibir
1606:Recolhimento dos Meninos
1470:, and Japan, during the
401:Romanization of Hispania
225:Battle of Alcácer Quibir
6382:Grão-Pará and Rio Negro
6301: • 1621–1815
6288: • 1578–1607
6275: • 1572–1578
6262: • 1572–1578
6249: • 1549–1572
6236: • 1534–1549
5603: • 1535
5475: • 1512–1525
5143:Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)
3776:Constitutional monarchy
3137:João Rodrigues Cabrilho
3017:Fernão Pires de Andrade
3012:later in the same year.
2883:Diogo Lopes de Sequeira
2551:, in the Madeira group.
2253:atmospheric circulation
1785:Reasons for exploration
1694:dynastic crisis in 1578
1663:Battle of Ksar El Kebir
1432:Portuguese colonization
1409:Portuguese explorations
1281:during the minority of
1188:, at a distance of 370
1141:was accessible by sea.
692:Transition to democracy
660:Portuguese Colonial War
581:Constitutional Monarchy
561:Great Lisbon earthquake
6891:Portuguese Renaissance
6372:Grão-Pará and Maranhão
5796:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
4079:Science and technology
3746:1761 Lisbon earthquake
3741:1755 Lisbon earthquake
2787:Duarte Pacheco Pereira
2516:
2491:Portuguese discoveries
2284:
2219:
2215:Map of the five major
2137:
2007:
1963:Portuguese Renaissance
1846:
1780:Portuguese discoveries
1560:
1393:
1331:and Afonso signed the
1329:Ferdinand and Isabella
1291:Battle of Alfarrobeira
1266:
1218:History of East Indies
1153:
1007:
966:illustrious generation
921:
869:eastern route to India
845:Illustrious Generation
511:Portuguese Renaissance
35:
6748:Challenger expedition
6660:Polynesian navigation
6062:invasion by Indonesia
5824:East Asia and Oceania
4996:São Tomé and Príncipe
4769:Portuguese Mozambique
4726:Portuguese Gold Coast
3781:Republican Revolution
3726:Treaty of Tordesillas
3711:Portuguese golden age
3696:1383–1385 interregnum
3415:on September 18, 2008
2956:Afonso de Albuquerque
2902:Afonso de Albuquerque
2754:Treaty of Tordesillas
2667:São Tomé and Príncipe
2585:1435 — Gil Eanes and
2556:Bartolomeu Perestrelo
2498:
2387:expedition to Tangier
2357:It was the genius of
2282:
2214:
2128:
2083:Caravela Annunciation
2002:
1961:Further information:
1835:
1731:may contain material
1578:University of Coimbra
1555:
1495:Sebastian of Portugal
1442:) secured Portugal's
1383:
1264:
1170:Treaty of Tordesillas
1164:rendered desirable a
1147:
1061:Treaty of Tordesillas
1055:Treaty of Tordesillas
1003:
611:Monarchy of the North
109:Old Modern Portuguese
101:Common languages
6851:Underwater explorers
6788:By country of origin
4275:World Heritage Sites
3811:Carnation Revolution
3131:1542 — The coast of
3085:1526 — Discovery of
3070:on the hills of the
3025:Manuel I of Portugal
2966:, after Mascarenhas.
2900:(Thailand), sent by
2798:Pedro Álvares Cabral
2545:Tristão Vaz Teixeira
2541:João Gonçalves Zarco
2338:needles in vessels.
2332:Manuel I of Portugal
2234:). The knowledge of
2201:Pedro Álvares Cabral
2142:celestial navigation
2121:Celestial navigation
1740:improve this section
1588:(Sebastian's code).
1523:Catherine of Austria
1501:. He was the son of
1366:Diogo, Duke of Viseu
1312:in her name. At the
1283:Afonso V of Portugal
1158:Christopher Columbus
1125:in 1482 and reached
680:Carnation Revolution
531:Dutch-Portuguese War
6695:Chinese exploration
4715:(São Jorge da Mina)
4566:São João da Mamora
4408:(El Qsar es Seghir)
3686:Kingdom of Portugal
3680:Manifestis Probatum
3148:Fernão Mendes Pinto
3123:Treaty of Saragossa
2987:Christopher de Haro
2861:Lourenço de Almeida
2674:Treaty of Alcáçovas
2596:reached Cape White.
2385:in 1418; but in an
2353:Henry the Navigator
2287:It is thought that
1983:, among them stood
1687:Visigothic monarchy
1586:Código Sebastiânico
1405:Henry the Navigator
1333:Treaty of Alcáçovas
1306:Henry IV of Castile
1257:Afonsine Ordinances
1202:J. de Andrade Corvo
1099:Cabo Santa Catarina
982:Henry the Navigator
841:Kingdom of Portugal
839:The history of the
803:Portugal portal
256:Portuguese dinheiro
238:Death of Henrique I
105:Galician-Portuguese
6428:Portuguese Guiana
6392:Maranhão and Piauí
6040:Lapa and Montanha
5851:Portuguese Malacca
5737:Portuguese Ceylon
5691:(Portuguese India)
5529:(Portuguese India)
5160: •
4619:Sub-Saharan Africa
4089:Telecommunications
3766:Liberal Revolution
3669:County of Portugal
3299:"Portuguese Macao"
3297:Cartwright, Mark.
3044:Juan Díaz de Solís
3010:Rafael Perestrello
2772:(lavrador, farmer)
2645:Cape Verde Islands
2549:Porto Santo island
2517:
2441:Portuguese in Asia
2437:well before 1492.
2347:Fernão Vaz Dourado
2285:
2255:and the effect of
2220:
2207:Sailing techniques
2138:
2008:
1906:Portuguese economy
1847:
1582:Leis Extravagantes
1561:
1531:colonial expansion
1515:Philip II of Spain
1394:
1267:
1242:earthquake of 1755
1154:
1085:brought home from
1008:
946:John I of Portugal
871:(that rounded the
865:Age of Exploration
501:Imperial expansion
466:County of Portugal
421:Visigothic Kingdom
386:Prehistoric Iberia
6896:Portuguese Empire
6873:
6872:
6869:
6868:
6509:
6508:
6462:
6461:
6456:
6455:
6449:
6448:
6397:
6396:
6356:
6355:
6323:
6322:
6193:
6192:
6187:
6186:
6178:
6177:
6132:
6131:
6072:
6071:
6055:
6054:
6048:
6047:
6030:Portuguese Macau
6022:
6021:
5975:
5974:
5945:
5944:
5814:
5813:
5808:
5807:
5801:
5800:
5786:Portuguese India
5778:
5777:
5763:Portuguese India
5755:
5754:
5718:
5717:
5681:
5680:
5519:
5518:
5373:
5372:
5363:Laccadive Islands
5325:
5324:
5319:
5318:
5312:
5311:
5209:
5208:
5030:
5029:
5020:Portuguese Angola
5013:Portuguese Guinea
4989:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4967:Portuguese Guinea
4951:
4950:
4917:
4916:
4872:
4871:
4842:Portuguese Angola
4741:
4740:
4736:Mascarene Islands
4600:
4599:
4594:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4483:
4482:
4451:1487–16th century
4357:Portuguese Empire
4323:
4322:
4283:
4282:
4107:
4106:
4023:
4022:
4010:Political parties
3963:Foreign relations
3930:
3929:
3892:Iberian Peninsula
3855:
3854:
3701:Treaty of Windsor
3513:978-0-226-46731-3
3334:978-0-521-86746-7
3219:Portuguese people
3213:Portuguese Empire
3165:who infested the
3105:Pedro Mascarenhas
3080:Francisco Pizarro
2964:Mascarene Islands
2940:Pedro Mascarenhas
2833:Fernão de Noronha
2825:Miguel Corte-Real
2805:Gaspar Corte-Real
2760:1495 — Voyage of
2730:Cape of Good Hope
2626:Portuguese Guinea
2509:Portuguese empire
2377:and liberate the
2269:return of the sea
2014:navigation using
1849:Having fought to
1772:
1771:
1764:
1702:Portuguese Empire
1565:Holy Roman Empire
1507:Joanna of Austria
1464:Portuguese empire
1353:Portuguese Cortes
1174:Pope Alexander VI
1135:Cape of Good Hope
1121:, discovered the
1115:São Jorge da Mina
1044:attack on Tangier
1020:Duarte's brothers
927:Garcia de Resende
922:Cancioneiro Geral
889:the African coast
873:Cape of Good Hope
837:
836:
710:COVID-19 pandemic
642:Ditadura Nacional
571:Transfer of Court
556:House of Braganza
516:Portuguese Empire
461:Almoravid dynasty
391:Pre-Roman Peoples
339:
338:
335:
334:
331:
330:
311:
310:
212:Conquest of Ceuta
188:
179:• 1578–1580
173:
164:• 1415–1433
143:Absolute Monarchy
16:(Redirected from
6933:
6836:Circumnavigators
6785:
6753:Dana expeditions
6536:
6529:
6522:
6513:
6496:Portuguese India
6444:
6431:
6418:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6306:
6293:
6280:
6267:
6254:
6241:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6212:
6199:
6153:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6091:
6078:
6043:
6033:
6032:
6028:
5990:
5989:
5986:Portuguese Macau
5983:
5971:
5970:
5962:Portuguese Timor
5954:
5953:
5951:
5898:
5885:
5872:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5833:
5820:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5766:
5765:
5761:
5740:
5720:
5719:
5713:
5685:
5684:
5656:
5633:
5620:
5597:
5553:
5523:
5522:
5504:
5490:
5479:
5458:
5445:
5444:(Cochin de Cima)
5431:
5420:
5409:
5396:
5386:
5385:
5382:Portuguese India
5379:
5367:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5344:
5331:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5165:
5093:
5070:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5049:
5036:
4977:Portuguese Congo
4960:
4959:
4957:
4936:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4913:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4867:
4855:
4802:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4716:
4703:
4681:
4669:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4628:
4615:
4608:
4582:
4569:
4556:
4543:
4530:
4529:(Souira Guedima)
4517:
4504:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4468:
4445:
4422:
4409:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4378:
4365:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4327:
4303:
4296:
4118:
4064:
4051:Economic history
4034:
3941:
3875:
3863:
3674:Treaty of Zamora
3607:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3560:
3549:Braudel, Fernand
3536:
3521:
3515:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3473:
3467:
3461:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3240:
3159:Emperor of China
3091:Jorge de Meneses
2929:Francisco Serrão
2909:António de Abreu
2894:Duarte Fernandes
2844:Ascension Island
2732:and entered the
2655:João de Santarém
2635:Alvise Cadamosto
2619:Álvaro Fernandes
2423:Álvaro Fernandes
2395:Prince Ferdinand
2270:
2170:João de Santarém
1827:Hanseatic league
1776:Age of Discovery
1767:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1698:Braganza Dynasty
1681:Habsburg dynasty
1505:, and his wife,
1472:Muromachi period
1384:King John II in
1322:Battle of Guinea
1287:Duke of Braganza
990:Charles the Bold
958:Age of Discovery
924:
913:Portuguese Macau
887:) and colonized
829:
822:
815:
801:
800:
799:
778:Madeiran history
714:
706:
702:Financial crisis
621:1926 coup d'état
494:Age of Discovery
481:1383–1385 Crisis
456:Gharb Al-Andalus
371:
361:
343:
327:
326:
315:
314:
302:
301:
295:
294:
279:
278:
186:
171:
78:
64:
46:
38:
27:
21:
6941:
6940:
6936:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6931:
6930:
6876:
6875:
6874:
6865:
6861:Space travelers
6846:Polar explorers
6824:
6779:
6772:
6726:
6683:
6598:
6592:
6551:
6545:
6540:
6510:
6505:
6458:
6457:
6442:
6429:
6416:
6401:
6358:
6327:
6304:
6291:
6278:
6265:
6252:
6239:
6216:
6204:
6189:
6188:
6151:
6136:
6095:
6083:
6068:
6067:
6056:
6041:
6029:
6024:
5984:
5979:
5964:
5960:
5947:
5896:
5883:
5870:
5837:
5825:
5810:
5809:
5785:
5780:
5762:
5757:
5738:
5712:(Machilipatnam)
5711:
5654:
5631:
5618:
5595:
5584:Salsette Island
5555:
5551:
5550:
5502:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5481:
5477:
5476:
5456:
5443:
5433:
5429:
5428:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5407:
5394:
5380:
5375:
5369:
5365:
5364:
5348:
5336:
5321:
5320:
5213:
5155:
5091:
5068:
5053:
5041:
5026:
5025:
5022:from the 1920s.
4990:
4953:
4934:
4919:
4909:
4876:
4865:
4851:
4800:
4745:
4714:
4701:
4677:
4665:
4632:
4620:
4609:
4596:
4595:
4580:
4567:
4554:
4541:
4528:
4515:
4502:
4487:
4466:
4443:
4420:
4407:
4406:Alcácer Ceguer
4382:
4370:
4359:
4354:
4324:
4319:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4279:
4255:Public holidays
4199:
4103:
4062:
4019:
3983:Law enforcement
3926:
3864:
3851:
3820:
3736:Restoration War
3596:
3587:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3522:
3518:
3502:
3498:
3483:, ed. (1907). "
3479:
3468:
3464:
3455:
3451:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3391:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3363:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3335:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3307:
3305:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3284:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3257:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3179:
3097:Diogo Rodrigues
3052:Guaraní Indians
3033:Zhengde Emperor
3023:were chosen by
2960:Diogo Rodrigues
2898:Kingdom of Siam
2851:Gonçalo Álvares
2840:Estêvão da Gama
2726:Bartolomeu Dias
2711:Pero da Covilhã
2707:Afonso de Paiva
2570:Diogo de Silves
2522:
2493:
2487:
2443:
2413:was brought to
2363:Order of Christ
2355:
2289:Jehuda Cresques
2277:
2209:
2191:, published in
2123:
2058:in the current
1997:
1965:
1959:
1787:
1782:
1774:Main articles:
1768:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1737:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1669:
1653:Main articles:
1651:
1625:Celeiros Comuns
1492:
1392:, c. 1497–1504.
1378:
1277:, who acted as
1259:
1229:primary sources
1131:Bartolomeu Dias
1063:
1057:
1052:
998:
970:Ínclita Geração
943:
861:colonial empire
833:
797:
795:
783:
782:
773:Azorean history
768:
758:
757:
728:
718:
717:
712:
704:
675:
665:
664:
636:
634:Second Republic
626:
625:
601:
591:
590:
586:1910 Revolution
551:Restoration War
546:
536:
535:
496:
486:
485:
441:
431:
430:
381:
359:
352:
324:
299:
260:Portuguese real
243:31 January 1580
240:
227:
214:
180:
165:
86:
85:
84:
79:
71:
70:
65:
47:
40:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6939:
6937:
6929:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6878:
6877:
6871:
6870:
6867:
6866:
6864:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6832:
6830:
6829:By environment
6826:
6825:
6823:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6791:
6789:
6782:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6734:
6732:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6708:
6707:
6697:
6691:
6689:
6685:
6684:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6679:
6674:
6664:
6663:
6662:
6652:
6651:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6614:
6613:
6602:
6600:
6597:Exploration by
6594:
6593:
6591:
6590:
6589:
6588:
6578:
6573:
6572:
6571:
6561:
6555:
6553:
6550:Exploration by
6547:
6546:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6531:
6524:
6516:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6454:
6453:
6447:
6446:
6438:
6434:
6433:
6425:
6421:
6420:
6412:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6389:
6385:
6384:
6379:
6375:
6374:
6369:
6354:
6353:
6348:
6344:
6343:
6338:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6315:
6311:
6310:
6302:
6298:
6297:
6289:
6285:
6284:
6282:Rio de Janeiro
6276:
6272:
6271:
6263:
6259:
6258:
6250:
6246:
6245:
6237:
6233:
6232:
6227:
6210:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6202:
6195:
6194:
6191:
6190:
6185:
6184:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6170:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6156:
6155:
6152:(Newfoundland)
6147:
6133:
6130:
6129:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6106:
6089:
6088:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6074:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6057:
6053:
6052:
6046:
6045:
6037:
6020:
6019:
6014:
6010:
6009:
6004:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5958:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5933:
5932:
5927:
5923:
5922:
5917:
5913:
5912:
5907:
5903:
5902:
5894:
5890:
5889:
5881:
5877:
5876:
5868:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5831:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5823:
5816:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5805:
5799:
5798:
5793:
5776:
5775:
5770:
5753:
5752:
5747:
5743:
5742:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5716:
5715:
5707:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5693:
5692:
5689:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5673:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5659:
5658:
5650:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5636:
5635:
5627:
5623:
5622:
5614:
5610:
5609:
5604:
5600:
5599:
5591:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5557:
5556:
5547:
5545:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5507:
5506:
5498:
5494:
5493:
5484:
5482:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5452:
5448:
5447:
5439:
5435:
5434:
5425:
5423:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5403:
5399:
5398:
5390:
5371:
5370:
5361:
5359:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5334:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5270:
5269:
5264:
5260:
5259:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5187:
5186:
5181:
5177:
5176:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5150:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5096:
5095:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5073:
5072:
5069:(Bandar Abbas)
5064:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5039:
5032:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5016:
5009:
5002:
4999:
4991:
4987:
4986:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4939:
4938:
4930:
4915:
4914:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4861:
4857:
4856:
4849:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4697:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4683:
4682:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4611:
4610:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4576:
4572:
4571:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4524:
4520:
4519:
4511:
4507:
4506:
4498:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4471:
4470:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4448:
4447:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4403:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4330:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4305:
4304:
4297:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4220:
4215:
4209:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4084:Stock Exchange
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3816:Third Republic
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3786:First Republic
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3756:Peninsular War
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3516:
3496:
3462:
3456:B. W. Diffie,
3449:
3437:
3426:
3400:
3389:
3371:
3361:
3343:
3333:
3315:
3289:
3282:
3262:
3255:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3151:
3140:
3129:
3126:
3119:
3093:
3083:
3036:
3013:
2998:
2971:João de Lisboa
2967:
2936:
2905:
2890:
2875:
2872:
2857:
2847:
2836:
2821:
2818:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2783:
2776:
2773:
2758:
2750:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2722:
2703:
2692:
2677:
2670:
2663:Southern Cross
2651:
2648:
2641:
2638:
2631:
2628:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2552:
2537:
2530:
2527:Canary Islands
2521:
2518:
2503:routes in the
2489:Main article:
2486:
2483:
2442:
2439:
2403:Atlantic Ocean
2354:
2351:
2276:
2273:
2224:meteorological
2208:
2205:
2189:Abraham Zacuto
2166:Southern Cross
2134:Abraham Zacuto
2122:
2119:
2094:merchant ships
2040:ocean currents
1996:
1993:
1989:João de Castro
1977:mathematicians
1958:
1955:
1938:mathematicians
1791:Atlantic Ocean
1786:
1783:
1770:
1769:
1728:
1726:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1677:dynastic union
1671:Following the
1650:
1647:
1527:Henry of Évora
1491:
1488:
1460:Maluku Islands
1377:
1374:
1314:Battle of Toro
1304:, daughter of
1258:
1255:
1095:Gulf of Guinea
1059:Main article:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
997:
994:
942:
939:
931:Old Portuguese
863:as during the
857:Século de Ouro
835:
834:
832:
831:
824:
817:
809:
806:
805:
792:
791:
785:
784:
781:
780:
775:
769:
764:
763:
760:
759:
729:
724:
723:
720:
719:
716:
715:
707:
699:
697:Third Republic
694:
689:
682:
676:
673:Third Republic
671:
670:
667:
666:
663:
662:
657:
650:
645:
637:
632:
631:
628:
627:
624:
623:
618:
613:
608:
606:First Republic
602:
599:First Republic
597:
596:
593:
592:
589:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
547:
542:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
497:
492:
491:
488:
487:
484:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
442:
437:
436:
433:
432:
429:
428:
423:
418:
416:Suebic Kingdom
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
382:
377:
376:
373:
372:
364:
363:
354:
353:
346:
337:
336:
333:
332:
329:
328:
321:
312:
309:
308:
303:
291:
290:
285:
275:
274:
269:
263:
262:
253:
249:
248:
245:
244:
241:
235:
232:
231:
228:
222:
219:
218:
217:14 August 1415
215:
209:
206:
205:
202:
201:
198:
194:
193:
190:
189:
181:
178:
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174:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:
152:
146:
145:
140:
134:
133:
128:
122:
121:
119:Roman Catholic
116:
112:
111:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
80:
73:
72:
66:
59:
58:
57:
54:
53:
49:
48:
33:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6938:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
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6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6883:
6881:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6833:
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6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
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6790:
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6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
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6723:
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6715:
6713:
6710:
6706:
6703:
6702:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6686:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6668:
6665:
6661:
6658:
6657:
6656:
6653:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6607:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6595:
6587:
6584:
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6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6570:
6567:
6566:
6565:
6562:
6560:
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6554:
6548:
6544:
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6532:
6530:
6525:
6523:
6518:
6517:
6514:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6468:
6465:
6452:
6445:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6432:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6419:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6399:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6383:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6373:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6352:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6342:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6325:
6319:
6316:
6313:
6312:
6309:
6303:
6300:
6299:
6296:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6283:
6277:
6274:
6273:
6270:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6257:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6244:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6231:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6214:
6213:
6207:
6200:
6196:
6183:
6180:
6174:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6164:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6154:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6134:
6128:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6114:
6113:
6112:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6093:
6092:
6086:
6079:
6075:
6063:
6059:
6058:
6051:
6044:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6031:
6027:
6018:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5968:
5963:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5888:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5875:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5835:
5834:
5828:
5821:
5817:
5804:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5787:
5783:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5764:
5760:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5741:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5714:
5710:Masulipatnam
5708:
5705:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5683:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5667:
5666:Daman and Diu
5664:
5661:
5660:
5657:
5655:(Thoothukudi)
5651:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5634:
5632:(Kodungallur)
5628:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5619:(Vasai-Virar)
5615:
5612:
5611:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5521:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5505:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5483:
5473:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5459:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5446:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5432:
5424:
5414:
5413:
5410:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5397:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5368:
5366:(Lakshadweep)
5360:
5357:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5346:
5345:
5339:
5332:
5328:
5315:
5308:
5307:Bandar-e Kong
5305:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5297:Dibba Al-Hisn
5295:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5159:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5051:
5050:
5044:
5037:
5033:
5021:
5017:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4993:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4937:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4874:
4868:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4743:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4700:Fernando Poo
4698:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4630:
4629:
4623:
4616:
4612:
4607:
4590:
4583:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4485:
4479:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4380:
4379:
4373:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4351:
4346:
4344:
4339:
4337:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3862:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3731:Iberian Union
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3706:Consolidation
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3584:
3579:
3577:
3572:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3534:
3533:81-206-0207-2
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3476:public domain
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3283:9781439638163
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3256:9781134777587
3252:
3249:. Routledge.
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3188:Naval history
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3102:
3099:explores the
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3040:Aleixo Garcia
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3018:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3006:Jorge Álvares
3003:
2999:
2996:
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2988:
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2975:Estevão Frois
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2917:Banda Islands
2914:
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2879:Bay of Bengal
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2689:Yellala Falls
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2664:
2660:
2659:Pedro Escobar
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2513:King John III
2510:
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2376:
2372:
2371:Sénégal River
2368:
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2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2293:cartographers
2290:
2281:
2274:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2248:oceanic gyres
2245:
2241:
2238:patterns and
2237:
2233:
2229:
2228:oceanographic
2225:
2218:
2217:oceanic gyres
2213:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:Vasco da Gama
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2174:Pedro Escobar
2171:
2167:
2163:
2162:cane of Jacob
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2127:
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2118:
2116:
2112:
2108:
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2099:
2096:. Due to the
2095:
2091:
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2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
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2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2046:Islands, the
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2024:Mediterranean
2021:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2001:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1981:cartographers
1978:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1886:Mediterranean
1883:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1868:
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1860:
1856:
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1845:
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1792:
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1745:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1729:This section
1727:
1718:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1706:Vasco da Gama
1703:
1699:
1696:to the first
1695:
1690:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1667:Iberian Union
1664:
1660:
1656:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1613:Lei das Armas
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1598:Recolhimentos
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1558:
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1540:
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1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1499:House of Aviz
1496:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1480:Baltic region
1477:
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1469:
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1254:
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1243:
1238:
1237:North America
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1222:Vasco da Gama
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
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1037:
1033:
1030:sultanate of
1029:
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1021:
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987:
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940:
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932:
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923:
918:
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906:
902:
901:southern Asia
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
849:House of Aviz
846:
842:
830:
825:
823:
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816:
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804:
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526:Iberian Union
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
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506:House of Aviz
504:
502:
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344:
341:
322:
320:
319:Iberian Union
317:
316:
313:
307:
304:
297:
296:
293:
292:
289:
286:
284:
281:
280:
276:
273:
270:
268:
267:ISO 3166 code
264:
261:
257:
254:
250:
246:
242:
239:
230:4 August 1578
229:
226:
216:
213:
199:
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191:
185:
182:
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167:
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144:
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93:
89:
83:
77:
69:
63:
55:
50:
44:
37:
28:
19:
6450:
6403:19th century
6402:
6400:
6360:18th century
6359:
6357:
6329:17th century
6328:
6326:
6218:16th century
6217:
6215:
6181:
6138:16th century
6137:
6135:
6123:
6122:
6109:
6108:
6097:15th century
6096:
6094:
6049:
6026:20th century
6025:
6023:
5981:19th century
5980:
5978:
5949:17th century
5948:
5946:
5839:16th century
5838:
5836:
5802:
5782:18th century
5781:
5779:
5759:17th century
5758:
5756:
5457:(Nagapatnam)
5377:16th century
5376:
5374:
5350:15th century
5349:
5347:
5313:
5215:17th century
5214:
5212:
5184:Tarut Island
5055:16th century
5054:
5052:
5040:Middle East
5006:Anosy Region
4983:
4955:19th century
4954:
4952:
4921:18th century
4920:
4918:
4878:17th century
4877:
4875:
4779:Saint Helena
4747:16th century
4746:
4744:
4634:15th century
4633:
4631:
4588:
4489:16th century
4488:
4486:
4384:15th century
4383:
4381:
4369:North Africa
4213:Architecture
4185:Prostitution
4150:Homelessness
4130:Demographics
4046:Central bank
3988:Human rights
3953:Constitution
3806:Overseas War
3771:Liberal Wars
3710:
3678:
3552:
3524:
3519:
3504:
3499:
3488:
3465:
3457:
3452:
3440:
3429:
3419:December 14,
3417:. Retrieved
3413:the original
3403:
3394:
3380:
3374:
3366:
3352:
3346:
3338:
3324:
3318:
3306:. Retrieved
3302:
3292:
3272:
3265:
3245:
3238:
3172:
3144:António Mota
3135:explored by
3029:Ming Dynasty
2991:Rio da Prata
2990:
2982:
2944:Diego Garcia
2931:reached the
2921:Ambon Island
2915:and reached
2913:Timor island
2855:Gough Island
2829:Saint Helena
2791:Amazon River
2747:Indian Ocean
2734:Indian Ocean
2715:Prester John
2605:Cape Bojador
2601:Prince Pedro
2594:Nuno Tristão
2505:Indian Ocean
2444:
2431:Sargasso Sea
2427:Sierra Leone
2407:Cape Bojador
2367:Prester John
2356:
2340:
2328:Miller Atlas
2320:Jorge Reinel
2317:
2301:Pedro Reinel
2286:
2263:volta do mar
2260:
2232:Sargasso Sea
2221:
2178:
2161:
2139:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2064:
2019:
2009:
1966:
1903:
1875:
1848:
1837:
1788:
1758:
1749:
1738:Please help
1730:
1712:Explorations
1691:
1684:
1670:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1562:
1556:
1493:
1476:Nanban trade
1468:Ming Dynasty
1421:
1395:
1385:
1351:
1341:
1326:
1299:
1271:aristocratic
1268:
1226:
1205:
1184:Pole to the
1166:delimitation
1155:
1148:Conquest of
1139:Indian Ocean
1133:doubled the
1098:
1064:
1040:Infante John
1009:
969:
962:
944:
897:Indian Ocean
856:
838:
684:
652:
640:
576:Liberal Wars
500:
340:
288:Succeeded by
287:
282:
82:Coat of arms
6731:Expeditions
6569:Cave diving
6552:environment
6543:Exploration
6441:Upper Peru
6415:Cisplatina
6173:Nova Scotia
6150:Terra Nova
5739:(Sri Lanka)
5630:Cranganore
5489:(Kozhikode)
5442:Pallipuram
5227:Khor Fakkan
5180:1521?–1551?
5004:A factory (
4542:(El Jadida)
4516:(Essaouira)
4444:(El Jadida)
4160:Immigration
4135:Drug policy
4041:Agriculture
3917:Earthquakes
3801:Estado Novo
3791:World War I
3721:Renaissance
3629:Lusitanians
3619:Oestriminis
3481:Wood, James
3445:Roger Smith
3276:. Arcadia.
3215:(1415–2002)
3068:Inca Empire
3054:, explored
2911:discovered
2881:crossed by
2877:1509 — The
2842:discovered
2752:1494 — The
2698:, south of
2547:discovered
2501:spice trade
2435:Nova Scotia
2391:King Edward
2275:Cartography
2244:trade winds
2158:cross-staff
2038:and strong
1985:Pedro Nunes
1969:astronomers
1803:Middle Ages
1490:Sebastian I
1448:spice trade
1413:spice trade
1390:Rui de Pina
1162:West Indies
1012:king Edward
713:(2020–2023)
705:(2010–2014)
654:Estado Novo
471:Reconquista
358:History of
283:Preceded by
6880:Categories
6805:Portuguese
6677:Antarctica
6169:1516–1579?
6159:1500–1579?
6146:1500–1579?
6017:Ilha Verde
5967:East Timor
5653:Tuticorin
5549:Chittagong
5455:Negapatam
5406:Cannanore
5335:South Asia
5170:1521–1529?
5139:1515–1633?
5015:from 1879.
4998:from 1753.
4890:Ziguinchor
4822:Madagascar
4656:Cape Verde
4555:(Azemmour)
4235:Literature
4005:Parliament
3968:Government
3796:28 de Maio
3664:Al-Andalus
3308:October 7,
3225:References
3133:California
3087:New Guinea
3021:Tomé Pires
2952:Diogo Dias
2816:Madagascar
2812:Diogo Dias
2696:Walvis Bay
2612:Dinis Dias
2419:Cape Verde
2405:. In 1433
2324:Lopo Homem
2267:(English:
2060:Mauritania
1973:navigators
1871:Christians
1799:Portuguese
1643:King Henry
1539:Mozambique
1194:Cape Verde
1127:Cape Cross
1038:, and the
1022:Henry and
954:Arab world
905:Ming China
885:Cape Verde
853:Portuguese
544:Bragantine
451:Al-Andalus
184:Henrique I
138:Government
131:Portuguese
126:Demonym(s)
43:Portuguese
6856:Seafarers
6780:explorers
6688:Timelines
6443:(Bolivia)
6424:1809–1817
6417:(Uruguay)
6411:1808–1822
6388:1772–1775
6378:1772–1775
6368:1751–1772
6347:1680–1777
6337:1621–1751
6314:1536–1620
6226:1500–1822
6042:(Hengqin)
5957:1642–1975
5936:1580–1586
5926:1557–1999
5920:Larantuka
5916:1515–1859
5906:1512–1665
5857:1512–1621
5847:1511–1641
5746:1558–1573
5733:1518–1658
5723:1518–1521
5676:Mangalore
5503:(Pulicat)
5421:1659–1661
5358:1498–1545
5293:1624–1648
5243:1621–1622
5200:1588–1648
5190:1550–1551
5149:1521–1602
5119:1515–1650
5099:1515–1648
5086:1515–1622
5076:1507–1643
5063:1506–1615
4973:1885–1974
4963:1879–1974
4942:1753–1975
4935:(Mombasa)
4933:Mombassa
4929:1728–1729
4906:1687–1974
4896:1680–1961
4886:1645–1888
4866:(Mombasa)
4864:Mombassa
4860:1593–1698
4848:1588–1974
4838:1575–1975
4828:1557–1578
4818:1508–1547
4808:1506–1511
4795:1505–1512
4785:1503–1698
4775:1502–1659
4765:1501–1975
4755:1500–1630
4732:1498–1540
4722:1482–1642
4709:1482–1637
4696:1478–1778
4686:1474–1778
4674:1471–1975
4662:1470–1975
4652:1462–1975
4642:1455–1633
4575:1577–1589
4562:1515–1541
4549:1513–1541
4536:1506–1769
4523:1506–1525
4510:1506–1525
4497:1505–1541
4461:1488–1541
4438:1485–1550
4428:1471–1662
4415:1471–1550
4402:1458–1550
4392:1415–1640
4245:Monuments
4165:Languages
4140:Education
4099:Transport
4015:President
3973:Judiciary
3958:Elections
3922:Volcanoes
3887:Mountains
3870:Geography
3659:Visigoths
3639:Gallaecia
3634:Lusitania
3230:Citations
3198:Lusitania
3167:China Sea
3117:Rodrigues
3113:Mauritius
3101:Mascarene
2979:Argentina
2948:Mauritius
2869:Sri Lanka
2766:Greenland
2681:Diogo Cão
2577:Gil Eanes
2463:Indonesia
2447:Sri Lanka
2379:Holy Land
2313:Wind rose
2309:latitudes
2305:Diogo Cão
2181:Ephemeris
2150:astrolabe
2130:Ephemeris
1863:crusaders
1752:July 2017
1744:talk page
1584:known as
1549:in 1557.
1511:Charles V
1484:Rhineland
1458:from the
1446:over the
1198:longitude
1186:Antarctic
1129:in 1486;
1119:Diogo Cão
1024:Ferdinand
917:East Asia
915:(Only in
843:from the
411:Gallaecia
406:Lusitania
115:Religion
52:1415–1580
6841:Climbers
6815:Romanian
6778:Lists of
6586:Deep-sea
6341:Maranhão
6318:Barbados
6163:Labrador
5940:Nagasaki
5910:Makassar
5773:Mylapore
5750:Maldives
5727:Maldives
5596:(Mumbai)
5538:Mylapore
5408:(Kannur)
5158:Muharraq
5018:Part of
5011:Part of
5001:Or 1600.
4994:Part of
4789:Zanzibar
4679:Príncipe
4667:São Tomé
4581:(Asilah)
4568:(Mehdya)
4540:Mazagan
4514:Mogador
4503:(Agadir)
4478:Graciosa
4442:Mazagan
4421:(Asilah)
4310:Category
4260:Religion
4170:Naturism
4000:Military
3936:Politics
3847:Language
3837:Military
3825:By topic
3691:Monarchs
3644:Hispania
3624:Ophiussa
3611:Timeline
3594:articles
3590:Portugal
3203:Portugal
3177:See also
3056:Paraguay
3004:, under
2995:Manuel I
2933:Moluccas
2770:Labrador
2719:Ethiopia
2479:European
2451:Malaysia
2401:and the
2299:made by
2297:Portolan
2257:Coriolis
2246:and the
2240:currents
2185:latitude
2154:quadrant
2115:carracks
2052:Canaries
2020:barinels
2012:cabotage
1914:currency
1895:medicine
1825:and the
1819:Flanders
1482:and the
1444:monopoly
1424:John III
1417:Manuel I
1401:Atlantic
1370:Manuel I
1356:held at
1327:In 1479
1324:(1478).
1214:Moluccas
1192:west of
1091:Afonso V
1073:, where
1050:Afonso V
909:to Japan
789:Timeline
751:Military
739:Language
731:Archives
439:Medieval
360:Portugal
349:a series
347:Part of
252:Currency
6820:Russian
6810:Spanish
6800:Italian
6430:(Amapá)
6111:Madeira
5997:Coloane
5874:Ternate
5617:Baçaím
5607:Ponnani
5594:Bombay
5486:Calicut
5395:(Kochi)
5393:Cochim
5303:1624?–?
5267:Libedia
5233:1621?–?
5153:Bahrain
5129:1515?–?
5103:Quriyat
5092:(Ormus)
5090:Hormuz
4812:Socotra
4801:(Kilwa)
4799:Quíloa
4759:Malindi
4713:Elmina
4702:(Bioko)
4690:Annobón
4579:Arzila
4553:Azamor
4455:Ouadane
4432:Tangier
4419:Arzila
4294:Outline
4270:Symbols
4223:Cuisine
4205:Culture
4180:Poverty
4155:Housing
4113:Society
4094:Tourism
4069:Fishing
4029:Economy
3907:Regions
3897:Islands
3832:Economy
3602:History
3543:Sources
3485:Almeida
3478::
3163:pirates
3153:1557 —
3142:1543 —
3121:1529 —
3109:Réunion
3095:1528 —
3060:Bolivia
3038:1525 —
3015:1517 —
2969:1512 —
2938:1512 —
2907:1512 —
2892:1511 —
2887:Malacca
2859:1505 —
2849:1505 —
2823:1502 —
2810:1500 —
2803:1500 —
2796:1500 —
2785:1498 —
2778:1498 —
2724:1488 —
2705:1487 —
2700:Namibia
2679:1482 —
2672:1479 —
2653:1471 —
2633:1458 —
2617:1445 —
2610:1444 —
2592:1441 —
2575:1434 —
2568:1427 —
2560:Madeira
2539:1419 —
2532:1412 —
2475:secrecy
2471:Spanish
2343:Ptolemy
2336:compass
2090:sailing
2071:luffing
2067:caravel
2044:Madeira
2016:barques
2005:caravel
1951:Algarve
1949:in the
1922:Algarve
1918:Morocco
1884:in the
1853:and to
1851:achieve
1829:towns.
1815:England
1807:Castile
1593:Seville
1569:England
1543:Malacca
1519:regency
1397:John II
1344:England
1337:convent
1310:Castile
1190:leagues
1176:in two
1160:in the
1150:Tangier
1111:John II
1107:Tangier
1071:Madeira
1032:Morocco
1028:Marinid
1016:Tangier
933:to the
881:Madeira
766:Regions
747:Judaism
735:Economy
379:Ancient
236:•
223:•
210:•
197:History
172:(first)
150:Monarch
91:Capital
6795:French
6672:Arctic
6618:Africa
6599:region
6576:Desert
6559:Canopy
6451:
6308:Brazil
6305:
6295:Brazil
6292:
6279:
6266:
6256:Brazil
6253:
6240:
6230:Brazil
6182:
6125:Azores
6050:
5900:Tidore
5897:
5884:
5871:
5861:Maluku
5803:
5688:
5526:
5478:
5427:Quilon
5419:
5314:
5283:1624–?
5273:1624–?
5263:1623–?
5257:Khasab
5253:1623–?
5237:As Sib
5223:1620–?
5204:Matrah
5162:Manama
5123:Muscat
5113:Qalhat
5109:1515–?
5067:Gamru
4984:
4911:Bissau
4853:Cacheu
4646:Arguim
4589:
4467:(Safi)
4465:Safim
4315:Portal
4218:Cinema
4175:People
4145:Health
4074:Mining
4056:Energy
3912:Rivers
3882:Cities
3716:Empire
3592:
3531:
3511:
3387:
3359:
3331:
3280:
3253:
3115:, and
3074:(near
3048:Brazil
2865:Ceylon
2511:under
2415:Lisbon
2411:slaves
2399:Africa
2242:, the
2193:Leiria
2098:piracy
2079:Berrio
2056:Arguim
2050:, the
2048:Azores
2036:shoals
1943:Sagres
1926:Brazil
1910:Muslim
1878:Venice
1855:retain
1844:Lisbon
1811:Aragon
1797:, the
1795:Europe
1665:, and
1573:France
1541:, and
1535:Angola
1456:nutmeg
1452:cloves
1436:Brazil
1422:Under
1407:. The
1348:feudal
1302:Joanna
1295:John I
1279:regent
1246:UNESCO
1233:Brazil
1210:Brazil
1182:Arctic
1103:Arzila
1087:Guinea
1067:Azores
1010:Under
996:Edward
974:Edward
941:John I
893:Brazil
883:, and
877:Azores
426:Spania
351:on the
200:
187:(last)
169:João I
154:
95:Lisbon
68:Banner
39:
6667:Polar
6581:Ocean
6269:Bahia
6007:Taipa
5930:Macau
5887:Ambon
5700:Hugli
5643:Surat
5574:Chalé
5564:Chaul
5514:Chaul
5287:Madha
5277:Kalba
5247:Qeshm
5194:Qatif
5174:Qatif
5133:Barka
5080:Sohar
4832:Accra
4527:Aguz
4396:Ceuta
4301:Index
4265:Sport
4250:Music
4240:Media
4195:Women
4125:Crime
4063:(EEZ)
3902:Lakes
3842:Music
3649:Suebi
3155:Macau
3076:Sucre
3072:Andes
3064:Chaco
3002:China
2925:Seram
2757:line.
2685:Zaire
2467:Timor
2459:China
2455:Japan
2375:Turks
2160:, or
2111:stern
2107:decks
2032:winds
1995:Ships
1947:Lagos
1899:drugs
1882:Genoa
1867:Islam
1859:Moors
1823:Italy
1547:Macau
1474:(see
1358:Évora
1216:(see
1178:bulls
1123:Congo
1075:sugar
978:Peter
755:Music
726:Topic
6564:Cave
6437:1822
6119:1432
6105:1420
5480:1750
4474:1489
4228:Wine
4190:Time
3993:LGBT
3654:Buri
3555:1985
3529:ISBN
3509:ISBN
3421:2009
3385:ISBN
3357:ISBN
3329:ISBN
3310:2022
3278:ISBN
3251:ISBN
3058:and
3019:and
3008:and
2973:and
2954:and
2923:and
2709:and
2657:and
2543:and
2465:and
2322:and
2236:wind
2226:and
2199:and
2172:and
2152:and
2146:Arab
2102:navy
2081:and
2075:tack
2028:sail
2018:and
1979:and
1945:and
1930:Aviz
1904:The
1880:and
1836:The
1809:and
1778:and
1675:, a
1623:The
1571:and
1454:and
1428:Asia
1235:and
1105:and
1083:gold
1079:wine
1077:and
1069:and
907:and
891:and
743:LGBT
5468:Goa
3978:Law
3487:".
3089:by
2717:. (
2271:).
2132:by
1617:Goa
1533:in
1450:of
1440:Goa
1434:of
1248:’s
1204:in
972:):
968:" (
925:by
6882::
3551:,
3393:.
3365:.
3337:.
3301:.
3111:,
2927:.
2919:,
2831:.
2461:,
2457:,
2453:,
2449:,
2315:.
2203:.
2109:,
2085:.
2062:.
2034:,
1991:.
1975:,
1971:,
1897:,
1873:.
1821:,
1817:,
1689:.
1661:,
1657:,
1567:,
1537:,
1415:.
1388:;
992:.
937:.
879:,
855::
753:-
749:-
745:-
741:-
737:-
733:-
272:PT
258:,
107:,
6535:e
6528:t
6521:v
5969:)
5965:(
5164:)
5156:(
4349:e
4342:t
4335:v
3582:e
3575:t
3568:v
3535:.
3423:.
3312:.
3286:.
3259:.
3169:.
3139:.
3082:.
3035:.
2997:.
2935:.
2889:.
2867:(
2846:.
2793:.
2749:.
2721:)
2702:.
2691:.
2647:.
2607:.
2265:"
2261:"
1765:)
1759:(
1754:)
1750:(
1746:.
1736:.
1559:.
964:"
828:e
821:t
814:v
45:)
41:(
20:)
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