History of Philadelphia - Knowledge (XXG)

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government during the revolution. They held power for a while, and used their control of the local militia to disseminate their ideology to the working class and to stay in power until the businessmen staged a conservative counterrevolution. Philadelphia suffered serious inflation, causing problems especially for the poor, who were unable to buy needed goods. This led to unrest in 1779, with people blaming the upper class and Loyalists. A riot in January by sailors striking for higher wages ended up with their attacking and dismantling ships. In the Fort Wilson Riot of October 4, men attacked

19: 2634: 379: 2733: 763:, Penn had experienced religious persecution. He also planned that the city's streets would be set up in a grid, with the idea that the city would be more like the rural towns of England than its crowded cities. The homes would be spread far apart and surrounded by gardens and orchards. The city granted the first purchasers land along the Delaware River for their homes. It had access to the Delaware Bay and Atlantic Ocean, and became an important port in the Thirteen Colonies. He named the city Philadelphia ( 1540: 1496: 248: 282: 2649: 2613: 2422:. During the campaign Dilworth made numerous specific charges about corruption within city government. The City Council set up a committee to investigate, with findings followed by a grand jury investigation. The five-year investigation and its findings garnered national attention. US$ 40 million in city spending was found to be unaccounted for, and the president judge of the Court of Common pleas had been tampering with court cases. The 2226:, but on laziness and wastefulness, and claimed there was no starvation in the city. Soon after, he fired 3,500 city workers, instituted pay cuts, forced unpaid vacation, and reduced the number of contracts the city awarded. This saved Philadelphia millions of dollars, and the efforts kept the city from defaulting on its debts, but were unpopular among the unemployed. The city relied on state money to fund relief efforts. Moore's successor 1928: 2747: 2601: 6042: 6052: 1415:. They represented five percent of the city's total population. They likely carried the disease from the island where it was endemic, and it was rapidly transmitted by mosquito bites to other residents. Fear of contracting the disease caused 20,000 residents to flee the city by mid-September, and some neighboring towns prohibited their entry. Trade virtually stopped; Baltimore and New York 140: 72:. After the Revolution the city was chosen to be the temporary capital of the United States. At the beginning of the 19th century, the federal and state governments left Philadelphia, but the city remained the cultural and financial center of the country. Philadelphia became one of the first U.S. industrial centers and the city contained a variety of industries, the largest being 1520: 2302:

Philadelphia lost five percent of its population in the 1950s, three percent in the 1960s and more than thirteen percent in the 1970s. Manufacturing and other major Philadelphia businesses, which had supported middle-class lives for the working class, were moving out of the area or shutting down in industrial restructuring, including major declines in railroads.

1947: 1906: 401: 2761: 2060:, permeated all parts of city government. One official estimated that US$ 5 million was wasted each year from graft in the city's infrastructure programs. The majority of residents were Republican, but voter fraud and bribery were still common. In 1905, the city enacted election reforms, such as personal voter registration and the establishing 3310: 635:, beginning with a log blockhouse. The Swedish congregation on Tinicum Island moved to Wicaco in 1677, and repurposed the blockhouse as their church, five years before the founding of the city of Philadelphia. Sven Gunnarsson died in 1678 and was one of the first buried at the church. The church and the cemetery eventually became the 1643:

war with soldiers, ammunition, and war ships and its manufacturers produced many army uniforms. Philadelphia was also a major receiving place of the wounded, with more than 157,000 soldiers and sailors treated within the city. Philadelphia began preparing for invasion in 1863, but the Confederate Army was repelled by Union forces at

390: 1746:. Beginning May 10, 1876, by the end of the Exposition on November 10, more than nine million people had visited the fair. The city undertook construction of a new city hall, designed to match its ambitions. The project was graft-ridden and it took twenty-three years to complete. Upon completion of its tower in 1894, 2699:, with a background in business, was elected as the city's third African-American mayor. From July 2007 to July 2009, the city's crime rate decreased 30%. Nutter helped launch Philadelphia's Foreclosure Prevention Program, which seeks to help residents keep their housing and which has been copied by many cities. 1650:

In the years following the American Civil War, Philadelphia's population continued to grow. The population grew from 565,529 in 1860 to 674,022 in 1870. By 1876, the city's population stood at 817,000. The dense population areas were not only growing north and south along the Delaware River, but also

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was elected as the first Democratic mayor in 80 years. Clark filled administration positions based on merit and worked to weed out corruption. Despite reforms and the Clark administration, a powerful Democratic patronage organization eventually replaced the old Republican one. Clark was succeeded by

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temporarily halted the reform movement. In 1917, the murder of George Eppley, a police officer defending City Council primary candidate James Carey, ignited the reformers again. They passed legislation to reduce the City Council from two houses to one, and provided council members an annual salary.

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and Company failed, and another panic in the 1890s hampered Philadelphia's economic growth. While the depressions hurt the city, its diverse array of industries helped it weather difficult times. It had numerous iron and steel-related manufacturers, including Philadelphian-owned iron and steel works

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city in this period. By 1876, nearly 25,000 African Americans living in Philadelphia, and by 1890 the population was near 40,000. While immigrants moved into the city, Philadelphia's rich left for newer housing in the suburbs, with commuting made easy by newly constructed railroads. During the 1880s

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arrived in Philadelphia in 1701 as a secretary for William Penn. He was the first to help establish Philadelphia as a place of culture and learning. Logan, who was the mayor of Philadelphia in the early 1720s, created one of the largest libraries in the colonies. He also helped guide other prominent

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Some of the first settlers lived in caves dug out of the river bank, but the city grew with construction of homes, churches, and wharves. The new landowners did not share Penn's vision of a non-congested city. Most people bought land along the Delaware River instead of spreading westward towards the

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The outspoken Rizzo, who was reelected in 1975, was a divisive figure who had loyal supporters and passionate opponents. Police and fire departments and cultural institutions were well supported under Rizzo, but other city departments like the Free Library, the Department of Welfare and Recreation,

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killed two people, injured over 300 and caused around US$ 3 million in damages. Crime was also a serious problem. Primarily drug-related gang warfare plagued the city, and in 1970 crime was rated the city's number one problem in a City Planning Commission survey. The court system was overtaxed

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each committed suicide after criminal exposures. The public and the press demanded reform and by the end of 1950, a new city charter was drafted. The new charter strengthened the position of the mayor and weakened the City Council. The council would be made of ten councilmen elected by district and

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city. Many trade unions discriminated against African Americans for years, and they were closed out of some labor advances. Workers' dissatisfaction with conditions led to numerous strikes in the textile unions, and the CIO organized labor in other industries, with more strikes taking place. During

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in 1932 alone. By 1934, 1,600 of 3,400 savings and loan associations had shut down. From 1929 to 1933, regional manufacturing fell by 45 percent; factory payrolls fell by 60 percent; retail sales fell by 40 percent. Worst hit of all was construction, where payrolls dropped 84 percent. Unemployment

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in the city by that name. The largest industry in Philadelphia was textiles. Philadelphia produced more textiles than any other U.S. city; in 1904 the textile industry employed more than 35 percent of the city's workers. The cigar, sugar, and oil industries also were strong in the city. During this

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began in 1861, Philadelphia's pro-southern leanings were reduced. Popular hostility shifted against southern sympathizers. Mobs threatened a secessionist newspaper and the homes of suspected sympathizers, and were only turned away by the police and Mayor Alexander Henry. Philadelphia supported the

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Violence was a serious problem; gangs like the Moyamensing Killers and the Blood Tubs controlled various neighborhoods. During the 1840s and early 1850s when volunteer fire companies, some of which were infiltrated by gangs, responded to a fire, fights with other fire companies often broke out. The

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In the first half of the 18th century, Philadelphia – like other American cities – was generally dirty, with garbage and animals littering the streets. The roads were unpaved and in rainy seasons impassable. Early attempts to improve quality of life were ineffective as laws were poorly enforced. By

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Health authorities and municipal officials in this and other large cities were particularly alarmed over the extraordinarily high incidence of tuberculosis among the black citizenry. In 1905, health experts in Philadelphia described tuberculosis among blacks in the city as 'exceedingly prevalent.'

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In the mid and late 1850s, immigrants from Ireland and Germany streamed into the city, swelling the population of Philadelphia and its suburbs. In Philadelphia, as the rich moved west of 7th Street, the poor moved into the upper class' former homes, which were converted into tenements and boarding

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After the Revolution's conclusion in 1783, Philadelphia was chosen to be the temporary capital of the United States from 1790 to 1800, and the city continued for some years to be the country's cultural and financial center. Its large free black community aided fugitive slaves and founded the first

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The Pennsylvania state government left Philadelphia in 1799 and the United States government left in 1800. By this time, the city had become one of the United States' busiest ports and the country's largest city, with 67,787 people living in Philadelphia and its contiguous suburbs. Philadelphia's

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promoted African Americans to positions as motormen and conductors (from which they had previously been excluded) on public transportation vehicles. Resentful, other PTC workers protested and began a strike that nearly immobilized the city. President Roosevelt sent troops to replace the striking

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and tried to stop corruption within the police force, but demand for liquor and political pressure made the job difficult, and he had little success. After two years, Butler left in January 1926 and most of his police reforms were repealed. On August 1, 1928, Boss Vare suffered a stroke, and two

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had written, "Few large cities have such a disreputable record for misgovernment as Philadelphia." Du Bois's study found, in addition to general mismanagement and neglect, severe racial disparities in employment, housing, health, education, and criminal justice. These disparities persisted; for

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controlled the gas company supplying lighting to the city. With the board under complete control by Republicans in 1865, they awarded contracts and perks for themselves and their cronies. Some government reform did occur during this time. The police department was reorganized; and volunteer fire

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people and goods from Philadelphia. People feared entering the city or interacting with its residents. The fever finally abated at the end of October with the onset of colder weather and was declared at an end by mid-November. The death toll was 4,000 to 5,000, in a population of 50,000. Yellow

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of the top fifty largest U.S. cities, and a budget deficit of US$ 250 million. Rendell attracted investment in the city, stabilized the city's finances, and produced small budget surpluses. Revitalization of parts of Philadelphia continued in the 1990s. In 1993, a new convention center was

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The population peaked at more than two million residents in 1950; afterward the city's population declined while that of the neighboring suburban counties grew. Some residents moved out of the region altogether due to restructuring of industry and loss of tens of thousands of jobs in the city.

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lawlessness among fire companies virtually ended in 1853 and 1854 when the city took more control over their operations. During the 1840s and 50s violence was directed against immigrants by people who feared their competition for jobs and resented newcomers of different religions and ethnicity.

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During the city's 10 years as federal capital, members of Congress were exempt from the abolition law, but the many slaveholders in the executive and judicial branches were not. President Washington, Vice-president Jefferson and others brought slaves as domestic servants, and evaded the law by

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By the 1950s, much Philadelphia housing was aged and substandard. In the post-World War II era of suburbanization and construction of area highways, many middle-class families met their demand for newer housing by leaving the city for the suburbs. Population decline accompanied the industrial

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commented "...there is probably no city in the known world where dislike, amounting to the hatred of the coloured population, prevails more than in the city of brotherly love!" Several anti-slavery societies had been formed and free blacks, Quakers and other abolitionists operated safe houses

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became Philadelphia's first African-American mayor. Development continued in areas in Old City and South Street, and large modern skyscrapers of glass and granite, designed by nationally known architects, were constructed in Center City. City employee labor contracts signed during the Rizzo

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emphasizes the role of the working class, and their distrust of their betters, in northern ports. He argues that working class artisans and skilled craftsmen made up a radical element in Philadelphia that took control of the city starting about 1770 and promoted a radical Democratic form of

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weeks later a grand jury investigation into the city's mob violence and other crimes began. Numerous police officers were dismissed or arrested as a result of the investigation, but no permanent change resulted. Strong support among some residents for the Democratic presidential candidate

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The city has had struggles: a series of scandals in the 1990s plagued the police department, including underreporting of crime. The Street administration was plagued with scandal, with administration people being accused of awarding contracts based on campaign donations for Street's

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had a serious housing shortage. Around half of the city's housing had been built in the 19th century, and many units lacked proper sanitary facilities, were overcrowded, and in poor condition. Competition for housing, as African Americans (many had come to the city in the

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in charge as the city's military commander. The city government returned a week later, and the Continental Congress returned in early July. The Liberty Bell, which had been hidden in an Allentown church since September 1777, was returned to Philadelphia following the

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Pennsylvania, which had abolished slavery in 1780, required any slaves brought to the city to be freed after six months' residency. The state law was challenged by French planters from Saint-Domingue, who brought their enslaved peoples with them, but defended by the

700:. This began a long period of peaceful co-operation between the colony and the Delaware, in contrast to the frictions between the tribe and the Swedish and Dutch colonists. However, the new colonists would not enjoy such easy relations with the rival and territorial 1769:. Westward expansion of the Pennsylvania Railroad helped Philadelphia keep up with nearby New York City in domestic commerce, as both cities fought for dominance in transporting iron and coal resources from Pennsylvania. Philadelphia's other local railroad was the 1015:. The city was plagued by pickpockets and other petty criminals. Working in the city government had such a poor reputation that fines were imposed on citizens who refused to serve an office after being chosen. One man fled Philadelphia to avoid serving as mayor. 2663:

was elected mayor in 1999 and city revitalization continued into the 21st century. The Street administration targeted some of the city's worst neighborhoods for revitalization and made considerable progress. Tax breaks created in 1997 and 2000 helped create a

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opened, creating a hotel boom with seventeen hotels opening between 1998 and 2000 when the city hosted the Republican National Convention. The city began promoting heritage tourism, and producing festivals and entertainment to attract tourists. In 2005,

577:. The Swedish building was said to be only twelve feet from the gate of the Dutch fort and was meant to intimidate the Dutch residents and intercept trade. As a result, the Dutch abandoned Fort Beversreede in 1651 and dismantled and relocated the nearby 666:) over the land grant already owned by Lord Baltimore. Penn put together a colonial expedition and fleet, which set out for America in the middle of the following summer. Penn, sailing in the vanguard, first set foot on American soil at the colony at 1989:

in 1835, in which workers in the city won the ten-hour workday and an increase in wages. In addition to its industrial power, Philadelphia was the financial center of the country. Along with chartered and private banks, the city was the home of the

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quotas and when the war ended in 1945, 183,850 residents were in the U.S. armed forces. With so many men serving in the military, there had been a labor shortage; businesses and industries hired women and workers from outside the city. In 1944, the

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was expanding and hired 10,000 workers from the South. Manufacturing plants and the U.S. Navy Yard employed tens of thousands of industrial workers along the rivers, and the city was also a center of finance and publishing, with major universities.

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crowded alleyways and small streets, and these areas were filthy, filled with garbage and the smell of manure from animal pens. During the 1840s and 1850s, hundreds died each year in Philadelphia and the surrounding districts from diseases such as

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that gained power through patronage. By the beginning of the 20th century, Philadelphia was described as "corrupt and contented." Various reform efforts slowly changed city government; in 1950, a new city charter strengthened the position of

1686:. The Republicans dominated the post-war elections, and corrupt officials made their way into the government and continued to control the city through voter fraud and intimidation. The Gas Trust was the hub of the city's political machine. The 2668:

boom in Center City, increasing the population of Center City and helping slow the city's 40-year population decline. The population of Center City rose to 88,000 in 2005 from 78,000 in 2000 and the number of households grew by 24 percent.

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You will consider Philadelphia, from its centrical situation, the extent of its commerce, the number of its artificers, manufactures and other circumstances, to be to the United States what the heart is to the human body in circulating the

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fever outbreaks recurred in Philadelphia and other major ports through the nineteenth century, but none had as many fatalities as that of 1793. The 1798 epidemic in Philadelphia also prompted an exodus; an estimated 1,292 residents died.

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and by the beginning of the 20th century Philadelphia was described as "corrupt and contented." Various reform efforts slowly changed city government with the most significant in 1950 where a new city charter strengthened the position of

1428:. Through 1796, 500 slaves from Saint-Domingue gained freedom in the city. Because of the violence accompanying the revolution on the island, Philadelphians, many of whom had southern ties, and residents of the Upper South worried that 1809:. It had many economic and family ties to the South, with southern planters maintaining second homes in the city and having business connections with banks, sending their daughters to French finishing schools run by refugees from 1348:

crowds. The British occupation of the colonial capital would last ten months. After the French entered the War on the side of the Continentals, the last British troops pulled out of Philadelphia on June 18, 1778, to help defend

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moving westward across the Schuylkill River. A large portion of the growth came from immigrants, still mostly Irish and German. In 1870, twenty-seven percent of Philadelphia's population was born outside the United States.

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moved to the city and soon outnumbered the Quakers, but they continued to be powerful economically and politically. Political tensions existed between and within the religious groups, which also had national connections.

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In the beginning of the 20th century, Philadelphia had taken on a poor reputation. People both inside and outside of the city commented that Philadelphia and its citizens were dull and contented with its lack of change.

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Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania: being a collection of memoirs, anecdotes, and incidents of the city and its inhabitants, and of the earliest settlements of the inland part of Pennsylvania, from the days of the

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Between 1910 and 1920, according to the records of the city's health department, the proportion of blacks who developed tuberculosis was four to six times the proportion of white citizens who developed the disease.

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resident of Philadelphia was Jonas Aaron, a German who moved to the city in 1703. He is mentioned in an article entitled "A Philadelphia Business Directory of 1703," by Charles H. Browning. It was published in

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led by General Harrison II. With the alliance with Susquehannock, the Swedes further strengthened their claims for land at the mouth of the Schuylkill River. In 1648, New Sweden built a stockaded 30-by-20-foot

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on the house from a helicopter; it set off a fire that killed eleven MOVE members, including five children, and destroyed sixty-two neighboring houses. Survivors sued the city in civil court and won damages.

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for all city offices. But, residents became complacent, and the city's political bosses continued in control. After 1907, Boss Durham retired and his successor, James McNichol, never controlled much outside

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in Europe and the threat of the U.S. becoming involved generated new jobs in defense-related industries. After the U.S. became involved in the war in 1941, the city mobilized. Philadelphia consistently met

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began to grow in Philadelphia, influenced by the leadership of the Roosevelt administration during the Depression. A newly organized Independent Democratic Committee reached out to residents. In 1936, the

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from the South) and Puerto Ricans moved into new neighborhoods, resulted in racial tension. The wealthier middle-class residents, often white, continued to move out to the suburbs in what became called

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The city began a population decline in the 1950s as mostly white and middle-class families left for the suburbs. Many of Philadelphia's houses were in poor condition and lacked proper facilities, and

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was completed. Less than half the expected visitors came to the city for the Bicentennial, but the event helped revive the identity of the city, inspiring annual neighborhood events and fairs.

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as president; they also voted for Democratic Congressmen and state representatives. City government continued to be dominated by Republicans, but the politicians were elected by small margins.

2159:, which was attended by more than 200,000 people. Mortality on some days was several hundred people and, by the time the pandemic began to subside in October, more than 12,000 people had died. 2495:

headquarters, resulting in the death of a police officer. Nine MOVE members were convicted at trial and sentenced to prison. In 1985, a stand-off occurred at the group's new headquarters in

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to the west for a number of decades as the English Quaker and German Anabaptist, Lutheran and Moravian settlers attracted to the religiously tolerant colony worked their way northwest up the

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was elected as the city's first Irish Catholic mayor. Tate was elected mayor in 1963 and reelected in 1967 despite opposition from reformers who opposed him as an organization insider.

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were built and Philadelphia became an important center of paper-related industries and the leather, shoe, and boot industries. Coal and iron mines, and the construction of new roads,

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and other large Philadelphia bells, which could easily be recast into munitions, the Liberty Bell was hastily transported north, where it was hidden beneath the floor boards of the

885:, and Dutch. Before William Penn left Philadelphia for the last time on October 25, 1701, he issued the Charter of 1701. The charter established Philadelphia as a city and gave the 4559: 771:, "brother"); it was to have a commercial center for a market, state house, and other key buildings. The grid plan was adapted from a grid plan originally designed by cartographer 2677:

campaign. The 2000s had a rise of violent crime after a decline in the 1990s. In 2006, Philadelphia's murder rate was 27.8 per 100,000 inhabitants versus a rate of 18.9 in 2002.

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in 1976 began in 1964. By the early 1970s, US$ 3 million had been spent but no plans were set. The planning group was reorganized and numerous citywide events were planned.

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Penn sent three commissioners to supervise the settlement and to set aside 10,000 acres (40 km) for the city. The commissioners bought land from Swedes at the settlement of

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of certain neighborhoods started bringing people back to the city. Promotions and incentives in the 1990s and the early 21st century have improved the city's image and created a

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The traveller's directory: or, A pocket companion, shewing the course of the main road from Philadelphia to New York; and from Philadelphia to Washington ... from actual survey

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Along with an image of "dullness" and of poor governance practices, Philadelphia was known for its political corruption. The Republican-controlled political machine, run by

866:) were set aside as parks open for everyone. Penn designed a central square at the intersection of Broad and what is now Market Street to be surrounded by public buildings. 1055:. Benjamin Franklin arrived in Philadelphia in October 1723 and would play a large part in the city's development. To help protect the city from fire, Franklin founded the 3232: 1326: 1225: 1662:, and by 1905 the number had increased to 100,000. Philadelphia's Italian population grew from around 300 in 1870 to around 18,000 in 1900, with the majority settling in 1094:

occurred in 1763, refugees again fled into the city, including a group of Lenape hiding from other Native Americans, angry at their pacifism, and white frontiersmen. The

818:, the streets were named after prominent landowners who owned adjacent lots. The streets were renamed in 1684; the ones running east–west were named after local trees ( 5582: 5367: 1373:

soldiers had not been paid their wages for their service during the war. Congress refused the soldiers' request for payment of their salaries. In what is known as the

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As a result of the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, Congress fled Philadelphia, eventually settling in New York City, designated as the temporary capital. Besides the

5088: 1658:, and Italy started rivaling immigration from Western Europe. Many of the immigrants from Russia and Eastern Europe were Jewish. In 1881, there were around 5,000 1507: 1388:

in May 1787, United States politics was no longer centered in Philadelphia. Due to political compromise, Congress chose a permanent capital to be built along the

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Schuylkill. The lots they bought were subdivided and resold with smaller streets constructed between them. Before 1704, few settlers lived west of Fourth Street.

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settlers continued to enjoy a much local autonomy, having their own militia, religion, court, and lands. This official status lasted until the English capture of

1487:. After the war, Philadelphia's shipping industry never returned to its pre-embargo status, and New York City succeeded it as the busiest port and largest city. 2238:, despite condemning the program during his mayoral campaign. At the peak of WPA-financed jobs in 1936, 40,000 Philadelphians were employed under the program. 4805: 2799: 2794: 2492: 600:

of New Amsterdam mustered a military expedition to the Delaware Valley to subdue the rogue colony. Although the colonists had to recognize the authority of

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helped Philadelphia's manufacturing power grow, and the city became the United States' first major industrial city. Major industrial projects included the

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have contributed their energy to the city. Promotions and incentives in the 1990s and the early 21st century have improved the city's image and created a

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act passed in 1895, and the Public School Reorganization Act freed the city's education from the political machine. Higher education changed as well. The

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administration helped set up a city financial crisis that Green and Goode were unable to prevent. The city was near bankruptcy at the end of the 1980s.

3194: 553:, to the immediate southwest of present-day Philadelphia, where he built an outpost called Fort New Gothenburg and his own manor house which he called 484:

of Sweden. It was the first permanent European settlement in the Delaware Valley. Part of this colony eventually included land on the west side of the

5429: 3890: 2330: 1666:. Along with foreign immigration, domestic migration by African Americans from the South led to Philadelphia having the largest black population of a 1200: 948:

In 1704, they achieved their goal when the three southernmost counties of Pennsylvania were permitted to split off and become the new semi-autonomous

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In 1637, Swedish, Dutch, and German stockholders formed the New Sweden Company to trade for furs and tobacco in North America. Under the command of

157: 5587: 2314: 1573:, related to poor sanitation; the poor suffered the most fatalities. Small rowhouses and tenement housing were constructed south of South Street. 1404: 1334: 1233: 1072: 5107:

Philadelphia in 1824; or, a brief account of the various institutions and public objects in this metropolis, being a complete guide for strangers

1291:, and the refugees and Congress returned. In September 1777, the British invaded Philadelphia from the south. Washington intercepted them at the 535:

said it was dissolved owing to summer "sickness and mortality." The disaster contributed to New Haven's losing control of its area to the larger

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peaked in 1933, when 11.5 percent of whites, 16.2 percent of African Americans, and 19.1 percent of foreign-born whites were out of work. Mayor

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to Philadelphia and the surrounding countryside. The region was developed for agriculture and Philadelphia exported grains, lumber products and

5647: 5315: 2900: 2144: 1999: 1633: 269: 3893:) National Park Service. page 10. Retrieved November 9, 2017. "The statue was … hoisted to the top of the tower in fourteen sections in 1894." 2439:

Richardson Dilworth, who continued the policies of his predecessor. Dilworth resigned to run for governor in 1962, and city council president

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Ch 6 of History of the labor movement in the United States, Vol. 5: The AFL in the Progressive Era 1910 - 1915. International Publishers Co.

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were controversial. Rizzo was credited with preventing the level of violence seen in other cities at the time and was elected mayor in 1971.

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restructuring and the loss of tens of thousands of jobs in the mid 20th century. With increasing poverty and social dislocation in the city,

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commented that "The one thing unforgivable in Philadelphia is to be new, to be different from what has been." In his pioneering 1899 work of

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was a Lenape settlement named Coaquannock, meaning "grove of pines." One of the largest Lenape settlements in the region, located in today's

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Brookes, Karin; John Gattuso; Lou Harry; Edward Jardim; Donald Kraybill; Susan Lewis; Dave Nelson; Carol Turkington (2005), Zoë Ross (ed.),

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With the deaths of McNichol in 1917 and Penrose in 1921, William Vare became the city's political boss. In the 1920s the public flouting of

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from New York. In December fear of invasion caused half the population to flee the city, including the Continental Congress, which moved to

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convicted Lamberton of "trespassing, conspiring with the Indians." The offshoot New Haven colony received no support. The Puritan Governor

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on September 11, 1777, the revolutionary capital of Philadelphia was defenseless, and the city prepared for what was seen as an inevitable

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went to prison; and an official in the tax collection office, a water department employee, a plumbing inspector, and head of the police

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tried to follow them into Philadelphia for attacks, but was prevented by the city's militia and Franklin, who convinced them to leave.

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Instruction for Johan Printz, Governor of New Sweden, The First Constitution or Supreme Law of the States of Pennsylvania and Delaware

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of historic neighborhoods attracted an increase in middle-class population as people began to return to the city. New immigrants from

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The embargo and decrease in foreign trade led to the development of local factories to produce goods no longer available as imports.

352:, meaning "in the valley." Other settlements including the village of Nitapèkunk, "place that is easy to get to," located in today's 5854: 5774: 5697: 5467: 5042: 4979: 4916: 4883: 4266: 3872: 3052: 2463: 2156: 2046: 1939: 1821:

to textile manufacturers, which in turn sold some products to the South, for instance, clothing for slaves. At the beginning of the

1621: 1610: 223: 176: 4047:

History of the Labor Movement in the United States, Vol. 1, From Colonial Times to the Founding of The American Federation of Labor

2987: 1459:

worked at City Hall. Robert Morris donated his home at 6th and Market Street as a residence for President Washington, known as the

1259:

The port city was vulnerable to capture by the British by sea. Officials recruited soldiers and studied defenses for invasion from

549:, arriving in the colony on February 15, 1643. Under his ten-year rule, the administrative center of New Sweden was moved north to 4779: 2925: 6076: 5963: 5874: 5627: 5407: 2488: 2251: 2105: 1995: 1986: 1854: 1833: 1679: 1244:. The Liberty Bell remained hidden in Allentown from September 1777 until its return to Philadelphia in June 1778, following the 1192: 859: 361: 100: 84: 1616:

The lawlessness and the difficulty in controlling it, along with residential development just north of Philadelphia, led to the

1059:. In the 1750s Franklin was named one of the city's post master generals and he established postal routes between Philadelphia, 5814: 5707: 5574: 5492: 1991: 772: 349: 183: 4892: 2874: 5948: 5754: 5657: 5632: 5617: 5592: 5487: 5434: 4199: 2784: 1659: 1441: 1425: 1345: 863: 835: 161: 4188:

McBride, David (Spring 1987). "The Henry Phipps Institute, 1903–1937: Pioneering Tuberculosis Work With an Urban Minority".

3016: 873:

Philadelphia grew from a few hundred European inhabitants in 1683 to over 2,500 in 1701. The population was mostly English,

619:

The Swedish immigration and expansion continued in the Philadelphia region. In 1669, one of the founders of the New Sweden,

616:

in October 1664, and continued unofficially until the area was included in William Penn's charter for Pennsylvania in 1682.

1147:

in 1774 further angered the colonies; activists called for a general congress and they agreed to meet in Philadelphia. The

5412: 3538:

Harlow Giles Unger, "Thomas Paine and the Clarion Call for American Independence," (New York: Da Capo Press, 2019), p. 106

2550:. They were attacked in discriminatory acts, and the city's Commission on Human Relations held hearings on the incidents. 2451: 2346: 2235: 2019: 1370: 802:, on October 27, 1682, and he arrived in Philadelphia a few days after that. He expanded the city west to the bank of the 756:. They had no historical allegiance to Pennsylvania, so they almost immediately began petitioning for their own Assembly. 679: 378: 301: 1467:

regularly shifting their slaves out of the city before the 6-month deadline. Two of Washington's slaves escaped from the

1132:

in 1773, there were threats against anyone who would store tea and any ships that brought tea up the Delaware. After the

190: 5839: 5784: 5530: 5482: 5477: 5382: 5362: 5357: 4855: 4718: 3966: 3101: 2848: 2626: 2588: 2567: 2206: 1716: 1692: 1532: 1500: 957: 843: 839: 831: 811: 760: 18: 4096: 2491:

formed in 1972, and tension soon developed with city officials. The first major clash occurred in 1978 at the group's

2092:, starting originally among streetcar workers it then spread to 65,000 - 70,000 workers shutting down the entire city. 905:

Philadelphia became an important trading center and major port. Initially the city's main source of trade was with the

5953: 5804: 5769: 5729: 5702: 2721:

Tourism has become one of the city's main industries; as of 2018, Philadelphia was the eighth-most visited U.S. city.

2471: 2187: 2011: 1982: 1864:

The population grew dramatically at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, through immigration from

1597: 1582: 1374: 1196: 1182: 1164: 1113: 1020: 953: 855: 847: 815: 791: 628: 69: 172: 5809: 5734: 5682: 5637: 5308: 2665: 2570:

area. In addition, numerous Hispanic immigrants from Central and South America have entered the city, settling in

2400: 2389: 2191: 2116: 1700: 1617: 1366: 1344:

On September 23, 1777, as expected, British troops marched into a half-empty Philadelphia and were met by cheering

1188: 1176: 1160: 1156: 1148: 1008: 827: 823: 527:. The Dutch and Swedes in the area burned the English colonists' buildings. A Swedish court under Swedish Governor 360:, "place where the chief was crowned", both were located on the west bank of Delaware River, upstream from today's 119: 65: 61: 4355: 2633: 2183: 150: 5849: 5602: 5542: 5510: 5462: 5392: 5034: 2715: 2711: 2617: 2605: 2532: 2393: 2366: 2198: 2167: 1846: 1204: 596:

The Dutch never recognized the legitimacy of the Swedish claim and, in the late summer of 1655, Director-General

578: 542: 528: 405: 333: 123: 96: 4669:

The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures

2318: 1228:

attack. Because bells could easily be recast into munitions, one of those preparations was hastily removing the

389: 5829: 5525: 5520: 5345: 2779: 2562:

who had settled in Philadelphia left for other cities in the United States to join relatives living elsewhere.

2171: 1758: 1731: 1381:. With their departure and the departure of their families and staffs, Philadelphia was left all but deserted. 759:

Penn envisioned a city where all people regardless of religion could worship freely and live together. Being a

647: 469: 373: 41: 4713: 2592:

named Philadelphia America's Next Great City, citing its recent revitalization and general compact cityscape.

2170:

in 1918, the changing of many existing streets to one-way streets in the early 1920s, and construction of the

1825:, there were many southern sympathizers, although most city residents became firmly Union as the war went on. 1802:

By the end of the century, the city provided nine municipal swimming pools, making it a leader in the nation.

1447:

However, Philadelphia was selected as the temporary United States capital for ten years starting in 1790. The

4828: 1805:

Philadelphia became one of the first U.S. industrial centers with a variety of industries, the largest being

5789: 5387: 5377: 5372: 4112: 1916: 1762: 1512: 1385: 1338: 1318: 1237: 1043: 893:, and councilmen the authority to issue laws and ordinances and regulate markets and fairs. The first known 623:, moved into the region and settled at a place called Wicaco, a former native settlement located on today's 4160: 3886: 2108:

laws, mob violence, and police involvement in illegal activities led Mayor W. Freeland Kendrick to appoint

5894: 5677: 5642: 5559: 5549: 5537: 5452: 3233:

In the Heat of the Moment: Cartography, Rebuilding, and Reconceptualization after the Great Fire of London

2774: 2622: 2581:

was elected as the city's first Jewish mayor. At the time, the city had numerous unpaid bills, the lowest

2508: 2354: 2147:, which constructed ships, trains, and other items needed in the war effort, helped attract blacks in the 2037: 1747: 1672: 1667: 1448: 1075:, another project of Franklin's, received its charter of incorporation. Threatened by French and Spanish 1012: 732:

for tools and firearms for some time. Both groups had uneasy relations with the Delaware (Lenape) and the

520: 440: 4328: 2487:

the City Planning Commission and the Streets Department experienced large cuts. The radical group called

6045: 5922: 5917: 5764: 5662: 5457: 5402: 5397: 5301: 5155: 5151: 5127: 4891:

Bridenbaugh, Carl. Cities in the Wilderness-The First Century of Urban Life in America 1625–1742 (1938)

3340: 3085: 2516: 2342: 2260: 1978: 1954: 1893: 1858: 1766: 1739: 1723: 1544: 1378: 1359: 1304: 1245: 1241: 1083: 1068: 995: 643: 5163: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5123: 5119: 5115: 1539: 5159: 696:

and others seeking religious freedom on lands he purchased from the local chieftains of the Lenape or

646:

gave Penn a large piece of his newly acquired American land holdings to repay a debt the king owed to

5352: 5324: 5225: 4744: 3328: 2904: 2337:. A non profit group Action Philadelphia was formed to improve and promote Philadelphia's image. The 2202: 2081:

took charge. In 1910, infighting between McNichol and the Vares contributed to the reform candidate,

2057: 2028: 1743: 1696: 1687: 1644: 1606: 1429: 1310: 1292: 1221: 1042:

The city also developed culturally and scientifically. Schools, libraries and theaters were founded.

799: 721: 667: 565: 473: 197: 3668: 1495: 1199:

met in May at the Pennsylvania State House. There, they also met a year later to write and sign the

945:

seeds to Europe and elsewhere in the American colonies; this pulled the city out of the depression.

6055: 5984: 5912: 5907: 5879: 5819: 5612: 3305: 2752: 2738: 2685: 2415: 2082: 1950: 1885: 1589: 1480: 1472: 1284: 1276: 1152: 1107: 971:. With the arrival of more numerous English colonists and development of the port on the Delaware, 926: 925:, inflicting financial harm on Philadelphia. The end of the war brought brief prosperity to all of 918: 686: 524: 481: 247: 6051: 5252:, Original narratives of early American history, vol. 12, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 3631:

Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution

2128:, who was Catholic, marked the city's turning away in the 20th century from the Republican Party. 786:, and from there began to lay out the city toward the north. The area went about a mile along the 439:

which passed through Philadelphia region, the Dutch authority of New Netherland built a palisaded

5958: 5927: 5902: 5672: 5554: 5515: 4764: 4211: 3960: 2688:, which led to archeological work in 2007. In 2010, a memorial on the site opened to commemorate 2582: 2571: 2440: 2431:

seven at large. City administration was streamlined and new boards and commissions were created.

2155:

were reported at the Naval Yard and began to spread. The disease became widespread following the

2074: 2066: 2015: 1853:, voters changed from traditional support for the Republican Party to increasing support for the 1829: 1822: 1663: 1639: 1412: 1322: 1056: 1007:

in 1741 and 1742 took place over high bread prices and drunken sailors. In October 1742 and the

851: 709: 675: 632: 536: 432: 341: 80: 38: 5652: 4411: 1313:

on September 11, 1777, thousands of Philadelphians fled north within Pennsylvania and east into

1011:

riots, sailors attacked Quakers and pacifist Germans, whose peace politics were strained by the

5258: 4097:"Defensible Spaces in Philadelphia: Exploring Neighborhood Boundaries Through Spatial Analysis" 2139:, and African American migrants from the South. Foreign immigration was briefly interrupted by 281: 6022: 5989: 5859: 5722: 5607: 5564: 5233: 5082: 5051: 5038: 4975: 4912: 4879: 4673: 4262: 4257: 4219: 4203: 4170: 4134: 4126: 4020: 3868: 3280: 3048: 2875:"1638 – New Haven – The Independent Colony – colonialwarsct.org – Retrieved November 12, 2007" 2689: 2648: 2637: 2543: 2528: 2500: 2496: 2408: 2310: 2109: 2003: 1985:. In response to exploitative working conditions, some 20,000 Philadelphia workers staged the 1837: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1683: 1528: 1288: 1280: 1217: 1052: 1024: 976: 960: 713: 420: 393: 382: 87: 57: 3044: 3038: 909:, which had established sugar cane plantations as part of the Triangle Trade associated with 692:

Penn later journeyed up the river and founded Philadelphia with a core group of accompanying

6009: 5779: 5622: 5253: 4936: 4935:(Greenwood Press, 1981) short scholarly biographies each of the city's mayors 1820 to 1980. 4759: 4156: 4116: 3336: 2612: 2223: 2219: 2061: 2041: 1850: 1796: 1593: 1451:, founded in March 1789, occupied the Philadelphia County Courthouse, which became known as 1144: 1133: 1091: 982:

Philadelphia's pledge of religious tolerance attracted many other religions beside Quakers.

933:

in the 1720s stunted Philadelphia's growth. The 1720s and 1730s saw immigration from mostly

803: 705: 597: 512: 500: 489: 444: 337: 49: 4944:

William Dorsey's Philadelphia and Ours: On the Past and Future of the Black City in America

2692:'s slaves, African Americans in Philadelphia and U.S. history, and to mark the house site. 411:

The first exploration of the area by Europeans was in 1609, when a Dutch expedition led by

5979: 5749: 5687: 5063: 4032: 3887:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: Philadelphia City Hall" 3753: 3105: 2950: 2852: 2475: 2435: 2381: 2227: 2070: 2033: 1927: 1909: 1869: 1783: 1770: 1354: 1032: 949: 697: 620: 582: 319: 252: 3066: 2446:

As elsewhere in major US cities, the 1960s was a turbulent decade for the city. Numerous

1727: 663: 2991: 2968: 2600: 685:

By 1682, the area of modern Philadelphia was inhabited by about fifty Europeans, mostly

5844: 4872: 2929: 2766: 2696: 2660: 2459: 2419: 2377: 2373: 2322: 2132: 2112: 2096: 1931: 1873: 1810: 1788: 1735: 1655: 1408: 1121: 1117: 1027:, were built. Streets were paved and illuminated with oil lamps. Philadelphia's first 819: 795: 787: 741: 613: 605: 601: 586: 485: 477: 465: 428: 424: 416: 353: 345: 115: 45: 5195: 5171: 5167: 2143:. The demand for labor for the city's factories, including the new U.S. Naval Yard at 1596:, anti-Irish meetings. Violence against immigrants also occurred, the worst being the 850:) and the north–south streets were numbered. Within the area, four squares (now named 573:

directly in front of the Dutch Fort Beversreede, called Fort Nya Korsholm or Fort New

6070: 6004: 5994: 5943: 5692: 5028: 4906: 4638:"I'm From Philly. 30 Years Later, I'm Still Trying To Make Sense Of The MOVE Bombing" 4166: 3314: 3147: 2563: 2385: 2259:

was held in Philadelphia. The majority of voters in the city reelected the Democrat

2078: 1935: 1774: 1751: 1601: 1524: 1452: 1400: 1389: 1350: 1060: 701: 561: 554: 532: 456: 436: 297: 4989:

Figured Tapestry: Production, Markets, and Power in Philadelphia Textiles, 1885–1941

3627:

The Urban Crucible: The Northern Seaports and the Origins of the American Revolution

1232:

and other Philadelphia bells and sending them by heavily guarded wagon train to the

1079:, Franklin and others set up a volunteer group for defense and built two batteries. 99:. At the same time Philadelphia moved its supports from the Republican Party to the 5999: 5834: 5667: 5444: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 2878: 2703: 2641: 2559: 2551: 2539: 2520: 2447: 2423: 2326: 2295: 2285: 2267: 2050: 1920: 1566: 1436: 1396: 1330: 1260: 1229: 1090:. During the war, the city attracted many refugees from the western frontier. When 1048: 972: 651: 624: 590: 451: 412: 308: 289: 274: 34: 30: 23: 443:

located near the confluence of the Schuylkill River and the Delaware River, named

5245: 5214: 5202: 5105: 5072: 5010: 4969: 4958: 4667: 3551: 3012: 2957:. (translated from the Swedish. Philadelphia: The Swedish Colonial Society, 1930) 2369:

warfare plagued the city in from the mid-20th century to the early 21st century.

963:

settlers arrived in the area in the early 17th century to found a nearby colony,

5869: 5824: 3609: 3504:(Special ed.). Norfolk, VA: The Donning Company/Publishers. pp. 18–19. 2547: 2512: 2480: 2455: 2246: 2214: 2152: 2140: 2100: 1484: 1416: 1095: 991: 922: 671: 504: 423:. The Valley, including the future location of Philadelphia, became part of the 357: 139: 2535:

neighborhood by city helicopters occurred, killing 11 and destroying 61 homes.

1620:. The act passed on February 2, making Philadelphia's borders coterminous with 1519: 454:, the company's first expedition sailed from Sweden late in 1637 in two ships, 5884: 5759: 5074:

Memorial History of the City of Philadelphia: Special and biographical, 2 vol.

3669:

Edward Lawler, Jr., "A Brief History of the President's House in Philadelphia"

2728: 2578: 2175: 2162:

The rising popularity of automobiles led to widening of roads and creation of

1407:, the first in 30 years, which lasted four months. Two thousand refugees from 1353:

and the Continentals arrived the same day and reclaimed Philadelphia, placing

1314: 1272: 968: 964: 745: 570: 546: 256: 5283: 4207: 4138: 4130: 3596:

Kenneth R. Foster, et al. "The Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic of 1793."

3585:

Bring out your dead: the great plague of yellow fever in Philadelphia in 1793

3098: 2845: 2372:

By the end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st, revitalization and

1750:

was the tallest building in Philadelphia, a position it maintained until One

5250:

Jameson, J. Franklin (editor): Original Narratives of Early American History

4142: 4121: 2427: 2210: 2179: 2120: 1889: 1778: 1773:, but after a series of bankruptcies, it was taken over by New Yorkers. The 1671:

much of Philadelphia's upper class moved into the growing suburbs along the

1076: 1028: 983: 930: 906: 807: 508: 5246:"Narratives of Early Pennsylvania, West New Jersey and Delaware, 1630–1707" 5237: 4951:

Forging Freedom: The Formation of Philadelphia's Black Community, 1720–1840

2325:

occurred, with restoration of properties in historic neighborhoods such as

2178:

were constructed, old buildings were wired for electricity, and the city's

2174:

to New Jersey in 1926. Philadelphia began to modernize, steel and concrete

1395:

After 1787, the city's economy grew rapidly in the postwar years. Serious

4996:

Proprietary Capitalism: The Textile Manufacture at Philadelphia, 1800–1885

4223: 2099:'s administration reunited reformers with the city's Republican Party and 1946: 1905: 400: 2281:

workers. After a federal ultimatum, the workers returned after six days.

2272: 2241:

With encouragement from the state government and labor's founding of the

2231: 2125: 1974: 1562: 1553: 1271:

of the mouth of Delaware Bay; British soldiers were moving south through

1268: 890: 753: 733: 659: 655: 574: 496: 4215: 1777:, which occurred when the New York City branch of the Philadelphia bank 1263:, but built no forts or other installations. In March 1776 two British 5293: 5272: 2566:

and other immigrants from Asia have settled in the city, many near the

2022:

passed the Free School Law of 1834 to create the public school system.

1966: 1962: 1865: 1806: 1792: 1570: 1558: 1471:, and he gradually replaced his slaves with German immigrants who were 1264: 1129: 1125: 1087: 1067:, and elsewhere. He helped raise money to build the American colonies' 999: 987: 938: 934: 882: 878: 806:, for a total of 1,200 acres (4.8 km). Streets were laid out in a 737: 693: 73: 2418:

was selected as the Democratic candidate, but lost to incumbent mayor

1140:. A committee told the captain to depart without unloading his cargo. 4005: 2467: 2353:

was formed, and residential and industrial development took place in

1861:, which has now been predominant in local politics for many decades. 1818: 1064: 914: 910: 783: 776: 516: 312: 242: 53: 2901:"Lamberton L Archives – rootsweb.com – Retrieved November 11, 2007" 2790:

List of newspapers in Pennsylvania in the 18th century#Philadelphia

2479:

and the tactics of the police department under Police Commissioner

589:. The Dutch consolidated their forces at the rebuilt fort, renamed 5288: 4329:"Philadelphia, Nurses, and the Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918" 3629:(2nd ed. 1986) pp. 240–47; the first edition of 1979 was entitled 2647: 2632: 2611: 2599: 2499:, whose residents were believed to be armed resisters. The police 2350: 2136: 1970: 1945: 1926: 1904: 1842: 1814: 1538: 1518: 1506: 1494: 1086:

began in 1754 as part of the Seven Years' War, Franklin recruited

886: 874: 728:

against the Susquehannocks and the Dutch, who'd been trading them

658:, though the claim as written would create a bloody conflict with 609: 399: 388: 377: 288: 280: 268: 246: 126:

and the surrounding areas that has slowed the population decline.

111: 92: 17: 3313:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

2230:

instituted numerous programs financed by Franklin D. Roosevelt's

4174: 3195:"Religious Freedom and the Dominating Religions of Pennsylvania" 2515:

invaded the slums of the city, and the murder rate skyrocketed.

2362: 1877: 1004: 942: 894: 107: 5297: 4101:

RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences

3953:

Contested Waters: A Social History of Swimming Pools in America

1240:, where it was hidden under the church floor boards during the 5278: 3955:(Kindle ed.). 99: The University of North Carolina Press. 2201:, 50 Philadelphia banks closed. Of those only two were large, 2119:

as director of public safety. Butler cracked down on bars and

729: 133: 5021:

The Private City: Philadelphia in Three Periods of Its Growth

2827:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992, p.27. 1892:, all attracted to the city's expanding industrial jobs. The 1136:, a shipment of tea had arrived in December, on the ship the 4798:"Obama Foreclosure Plan Draws Inspiration from Philadelphia" 2823:

Cotter, John L., Daniel G. Roberts, and Michael Parrington.

2542:

refugees settled in Philadelphia after the end of the 1970s

1203:

in July 1776. Philadelphia was important to the war effort;

103:, which has since created a strong Democratic organization. 3081: 2926:"– New Sweden – usgennet.org – Retrieved November 12, 2007" 2131:

Philadelphia continued to grow with immigrants coming from

1624:, and incorporating various subdistrict within the county. 921:

in 1702 and 1713 with the French, trade was cut off to the

2973:. Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Company. p. 2399. 2825:

The Buried Past: An Archaeological History of Philadelphia

515:. The New Haven Colony had earlier struck a deal with the 495:

The first English settlement occurred about 1642, when 50

311:

was colonized by Europeans, the area was inhabited by the

2205:'s Bankers Trust Company and the Franklin Trust Company. 1763:

William Cramp & Sons Ship and Engine Building Company

5232:(2nd ed.), Philadelphia: Printed for Mathew Carey, 5208:, vol. 1, Philadelphia, PA, USA: Parry and M'Millan 3043:(Second (Updated) ed.), APA Publications, pp. 1799:, and Lit Brothers, were developed along Market Street. 1722:

The city's major project was organizing and staging the

674:: the colonists pledged allegiance to Penn as their new 5688:

Grand Army of the Republic Civil War Museum and Library

1019:

the 1750s, Philadelphia was turning into a major city.

4239: 4237: 3567: 3565: 4933:

Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, 1820-1980

2507:

Crime continued to be a problem in the 1980s. Deadly

2454:

protests took place, including large protests led by

6028:

United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit

4974:, vol. 2, Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Co, 4672:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 192. 2222:

blamed people's economic woes, not on the worldwide

1757:

Philadelphia's major industries of the era were the

1411:

had recently arrived in the city in flight from the

639:

of Philadelphia, the oldest church in Pennsylvania.

277:, which is believed to be the first city map created 5972: 5936: 5893: 5573: 5501: 5443: 5333: 4560:"Marie Hicks, 83, the Rosa Parks of Girard College" 2511:warfare plagued South Philadelphia, drug gangs and 468:from 1626 to 1631. Resenting his dismissal by the 164:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 52:rivers. Before then, the area was inhabited by the 4899:Cities in Revolt: Urban Life in America, 1743–1776 4871: 1609:, but working class and ethnic whites opposed the 1252:independent black denomination in the nation, the 1023:and the Pennsylvania State House, better known as 2470:, race riots broke out in Holmesburg Prison, and 2045:example, between 1910 and 1920 the proportion of 1691:companies were eliminated and were replaced by a 332:Located north of what will eventually become the 5583:Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University 5110:, Philadelphia, PA, USA: H.C. Carey & I. Lea 4968:Scharf, John Thomas; Westcott, Thompson (1884), 3552:"Part 3: Philadelphia/The Yellow Fever Epidemic" 2967:Scharf, John Thomas; Westcott, Thompson (1884). 1432:would encourage slave insurrections in the U.S. 1399:outbreaks in the 1790s interrupted development. 1047:Philadelphia residents, which included botanist 724:had circa 1652–53 finished waging a decade long 708:and due west south of the hill country into the 650:, Penn's father. This land included present-day 545:was appointed to be the first royal governor of 507:, led by George Lamberton, tried to establish a 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4333:Influenza of 1918 (Spanish Flu) and the US Navy 4049:, International Publishers, 1975, pages 116–118 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3163: 2182:was founded. In 1907, the city constructed the 83:Philadelphia's government was controlled by a 4931:Holli, Melvin G., and Jones, Peter d'A., eds. 4730: 4728: 3486: 3484: 3142: 3140: 2714:and said mass to 1 million people on the 2190:in South Philadelphia, and in 1928 opened the 56:. Philadelphia quickly grew into an important 5309: 4908:Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings 4700:Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings 4624:Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings 4059:Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings 3827:Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings 3705:Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings 3654:Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings 3610:"Part 3: French West Indians in Philadelphia" 3527:Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings 3428:Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings 3040:Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings 2988:"Delco History: Expert Homework Writing Help" 114:warfare plagued the city. Revitalization and 8: 5005:(Pennsylvania Historical Association, 2003). 4862:Arrigale, Lawrence M., and Thomas H. Keels. 3423: 3421: 2800:History of Italian Americans in Philadelphia 2795:History of African Americans in Philadelphia 2305:The city encouraged development projects in 689:living in and around the Wicaco settlement. 4661: 4659: 3863:Gross, Linda P.; Theresa R. Snyder (2005), 3546: 3544: 1730:in the United States, which celebrated the 1403:identified an outbreak in August 1793 as a 1071:, which opened in 1752. That same year the 810:system. Except for the two widest streets, 740:government was not viewed favorably by the 300:now on display above the north door of the 5795:National Museum of American Jewish History 5316: 5302: 5294: 5087:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4928:(Signpost Biographies-Da Capo Press, 1999) 4269:. Accessed June 29, 2011, at Google Books. 3671:, US History, 2010, accessed 29 March 2012 3156:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. 2805:History of Irish Americans in Philadelphia 2321:East around the transportation hub. Some 1678:Politically the city was dominated by the 344:near the confluence of the Schuylkill and 251:The European forts and settlements in the 5257: 4963:, Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs & Co 4666:Fadiman, Anne (1997). "The Melting Pot". 4356:"The Media: One revolution after another" 4120: 3865:Philadelphia's 1876 Centennial Exhibition 3664: 3662: 3329:"Philadelphia Business Directory of 1703" 2309:in West Philadelphia and the area around 2172:Delaware River (Benjamin Franklin) Bridge 2090:a general strike occurred across the city 1039:, began publishing on December 22, 1719. 224:Learn how and when to remove this message 4780:"Phila. leads big cities in murder rate" 4327:Armstrong, James F. (November 7, 2005). 2556:The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down 2073:, had created their own organization in 2069:. The Vare brothers, George, Edwin, and 2018:also developed in the 19th century. The 1981:, iron water pipes, a gasworks, and the 1942:electrical plant in Philadelphia in 1946 1934:clashing with strikers, one carrying an 1832:, city government was controlled by the 1707:and reorganized to its modern form; and 798:. Penn's ship anchored off the coast of 33:was founded and incorporated in 1682 by 5588:African American Museum in Philadelphia 4796:Kastenbaum, Steve (February 18, 2009). 4592: 4580: 4545: 4521: 4509: 4497: 4485: 4473: 4461: 4449: 4437: 4425: 4406: 4404: 4395: 4383: 4371: 4314: 4302: 4290: 4278: 4258:The General Strike in Philadelphia—1910 4243: 4082: 4070: 3991: 3979: 3938: 3926: 3914: 3902: 3850: 3838: 3814: 3802: 3790: 3778: 3740: 3728: 3716: 3692: 3680: 3641: 3571: 3514: 3475: 3463: 3451: 3439: 3412: 3400: 3388: 3376: 3364: 3352: 3293: 3267: 3255: 3182:. American Heritage Publishing Company. 3131: 2816: 2684:were found during excavation for a new 1654:By the 1880s, immigration from Russia, 1283:pushed back the British advance at the 5648:Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site 5080: 5059: 5049: 4760:"Tax Breaks Drive a Philadelphia Boom" 4162:The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study 4028: 4018: 3958: 3243: 3150:(1978). Sturtevant, William C. (ed.). 3121:. Pennsylvania Historical Association. 3068:Sven Gunnarsson and his Swanson family 2313:in North Philadelphia, it removed the 2053:was four to six times that of whites. 1634:Philadelphia in the American Civil War 1479:maritime trade was interrupted by the 464:. Minuit had been the governor of the 5865:Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial 5800:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts 5718:Independence National Historical Park 5275:, Historical Encyclopedia in progress 5219:, Philadelphia, PA, USA: Daniel Bowen 4926:John Wanamaker: Philadelphia Merchant 4758:Chamberlain, Lisa (January 8, 2006), 4004:Bowie, John et al. (editors) (2007). 3219: 3180:The American Heritage Book of Indians 2405:Independence National Historical Park 2077:. With no central authority, Senator 2008:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts 2006:. Cultural institutions, such as the 1987:first general strike in North America 1309:Following Washington's defeat at the 604:, the Dutch terms were tolerant. The 7: 5289:Philadelphia Center for Architecture 5273:Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia 4960:The literary history of Philadelphia 4939:; see index at p. 410 for list. 4905:Brookes, Karin; et al. (2005), 4558:Ronan Sims, Gayle (April 21, 2007), 4414:Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia 4006:"Workshop of the World—Philadelphia" 3867:, Arcadia Publishing, pp. 7–8, 3500:Bloom, Ken; Wolbers, Marian (1984). 2243:Congress of Industrial Organizations 1515:section of Philadelphia in July 1844 1337:in Northampton Town, in present-day 162:adding citations to reliable sources 6018:2016 Democratic National Convention 5770:Masonic Temple, Library, and Museum 4864:Philadelphia's Golden Age of Retail 4829:"The Most Visited Cities In The US" 4191:Bulletin of the History of Medicine 2347:Delaware Expressway (Interstate 95) 2278:Philadelphia Transportation Company 1884:of blacks from the rural South and 1782:outside the city, most notably the 1236:in Northampton Town in present-day 1159:, Philadelphia was the site of the 5713:Historical Society of Pennsylvania 5598:American Swedish Historical Museum 5279:Philadelphia: The Great Experiment 4971:History of Philadelphia, 1609–1884 4957:Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxson (1906), 4911:(2nd ed.), APA Publications, 3327:Charles H. Browning (April 1895), 3153:Handbook of North American Indians 2970:History of Philadelphia: 1609-1884 2519:became mayor in 1980, and in 1984 2151:. In September 1918, cases of the 1787:time the major department stores: 1254:African Methodist Episcopal Church 1242:British occupation of Philadelphia 1191:began in April 1775 following the 564:in their successful conflict with 560:In 1644, New Sweden supported the 480:, in honor of the twelve-year-old 14: 5855:Shofuso Japanese House and Garden 5775:Museum of the American Revolution 5071:Young, John Russell, ed. (1895), 5027:Weigley, RF et al. (eds) (1982), 4946:( Oxford University Press, 1991). 4874:A Concise History of Philadelphia 4714:"Next Great City: Philly, Really" 4612:A Concise History of Philadelphia 4534:A Concise History of Philadelphia 4109:Spatial Foundations of Inequality 3754:"A Brief History of Philadelphia" 3616:PBS, 1998, accessed 29 March 2012 3082:"Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church" 2864:Swedish Colonial Society Web site 2464:Community College of Philadelphia 2157:Philadelphia Liberty Loans Parade 1996:Second Banks of the United States 1360:British retreat from Philadelphia 1246:British retreat from Philadelphia 900:The American Historical Register, 6050: 6041: 6040: 5875:Wagner Free Institute of Science 5765:Marian Anderson Residence Museum 5104:H.C. Carey & I. Lea (1824), 5098:City directories and old sources 5030:Philadelphia: A 300-Year History 4827:Pariona, Amber (June 26, 2018). 4778:Maykuth, Andrew (June 5, 2007), 4354:Bishop, Todd (January 7, 2000), 3951:Wilse, Jeff (30 November 2009). 3308: 2759: 2745: 2731: 2706:visited Philadelphia during his 2407:was restored and development of 1193:Battles of Lexington and Concord 138: 5708:Historical Society of Frankford 5224:S.S. Moore; T.W. Jones (1804), 4735:Scully, Sean (April 17, 2005), 4712:Nelson, Andrew (October 2005), 3019:from the original on 2008-05-11 2855:Pennsylvania historical marker. 2315:"Chinese Wall" elevated railway 2164:Northeast (Roosevelt) Boulevard 1682:, which had developed a strong 975:quickly grew into an important 637:Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church 431:. Around 1630s, to control the 149:needs additional citations for 5755:La Salle University Art Museum 5593:American Philosophical Society 4200:Johns Hopkins University Press 4169:: Shocken Books. p. 372. 4095:Kramer, Rory (February 2017). 2785:List of mayors of Philadelphia 2659:Former city council president 2257:Democratic National Convention 2180:first commercial radio station 2047:black citizens of Philadelphia 1543:Opening day ceremonies at the 1426:Pennsylvania Abolition Society 767:, "love" or "friendship", and 585:, downstream from the Swedes' 294:Penn's Treaty with the Indians 1: 5740:Institute of Contemporary Art 5259:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t5n87rq7c 5201:Watson, John Fanning (1855), 5003:Philadelphia: A Brief History 4360:Philadelphia Business Journal 3502:Allentown A Pictorial History 3119:Philadelphia: A Brief History 2245:(CIO), Philadelphia became a 2236:Works Progress Administration 2207:Savings and loan associations 2197:In the three years after the 2020:Pennsylvania General Assembly 1355:Major General Benedict Arnold 1165:Second Continental Congresses 682:was soon held in the colony. 680:Pennsylvania General Assembly 302:United States Capitol rotunda 260: 70:Second Continental Congresses 5840:Rosenbach Museum and Library 5815:Philadelphia's Magic Gardens 5785:National Constitution Center 5009:Thomas, Allen Clapp (1913), 4878:, Philadelphia: Otis Books, 4856:Bibliography of Philadelphia 4737:"The 5 Best Big-City Mayors" 4719:National Geographic Traveler 4644:. National Public Radio, Inc 3333:American Historical Register 2655:in Philadelphia in June 2020 2627:Union League of Philadelphia 2589:National Geographic Traveler 2199:stock market crashed in 1929 2188:Sesqui-Centennial Exposition 1618:Act of Consolidation in 1854 1128:of British goods. After the 336:and on the east bank of the 326:, meaning "South" River, or 5805:Philadelphia History Museum 5730:Independence Seaport Museum 5703:Historic Strawberry Mansion 5244:Myers, Albert Cook (1912), 4866:(Arcadia Publishing, 2012). 4636:Demby, Gene (13 May 2015). 2396:and the surrounding areas. 2213:of 19,000 properties being 2012:Academy of Natural Sciences 1583:Philadelphia nativist riots 1375:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 1335:Zion German Reformed Church 1234:Zion German Reformed Church 1201:Declaration of Independence 1197:Second Continental Congress 1183:Second Continental Congress 435:, a fur trade route to the 285:Philadelphia's seal in 1683 6093: 5810:Philadelphia Museum of Art 5683:Glen Foerd on the Delaware 5658:Fabric Workshop and Museum 5638:Eastern State Penitentiary 5035:W. W. Norton & Company 4853: 3231:Jacob Lawrence Wasserman, 2401:United States Bicentennial 2284:After World War II ended, 2192:Philadelphia Museum of Art 1701:University of Pennsylvania 1631: 1580: 1367:American Revolutionary War 1302: 1189:American Revolutionary War 1180: 1177:American Revolutionary War 1174: 1171:American Revolutionary War 1157:American Revolutionary War 1149:First Continental Congress 1105: 967:in what is today southern 371: 240: 6036: 5850:Science History Institute 5845:Ryerss Museum and Library 5603:Athenaeum of Philadelphia 5216:A history of Philadelphia 5012:A History of Pennsylvania 4784:The Philadelphia Inquirer 4564:The Philadelphia Inquirer 4335:. Naval Historical Center 4165:(Shocken 1967 ed.). 3281:"A City Charter in a Box" 3199:The Crucial Decade: 1780s 3178:Brandon, William (1961). 2716:Benjamin Franklin Parkway 2712:World Meeting of Families 2618:Washington Grays Monument 2462:. Students took over the 2209:also faced trouble, with 2168:Benjamin Franklin Parkway 1847:Philadelphia City Council 1386:Constitutional Convention 1281:General George Washington 1151:was held in September in 173:"History of Philadelphia" 97:Philadelphia City Council 5698:Hill–Physick–Keith House 5643:Ebenezer Maxwell Mansion 3965:: CS1 maint: location ( 2780:Timeline of Philadelphia 2606:Center City Philadelphia 2014:, the Athenaeum and the 1917:William Cramp & Sons 1797:Strawbridge and Clothier 1759:Baldwin Locomotive Works 1577:Lawlessness and violence 950:colony of Lower Delaware 752:settlers in present-day 648:Admiral Sir William Penn 470:Dutch West India Company 419:valley in search of the 406:Center City Philadelphia 374:Province of Pennsylvania 42:Province of Pennsylvania 6077:History of Philadelphia 5790:National Liberty Museum 5033:, New York and London: 4488:, pp. 695–702, 720 4122:10.7758/RSF.2017.3.2.04 4113:Russell Sage Foundation 3341:2027/mdp.39015035579666 2710:; he attended the 2015 2000:Mechanics National Bank 1849:. Beginning during the 1511:A nativist riot in the 1339:Allentown, Pennsylvania 1073:College of Philadelphia 1037:American Weekly Mercury 5678:Germantown White House 5560:Southwest Philadelphia 5550:Northwest Philadelphia 5538:Northeast Philadelphia 5213:Bowen, Daniel (1839), 4412:"Great Depression" in 4145:on September 19, 2020. 2775:American urban history 2656: 2645: 2630: 2609: 2501:dropped a satchel bomb 2355:Northeast Philadelphia 2329:, Rittenhouse Square, 2038:The Philadelphia Negro 1958: 1943: 1924: 1784:Bethlehem Iron Company 1754:surpassed it in 1986. 1673:Philadelphia Main Line 1598:nativist riots in 1844 1548: 1536: 1516: 1504: 1449:United States Congress 1214: 543:Johan Björnsson Printz 529:Johan Björnsson Printz 521:Province of New Jersey 408: 397: 386: 304: 286: 278: 266: 26: 5663:Fairmount Water Works 4924:Ershkowitz, Herbert. 4804:. CNN. Archived from 4802:Political Ticker Blog 4570:on September 29, 2007 3117:Simon, Roger (2017). 3086:National Park Service 3070:(New Sweden Colonial) 2653:George Floyd protests 2651: 2636: 2615: 2603: 2399:Preparations for the 2343:Schuylkill Expressway 2261:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1949: 1930: 1908: 1894:Pennsylvania Railroad 1859:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1767:Pennsylvania Railroad 1742:'s telephone and the 1740:Alexander Graham Bell 1724:Centennial Exposition 1632:Further information: 1545:Centennial Exhibition 1542: 1522: 1510: 1498: 1405:yellow fever epidemic 1379:Princeton, New Jersey 1305:Philadelphia campaign 1299:Philadelphia campaign 1295:but was driven back. 1209: 1175:Further information: 1106:Further information: 1084:French and Indian War 958:Battle of Breitenfeld 846:, Pine, Lombard, and 523:south of present-day 403: 392: 381: 372:Further information: 320:Delaware River Valley 296:, a 1772 portrait by 292: 284: 272: 253:Delaware River Valley 250: 241:Further information: 21: 5326:City of Philadelphia 4897:Bridenbaugh, Carl. 4008:. Oliver Evans Press 3758:Philadelphia History 3614:Africans in America, 3583:John Harvey Powell, 3013:"Pennsylvania Forts" 2881:on November 15, 2014 2546:associated with the 2203:Albert M. Greenfield 1963:Manufacturing plants 1957:from 1952 until 1956 1955:Philadelphia's mayor 1744:Corliss Steam Engine 1738:, exhibits included 1693:paid fire department 1607:Underground Railroad 1605:associated with the 1547:in Philadelphia 1876 1523:From right to left: 1430:free people of color 1317:. Congress moved to 1311:Battle of Brandywine 1293:Battle of Brandywine 1285:battles of Princeton 1222:Battle of Brandywine 800:New Castle, Delaware 722:Province of Maryland 668:New Castle, Delaware 511:at the mouth of the 488:from just below the 474:Wilmington, Delaware 158:improve this article 64:was the site of the 60:city and during the 5880:Woodmere Art Museum 5820:Please Touch Museum 4870:Avery, Ron (1999), 3598:Scientific American 3558:. PBS Online. 1998. 3556:Africans in America 3306:Jewish Encyclopedia 2753:Pennsylvania portal 2739:Philadelphia portal 2686:Liberty Bell Center 2680:The remains of the 2416:Richardson Dilworth 2083:Rudolph Blankenburg 1951:Joseph S. Clark Jr. 1836:; it established a 1732:nation's Centennial 1622:Philadelphia County 1552:houses. Many small 1481:Embargo Act of 1807 1473:indentured servants 1108:American Revolution 1102:American Revolution 1092:Pontiac's Rebellion 1013:War of Jenkins' Ear 927:British possessions 687:subsistence farmers 519:to buy much of the 62:American Revolution 5745:John Johnson House 5673:Franklin Institute 5555:South Philadelphia 5516:North Philadelphia 5423:Historic Landmarks 5062:has generic name ( 5019:Warner, Sam Bass. 4994:Scranton, Philip. 4987:Scranton, Philip. 4765:The New York Times 4595:, pp. 722–724 4583:, pp. 675–678 4524:, pp. 654–657 4500:, pp. 725–731 4464:, pp. 669–670 4452:, pp. 635–644 4440:, pp. 618–622 4428:, pp. 611–613 4398:, pp. 607–609 4386:, pp. 593–596 4374:, pp. 525–526 4317:, pp. 529–531 4293:, pp. 578–581 4281:, pp. 563–564 4255:Foner, Philip S. 4246:, pp. 537–547 4031:has generic name ( 3941:, pp. 485–486 3929:, pp. 480–481 3917:, pp. 429–433 3853:, pp. 498–501 3841:, pp. 437–439 3817:, pp. 488–491 3793:, pp. 396–410 3731:, pp. 346–348 3695:, pp. 212–214 3644:, pp. 146–147 3600:279 (1998): 88–93. 3574:, pp. 180–187 3517:, pp. 128–129 3454:, pp. 103–108 3104:2011-07-14 at the 2851:2011-09-14 at the 2657: 2646: 2631: 2610: 2572:North Philadelphia 2153:influenza pandemic 2075:South Philadelphia 2067:North Philadelphia 2016:Franklin Institute 1959: 1944: 1925: 1830:American Civil War 1823:American Civil War 1675:west of the city. 1664:South Philadelphia 1640:American Civil War 1628:American Civil War 1592:often held mostly 1549: 1537: 1517: 1505: 1413:Haitian Revolution 1365:At the end of the 1362:on June 18, 1778. 1248:on June 18, 1778. 1116:'s passage of the 1114:British Parliament 1112:In the 1760s, the 1057:Union Fire Company 633:South Philadelphia 566:Maryland colonists 537:Connecticut Colony 499:families from the 433:Great Minquas Path 409: 398: 387: 362:Northern Liberties 342:South Philadelphia 305: 287: 279: 267: 81:American Civil War 27: 6064: 6063: 6023:Philadelphia Mint 5990:Independence Hall 5723:Independence Hall 5608:Barnes Foundation 5565:West Philadelphia 5488:Police Department 5468:District Attorney 5418:Sites of interest 5284:PhillyHistory.org 5001:Simon, Roger D. 4747:on April 18, 2005 4679:978-0-374-26781-0 4157:Du Bois, W. E. B. 4045:Philip S. Foner, 3201:. Rollins College 3148:Trigger, Bruce C. 2932:on March 18, 2022 2682:President's House 2638:Independence Hall 2544:Laotian Civil War 2497:West Philadelphia 2311:Temple University 2266:The beginning of 2186:. It hosted the 2117:U.S. Marine Corps 2110:Brigadier General 2029:Harper's Magazine 1845:and weakened the 1838:political machine 1713:Drexel University 1709:Temple University 1705:West Philadelphia 1697:compulsory school 1684:political machine 1529:Independence Hall 1469:President's House 1461:President's House 1220:'s defeat at the 1053:Benjamin Franklin 1025:Independence Hall 1009:"Bloody Election" 812:High (now Market) 714:Susquehanna River 710:breadbasket lands 702:Conestoga peoples 421:Northwest Passage 394:Benjamin Franklin 383:Independence Hall 313:Lenape (Delaware) 234: 233: 226: 208: 95:and weakened the 88:political machine 6084: 6054: 6044: 6043: 5985:Carpenters' Hall 5628:Civil War Museum 5623:Betsy Ross House 5613:Bartram's Garden 5327: 5318: 5311: 5304: 5295: 5262: 5261: 5240: 5220: 5209: 5114:City Directory. 5111: 5092: 5086: 5078: 5067: 5061: 5057: 5055: 5047: 5016: 4984: 4964: 4921: 4888: 4877: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4839: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4808:on March 7, 2012 4793: 4787: 4786: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4743:, archived from 4732: 4723: 4722: 4709: 4703: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4663: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4633: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4566:, archived from 4555: 4549: 4543: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4489: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4459: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4435: 4429: 4423: 4417: 4410:Roger D. Simon, 4408: 4399: 4393: 4387: 4381: 4375: 4369: 4363: 4362: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4300: 4294: 4288: 4282: 4276: 4270: 4253: 4247: 4241: 4232: 4231: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4141:. 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Archived from 2984: 2978: 2977: 2975:beversrede fort. 2964: 2958: 2951:Johnson, Amandus 2948: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2928:. Archived from 2922: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2912: 2903:. Archived from 2897: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2877:. Archived from 2871: 2865: 2862: 2856: 2843: 2837: 2834: 2828: 2821: 2769: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2755: 2750: 2749: 2748: 2741: 2736: 2735: 2734: 2608:in December 2004 2517:William J. Green 2493:Powelton Village 2317:, and developed 2252:Democratic Party 2224:Great Depression 2220:J. Hampton Moore 2095:The policies of 2042:W. E. B. Du Bois 1855:Democratic Party 1851:Great Depression 1834:Republican Party 1817:, selling their 1771:Reading Railroad 1680:Republican Party 1660:Jews in the city 1329:would seize the 1153:Carpenters' Hall 1134:Boston Tea Party 954:Gustav the Great 919:Queen Anne's War 902:in April, 1895. 804:Schuylkill River 773:Richard Newcourt 712:along the lower 598:Peter Stuyvesant 513:Schuylkill River 501:New Haven Colony 490:Schuylkill River 476:. They named it 445:Fort Beversreede 265: 262: 255:, then known as 229: 222: 218: 215: 209: 207: 166: 142: 134: 101:Democratic Party 6092: 6091: 6087: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6082: 6081: 6067: 6066: 6065: 6060: 6032: 5980:Delaware Valley 5968: 5932: 5889: 5830:RittenhouseTown 5750:John Ruan House 5653:Elfreth's Alley 5618:Belmont Mansion 5569: 5497: 5493:School district 5478:Fire Department 5439: 5329: 5325: 5322: 5269: 5243: 5223: 5212: 5200: 5103: 5100: 5095: 5079: 5070: 5058: 5048: 5045: 5026: 5008: 4982: 4967: 4956: 4919: 4904: 4886: 4869: 4858: 4852: 4847: 4846: 4837: 4835: 4826: 4825: 4821: 4811: 4809: 4795: 4794: 4790: 4777: 4776: 4772: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4734: 4733: 4726: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4698: 4694: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4665: 4664: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4635: 4634: 4630: 4622: 4618: 4610: 4599: 4591: 4587: 4579: 4575: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4544: 4540: 4532: 4528: 4520: 4516: 4508: 4504: 4496: 4492: 4484: 4480: 4472: 4468: 4460: 4456: 4448: 4444: 4436: 4432: 4424: 4420: 4409: 4402: 4394: 4390: 4382: 4378: 4370: 4366: 4353: 4352: 4348: 4338: 4336: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4313: 4309: 4301: 4297: 4289: 4285: 4277: 4273: 4254: 4250: 4242: 4235: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4155: 4154: 4150: 4094: 4093: 4089: 4081: 4077: 4069: 4065: 4057: 4053: 4044: 4040: 4027: 4017: 4011: 4009: 4003: 4002: 3998: 3990: 3986: 3978: 3974: 3957: 3950: 3949: 3945: 3937: 3933: 3925: 3921: 3913: 3909: 3901: 3897: 3885: 3881: 3875: 3862: 3861: 3857: 3849: 3845: 3837: 3833: 3825: 3821: 3813: 3809: 3801: 3797: 3789: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3763: 3761: 3760:. ushistory.org 3752: 3751: 3747: 3739: 3735: 3727: 3723: 3715: 3711: 3703: 3699: 3691: 3687: 3679: 3675: 3667: 3660: 3652: 3648: 3640: 3636: 3624: 3620: 3608: 3604: 3595: 3591: 3582: 3578: 3570: 3563: 3550: 3549: 3542: 3537: 3533: 3525: 3521: 3513: 3509: 3499: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3482: 3474: 3470: 3462: 3458: 3450: 3446: 3438: 3434: 3426: 3419: 3411: 3407: 3399: 3395: 3387: 3383: 3375: 3371: 3363: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3326: 3325: 3321: 3309: 3304: 3300: 3292: 3288: 3279: 3278: 3274: 3266: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3218: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3192: 3191: 3187: 3177: 3176: 3161: 3146: 3145: 3138: 3130: 3126: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3106:Wayback Machine 3097: 3093: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3065: 3061: 3055: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3022: 3020: 3011: 3010: 3006: 2997: 2995: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2949: 2945: 2935: 2933: 2924: 2923: 2919: 2910: 2908: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2884: 2882: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2859: 2853:Wayback Machine 2846:The Great Trail 2844: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2822: 2818: 2813: 2765: 2760: 2758: 2751: 2746: 2744: 2737: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2675:2003 reelection 2629:in October 2011 2604:The skyline of 2598: 2521:W. Wilson Goode 2476:Columbia Avenue 2458:to desegregate 2436:Joseph S. Clark 2307:University City 2291:Great Migration 2250:the 1930s, the 2228:S. Davis Wilson 2149:Great Migration 2034:urban sociology 1983:U.S. Naval Yard 1923:in October 1912 1903: 1882:Great Migration 1870:Southern Europe 1636: 1630: 1585: 1579: 1493: 1307: 1301: 1185: 1179: 1173: 1110: 1104: 1033:Andrew Bradford 790:between modern 698:Delaware nation 631:in present-day 621:Sven Gunnarsson 583:Christina River 482:Queen Christina 376: 370: 322:was called the 263: 245: 239: 230: 219: 213: 210: 167: 165: 155: 143: 132: 12: 11: 5: 6090: 6088: 6080: 6079: 6069: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6058: 6048: 6037: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5976: 5974: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5940: 5938: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5899: 5897: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5726: 5725: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5579: 5577: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5546: 5545: 5535: 5534: 5533: 5531:Olney-Oak Lane 5528: 5523: 5513: 5507: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5449: 5447: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5437: 5435:Transportation 5432: 5427: 5426: 5425: 5415: 5410: 5408:Notable people 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5349: 5348: 5337: 5335: 5331: 5330: 5323: 5321: 5320: 5313: 5306: 5298: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5268: 5267:External links 5265: 5264: 5263: 5241: 5226:"Philadelphia" 5221: 5210: 5198: 5112: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5093: 5068: 5043: 5024: 5017: 5006: 4999: 4992: 4985: 4980: 4965: 4954: 4947: 4940: 4929: 4922: 4917: 4902: 4895: 4893:online edition 4889: 4884: 4867: 4859: 4854:Main article: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4844: 4819: 4788: 4770: 4750: 4724: 4704: 4692: 4678: 4655: 4628: 4616: 4597: 4585: 4573: 4550: 4538: 4526: 4514: 4502: 4490: 4478: 4466: 4454: 4442: 4430: 4418: 4400: 4388: 4376: 4364: 4346: 4319: 4307: 4295: 4283: 4271: 4248: 4233: 4180: 4148: 4087: 4075: 4063: 4051: 4038: 3996: 3984: 3972: 3943: 3931: 3919: 3907: 3895: 3879: 3873: 3855: 3843: 3831: 3819: 3807: 3795: 3783: 3771: 3745: 3733: 3721: 3709: 3697: 3685: 3673: 3658: 3646: 3634: 3625:Gary B. Nash, 3618: 3602: 3589: 3576: 3561: 3540: 3531: 3519: 3507: 3492: 3480: 3468: 3456: 3444: 3432: 3417: 3405: 3393: 3381: 3369: 3357: 3345: 3319: 3298: 3286: 3272: 3260: 3248: 3236: 3224: 3212: 3185: 3159: 3136: 3124: 3109: 3091: 3073: 3059: 3053: 3029: 3004: 2979: 2959: 2943: 2917: 2892: 2866: 2857: 2838: 2829: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2767:History portal 2756: 2742: 2726: 2723: 2697:Michael Nutter 2661:John F. Street 2597: 2594: 2568:Italian Market 2460:Girard College 2420:Bernard Samuel 2409:Penn's Landing 2378:Southeast Asia 2374:gentrification 2341:expanded, the 2335:Fairmount area 2323:gentrification 2133:Eastern Europe 2113:Smedley Butler 2097:Woodrow Wilson 2049:who developed 2002:and the first 1938:, outside the 1932:Mounted police 1902: 1899: 1874:Eastern Europe 1811:Saint-Domingue 1736:Fairmount Park 1719:were founded. 1656:Eastern Europe 1629: 1626: 1581:Main article: 1578: 1575: 1501:Market Streets 1492: 1489: 1409:Saint-Domingue 1325:. Fearing the 1303:Main article: 1300: 1297: 1172: 1169: 1122:Townshend Acts 1103: 1100: 1069:first hospital 788:Delaware River 718:Lord Baltimore 642:In 1681, King 629:Queens Village 614:New Netherland 602:New Netherland 587:Fort Christina 551:Tinicum Island 486:Delaware River 478:Fort Christina 466:New Netherland 429:Dutch Republic 425:New Netherland 417:Delaware River 404:A 1796 map of 369: 366: 354:Fairmount Park 273:A 1683 map of 238: 237:Pre-settlement 235: 232: 231: 146: 144: 137: 131: 128: 116:gentrification 22:A 1752 map of 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6089: 6078: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6047: 6039: 6038: 6035: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6013: 6012:United States 6008: 6006: 6005:Syng inkstand 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5995:Congress Hall 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5971: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5935: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5892: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5780:Mütter Museum 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5693:Grumblethorpe 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5572: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5539: 5536: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5503:Neighborhoods 5500: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5319: 5314: 5312: 5307: 5305: 5300: 5299: 5296: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5274: 5271: 5270: 5266: 5260: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5242: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5222: 5218: 5217: 5211: 5207: 5206: 5199: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5097: 5090: 5084: 5076: 5075: 5069: 5065: 5053: 5046: 5044:0-393-01610-2 5040: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5025: 5022: 5018: 5015:, D. C. Heath 5014: 5013: 5007: 5004: 5000: 4997: 4993: 4990: 4986: 4983: 4981:9781404758285 4977: 4973: 4972: 4966: 4962: 4961: 4955: 4952: 4948: 4945: 4942:Lane, Roger. 4941: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4927: 4923: 4920: 4918:1-58573-026-2 4914: 4910: 4909: 4903: 4900: 4896: 4894: 4890: 4887: 4885:0-9658825-1-9 4881: 4876: 4875: 4868: 4865: 4861: 4860: 4857: 4849: 4834: 4830: 4823: 4820: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4792: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4766: 4761: 4754: 4751: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4731: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4720: 4715: 4708: 4705: 4701: 4696: 4693: 4681: 4675: 4671: 4670: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4643: 4639: 4632: 4629: 4625: 4620: 4617: 4613: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4586: 4582: 4577: 4574: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4554: 4551: 4548:, p. 621 4547: 4542: 4539: 4535: 4530: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4515: 4512:, p. 652 4511: 4506: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4491: 4487: 4482: 4479: 4476:, p. 707 4475: 4470: 4467: 4463: 4458: 4455: 4451: 4446: 4443: 4439: 4434: 4431: 4427: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4415: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4389: 4385: 4380: 4377: 4373: 4368: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4350: 4347: 4334: 4330: 4323: 4320: 4316: 4311: 4308: 4305:, p. 586 4304: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4287: 4284: 4280: 4275: 4272: 4268: 4267:0-7178-0562-X 4264: 4260: 4259: 4252: 4249: 4245: 4240: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4192: 4184: 4181: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4163: 4158: 4152: 4149: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4091: 4088: 4085:, p. 535 4084: 4079: 4076: 4073:, p. 340 4072: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4039: 4034: 4022: 4007: 4000: 3997: 3994:, p. 208 3993: 3988: 3985: 3982:, p. 235 3981: 3976: 3973: 3968: 3962: 3954: 3947: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3932: 3928: 3923: 3920: 3916: 3911: 3908: 3905:, p. 506 3904: 3899: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3883: 3880: 3876: 3874:0-7385-3888-4 3870: 3866: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3847: 3844: 3840: 3835: 3832: 3828: 3823: 3820: 3816: 3811: 3808: 3805:, p. 420 3804: 3799: 3796: 3792: 3787: 3784: 3781:, p. 394 3780: 3775: 3772: 3759: 3755: 3749: 3746: 3743:, p. 353 3742: 3737: 3734: 3730: 3725: 3722: 3719:, p. 318 3718: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3686: 3683:, p. 218 3682: 3677: 3674: 3670: 3665: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3628: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3606: 3603: 3599: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3568: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3535: 3532: 3528: 3523: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3508: 3503: 3496: 3493: 3487: 3485: 3481: 3478:, p. 134 3477: 3472: 3469: 3466:, p. 118 3465: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3409: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3382: 3378: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3315:public domain 3307: 3302: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3287: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3228: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3213: 3200: 3196: 3189: 3186: 3181: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3154: 3149: 3143: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3128: 3125: 3120: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3103: 3100: 3095: 3092: 3087: 3083: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3054:1-58573-026-2 3050: 3046: 3042: 3041: 3033: 3030: 3018: 3014: 3008: 3005: 2994:on 2001-05-07 2993: 2989: 2983: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2971: 2963: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2947: 2944: 2931: 2927: 2921: 2918: 2907:on 2007-12-09 2906: 2902: 2896: 2893: 2880: 2876: 2870: 2867: 2861: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2847: 2842: 2839: 2836:Cotter, p.28. 2833: 2830: 2826: 2820: 2817: 2810: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2757: 2754: 2743: 2740: 2729: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2698: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2676: 2670: 2667: 2662: 2654: 2650: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2628: 2624: 2623:John A Wilson 2620: 2619: 2614: 2607: 2602: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2590: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2527:In 1985, the 2525: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2505: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2484: 2482: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2444: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2386:South America 2383: 2379: 2375: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2331:Queen Village 2328: 2324: 2320: 2319:Market Street 2316: 2312: 2308: 2303: 2299: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2166:in 1914, the 2165: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2127: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2107: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2091: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2079:Boies Penrose 2076: 2072: 2068: 2063: 2059: 2058:Israel Durham 2054: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2040: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1941: 1937: 1936:American flag 1933: 1929: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1913: 1907: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1886:Puerto Ricans 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1857:of President 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1775:Panic of 1873 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1753: 1752:Liberty Place 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1674: 1669: 1668:Northern U.S. 1665: 1661: 1657: 1652: 1648: 1646: 1641: 1635: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1602:Joseph Sturge 1599: 1595: 1594:anti-Catholic 1591: 1584: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1546: 1541: 1534: 1533:Old City Hall 1530: 1526: 1525:Congress Hall 1521: 1514: 1509: 1502: 1497: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1483:and then the 1482: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1457:Supreme Court 1454: 1453:Congress Hall 1450: 1445: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1401:Benjamin Rush 1398: 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During the 1154: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1109: 1101: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1021:Christ Church 1016: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 980: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 959: 955: 951: 946: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 903: 901: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 871: 867: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 780: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 757: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 690: 688: 683: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 640: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 617: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 594: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 567: 563: 562:Susquehannock 558: 556: 555:the Printzhof 552: 548: 544: 540: 538: 534: 533:John Winthrop 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 493: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 458: 457:Kalmar Nyckel 453: 448: 446: 442: 438: 437:Susquehannock 434: 430: 427:claim of the 426: 422: 418: 414: 407: 402: 395: 391: 384: 380: 375: 367: 365: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 330: 329: 328:Lënapei Sipu. 325: 321: 317: 314: 310: 303: 299: 298:Benjamin West 295: 291: 283: 276: 271: 258: 254: 249: 244: 236: 228: 225: 217: 206: 203: 199: 196: 192: 189: 185: 182: 178: 175: – 174: 170: 169:Find sources: 163: 159: 153: 152: 147:This article 145: 141: 136: 135: 129: 127: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 104: 102: 98: 94: 89: 86: 82: 77: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 54:Lenape people 51: 47: 43: 40: 39:English Crown 36: 32: 25: 20: 16: 6011: 6000:Liberty Bell 5835:Rodin Museum 5668:Fort Mifflin 5483:Free Library 5463:City Council 5383:Demographics 5363:Bibliography 5358:Architecture 5340: 5249: 5229: 5215: 5203: 5106: 5073: 5060:|first= 5029: 5020: 5011: 5002: 4995: 4988: 4970: 4959: 4950: 4949:Nash, Gary. 4943: 4932: 4925: 4907: 4898: 4873: 4863: 4850:Bibliography 4836:. 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