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1580:, located on the south bank. A major issue for Manchester and Richmond residents in the 19th century and early 20th century were the toll bridges over the James River. In 1910, Manchester agreed to a political consolidation with the much larger independent city of Richmond. Richmond's better-known name was used for both areas as it contained the location of Virginia's state capital. Key features of the consolidation agreement were requirements that a "free bridge" across the James River and a separate courthouse in Manchester be maintained indefinitely. Instead of a barrier between neighboring cities, under the consolidation the James River became the centerpiece of the expanded Richmond. Although Manchester is now defunct as an independent city, vestiges of the name can be found in the Manchester Bridge, Manchester Slave Trail, and the Manchester Courthouse.
788:. It is likely the largest burial ground for enslaved and free people of color in the United States, with over 22,000 interments estimated. This burial ground had no historical marker, or signage of any kind. By 1906 it no longer appeared on any maps. It had long been miss-defined, and on the surface rendered invisible. It has suffered numerous atrocities over time. In 2021 it was added to Historic Virginia's list of Virginia's list of most endangered historic places. However through advocacy, some progress has been made. In 2021 the city of Richmond reclaimed a 1.2 acre parcel of the 31 acre burial ground. On June 12, 2022 an Historical Highway Marker was unveiled at the site that was sponsored by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources. In March of 2022 the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground was also added (as part of the
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was closed and two new burying grounds were opened, The "Burying Ground for Free People of Colour", and the "Burying Ground for
Negroes (Slaves)". Both plots consisted of one acre each and were located directly east of the Jew's Burying Ground (Hebrew Cemetery) on the opposite side of 5th St. at what is now Hospital St. It was established within the 28 1/2 acre city of Richmond Property on which the Poorhouse was located on Shockoe Hill. An extension of the original two acres was made before 1835, and again in 1850 that grew the burial ground to as many as 15 acres. It appears on the 1853 Smith Map of Henrico County by two names, the "Shockoe Hill Burying Ground" on the county portion of the map, and the "African Burying Ground" on the separate city portion of the map. This cemetery now called the "
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Haxall Canal, now designed as a Canal Walk. The riverfront project has brought this 1.25-mile (2.01 km) corridor back to life, with trendy loft apartments, restaurants, shops and hotels winding along the Canal Walk, along with canal boat cruises and walking tours. The
National Park Service's Richmond Civil War Visitor Center, in the Tredegar Iron Works, brought three floors of exhibits and artifacts, films, a bookstore, picnic areas and more. Virginia Commonwealth University has also been aggressively developing its campuses downtown, with the new Stuart C. Siegel Center athletic complex, and RAMZ apartments.
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1942:. The storm lingered over the Richmond area, dumping nearly 12 inches (300 mm) of rain in the Shockoe Bottom watershed which then backed up behind the James River flood wall. A 20-block area, including most of Shockoe Bottom, was declared uninhabitable in the wake of the flood. The "Bottom" has recovered as a major restaurant and night club district after changes to the area's sewage system were made to prevent a re-occurrence.
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1126:'s own desk, symbolically saying to the nation that the President of the United States held authority over the entire land. Citizens and freed slaves greeted Lincoln as a conquering hero. One admirer reportedly said, "I know I am free, for I have seen the face of Father Abraham and have felt him." When a general asked Lincoln how the defeated Confederates should be treated, Lincoln replied, "Let 'em up easy."
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1600:. It was selected due to the city's geographic location, its importance as a commercial and financial center, its transportation and communications facilities, as well as Virginia's leading regional role in the banking business. The bank was originally located near the federal courts downtown and moved to a new headquarters building near the Capitol in 1922 (today the
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In 2002, the new, expanded
Greater Richmond Convention Center opened for business, containing more than 600,000 square feet (60,000 m). The convention center, located in the heart of downtown Richmond, is the largest of its kind in the state. Renovation continues in the historic neighborhood of
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in 1945, more than 350,000,000 pounds of war supplies were being shipped through the
Defense General Supply Center, located nine miles (14 km) south of the city. 1946 marked a crucial turning point for Richmond's economy. During that year, the highest level of business activity was recorded in
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of 1644–45, the
Powhatan tribes signed a peace treaty in 1646 ceding the settlers all territory below the Fall Line, from the Blackwater River to the York River. At this time, the colony built Fort Charles at the falls of the James, near where the legal frontier was for over half a century. After two
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Gabriel Archer, who wrote the fullest account of the visit to
Parahunt's village later that day, gave a vivid description of this inhabitation, which he called Pawatah's Tower. He reported that there were 12 houses on the hill, with various crops growing on the plain between the hill and the islands
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as their Acca Temple Shrine, and since then, many of
America's greatest entertainers have appeared on its stage beneath its towering minarets and desert murals. Loew's Theater was built in 1927, and was described as, "the ultimate in 1920s movie palace fantasy design." It later suffered a decline in
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in 1808. It is believed that between 1800 and 1865, 300,000 slaves were sent from
Virginia, a majority of them from Richmond's Shockoe Bottom markets and auctions, to work in the deep south. The first municipal burial ground dedicated expressly for Negroes (enslaved) and free people of color by the
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upon a
Virginia model). Jefferson became Virginia's governor during the war, although he had to flee British raiders and pass through Richmond several times. In 1780, Virginia's state capital was officially moved from Williamsburg to Richmond. During the war, British troops captured Williamsburg and
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had begun. With the outbreak of war, followed by
Virginia's secession in May 1861, the strategic location of the Tredegar Iron Works was one of the primary factors in the decision to relocate the capital of the Confederacy to Richmond. From this arsenal came much of the Confederates' heavy ordnance
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and was noted on the 1809 Plan of Richmond as the "Burial Ground for Negroes". A historic marker at 15th and E. Broad overlooks the area to the north where the burying ground once existed. In 1810 free Black Richmonders petitioned for a new site, and in 1816 the Shockoe Bottom African Burial Ground
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The English did not visit the falls again for a year and a half, although during this time they continued attempting to negotiate with the paramount Chief Powhatan for an assault on the Monacans. After Newport's return from England in September 1608, he unilaterally took a party of 120 soldiers to
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The floodwall downtown was expanded, and opened the doors for the development of the riverfront, stretching along the James River from the historic Tredegar Iron Works site, just west of 7th Street, to 17th Street downtown. Recent renovations included the rebuilt James River and Kanawha Canal and
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The following day, Newport shared some of his ship's provisions, pork and peas, with Parahunt, and learned what he could of local geography and politics from him. As they were particularly eager to proceed beyond the falls, Parahunt agreed to meet them there, where he dissuaded Newport from going
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and owned by Larus & Brothers, went on the air. The white ballad singers and black gospel quartets that were popular on the radio at the time were often urban and sometimes even professional men. At the time, Richmond was particularly self-conscious with its southern roots, and such music was
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Several other important events took place in Richmond early in the century, including the designation of Jefferson, Madison and Monroe as Richmond's first political districts in 1803; the charter of the Bank of Virginia, the city's first bank, was signed in 1804; and the first public library was
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was added to the famed series of statues on Monument Avenue. Notwithstanding objections of purists in the country, Ashe was added to a group of statues that previously had consisted primarily of prominent Confederate military figures, as a sign of the changing nature of the city's population.
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In 1869, the segregated public school system was started in the city. Black voters registered in the city's first municipal election since the end of the Civil War. One year later, Virginia was readmitted to the Union with a new Constitution and federal troops were removed from the city.
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In the 2010 census the population in Richmond finally grew for the first time in 40 years due to revitalization of places like Shockoe Bottom, and rapid gentrification of neighborhoods like The Fan and The Museum District, Church Hill, Jackson Ward, and in more recent years, Manchester.
436:. Even so, the Powhatans did not fully appreciate that the English were now actually in possession of their fortified town (which Smith had renamed Nonsuch), and thus they began to harass the settlers, eventually forcing West to abandon the project and return to Jamestown. In fall 1610,
1054:" combined to unnerve the ever-cautious McClellan, and he initiated a Union retreat before Richmond. Even as other portions of the South were falling, the failure of the Peninsula Campaign to take Richmond led to almost three more years of bitter and bloody warfare between the states.
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chartered St. Luke Penny Savings Bank, and served as its first president, as well as the first female (of any race) bank president in the United States. Today, the bank is called the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company, and it is the oldest surviving African-American bank in the U.S.
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Virginia politics underwent many power struggles in the 1870s and 1880s. Conservatives split over repayment of the state's pre-war debt. "Funders" wanted the full amount to be paid, much of which was held by northern interests. "Readjusters" wanted a portion to be paid by the new
1099:, and warehouses as they left. The fires spread out of control, and destroyed large parts of the city, reaching to the very edge of Capitol Square mostly unchecked. At dawn, Richmond's mayor and other civilians went to the Union lines east of Richmond on New Market Road (now
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to settle at the falls, in the district known as Rockett's. Smith then personally came to "West Fort" and arranged to purchase the entire Indian village (about 3 miles (4.8 km) from the fort) from Parahunt for an amount of copper and an Englishman named
1780:. After World War II, with only four traffic lanes and long stretches of undivided roadway, the Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway became a major area of traffic congestion, as well as the site of occasional spectacular and deadly head-on collisions.
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1870 has been called the Year of Disasters: the worst flood in 100 years occurred; overcrowding during a court hearing over Richmond's elections collapsed the third floor of the Virginia State Capitol, causing it to fall into the Hall of the
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In 1656 several hundred Nahyssans and Mahocks (Siouan groups) and Rechahecrians (possibly Erie) threatened both the Powhatans and the English by settling near the falls; a combined force of English and Pamunkeys was sent to dislodge them in
329:, during their next exploration up the James, first learned of the existence of this important site from the natives upon reaching Turkey Island on May 22, 1607. The falls marked the western frontier of the confederacy with its enemies, the
1122:. Arriving as fires set by the retreating Confederates still smoldered, Lincoln went to the White House of the Confederacy, expecting a communication from the retreating forces. Some wanted him to make a public gesture of sitting at
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was granted lands on the James River that included the area around Falls that would become Richmond and already included small settlements. Byrd was a well-connected Indian trader in the area and established a fort on the site.
1087:(April 2), President Davis, his cabinet, and the Confederate defenders abandoned Richmond, and fled south on the last open railroad line, the Richmond and Danville. The retreating Confederate soldiers received orders to set
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living in the Richmond-Henrico-Chesterfield-Dinwiddie-Caroline-Hanover areas, and perhaps as far southeast along the James River as Norfolk. By the start of the 19th century, the city's population had reached 5,730.
792:) to the Virginia Landmarks Register, and in June 2022 to the National Register of Historic Places. Some progress has clearly been made for the burial ground's recognition, however, it remains an endangered site.
556:. Mayo divided the town into four-lot thirty-two squares, and immediately outside of town limits there were larger plots of land which were to be sold as the future sites for suburban villas. The name came from
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The theater mogul, Jake Wells, built a number of vaudeville theaters and opera houses in Richmond during the early 20th century. Other theaters and opera houses open on what became "Theater Row", to include
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was planned with only 15 exits, and most of these were well away from the highly developed commercial areas along parallel U.S. 301. The Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike opened in 1958, and soon was granted the
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Fred Bishop on Westhampton Avenue (now called Cary Street) in a residential area of the city. To this day, the Byrd remains in operation as one of the last of the great movie palaces of the 1920s and 1930s.
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was laid out in 1890, and would over the next several decades be gradually adorned with a series of monuments at various intersections honoring the city's Confederate heroes. Included (east to west) were
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By the early 21st century, the population of the greater Richmond metropolitan area had reached approximately 1,100,000 although the population of the city itself had declined to less than 200,000.
1860:, a downtown festival marketplace, which was envisioned as a solution to the downtown area's urban erosion. The project ultimately failed, and the shopping center was closed and demolished in 2004.
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was completed in 1995, in order to protect the city and the Shockoe Bottom businesses from the rising waters of the James River. Also during 1995, a statue of Richmond native and tennis star
784:", is also presently referred to by some as the "2nd African Burial Ground" or "second African Burying Ground"; it was a segregated part of the "Shockoe Hill Burying Ground" also known as the
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By a year later, in September 1609, Powhatan's people seemed in such awe of the colony's then-President, Captain John Smith, that Smith felt emboldened to send another force of 120 men under
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swept through the area, bringing with it intense rain, causing severe flooding in the Shockoe Bottom business district, as well as major electrical outages throughout the metropolitan area.
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pioneers, to serve as a further buffer between the downriver English plantations and the native tribes. The name of the Huguenots' village survives today in that of the Richmond suburb of
1391:, the trolley system opened its first line in January 1888. Richmond's hills, long a transportation obstacle, were considered an ideal proving ground. The new technology soon replaced
490:, a Virginia Burgess 1692–94, owned much of the land in the latter 17th century that would become Richmond. By around 1699 or 1700, the Monacan had abandoned their closest settlement,
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741:. The Virginia Ratifying Convention also recommended adoption of a Bill of Rights modeled on one previously adopted in the Commonwealth, as eventually occurred on December 15, 1791.
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designation in the Richmond area, splitting into Interstates 85 and 95 at Petersburg. The turnpike disrupted the urban fabric of central Richmond and the Jackson Ward neighborhood.
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1160:, moved the seat of government of "restored" Virginia from Alexandria back to Richmond. The Virginia General Assembly was once again located in the State House in Richmond.
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From Civility to Survival: Richmond Ladies During the Civil War: The Ladies reveal their wartime private thoughts and struggles in compelling diaries and emotional memories
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popularity as the movie-going population moved to the suburbs, but was restored during the 1980s and renamed as the Carpenter Center for the Performing Arts. In 1928, the
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tribe, and Newport soon became obsessed with this location and the idea of assisting the Powhatans against them militarily. The next day, while being entertained by a
1757:. The Richmond-Petersburg area's interurban services were gone by 1939. The last streetcars ran in 1949 on the Highland Park line when they were replaced by buses.
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was introduced to Richmond in 1950 to meet the growing energy demand. By 1952, cigarette production reached an all-time high for Richmond at 110 billion per year.
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310:. The Powhatan "proper" were one of the main constituent groups in the confederacy of the same name, and the river, in their language, was likewise known as the
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544:, which required inspectors to grade tobacco at 40 different locations. This led to much development at the Falls of the James. Seven years later, in 1737,
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while the women provided them strawberries and mulberries, the Englishmen decided to visit the nearby waterfalls, found they could pass no farther in their
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Latimore, Carey H., IV, "A Step Closer to Slavery? Free African Americans, Industrialization, Social Control, and Residency in Richmond City, 1850–1860,"
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dumped 16 inches (410 mm) of rain on central Virginia. This flooded the James River to 6.5 feet (2.0 m) over the original 200-year-old record.
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The population of the city had grown to 255,426 by 1936, and the value of new construction to the region was 250% over that of 1935. By 1938,
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manufacturing was introduced in Richmond by P.H. Mayo & Bros. Tobacco Co. in 1874, further expanding the city's economic importance to the
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the falls and explored the country beyond. This upset Chief Powhatan, and the natives at Powhatan village hid their corn, refusing to sell it.
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Between 1963 and 1965, there was a huge, "downtown boom," that led to the construction of more than 700 buildings in the city. In 1968,
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often raided Virginia towns accessible by water (including Richmond). The worst raid to befall Richmond (a port city at the falls of the
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440:(West's brother) made a second attempt to build a fort at the falls, which managed to last all winter, but was then likewise abandoned.
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1931:'s sustained winds of 40–60 miles per hour (64–97 km/h) caused major power outages in the area. A year later, in September 2004,
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Hodder, Robert. "Redefining a southern city's heritage: Historic preservation planning, public art, and race in Richmond, Virginia."
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Hoffman, Steven J. "Progressive public health administration in the Jim Crow south: A case study of Richmond, Virginia, 1907–1920."
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opened and the National Confederate Reunion (the first of five) was held in Richmond. One year later the Richmond Chapter of the
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of Powhatan. Meeting Parahunt one last time, Newport presented him with a gown and an English hatchet, and returned to Jamestown.
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tribe, had his main capital on a high hill overlooking the falls of the James, shown as a "king's house" on the 1608 map made by
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572:) was built in the present day neighborhood of Church Hill, the oldest neighborhood in the city, overlooking downtown Richmond,
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The Christopher Newport Cross monument on the canal, commemorating the cross he erected at the current site of Richmond in 1607.
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On August 31, 2004, the Shockoe Bottom district was devastated by flooding brought on by torrential rains from the remnants of
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as its honorary corporate president, in part because Washington had advocated westward canal development. Development of the
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Smith, Ryan K. "Death and Rebirth in a Southern City: Richmond's Historic Cemeteries" (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2020)
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shaped several local issues. Shockoe Bottom became a center for slave trading in the years after Congress prohibited the US-
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1221:, was established that year. (Today, the historic campus is located on Lombardy Street just north of the downtown area).
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in America still in continuous use was constructed on Franklin Street between 18th and 19th Streets in downtown Richmond.
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Zombek, Angela M. "Paternalism and Imprisonment at Castle Thunder: Reinforcing Gender Norms in the Confederate Capital."
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had squandered the family fortune and resorted to a public lottery to raise money for his debts. He auctioned off large
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fire, killing eight people. Over the next decade, the city's first high school, Richmond High School, opened in 1873.
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the history of the city. Within one year, Richmond was the fastest growing industrial center in the United States.
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On April 4, President Abraham Lincoln toured the fallen city by foot with his young son Tad, and visited the former
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Shells of the buildings of Richmond, silhouetted against a dark sky after the destruction by Confederates, 1865.
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Richmond was also the center of regional communications, with several newspapers and book publishers, including
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was constructed as a memorial to the World War I dead. The Carillon still towers above Byrd Park in the city.
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Also during the 1920s, Richmond's entertainment venues developed further. In 1926, The Mosque (now called the
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as housewives could no longer afford very high food prices and broke into stores. The militia was called out.
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718:, which Jefferson had drafted in 1779, in Richmond on January 16, 1786, which is now commemorated annually as
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By 1900, the city's population had reached 85,050, making it the biggest city in Virginia by a wide margin.
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Virginia ratified the proposed U.S. Constitution on June 26, 1788, after a tumultuous and nearly month-long
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Naragon, Michael. "From chattel to citizen: The transition from slavery to freedom in Richmond, Virginia."
875:, was hired by Richmond businessmen and industrialists to construct furnaces and rolling mills used in the
707:) ensued. This led to Richmond's further development as a commercial (and slave-trading) center. The first
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807:, occurred near Richmond in 1800. This uprising was rumored to have involved 1000–4000 free and enslaved
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1395:. As part of a national trend, in the late 19th century and early 20th century, the electrically powered
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256:, as a modern city, dates to the early 17th century, and is crucial to the development of the colony of
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In the 1980s, the James Center was built on what was previously the Canal Basin, later a railroad yard.
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into Monacan country. Returning downriver, the Captain erected, on one of the islands, a cross reading
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who traveled with his mother to listen to sermons. Richmond was chartered as a town in 1742. By 1768,
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through the cities of Richmond, Colonial Heights, and Petersburg. It crossed the James River on the
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1149:. Northern leadership would deal much more harshly with the fallen states than Lincoln had planned.
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416:; however, he told his guide, Navirans, that the cross signified an alliance between himself and the
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Bunco Artists in Richmond, 1870-1920: Sharpers, Snatchers, Swindlers, Flimflammers and Other Con Men
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As roads improved in the early 20th century, streetcars were unable to compete with automobiles and
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of Virginia, the first elected African-American governor of any state in United States history.
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2299:"Lincoln's Visit to Richmond - Richmond National Battlefield Park (U.S. National Park Service)"
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In 1894, a new City Hall was built in Victorian Gothic style. The building, now called the "
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were assuming power in state politics, which they held about 80 years, until the fall of the
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1133:. About a week after Richmond's evacuation, Robert E. Lee surrendered to Grant, ending the
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in Montgomery, Alabama. Two months after Davis' inauguration, the Confederate army fired on
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systems accelerated Richmond's expansion. To generate traffic and fuel sales of property,
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of the late 18th century (1791-1804), slaveowners were faced with the prospect of similar
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Chesson, Michael B. "Richmond's Black Councilman, 1871–96," in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed.
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across the James River, named Mayo's Bridge after the town's founder, was built in 1787.
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By the early 18th century, the population of the area was still below 200. In 1730, the
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2695:"Education for All: The Freedmen's Bureau Schools in Richmond and Petersburg, 1865–1870.
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For over 250 years, the James River divided Richmond on the north bank from its sister,
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laid out the original street plan for the town of Richmond, on land provided by Colonel
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Authority as a state agency to administer the new Turnpike of the same name. The new
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the previous year) to pass a resolution delivering Virginia troops to what became the
314:. The village where Richmond is now also went by the name of Powhatan (transcribed by
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was established in the city. Richmond entered the broadcasting era in late 1925 when
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1103:) and surrendered the city; Union troops entered and eventually quenched the flames.
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business. By 1837 the rolling mills were merged with the Virginia Foundry, creating
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building), and finally to its present location overlooking the James River in 1978.
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1304:, was elected as Virginia's governor, serving from 1882 to 1886. However, by 1883,
926:
made history by having himself nailed into a small box and shipped from Richmond to
803:
in the American British Colonies. A thwarted major uprising known most popularly as
494:, above the falls at Bernard's Creek — which was then repopulated with French
1921:
1747:
1732:
1715:
1637:
1504:
1225:
1051:
978:
916:
840:
723:
428:
353:
2772:
Rights for a season: The politics of race, class, and gender in Richmond, Virginia
2678:
Educational Reconstruction: African American Schools in the Urban South, 1865–1890
2316:
2220:
Michael B. Chesson, "Harlots or Heroines? A New Look at the Richmond Bread Riot."
2082:
1340:. In 1885, the Robert E. Lee Camp Soldiers Home for Confederate Veterans opened.
1057:
922:
The aversion to the slave trade was growing by the mid-19th century, and in 1848,
2885:
1038:, Richmond's defensive line of batteries and fortifications set up under General
2779:"Crime and Punishment in Early National America: Richmond, Virginia, 1784–1820."
1879:
1820:
1608:
1471:
neighborhoods began to grow rapidly, such as the Fan District, and Church Hill.
1416:
1366:
1297:
1023:
1011:
993:
965:
821:
665:
480:
273:
23:
2702:
The Dream is Lost: Voting Rights and the Politics of Race in Richmond, Virginia
2362:
Francis H. Pierpont: Union War Governor of Virginia and Father of West Virginia
1463:, also using the Sprague technology, later operated in local service in nearby
2803:
Rearing Wolves to Our Own Destruction: Slavery in Richmond Virginia, 1782–1865
1875:
1468:
1460:
817:
522:
341:
276:
helped it develop a diversified economy and become a land transportation hub.
2176:"Virginia's Ratification - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net"
2175:
1403:
were created at the end of the lines at Lakeside Park, Westhampton Park (now
2238:"The Evacuation and Burning of Richmond, Virginia: Oscar F. Weisiger Letter"
2114:"National Register Nomination - 127-0019 - Mason's Hall, Richmond, Virginia"
1796:
1764:
system grew into a national network of highways, the area was served by the
1653:
1641:
1616:
1272:
industry. The last federal troops were removed from the South in 1877, and
1265:
829:
825:
585:
388:, and had six or seven families living on them. After meeting with the two
2643:
The Dooleys of Richmond: An Irish Immigrant Family in the Old and New South
1312:
in the late 1960s, following the death of former Governor and U.S. Senator
1042:, a daring ride around the Union Army by Confederate cavalry under General
2765:
The color of their skin: Education and race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954–89
2017:
1372:
919:, helping shape public opinion and further the education of the populace.
399:
1949:
was elected as Richmond's first directly elected mayor in over 60 years.
1868:
1739:, the "south's first television station" began broadcasting in Richmond.
1392:
1379:
and other neighborhoods developed with the advent of the streetcar lines.
1205:
The Donnan Block (1866), constructed in the ashes of the Evacuation Fire.
985:
872:
605:
534:
495:
444:
303:
298:
257:
2730:
American City, Southern Place: A Cultural History of Antebellum Richmond
2697:" (MA Thesis, University of Richmond, 2008).; Bibliography pages 136–40.
2028:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 310.
1171:
of New York, who was formerly under the command of Brever Major General
584:
to be sent from Pennsylvania in 1747 to lead and minister to religious
2788:
2778:
2225:
1736:
1337:
1269:
880:
767:
561:
369:
365:
248:
1365:. (The westernmost monument, honoring Richmond native and tennis star
443:
Following this, the English made no attempt to settle any higher than
1300:, where he served from 1881 to 1887, and the Readjuster's candidate,
1129:
In the meantime, the governor and top officials relocated briefly to
1092:
708:
596:), evangelized slaves (remarkable in its time), and influenced young
330:
1431:
services formed a suburban network from Richmond extending north to
1292:, conservative Democrats, and free blacks led by railroad executive
2824:
In Bondage and Freedom: Antebellum Black Life in Richmond, Virginia
2817:
The Richmond Slave Trade: The Economic Backbone of the Old Dominion
2553:"Roads to nowhere: how infrastructure built on American inequality"
1983:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Richmond, Virginia
1217:
began. Richmond's Theological School for Freedmen, later becoming
592:. He eventually helped found the first presbytery in Virginia (the
2680:(Fordham UP, 2016); case studies of Richmond and Mobile, Alabama.
1903:
1885:
1811:
1741:
1673:
1587:
1539:
1387:
system in the United States. Designed by electric power pioneer,
1371:
1200:
1056:
1010:, was a Union attempt to take Richmond, beginning from Union-held
839:
816:
established by the Library Society of Richmond in 1806. The first
753:
668:) occurred in 1781, when troops under the command of the turncoat
521:
398:
396:, and anchored for the night between the islands and the village.
385:
373:
283:
2624:. (Richmond: Metropolitan Richmond Chamber of Commerce, ca. 1975)
1137:. Within the same week, on April 14, 1865, President Lincoln was
1384:
1088:
887:, the largest foundry in the South and the third-largest in the
876:
864:
381:
377:
2744:
The politics of annexation: Oligarchic power in a southern city
2433:
2247:. A Civil War Collection from the VMI Archives. Archived from
1754:
1478:", is located just north of Capitol Square near the statue of
911:
was founded in the city. Besides transportation and industry,
828:
service began on the James River in 1815. In 1816, the first
676:. Yet Richmond recovered, and grew such that in May 1782, the
608:
of still-undeveloped Byrd family land in the Richmond region.
361:
17:
2810:
The Confederate State of Richmond: A Biography of the Capital
2275:"Recollections of the Evacuation of Richmond, April 2d, 1865"
1034:. Ruses to make the defending forces seem larger by General
977:
machinery, making 723 tons of armor plating that covered the
687:, which Jefferson designed. Also that year, it chartered the
344:, the explorers were visited by Parahunt, whom by his title (
2716:
Race, Class and Power in the Building of Richmond, 1870–1920
2571:
2054:"Hanover Presbytery (1755): Samuel Davies and Patrick Henry"
1768:
the busy north–south corridor in central Virginia shared by
1723:
1945–1960: Postwar Richmond and Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike
847:, along the banks of the James River, in Richmond, Virginia.
2652:. (Richmond: Edgar Allan Poe Museum, 1977, Reprinted 1999.)
2480:
1856:, began playing. Also in 1985, Richmond saw the opening of
1746:
Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike under construction, bisecting
683:
In 1785, the General Assembly laid the cornerstone for the
1848:
In 1984, the city completed the Diamond ballpark, and the
1324:
Richmond's population had reached 60,600 by 1880, and the
1236:. Many fallen Confederate troops were buried there and at
468:), where the ground was considered slightly more fertile.
2920:
College of William and Mary, Antebellum Richmond Articles
2636:
Rebel Richmond: Life and Death in the Confederate Capital
1663:(now Richmond International Airport) included a visit by
1467:
for several years. Also at this time, many of Richmond's
2789:"Black-White Relations in Richmond, Virginia, 1782–1820.
2617:. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc, 1976.)
1531:
An Emancipation Day celebration on Main Street, ca. 1905
1252:, killing 60 and injuring 250; Robert E. Lee's death in
2534:"When a Highway and a Coliseum Cut Through A Community"
1383:
Richmond had the first successful electrically powered
1964:, the Double-A affiliate of the San Francisco Giants.
1695:
The Tobacco industry helped Richmond recover from the
1559:
In 1903, African-American businesswoman and financier
1211:
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
1841:
Richmond suffered some severe flooding in 1972, when
1175:. Pierpont and his family returned home to Fairmont.
1026:
were successfully blocked by Confederate defenses at
2589:." September 2, 2004. Retrieved on January 20, 2010.
2364:. University of North Carolina Press: Raleigh, 1937.
2140:
The History of the Virginia Federal Convention: 1788
1544:
Former city flag of Richmond, dating from the 1910s.
1240:, just west of the Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond.
1228:
was celebrated in Richmond at Oakwood Cemetery near
903:
was chartered in 1847, and completed the circuit to
632:. This speech helped convince members of Virginia's
2758:
Nonesuch Place: A History of the Richmond Landscape
2671:
Confederate Citadel: Richmond and Its People at War
1455:at the end of the Nine Mile Road, where many Union
1191:
Richmond skyline after the Evacuation Fire of 1865.
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2937:Richmond Cemeteries, Second African Burying Ground
2891:Directory of Business and Professional Women, 1921
2603:Timeline of Richmond, Virginia § Bibliography
2576:September 26, 2001. Retrieved on January 20, 2010.
2498:." Published 1999, Hunter Publishing, Inc. p. 42.
1993:List of newspapers in Virginia in the 18th-century
1482:. It is across the Broad Street from the current
2085:from princeton.edu. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
1596:In 1914, Richmond became the headquarters of the
766:For much of the 19th century, the institution of
460:years, the site of Fort Charles was relocated to
2664:Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era
2449:At the Falls: Richmond, Virginia, and Its People
1890:Richmond skyline at the turn of the 21st century
1065:On April 2, 1863, the city was beset by a large
412:, declaring the country to be the possession of
2831:At the falls: Richmond, Virginia and its people
2522:September 15, 1992. Retrieved on July 11, 2007.
1556:, the Colonial Theater, The Lyric Opera House.
1213:abolished slavery. Richmond (and the South's)
680:meeting in Richmond incorporated it as a city.
464:on the South Side of the river (later known as
2882:(Yale University Press, 1981), Pulitzer Prize.
2732:. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000.)
1945:On November 2, 2004, former Virginia governor
1083:As the fall of Petersburg became imminent, on
820:lines to Richmond were established during the
348:), they mistook for his father, the paramount
2622:Richmond: Her Triumphs, Tragedies, and Growth
2375:"Arthur Ashe Monument - 3321 Monument Avenue"
1731:became the first black person elected to the
1407:), and Forest Hill Park. The Richmond area's
897:Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad
790:Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District
227:
8:
1735:since the Reconstruction era. Also in 1948,
1691:1930–1945: Great Depression and World War II
672:burned Richmond and its neighboring port at
125:Richmond, from the hill above the waterworks
2852:City Under Siege: Richmond in the Civil War
2822:Tyler-McGraw, Marie, and Gregg D. Kimball.
2119:. Virginia Department of Historic Resources
1783:In 1955, prior to the creation of the U.S.
930:, escaping slavery to the land of freedom.
2932:Richmond Cemeteries, African Burial Ground
2782:Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
2397:"Population - 1900: Geography of Virginia"
2222:Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
1867:, the grandson of slaves, was sworn in as
1598:Fifth District of the Federal Reserve Bank
1459:dead were interred. Electrically powered
1046:, and an unexpected appearance of General
318:as Paqwachowng), as well as Shocquohocan.
272:, Richmond's location at the falls of the
234:
220:
138:
2742:Moeser, John V., and Rutledge M. Dennis.
2317:"President Lincoln Enters Richmond, 1865"
1197:1865–1880: Reconstruction and City growth
859:opened its horse-drawn rail line between
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
2760:. (Charleston: The History Press, 2009.)
1526:
1105:
943:
867:mines, just south of the city. In 1833,
580:impacted the area in the 1740s, leading
352:(Wahunsunacawh, who actually resided at
130:
119:
2005:
1978:Timeline of Richmond, Virginia, history
899:in 1836. Other railroads followed: the
141:
2451:." Published 1994, UNC Press, p. 257.
2280:. John Murphy & Co. Archived from
1320:1880–1900: Monument Avenue, streetcars
716:Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
2422:Richmond Federal Reserve Bank History
2208:"Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground"
514:inherited his father's land in 1704.
7:
2903:Historic Richmond: St. John's Church
2805:(University of Virginia Press, 2000)
2551:Miller, Johnny (February 21, 2018).
2040:Chesterfield: An Old Virginia County
1260:, compounded grief, followed by the
777:Shockoe Bottom African Burial Ground
451:), which lasted from 1611 until the
360:in the river, such as wheat, beans,
292:in 1608 showing the Patawomeck River
46:adding citations to reliable sources
1517:United Daughters of the Confederacy
1022:. Efforts to take Richmond by the
895:service to the city began with the
855:arrived in Richmond. In 1831, the
782:Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground
2833:(U of North Carolina Press, 1994)
2096:"Great Awakening in Virginia, The"
1808:1960–2000: Modern city development
1584:World War and the Roaring Twenties
1072:After a long siege, Union General
940:Richmond in the American Civil War
14:
2657:Richmond after the war, 1865–1890
2336:"Henry Horatio Wells (1823–1900)"
1830:was created by the merger of the
1503:" laws did not deprive blacks of
691:, with soon-to-be U.S. President
624:" speech in what is now known as
384:. The islands were planted with
2854:(Rowman & Littlefield, 1995)
2555:– via www.theguardian.com.
2532:Libby, Kelley (April 14, 2016).
2494:Renouf, Norman; Renouf, Kathy. "
1828:Virginia Commonwealth University
1766:Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway
1710:moved its executive office from
1180:
722:. From 1785 to 1787, the oldest
714:The General Assembly passed the
622:Give me Liberty or Give me Death
203:
127:, showing the city ca. the 1830s
22:
2688:World War II Richmond, Virginia
2659:(Virginia State Library, 1981).
1836:Richmond Professional Institute
1667:. The airport was named after
1330:Richmond and Allegheny Railroad
1135:Battle of Appomattox Courthouse
57:"History of Richmond, Virginia"
33:needs additional citations for
2438:Retrieved on January 20, 2010.
1852:, a AAA baseball team for the
1256:, where he headed what is now
1116:White House of the Confederacy
948:Map of Richmond during the war
901:Richmond and Danville Railroad
720:National Religious Freedom Day
699:(ultimately to connect to the
1:
2952:History of Richmond, Virginia
2774:(U. of Tennessee Press, 2003)
2645:(U of Virginia Press, 2017).
2615:Richmond: The Story of a City
1778:Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge
1624:seen as culturally inferior.
1453:Seven Pines National Cemetery
1326:James River and Kanawha Canal
1296:. Mahone was elected to the
1258:Washington and Lee University
1224:In 1866, the first organized
962:Confederate States of America
857:Chesterfield Railroad Company
731:Virginia Ratifying Convention
2158:"Observing Constitution Day"
2138:Grigsby, Hugh Blair (1969).
2100:www.encyclopediavirginia.org
1793:Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike
750:1800–1860: Antebellum period
2925:September 13, 2005, at the
2793:Journal of Southern History
2767:(U of Virginia Press, 1993)
2567:6th Street to be torn down?
2485:Retrieved on July 11, 2007.
2469:Richmond's Landmark Theater
2019:"Richmond (Virginia)"
1832:Medical College of Virginia
1714:to Richmond. By the end of
1659:In 1927, the dedication of
1491:United States Supreme Court
1486:, which was built in 1971.
992:in March 1862, against the
909:Medical College of Virginia
657:Declaration of Independence
327:Captain Christopher Newport
325:, a party of English under
2968:
2787:Sheldon, Marianne Buroff.
2600:
2273:John A., Campbell (1880).
1952:In 2008, the AAA baseball
1619:, originally known as the
1592:Broad Street in the 1920s.
1328:closed with tracks of the
1014:at the eastern tip of the
970:Charleston, South Carolina
937:
928:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
646:American Revolutionary War
630:Second Virginia Convention
296:Until 1609, Parahunt, the
262:American Revolutionary War
135:East Main Street, ca. 1900
2723:Journal of Social History
2474:January 16, 2010, at the
2038:Francis Earl Lutz, 1954,
1962:Richmond Flying Squirrels
1863:In 1990, Richmond native
1789:Virginia General Assembly
1785:Interstate Highway System
1631:) was constructed by the
1621:Edgeworth Tobacco Station
1602:Supreme Court of Virginia
1480:Dr. Hunter Holmes McGuire
1219:Virginia Union University
1154:Francis Harrison Pierpont
775:city of Richmond was the
739:Articles of Confederation
678:Virginia General Assembly
640:had tried to dissolve in
2880:Mary Chesnut's Civil War
2826:(Valentine Museum, 1988)
2739:33 (March 2012), 119–37.
2725:(2001) 35#1 pp: 177–194.
2711:(1999) 21#4 pp: 437–453.
2709:Journal of Urban Affairs
2700:Hayter, Julian Maxwell.
2058:The Presbyterian Outlook
1958:Gwinnett County, Georgia
934:1861–1865: The Civil War
824:, and the first regular
651:Another year later, the
590:Hanover County, Virginia
455:. Following the Second
2913:August 1, 2005, at the
2878:Woodward, C. Vann, ed.
2795:(1979): 27–44. in JSTOR
2784:(1978): 33–44. in JSTOR
2756:Potterfield, T. Tyler.
2704:(UP of Kentucky, 2017).
2693:Hansen, Scott Britton.
2673:(UP of Kentucky, 2020).
2620:Sanford, James K., ed.
2321:eyewitnesstohistory.com
2194:"African Burial Ground"
2083:Presidents of Princeton
2025:Encyclopædia Britannica
1927:On September 19, 2003,
1607:In 1919, at the end of
1158:Fairmont, West Virginia
1145:in Washington, D.C. by
1061:Bread riots in Richmond
990:Battle of Hampton Roads
576:and Shockoe Slip. The
500:Manakin-Sabot, Virginia
453:Indian massacre of 1622
321:Soon after settling on
2447:Tyler-McGraw, Marie. "
2401:www.virginiaplaces.org
2224:92#2 (1984): 131-175.
2180:www.usconstitution.net
1909:
1891:
1874:A multimillion-dollar
1858:6th Street Marketplace
1817:
1750:
1687:
1593:
1568:Merger with Manchester
1545:
1532:
1405:University of Richmond
1380:
1369:, was added in 1996.)
1282:State of West Virginia
1206:
1120:Virginia State Capitol
1111:
1062:
949:
907:by 1854. In 1838, the
848:
763:
685:Virginia State Capitol
620:delivered his famous "
530:
529:, founder of Richmond.
404:
293:
288:Detail of map made by
136:
128:
2908:VCU History Resources
2861:63.3 (2017): 221–252.
2829:Tyler-McGraw, Marie.
2751:Slavery and Abolition
2737:Slavery and Abolition
2427:May 17, 2011, at the
2342:. Virginia Humanities
2340:Encyclopedia Virginia
2064:on September 14, 2013
1940:Tropical Storm Gaston
1933:Tropical Storm Gaston
1907:
1889:
1815:
1745:
1680:Model Tobacco Factory
1677:
1591:
1543:
1530:
1507:guaranteed under the
1375:
1204:
1109:
1060:
947:
873:Tredegar, South Wales
863:and the Chesterfield
853:Industrial Revolution
843:
836:Industrial revolution
786:Shockoe Hill Cemetery
760:Richmond Theatre fire
757:
705:Appalachian Mountains
594:Presbytery of Hanover
578:First Great Awakening
568:(affiliated with the
566:Henrico Parish Church
525:
476:, where the Pamunkey
402:
287:
134:
123:
2886:City Directory. 1856
2871:Wixson, Neal E. ed.
2777:Saunders, Robert M.
2753:21#2 (2000): 93-116.
2666:(1982) pp 191 – 222.
2655:Chesson, Michael B.
2648:Bondurant, Agnes M.
2641:Bayliss, Mary Lynn.
1762:National Auto Trails
1701:right-to-work states
1509:Fourteenth Amendment
1429:interurban streetcar
988:used in the two-day
984:, the world's first
653:Continental Congress
474:Battle of Bloody Run
466:Manchester, Virginia
42:improve this article
2770:Randolph, Lewis A.
2746:(2020) on Richmond.
2714:Hoffman, Steven J.
2669:DeCredico, Mary A.
2613:Dabney, Virginius.
2360:Ambler, Charles H.
1988:History of Virginia
1640:was built by local
1008:George B. McClellan
956:was inaugurated as
885:Tredegar Iron Works
871:, an engineer from
845:Tredegar Iron Works
805:Gabriel's Rebellion
772:African Slave Trade
689:James River Company
554:Westover Plantation
449:Chesterfield County
210:Virginia portal
191: •
187: •
183: •
164:American Revolution
143:History of Virginia
2875:(iUniverse, 2012).
2847:(McFarland, 2017).
2812:(LSU Press, 1998).
2728:Kimball, Gregg D.
2718:(McFarland, 2004).
2686:Griggs, Walter S.
2638:(UNC Press, 2019).
2164:. August 15, 2016.
1956:left Richmond for
1910:
1892:
1818:
1751:
1688:
1678:In the 1930s, the
1594:
1546:
1533:
1513:Confederate Museum
1501:separate but equal
1496:Plessy v. Ferguson
1484:Richmond City Hall
1415:, Barton Heights,
1381:
1302:William E. Cameron
1250:House of Delegates
1238:Hollywood Cemetery
1207:
1112:
1063:
1032:Seven Days Battles
1016:Virginia Peninsula
1004:Peninsula Campaign
952:In February 1861,
950:
905:Danville, Virginia
851:In the 1830s, the
849:
797:Haitian Revolution
764:
634:House of Burgesses
538:House of Burgesses
531:
457:Anglo-Powhatan War
414:James I of England
405:
294:
253:Richmond, Virginia
159:Colony of Virginia
137:
129:
2859:Civil War History
2808:Thomas, Emory M.
2763:Pratt, Robert A.
2629:Topical Histories
2608:General Histories
2516:A Grand Old House
2504:978-1-55650-835-6
2496:Romantic Weekends
2457:978-0-8078-4476-2
2385:on March 3, 2016.
2379:monumenthouse.com
2287:on March 4, 2016.
2210:. March 28, 2017.
2196:. August 6, 2012.
2162:National Archives
2052:Smylie, James H.
1947:L. Douglas Wilder
1908:Richmond at night
1865:L. Douglas Wilder
1686:in south Richmond
1665:Charles Lindbergh
1519:was established.
1409:streetcar suburbs
1359:Stonewall Jackson
1310:Byrd Organization
1288:, a coalition of
1284:, and formed the
1163:During President
1152:On May 25, 1865,
1147:John Wilkes Booth
1085:Evacuation Sunday
1048:Stonewall Jackson
1020:Old Point Comfort
1006:, led by General
924:Henry "Box" Brown
758:Depiction of the
697:James River Canal
693:George Washington
626:St. John's Church
612:Revolutionary War
570:Church of England
410:Jacobus Rex, 1607
346:weroance Powhatan
244:
243:
181:African-Americans
118:
117:
110:
92:
2959:
2815:Trammell, Jack.
2801:Takagi, Midori.
2634:Ash, Stephen V.
2590:
2587:Gaston Aftermath
2585:Crocker, Robb. "
2583:
2577:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2529:
2523:
2520:Inside Richmond.
2514:Trader, Carly. "
2512:
2506:
2492:
2486:
2465:
2459:
2445:
2439:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2381:. Archived from
2371:
2365:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2279:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2253:
2242:
2234:
2228:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2060:. Archived from
2049:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2021:
2010:
1929:Hurricane Isabel
1697:Great Depression
1682:was built along
1574:independent city
1561:Maggie L. Walker
1441:Colonial Heights
1425:Highland Springs
1421:Woodland Heights
1389:Frank J. Sprague
1363:Matthew F. Maury
1286:Readjuster Party
1184:
1076:captured nearby
1074:Ulysses S. Grant
1036:John B. Magruder
893:steam locomotive
735:Richmond Theatre
661:Thomas Jefferson
602:William Byrd III
438:Lord de la Warre
323:Jamestown Island
316:William Strachey
236:
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2942:
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2927:Wayback Machine
2915:Wayback Machine
2899:
2868:
2866:Primary sources
2843:Ward, Harry M.
2676:Green, Hilary.
2631:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:Further reading
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2493:
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2476:Wayback Machine
2467:Staff Writer. "
2466:
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2434:RichmondFed.org
2429:Wayback Machine
2419:
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2254:on May 28, 2010
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2067:
2065:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2037:
2033:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1974:
1954:Richmond Braves
1902:
1897:
1850:Richmond Braves
1843:Hurricane Agnes
1810:
1725:
1708:Reynolds Metals
1693:
1669:Richard E. Byrd
1586:
1570:
1538:
1525:
1401:amusement parks
1355:Jefferson Davis
1342:Monument Avenue
1334:James H. Dooley
1322:
1262:Spotswood Hotel
1199:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1124:Jefferson Davis
1080:in April 1865.
954:Jefferson Davis
942:
936:
838:
801:slave uprisings
752:
747:
670:Benedict Arnold
636:(that Governor
614:
550:William Byrd II
527:William Byrd II
520:
512:William Byrd II
282:
240:
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2898:
2897:External links
2895:
2894:
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2863:
2862:
2855:
2850:Wright, Mike.
2848:
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2016:, ed. (1911).
2014:Chisholm, Hugh
2004:
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1998:
1997:
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1985:
1980:
1973:
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1901:
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1854:Atlanta Braves
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1774:U.S. Route 301
1724:
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1629:Altria Theater
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1397:street railway
1321:
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1294:William Mahone
1274:Reconstruction
1234:Nine Mile Road
1215:Reconstruction
1198:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1173:John Schofield
1169:Henry H. Wells
1165:Andrew Johnson
1143:Ford's Theatre
1028:Drewry's Bluff
938:Main article:
935:
932:
837:
834:
795:Following the
751:
748:
746:
743:
613:
610:
574:Shockoe Bottom
519:
516:
507:William Byrd I
488:David Crawford
350:Chief Powhatan
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2682:online review
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2579:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2565:Ward, Mike. "
2562:
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2163:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2146:. p. 67.
2145:
2144:Da Capo Press
2141:
2134:
2131:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2068:September 18,
2063:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2027:
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2020:
2015:
2009:
2006:
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1994:
1991:
1989:
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1963:
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1846:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1814:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1802:Interstate 95
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1749:
1744:
1740:
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1734:
1730:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1712:New York City
1709:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1661:Byrd Airfield
1657:
1655:
1651:
1648:In 1926, the
1646:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1613:Philip Morris
1610:
1605:
1603:
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1590:
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1579:
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1535:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1489:In 1896, the
1487:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1476:Old City Hall
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1435:and south to
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1413:Highland Park
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1377:Highland Park
1374:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:Robert E. Lee
1348:
1347:J.E.B. Stuart
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1314:Harry F. Byrd
1311:
1307:
1303:
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1255:
1251:
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1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1209:In 1865, the
1203:
1196:
1189:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1144:
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1125:
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1117:
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1101:State Route 5
1098:
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1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:J.E.B. Stuart
1041:
1040:Robert E. Lee
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1002:In 1862, the
1000:
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991:
987:
983:
982:
975:
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889:United States
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712:
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706:
702:
701:Kanawha River
698:
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681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
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658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
628:, during the
627:
623:
619:
618:Patrick Henry
611:
609:
607:
603:
599:
598:Patrick Henry
595:
591:
587:
583:
582:Samuel Davies
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:Warehouse Act
539:
536:
528:
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517:
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508:
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497:
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489:
484:
482:
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469:
467:
463:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
434:Henry Spelman
430:
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101:
98:November 2022
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
2879:
2872:
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2687:
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2635:
2621:
2614:
2581:
2572:richmond.com
2570:
2561:
2546:
2538:www.wvtf.org
2537:
2527:
2519:
2510:
2490:
2481:Virginia.Org
2479:
2463:
2443:
2432:
2416:
2406:November 20,
2404:. Retrieved
2400:
2391:
2383:the original
2378:
2369:
2361:
2356:
2346:November 18,
2344:. Retrieved
2339:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2302:
2293:
2282:the original
2268:
2258:November 19,
2256:. Retrieved
2249:the original
2244:
2232:
2221:
2216:
2202:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2142:. New York:
2139:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2108:
2099:
2090:
2078:
2066:. Retrieved
2062:the original
2057:
2047:
2039:
2034:
2023:
2008:
1966:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1926:
1922:Jackson Ward
1918:
1914:
1911:
1900:2000–present
1895:21st century
1873:
1862:
1847:
1840:
1825:
1819:
1791:created the
1782:
1759:
1752:
1748:Jackson Ward
1733:city council
1726:
1716:World War II
1705:
1694:
1658:
1647:
1638:Byrd Theater
1626:
1620:
1606:
1595:
1571:
1558:
1550:
1547:
1523:20th century
1505:civil rights
1494:
1488:
1473:
1461:trolleybuses
1382:
1336:laid on its
1323:
1278:
1246:
1242:
1226:Memorial Day
1223:
1208:
1162:
1151:
1139:assassinated
1128:
1113:
1084:
1082:
1071:
1064:
1052:foot cavalry
1001:
995:
980:
951:
921:
917:John Warrock
891:. The first
850:
814:
794:
765:
745:19th century
733:held at the
728:
724:Masonic Hall
713:
682:
655:adopted the
650:
642:Williamsburg
615:
546:William Mayo
532:
518:18th century
504:
491:
485:
477:
470:
461:
442:
429:Francis West
426:
422:
417:
409:
406:
389:
358:
354:Werowocomoco
345:
337:
320:
311:
297:
295:
280:17th century
247:
245:
179:
151:
124:
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
2245:www.vmi.edu
2123:February 5,
1880:Arthur Ashe
1821:Natural gas
1729:Oliver Hill
1609:World War I
1427:. Rails of
1417:Ginter Park
1367:Arthur Ashe
1298:U.S. Senate
1290:Republicans
1230:Church Hill
1050:'s famous "
1024:James River
1012:Fort Monroe
966:Fort Sumter
869:Rhys Davies
832:was built.
822:War of 1812
703:across the
666:James River
564:. In 1741,
540:passed the
492:Mowhemencho
483:was slain.
481:Totopotomoi
447:(in modern
274:James River
2601:See also:
2000:References
1995:: Richmond
1876:flood wall
1578:Manchester
1469:inner city
1465:Petersburg
1445:Petersburg
1078:Petersburg
1067:bread riot
972:, and the
913:antebellum
861:Manchester
818:stagecoach
586:dissenters
552:of nearby
308:John Smith
290:John Smith
264:, and the
68:newspapers
1834:with the
1797:toll road
1727:In 1948,
1654:Byrd Park
1642:architect
1554:The Bijou
1536:1900–1930
1493:ruled in
1457:Civil War
1411:included
1393:horsecars
1332:of Major
1316:in 1966.
1306:Democrats
1266:Cigarette
1254:Lexington
974:Civil War
958:President
830:City Hall
826:steamboat
616:In 1775,
505:In 1673,
390:weroances
342:Arrahatec
268:. After
266:Civil War
2946:Category
2923:Archived
2911:Archived
2472:Archived
2425:Archived
2226:in JSTOR
2042:, p. 49.
1972:See also
1869:Governor
1650:Carillon
1633:Shriners
1449:Hopewell
1131:Danville
1118:and the
986:ironclad
981:Virginia
809:Africans
558:Richmond
535:Virginia
496:Huguenot
478:weroance
462:Manastoh
445:Henricus
418:weroance
370:pumpkins
338:weroance
312:Powhatan
304:Powhatan
299:weroance
258:Virginia
189:Politics
178:Topics:
2303:nps.gov
1760:As the
1737:WTVR-TV
1684:Route 1
1511:. The
1499:that, "
1437:Chester
1433:Ashland
1385:trolley
1338:towpath
1276:ended.
1270:tobacco
1232:on the
1093:bridges
996:Monitor
960:of the
881:foundry
768:slavery
762:of 1811
674:Warwick
638:Dunmore
562:England
394:pinnace
366:tobacco
334:Monocan
302:of the
249:history
193:Slavery
153:By year
82:scholar
2837:
2819:(2012)
2690:(2013)
2502:
2455:
1787:, the
1770:U.S. 1
1423:, and
1361:, and
1097:armory
1095:, the
709:bridge
380:, and
374:gourds
331:Siouan
260:, the
185:Cities
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
2285:(PDF)
2278:(PDF)
2252:(PDF)
2241:(PDF)
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1755:buses
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