244:
1789:
1853:
1566:
457:
1345:
1493:
1681:. The constitution's provision that also included the junta-appointed Senate in the parliamentary vote for prime minister led to the Palang Pracharath–led coalition successfully installing Prayut as prime minister in June. Meanwhile, Future Forward, which had found success mobilizing support from young people and became the most vocal among the opposition, found itself the target of technicality-based petitions, and the Constitutional Court ruled in February 2020 that a loan the party received from Thanathorn was illegal, dissolving the party.
1455:
1688:. The protests resumed in July and developed into a sustained movement against the military-dominated government and human rights violations, with several large demonstrations, some of which also included public criticisms of the monarchy. Several protest groups emerged, most prominently the Free People group, who demanded the resignation of the cabinet, dissolution of parliament, and drafting of a new constitution.
1728:(NGOs) as part of a global conspiracy against Thailand; and the deployment of thousands of police at protests. The government ordered university chancellors to prevent students from demanding reforms to the monarchy and to identify student protest leaders. Protests since October, when the King had returned to the country from Germany, resulted in the deployment of the military, riot police, and mass arrests.
1122:
1531:, demonstrated against the bill, which they perceived as being created to grant amnesty to Thaksin. Although the bill was voted down by the Senate, the protests turned towards an anti-government agenda, and the protesters moved to occupy several government offices, as well as the central shopping district, in a bid to create a "People's Council" to oversee reforms and remove Thaksin's political influence.
3447:
903:
65:
24:
3460:
1252:
1638:
167:
1021:
monopolizing power and using populist policies to secure his political standing. While
Thaksin's opponents claim that elections which resulted in victories for his allies were not truly democratic because of such interference, his supporters have also accused the courts, which brought down multiple Thaksin-aligned governments, of engaging in
414:
1032:'s reign. The King, who had reigned for 70 years, died in October 2016 after several years of deteriorating health during which he appeared less and less frequently in public. Bhumibol had long been regarded as a uniting figure and guiding moral authority for the country, and commanded a great amount of respect, unlike his successor
1808:, who, in a break with tradition, delayed his formal accession until 1 December 2016. King Bhumibol's royal cremation ceremony was held on 26 October 2017, with over 19 million people attending sandalwood flower-laying ceremonies throughout the country. The coronation of King Maha Vajiralongkorn was held on 4 May 2019.
1538:
was held on 2 February 2014. The protesters moved to obstruct the election, forcing voting to be postponed at some polling stations. This later became the basis of the
Constitutional Court's annulment of the election, since according to the constitution, it had to take place in one day. This left the
1393:
The PAD further escalated its protest in
November, forcing the closure of both of Bangkok's international airports. Shortly after, on 2 December, the Constitutional Court dissolved the PPP and two other coalition parties for electoral fraud, ending Somchai's premiership. The opposition Democrat Party
1012:, who widely benefited from his policies and formed the majority of the electorate. They were joined, especially after the 2006 coup, by liberal academics and activists, who opposed his opponents' pushes to achieve a non-elected government. On the other hand, Thaksin's opponents consisted of much of
1916:
The successes of
Thaksin's policies have coincided with an increased political awareness among the rural populace, who benefited from them. Following Thaksin's removal, they took on an active political role, and became competing forces with the urban middle class in the subsequent political crises.
1750:
could stay in office. The opposition had challenged him, because the new constitution limits the term for prime minister as a total period of eight years in office. The
Constitutional Court's ruling was that his term in office began in April 2017, simultaneously with the new constitution, although
1712:
In
November, the Parliament voted to pass two constitutional amendment bills, but their content effectively shut down the protesters' demands of abolishing the Senate and reformation of the monarchy. Clashes between the protesters and the police and royalists became more prevalent, and resulted in
1691:
On 3 August, two student groups publicly raised demands to reform the monarchy, breaking a long taboo of publicly criticising the monarchy. A week later, ten demands for monarchy reform were declared. A 19 September rally saw 20,000–100,000 protesters and has been described as an open challenge to
1352:
Samak's government actively sought to amend the 2007 Constitution, and as a result the PAD regrouped in May 2008 to stage further anti-government demonstrations. The PAD accused the government of trying to grant amnesty to
Thaksin, who was facing corruption charges. It also raised issues with the
1601:
was eventually promulgated on 22 July, followed by the creation of an appointed
National Legislative Assembly, and the appointment of Prayut as prime minister on 25 August. Despite promising a road map for the return to democracy, the junta exercised considerable authoritarian power; political
1917:
Thai society has thus become highly polarized along political lines, which for the most part reflected the socioeconomic divide. While military rule since the 2014 coup has for the most part suppressed overt conflict, there is uncertainty over the expected eventual return to democratic rule.
1181:
had provided for greater government stability, Thaksin also used his influence to neutralise the independent bodies designed to serve as checks and balances against the government. He threatened critics and manipulated the media into carrying only positive commentary. Human rights in general
1020:
population (a traditional
Democrat stronghold), professionals and academics, as well as members of the "old elite" who wielded political influence before Thaksin came to power. They claim that Thaksin abused his power and undermined democratic processes and institutional checks and balances,
1820:
flared up in 2004, during
Thaksin's premiership. Thaksin's heavy-handed responses escalated the violence, which entailed frequent bombings and attacks on security forces as well as civilians. Almost 7,000 people are estimated to have died. The government held peace talks in 2013, which were
968:(PAD, "Yellow Shirts"). However, his supporters were brought back to power in a new election following the enactment of new constitution in 2007. The PAD protested against the government through most of 2008, and the ruling party was dissolved by the Constitutional Court. The opposition
1775:
as prime ministerial candidate. This failed despite a majority in the lower house, as under the 2017 constitution the junta-appointed Senate also voted for the prime minister along with the elected lower house. Pheu Thai then dissolved its coalition with MFP and allied instead with the
961:, and Thailand became embroiled in continuing rounds of political crisis involving elections won by Thaksin's supporters, massive anti-government protests by multiple factions, removals of prime ministers and disbanding of political parties by the judiciary, and two military coups.
1704:
during 15–22 October, citing the alleged blocking of a royal motorcade. Emergency powers were extended to the authorities on top of those already given by the Emergency Decree since March. Protests continued despite the ban, prompting a crackdown by police on 16 October using
1474:. Violent attacks, both against protesters and government units, escalated as the situation dragged on, while negotiations between the government and the protest leaders repeatedly failed. Around mid-May, in an attempt to remove the protesters, military forces performed a
1527:, which was later found to have lost the government hundreds of billions of baht. However, it was the government's push to pass an amnesty bill and amend the constitution in 2013 that sparked public outcry. Protesters, whose leadership would later call itself the
1443:" in contrast with the PAD's yellow, was formed following the 2006 coup and had previously protested against the military government and staged counter-rallies against the PAD in 2008. In April 2009, the UDD staged protests in Pattaya, where they disrupted the
1478:, leading to violent confrontations and over ninety deaths. Arson attacks erupted around the protest site as well as several provincial centres, but the government soon took control of the situation. The protesters dispersed as UDD leaders surrendered.
2339:
1098:. While it was relatively successful in containing the virus, the country saw many social and economic impacts from the pandemic, its tourism-dependent economy being badly affected. Two years later, the COVID-19 response in the country was ended.
1908:
re-classified Thailand as an upper-middle income economy in 2011. However, the level of economic disparity remains high, even as absolute poverty levels have continued to decline. A number of government policies have successfully provided a
1036:. The uncertainties surrounding the impending royal succession compounded the political instability. Many anti-Thaksin groups claimed to be loyal to Bhumibol, accusing their opponents of bearing republican sentiments. Prosecutions under the
1804:, prompting an outpouring of grief among the people and a year of national mourning. The King had reigned since 1946, and was regarded as a moral authority and a pillar of stability for the nation. He was succeeded by his son Crown Prince
1321:
by the junta-appointed Constitutional Tribunal, which found them guilty of election fraud, and their party executives were barred from politics for five years. Thai Rak Thai's former members regrouped and contested the election as the
1596:
In contrast to the 2006 coup, the NCPO oversaw a more systemic suppression of opposition. Politicians and activists, as well as academics and journalists, were summoned; some were detained for "attitude adjustment".
1376:
Living in exile since the coup, Thaksin returned to Thailand only in February 2008 after the PPP had come to power. In August, however, amid the PAD protests and his and his wife's court trials, Thaksin and his wife
1884:; while it was relatively successful in containing the virus, its tourism-dependent economy was badly affected. In 2022, two years later, the COVID-19 response in Thailand was ended due to the virus likely becoming
1176:
However, Thaksin's rule was also marked by controversy. He had adopted an authoritarian "CEO-style" approach in governing, centralising power and increasing intervention in the bureaucracy's operations. While the
1369:. Meanwhile, the Constitutional Court found Samak guilty of conflict of interest due to his working for a cooking TV programme, terminating his premiership in September. Parliament then chose PPP deputy leader
3051:
1546:
back in 2011. It found that this was done with conflict of interest, and ruled that Yingluck be removed from her role as caretaker prime minister, along with nine other cabinet members. Deputy Prime Minister
1234:
1000:
took power as prime minister, and oversaw systemic suppression of political freedom before finally allowing elections in 2019 under a pro-military constitution, which reinstalled Prayut as prime minister.
2454:
2347:
956:
came to power in 2001 and became very popular among the electorate, especially rural voters. Opponents, however, criticized his authoritarian style and accused him of corruption. Thaksin was deposed in a
1381:
jumped bail and applied for asylum in the United Kingdom, which was denied. He was later found guilty of abuse of power in helping Potjaman buy land on Ratchadaphisek Road, and in October was sentenced
1713:
many injuries. The protesters were mostly students and young people without an overall leader. Apart from the aforementioned political demands, some rallies were held by LGBT groups who called for
1075:, drafted under junta, paved the way for further military intervention in politics, amidst concerns regarding the return to democratic rule and the changing role of the monarchy under a new reign.
1696:. A government decision to delay voting on a constitutional amendment in late September fuelled nearly unprecedented public republican sentiment. Following mass protests on 14 October, a "severe"
1071:
in 2011. However, inequality remains high, contributing to the urban–rural divide and potentially fuelling further social and political conflict. The future of the country remains unclear as the
243:
2511:
1025:. Thaksin's influence began to wane following the 2019 election, which separately saw the rise of a progressive youth-oriented movement directed against military interference in politics.
3021:
1771:, meaning the royalist-military parties that supported Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha lost power. Initially, the opposition parties attempted to form a government together with MFP's
82:
37:
1585:
on 20 May 2014, citing the need to suppress violence and maintain peace and order. Talks were held between leaders of various factions, but after these failed, Prayut took power in
1542:
As the political stalemate continued, the Constitutional Court on 7 May ruled on a case concerning the transfer of Thawil Pliensri from his post as Secretary-general of the
456:
2753:
1295:
2087:
1780:
became Thailand’s new prime minister, while the Pheu Thai party’s billionaire figurehead Thaksin Shinawatra returned to Thailand after years in self-imposed exile.
1059:
in 2003, the multiple political crises and coups had little impact on the Thai economy individually, and the country quickly recovered from major disasters, such as
3264:
1436:
1004:
The conflicts have sharply divided popular opinion in Thailand. Even in exile, Thaksin still commanded strong support, especially among the rural population of the
981:
1720:
Government responses included filing criminal charges using the Emergency Decree; arbitrary detention and police intimidation; delaying tactics; the deployment of
2480:
1271:
and overthrew the caretaker government. The coup was widely welcomed by the anti-Thaksin protesters, and the PAD dissolved itself. The coup leaders established a
4129:
1788:
1318:
931:
1330:
as party leader. The PPP courted the votes of Thaksin's supporters, won the election with a near-majority, and formed government with Samak as prime minister.
3014:
2131:
1194:
1739:
abused the rights and freedoms and harmed the state’s security and ordered an end to all movements, declaring them unconstitutional. It has been likened to
1724:; media censorship; the mobilisation of pro-government and royalist groups who have accused the protesters of receiving support from foreign governments or
43:
1169:. Thaksin became the first democratically elected prime minister to complete a four-year term in office, and Thai Rak Thai won a landslide victory in the
1149:", which focused on promoting domestic consumption and providing capital especially to the rural populace. By delivering on electoral promises, including
2061:
1299:
1040:
law sharply increased after 2006, in what has been criticized as politicization of the law at the expense of human rights. Meanwhile, the long-standing
2581:
129:
3824:
3496:
1852:
184:
176:
101:
3729:
2503:
1861:
1060:
339:
2525:
4193:
4005:
3056:
3007:
1801:
384:
3252:
1528:
2783:
2728:
1565:
1432:. Abhisit responded to the crisis with various stimulus programmes, while also expanding on some of the populist policies initiated by Thaksin.
108:
4047:
2312:
3978:
2613:
1776:
royalist-military parties, which allowed the new coalition to garner votes in the military-dominated Senate. On 22 August 2023, its candidate
3878:
3394:
3377:
3098:
2952:
2440:
1598:
1284:
1280:
952:, and subsequent conflicts, first between his supporters and opponents, then over the rising military influence in politics. Thaksin and his
3572:
1614:
on 7 August 2016. It contained many provisions that allowed the military to assert its influence in politics. After repeated postponements,
799:
4315:
4300:
3755:
3352:
1721:
1590:
1543:
1138:
3587:
3582:
3439:
3223:
3196:
1487:
1214:
1116:
817:
808:
417:
374:
344:
115:
1229:
due to a change in arrangement of voting booths. A new election was scheduled for October, and Thaksin continued to serve as head of the
1225:, boycotted the election. The PAD continued its protests, and although Thai Rak Thai won the election, the results were nullified by the
3861:
3804:
3404:
3387:
1611:
1307:
1836:
asylum-seekers to China, though the case has not been conclusively settled. Other (unrelated) attacks have also occurred in Bangkok in
1373:
to be the new prime minister. Somchai is a brother-in-law of Thaksin's, and the PAD rejected his selection and continued its protests.
4484:
4000:
3724:
3659:
3247:
1913:
for the large majority of the population, including a universal healthcare system and free access to primary and secondary education.
1516:, a younger sister of Thaksin's, became prime minister. Although the government initially struggled in its response to the widespread
1466:
to call for new elections. The protesters later occupied a large area of Bangkok's central shopping district, blocking off areas from
1344:
1323:
1206:
965:
3427:
2835:
1821:
unsuccessful. Though the violence has declined since its peak in 2010, sporadic attacks still occur, with little sign of resolution.
1425:
1358:
97:
4479:
3888:
3086:
2990:
2971:
2926:
1142:
1112:
924:
213:
148:
51:
2286:
2157:
3684:
3618:
3608:
3120:
1732:
1407:
1291:
1226:
2658:
2261:
3941:
3775:
3669:
2761:
884:
726:
4027:
3988:
3968:
3674:
3592:
2209:
86:
4095:
4161:
3856:
3782:
3719:
3694:
3489:
3399:
3382:
3372:
3340:
1877:
1725:
1685:
1678:
1607:
1303:
1276:
1178:
1158:
1079:
1072:
977:
389:
2562:
4337:
4188:
4068:
4042:
3956:
3654:
3623:
3613:
3216:
3211:
1880:, Thailand was one of the first countries affected by the global outbreak in 2020, and by March, all provinces declared
1548:
1492:
1475:
1463:
1411:
1362:
985:
917:
869:
864:
436:
364:
3228:
2702:
2476:
394:
4327:
4105:
3699:
3689:
1897:
1800:
underwent a period of deteriorating health, being repeatedly hospitalized and making few public appearances. The King
1424:, who had broken away from the previous PPP-led coalition. By then, Thailand's economy was feeling the effects of the
1166:
1048:
696:
122:
3347:
3335:
2183:
1586:
1560:
1523:
Continuing on the populist platform, Yingluck's government delivered on election promises, including a controversial
1361:, which later resulted in multiple casualties. In August, the PAD escalated its protest and invaded and occupied the
1268:
1246:
993:
958:
379:
349:
4258:
4052:
4022:
3993:
3983:
3883:
3577:
3552:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3206:
3201:
3073:
1768:
1615:
1535:
1505:
1467:
1448:
1366:
1339:
1314:
1218:
1170:
1134:
992:
as prime minister. Renewed anti-government protests began in November 2013, and continued until the military again
512:
359:
354:
234:
1658:
964:
Thaksin was prime minister from 2001 to 2006, when he was ousted by a coup following protests by the anti-Thaksin
75:
4268:
4243:
4136:
4015:
4010:
3973:
3963:
3951:
3929:
3714:
3547:
3422:
1817:
1387:
1222:
1187:
1041:
969:
4221:
4112:
4100:
3792:
3765:
3482:
3364:
2809:
2396:
1317:
was held in December 2007. Thai Rak Thai and two coalition parties had earlier been dissolved as a result of a
1044:
in the deep South has significantly worsened since 2004, with almost 7,000 having been killed in the conflict.
874:
859:
1684:
The ruling was met by student protests in university campuses all over the country, which subsided due to the
2421:
Jory, Patrick (31 December 2019). "Chapter Five. Republicanism in Thai History". In Peleggi, Maurizio (ed.).
4418:
3916:
3797:
2235:
2009:
1670:
1444:
1056:
4413:
4090:
3787:
3649:
3173:
1885:
1421:
1213:, began holding regular mass rallies, accusing Thaksin of corruption. As the country slid into a state of
1154:
484:
475:
323:
4347:
4263:
4183:
4124:
4037:
3809:
3770:
3704:
3637:
3276:
3259:
3154:
1841:
1837:
1440:
1365:, forcing government officials to relocate to temporary offices and returning the country to a state of
1183:
4364:
4178:
4156:
4146:
4141:
4080:
3851:
3844:
3829:
3819:
3743:
3537:
3532:
3149:
3038:
1865:
1825:
1736:
1674:
1524:
1517:
1378:
1264:
1230:
1068:
948:
has been dominated by the politics surrounding the rise and fall from power of former Prime Minister
854:
706:
369:
1824:
Thailand has also seen several terrorist attacks outside of the South, the most significant being a
4444:
4437:
4406:
4401:
4208:
4032:
3904:
3760:
3709:
3664:
3517:
3509:
3178:
3132:
1926:
1805:
1740:
1513:
1354:
1162:
1130:
1087:
1033:
989:
953:
445:
308:
4379:
4238:
4173:
4151:
3946:
3866:
3679:
3081:
3046:
2446:
1881:
1829:
1797:
1760:
1697:
1651:
1627:
1539:
country still without a working government, amid increasing violent attacks by unnamed factions.
1497:
1210:
1029:
949:
889:
283:
260:
2888:
1603:
1416:
Abhisit presided over a six-party coalition government, which was formed through the support of
1037:
1193:
Public opposition to Thaksin's government gained much momentum in January 2006, sparked by the
4453:
4332:
4322:
4310:
4305:
4198:
4085:
3873:
3562:
3557:
3144:
3115:
3110:
3093:
2986:
2967:
2948:
2922:
2589:
2436:
1910:
1772:
1747:
1578:
1458:
Smoke rising throughout central Bangkok as fires were set amid the May 2010 military crackdown
1395:
1370:
1288:
1095:
1064:
1022:
1017:
1005:
997:
973:
771:
761:
581:
313:
303:
298:
288:
4396:
4384:
4352:
3934:
3567:
3161:
3137:
3105:
2428:
1777:
1454:
1327:
1202:
1198:
781:
736:
318:
293:
4458:
4374:
4278:
3839:
3834:
3814:
3451:
3166:
3125:
1828:
in 2015, which killed 20 and injured over 120. The bombing is suspected to be the work of
1764:
1714:
1574:
1509:
1462:
The UDD suspended most of their political activities throughout the rest of the year, but
1429:
1260:
1052:
907:
879:
716:
2861:
1717:, as well as student groups who campaigned for reforming the country's education system.
1751:
General Prayuth had ruled as the leader of the government since the 2014 military coup.
4389:
4342:
4216:
3464:
3063:
1693:
1417:
1272:
686:
621:
266:
1973:
4473:
4295:
4273:
4168:
2450:
1593:(NCPO) was established as the ruling junta, and the constitution was again repealed.
1471:
2945:
Good Coup Gone Bad : Thailand's political developments since Thaksin's downfall
1121:
4248:
1706:
1669:
Several new parties emerged to contest the 2019 election, including the pro-Prayut
1534:
Yingluck responded to the protests by dissolving the House of Representatives, and
1190:
with a highly confrontational approach, resulting in marked increases in violence.
1146:
1091:
591:
531:
521:
1078:
On 13 January 2020, Thailand was the first country to report a case of the global
2999:
1051:
and became an upper-middle income economy in 2011, though it was affected by the
4283:
4231:
4117:
3542:
1661:
for information on how to properly incorporate it into this article's main text.
1582:
988:. Another Thaksin-aligned party won the election in 2011, installing his sister
561:
64:
2683:
2631:
2543:
2369:
2432:
1905:
1868:
resulted in economic losses estimated at 1.43 trillion baht (US$ 46 billion).
651:
571:
494:
248:
The royal urn of King Bhumibol Adulyadej being transported on Golden Palanquin
2593:
1792:
People queuing to pay their last respects at the Grand Palace in January 2017
1746:
In September 2022, Thailand's Constitutional Court ruled that Prime Minister
4369:
4290:
4252:
3921:
641:
631:
601:
1520:, the political scene remained mostly calm throughout 2012 and early 2013.
1439:(UDD) began staging anti-government protests. The UDD, also known as the "
4226:
3505:
2034:
1860:
Thailand saw some of its worst natural disasters during this period. The
1150:
2504:"A royal bubble bursts: Thailand's king faces trouble on two continents"
1606:
law was even more heavily enforced than before. After several drafts, a
1251:
4357:
1833:
1701:
1602:
activities, especially criticism of the military, were banned, and the
1504:
Abhisit dissolved the House of Representatives the following year, and
1013:
611:
551:
2526:"Thai court rules calls for curbs on monarchy are 'abuse of freedoms'"
1856:
The 2011 floods caused extensive damage to the manufacturing industry.
1816:
In the three southernmost Muslim-majority provinces, a long-standing
1435:
Relatively early in Abhisit's premiership, the pro-Thaksin group the
676:
541:
3474:
2614:"Srettha Thavisin elected Thailand PM as Thaksin returns from exile"
2422:
2182:
Olarn, Kocha; Mullen, Jethro; Cullinane, Susannah (21 March 2014).
1357:
for World Heritage Site status. This led to an inflammation of the
1255:
Supporters gathered to greet soldiers as tanks rolled into Bangkok.
1086:. In March, Thailand entered lockdowns, which saw the beginning of
413:
1851:
1787:
1564:
1491:
1453:
1343:
1250:
1120:
1083:
1028:
These events took place as the country approached the end of King
2784:"The World Bank Supports Thailand's Post-Floods Recovery Effort"
2729:"Thailand Blames Uighur Militants for Bombing at Bangkok Shrine"
2563:"'Impressive victory': Thai opposition crushes military parties"
1009:
3478:
3003:
2544:"Prayuth Chan-ocha: Thai court rules coup leader can remain PM"
976:, formed a government, but also faced protests by the opposing
2340:"Thai student rallies protest dissolution of opposition party"
2262:"Thai Junta Shows No Signs of Halting Assault on Human Rights"
2236:"Thailand's Military Stages Coup, Thwarting Populist Movement"
1901:
1759:
In May 2023, Thailand’s reformist opposition, the progressive
1631:
160:
58:
17:
1275:
called the Council for Democratic Reform, later known as the
1145:, Thaksin launched a platform of policies, popularly dubbed "
1055:
and GDP growth has slowed from the early 2000s. Unlikely the
1551:
was chosen to replace Yingluck as caretaker prime minister.
1348:
PAD protesters occupied the Government House in August 2008.
1182:
deteriorated, with a "war on drugs" resulting in over 2,000
2659:"Thailand's royal cremation ceremony caps year of mourning"
1508:
was held on 3 July 2011. It was won by the Thaksin-aligned
1221:
was held in April. However, opposition parties, led by the
2313:"House, Senate elect Prayut Thailand's new prime minister"
2210:"Thai court orders Yingluck Shinawatra to step down as PM"
2158:"Thai protesters blockade roads in Bangkok for 'shutdown'"
2287:"Thailand's military junta gets its way in a rigged vote"
2088:"Analysis: Thailand struggles against tide of corruption"
2582:"Thailand's winning candidate for PM blocked from power"
2580:
Ratcliffe, Rebecca; Siradapuvadol, Navaon (2023-07-13).
2502:
Bengali, Shashank; Kirschbaum, Erik (16 October 2020).
2370:"The students risking it all to challenge the monarchy"
1832:
retaliating against Thailand's earlier repatriation of
188:
2703:"The Slow Burning Insurgency in Thailand's Deep South"
1217:, Thaksin dissolved the House of Representatives, and
1161:, his government enjoyed high approval, especially as
2338:
Vejpongsa, Tassanee; Peck, Grant (26 February 2020).
1047:
Economically, the country made its recovery from the
2810:"Thailand Repays IMF Loan 2 Years Ahead of Schedule"
1500:, during the early stages of the protest in November
1279:. It annulled the 1997 constitution, promulgated an
4207:
4067:
3903:
3742:
3636:
3601:
3525:
3516:
3415:
3363:
3328:
3275:
3237:
3189:
3072:
3037:
2983:
Thaksin : The business of politics in Thailand
2947:. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
2657:Olarn and, Kocha; Cripps, Karla (27 October 2017).
2062:"Old Etonian becomes Thailand's new prime minister"
2010:"Former Thai PM Thaksin found guilty of corruption"
332:
276:
253:
228:
89:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2727:Fuller, Thomas; Wong, Edward (15 September 2015).
2132:"Thaksin party wins Thai election by a landslide"
1353:government's support of Cambodia's submission of
2477:"Explainer: What's behind Thailand's protests?"
2184:"Thai court declares February election invalid"
1437:United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship
982:United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship
3490:
3015:
2836:"Thailand Now an Upper Middle Income Economy"
2427:. Cornell University Press. pp. 97–118.
1394:then formed a new coalition government, with
925:
8:
2964:The Political Development of Modern Thailand
2921:(3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1985:
1983:
1298:to serve the functions of parliament and a
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4073:
3909:
3748:
3642:
3522:
3497:
3483:
3475:
3022:
3008:
3000:
2981:Phongpaichit, Pasuk; Baker, Chris (2004).
2917:Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2014).
2130:Szep, Jason; Petty, Martin (3 July 2011).
1512:(created to replace the PPP in 2008), and
1313:As the new constitution came into effect,
932:
918:
469:
430:
242:
1963:Baker & Phongpaichit 2014, pp. 269–70
1900:, completing repayment of loans from the
1306:was promulgated in August 2007 following
214:Learn how and when to remove this message
149:Learn how and when to remove this message
2889:"Rural Thais Find an Unaccustomed Power"
2684:"Thailand's King Vajiralongkorn crowned"
2120:Baker & Phongpaichit 2014, pp. 275–7
2111:Baker & Phongpaichit 2014, pp. 274–5
1998:Baker & Phongpaichit 2014, pp. 272–3
1989:Baker & Phongpaichit 2014, pp. 270–2
1954:Baker & Phongpaichit 2014, pp. 263–8
1945:Baker & Phongpaichit 2014, pp. 262–5
1862:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
1482:Yingluck government and 2013–2014 crisis
2754:"Fatalities in 2004 tsunami remembered"
2632:"Thai crown prince proclaimed new king"
1938:
1573:Amid the ongoing political crisis, the
444:
433:
385:Death and funeral of Bhumibol Adulyadej
98:"History of Thailand" 2001–present
2701:Morch, Maximillian (6 February 2018).
1137:, where it won a near-majority in the
225:
2943:Chachavalpongpun, Pavin, ed. (2014).
2514:from the original on 20 October 2020.
1735:ruled that demands for reform of the
7:
2483:from the original on 20 October 2020
2457:from the original on 8 November 2020
2395:Mala, Dumrongkiat (17 August 2020).
1896:Thailand made its recovery from the
1864:caused over 5,000 deaths, while the
1755:2023 election and Srettha government
1677:led by multimillionaire businessman
1646:This section should include only a
1591:National Council for Peace and Order
1529:People's Democratic Reform Committee
1402:Abhisit government and 2010 protests
189:move details into the article's body
87:adding citations to reliable sources
2086:Ahuja, Ambika (28 September 2010).
1796:Throughout most of the 2010s, King
1287:with former army commander General
1195:sale of Thaksin's family's holdings
1159:30-baht universal healthcare scheme
2760:. 26 December 2011. Archived from
2008:MacKinnon, Ian (21 October 2008).
1974:"Thailand prime minister sworn in"
1722:military information warfare units
1447:, and also in Bangkok, leading to
1302:to create a new constitution. The
1165:recovered from the effects of the
14:
2260:Gerson, Katherine (2 June 2018).
2060:Bell, Thomas (15 December 2008).
2035:"Top Thai court ousts PM Somchai"
1872:Response to the COVID-19 pandemic
1622:2019 parliament and 2020 protests
1113:Premiership of Thaksin Shinawatra
1107:Premiership of Thaksin Shinawatra
33:This article has multiple issues.
3458:
3445:
1636:
1408:Premiership of Abhisit Vejjajiva
901:
455:
412:
165:
63:
22:
4316:Traditional musical instruments
3440:History of Thailand (1973–2001)
2887:Fuller, Thomas (30 June 2011).
2156:Hodal, Kate (13 January 2014).
1488:2013–2014 Thai political crisis
1326:(PPP), with veteran politician
1235:King Bhumibol's diamond jubilee
1207:People's Alliance for Democracy
1117:2005–2006 Thai political crisis
966:People's Alliance for Democracy
74:needs additional citations for
41:or discuss these issues on the
3031:History of Thailand since 2001
2966:. Cambridge University Press.
2842:(Press release). 2 August 2011
2234:Fuller, Thomas (22 May 2014).
1726:non-governmental organizations
1673:, and the liberal, anti-junta
1449:clashes with government forces
1300:Constitution Drafting Assembly
1016:'s urban middle class and the
986:military crackdown in May 2010
946:history of Thailand since 2001
1:
3428:Cambodian–Thai border dispute
3052:60th anniversary celebrations
1679:Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit
1659:Knowledge (XXG):Summary style
1426:financial crisis of 2007–2008
1296:National Legislative Assembly
1277:Council for National Security
408:
2479:. Reuters. 15 October 2020.
1549:Niwatthamrong Boonsongpaisan
1412:2010 Thai political protests
1359:border dispute with Cambodia
4194:Water supply and sanitation
1898:1997 Asian financial crisis
1209:(PAD), led by media tycoon
1186:. Thaksin responded to the
1167:1997 Asian financial crisis
1049:1997 Asian financial crisis
4501:
4048:Controlled-access highways
2962:Ferrara, Federico (2015).
2208:Hodal, Kate (7 May 2014).
1625:
1558:
1485:
1468:Ratchaprasong Intersection
1405:
1340:2008 Thai political crisis
1337:
1259:On 19 September 2006, the
1244:
1233:as the country celebrated
1110:
1067:in December 2004 and with
375:2013–2014 political crisis
345:2005–2006 political crisis
4485:Contemporary Thai history
4431:
4130:Universities and colleges
4076:
3912:
3751:
3645:
3436:
3423:South Thailand insurgency
2433:10.7591/9781501725937-007
1544:National Security Council
1188:South Thailand insurgency
996:in May 2014. Coup leader
421:
411:
403:
241:
233:
4480:21st century in Thailand
3862:House of Representatives
3756:Administrative divisions
2397:"Students press demands"
1577:under Commander General
1476:crackdown on the protest
1464:regathered in March 2010
1390:to two years in prison.
1139:House of Representatives
1135:general election in 2001
1133:came to power through a
984:. This led to a violent
1802:died on 13 October 2016
1763:(MFP) and the populist
1671:Palang Pracharath Party
1599:An interim constitution
1445:fourth East Asia Summit
1205:. A group known as the
4001:Science and technology
3969:Special economic zones
3174:Paetongtarn Shinawatra
1857:
1793:
1731:In November 2021, The
1570:
1501:
1496:Demonstrations at the
1459:
1422:Friends of Newin Group
1349:
1294:. It also appointed a
1256:
1184:extrajudicial killings
1155:One Tambon One Product
1126:
324:Paetongtarn Shinawatra
4358:Mythological creature
3889:Deputy Prime Minister
3805:Intelligence agencies
2919:A History of Thailand
1855:
1791:
1568:
1561:2014 Thai coup d'état
1495:
1457:
1347:
1334:2008 political crisis
1254:
1247:2006 Thai coup d'état
1171:2005 general election
1153:policies such as the
1124:
365:2010 political crisis
360:2009 political crisis
355:2008 political crisis
229:21st-century Thailand
4016:Traditional medicine
3730:World Heritage Sites
3685:Environmental issues
3244:Anti-Thaksin groups
2550:. 30 September 2022.
2346:. AP. Archived from
1733:Constitutional Court
1675:Future Forward Party
1616:elections took place
1525:rice-pledging scheme
1324:People's Power Party
1281:interim constitution
1265:Sonthi Boonyaratglin
1231:caretaker government
1227:Constitutional Court
855:Peopling of Thailand
791:Rattanakosin Kingdom
83:improve this article
3452:Thailand portal
3133:Yingluck Shinawatra
2862:"Thailand Overview"
2532:. 10 November 2021.
2350:on 27 February 2020
1927:History of Thailand
1892:Economy and society
1830:Uyghur nationalists
1818:separatist movement
1806:Maha Vajiralongkorn
1694:King Vajiralongkorn
1514:Yingluck Shinawatra
1398:as prime minister.
1355:Preah Vihear Temple
1267:staged a bloodless
1131:Thai Rak Thai Party
1088:stay-at-home orders
1069:widespread flooding
1042:separatist movement
1034:Maha Vajiralongkorn
990:Yingluck Shinawatra
959:coup d'état in 2006
954:Thai Rak Thai Party
908:Thailand portal
697:Nakhon Si Thammarat
309:Yingluck Shinawatra
237: – present
4028:Telecommunications
3680:Floods in Thailand
3578:Siamese Revolution
3465:History portal
3082:Thaksin Shinawatra
3047:Bhumibol Adulyadej
2893:The New York Times
2790:. 13 December 2011
2733:The New York Times
2561:Rasheed, Zaheena.
2240:The New York Times
1882:state of emergency
1858:
1826:bombing in Bangkok
1798:Bhumibol Adulyadej
1794:
1761:Move Forward Party
1698:state of emergency
1652:2020 Thai protests
1649:
1628:2020 Thai protests
1618:on 24 March 2019.
1571:
1554:
1536:a general election
1506:a general election
1502:
1498:Democracy Monument
1460:
1350:
1315:a general election
1285:interim government
1257:
1240:
1219:a general election
1211:Sondhi Limthongkul
1127:
1061:Boxing Day tsunami
1030:Bhumibol Adulyadej
978:Red Shirt movement
950:Thaksin Shinawatra
395:2020–2021 protests
340:Boxing Day tsunami
284:Thaksin Shinawatra
261:Bhumibol Adulyadej
4467:
4466:
4427:
4426:
4414:Traditional games
4063:
4062:
3899:
3898:
3879:Political parties
3783:Foreign relations
3738:
3737:
3632:
3631:
3563:Ayutthaya Kingdom
3558:Sukhothai Kingdom
3472:
3471:
3145:Prayut Chan-o-cha
3116:Abhisit Vejjajiva
3111:Somchai Wongsawat
3094:Surayud Chulanont
3057:death and funeral
2954:978-981-4459-60-0
2638:. 1 December 2016
2618:www.aljazeera.com
2567:www.aljazeera.com
2508:Los Angeles Times
2442:978-1-5017-2593-7
2424:A Sarong for Clio
2041:. 2 December 2008
1976:. 1 October 2006.
1911:social safety net
1878:COVID-19 pandemic
1773:Pita Limjaroenrat
1748:Prayuth Chan-ocha
1686:COVID-19 pandemic
1667:
1666:
1647:
1579:Prayut Chan-o-cha
1396:Abhisit Vejjajiva
1371:Somchai Wongsawat
1292:as prime minister
1289:Surayud Chulanont
1283:and appointed an
1179:1997 constitution
1143:As prime minister
1096:social distancing
1080:novel coronavirus
1073:2017 constitution
1065:Southern Thailand
1023:judicial activism
998:Prayut Chan-o-cha
974:Abhisit Vejjajiva
942:
941:
840:
839:
834:
833:
772:Ayutthaya Kingdom
762:Sukhothai Kingdom
745:
744:
669:Regional kingdoms
660:
659:
503:
502:
489:9000 BCE–5500 BCE
429:
428:
425:
424:
418:Late 20th century
390:COVID-19 pandemic
314:Prayut Chan-o-cha
304:Abhisit Vejjajiva
299:Somchai Wongsawat
289:Surayud Chulanont
224:
223:
216:
206:
205:
185:length guidelines
159:
158:
151:
133:
56:
4492:
4447:
4440:
4189:Waste management
4074:
3925:
3910:
3749:
3643:
3573:Rattanakosin era
3568:Thonburi Kingdom
3523:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3476:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3162:Srettha Thavisin
3106:Samak Sundaravej
3024:
3017:
3010:
3001:
2996:
2977:
2958:
2932:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2868:. September 2018
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2764:on 13 March 2013
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2376:. 14 August 2020
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1876:In the light of
1784:Royal succession
1778:Srettha Thavisin
1769:general election
1700:was declared in
1662:
1640:
1639:
1632:
1608:new constitution
1555:2014 coup d'état
1518:flooding in 2011
1428:and the ensuing
1367:political crisis
1363:Government House
1328:Samak Sundaravej
1304:new constitution
1241:2006 coup d'état
1237:on 9 June 2006.
1215:political crisis
1203:Temasek Holdings
1199:Shin Corporation
1157:project and the
934:
927:
920:
906:
905:
904:
782:Thonburi Kingdom
758:
757:
673:
672:
518:
517:
499:2,100 BCE–200 CE
481:
480:
470:
459:
449:
431:
416:
409:
319:Srettha Thavisin
294:Samak Sundaravej
246:
226:
219:
212:
201:
198:
192:
183:Please read the
169:
168:
161:
154:
147:
143:
140:
134:
132:
91:
67:
59:
48:
26:
25:
18:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4423:
4328:Public holidays
4323:Performing arts
4203:
4106:Sex trafficking
4059:
3923:
3895:
3734:
3700:Protected areas
3628:
3597:
3512:
3503:
3473:
3468:
3459:
3457:
3446:
3444:
3432:
3411:
3359:
3324:
3271:
3233:
3185:
3074:Prime ministers
3068:
3033:
3028:
2993:
2980:
2974:
2961:
2955:
2942:
2939:
2937:Further reading
2929:
2916:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2871:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2817:
2816:. 1 August 2003
2808:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2767:
2765:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2598:
2596:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2443:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2405:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2344:Washington Post
2337:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2293:. 24 March 2019
2285:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1923:
1894:
1874:
1850:
1814:
1786:
1765:Pheu Thai Party
1757:
1715:gender equality
1663:
1656:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1624:
1589:on 22 May. The
1575:Royal Thai Army
1563:
1557:
1510:Pheu Thai Party
1490:
1484:
1430:Great Recession
1414:
1406:Main articles:
1404:
1342:
1336:
1261:Royal Thai Army
1249:
1243:
1125:Thaksin in 2005
1119:
1111:Main articles:
1109:
1104:
1053:Great Recession
938:
902:
900:
895:
894:
850:
842:
841:
836:
835:
755:
747:
746:
670:
662:
661:
515:
505:
504:
478:
467:
447:
440:
407:
399:
328:
272:
249:
220:
209:
208:
207:
202:
196:
193:
182:
179:may be too long
174:This article's
170:
166:
155:
144:
138:
135:
92:
90:
80:
68:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
4498:
4496:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4472:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4449:
4448:
4441:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4407:Solar calendar
4404:
4402:Lunar calendar
4394:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4224:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4023:Stock Exchange
4020:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3966:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3944:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3927:
3919:
3913:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3884:Prime Minister
3881:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3854:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3660:Municipalities
3657:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3553:Initial states
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3241:
3239:
3238:Protest groups
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3155:second cabinet
3152:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3078:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3064:Vajiralongkorn
3061:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3043:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2991:
2985:. NIAS Press.
2978:
2972:
2959:
2953:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2927:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2879:
2853:
2827:
2801:
2775:
2745:
2719:
2693:
2675:
2649:
2623:
2605:
2572:
2553:
2535:
2517:
2494:
2468:
2441:
2413:
2387:
2361:
2330:
2304:
2278:
2252:
2226:
2200:
2174:
2148:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2078:
2052:
2026:
2000:
1991:
1979:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1919:
1893:
1890:
1873:
1870:
1849:
1846:
1813:
1810:
1785:
1782:
1756:
1753:
1665:
1664:
1644:
1642:
1635:
1626:Main article:
1623:
1620:
1610:was passed in
1569:Prayut in 2016
1559:Main article:
1556:
1553:
1486:Main article:
1483:
1480:
1418:Newin Chidchob
1403:
1400:
1338:Main article:
1335:
1332:
1273:military junta
1263:under General
1245:Main article:
1242:
1239:
1223:Democrat Party
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
970:Democrat Party
940:
939:
937:
936:
929:
922:
914:
911:
910:
897:
896:
893:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
860:Constitutional
857:
851:
848:
847:
844:
843:
838:
837:
832:
831:
829:
823:
822:
820:
814:
813:
811:
805:
804:
802:
796:
795:
792:
788:
787:
784:
778:
777:
774:
768:
767:
764:
756:
753:
752:
749:
748:
743:
742:
739:
733:
732:
729:
723:
722:
719:
713:
712:
709:
703:
702:
699:
693:
692:
689:
683:
682:
679:
671:
668:
667:
664:
663:
658:
657:
654:
648:
647:
646:671 CE–1025 CE
644:
638:
637:
636:638 CE–1292 CE
634:
628:
627:
626:629 CE–1292 CE
624:
618:
617:
614:
608:
607:
606:500 CE–1200 CE
604:
598:
597:
596:468 CE–1388 CE
594:
588:
587:
584:
578:
577:
576:100 CE–1500 CE
574:
568:
567:
566:100 CE–1277 CE
564:
558:
557:
554:
548:
547:
546:200 BCE–700 CE
544:
538:
537:
536:691 BCE–638 CE
534:
528:
527:
524:
516:
513:Initial states
511:
510:
507:
506:
501:
500:
497:
491:
490:
487:
479:
474:
473:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
452:
451:
442:
441:
434:
427:
426:
423:
422:
420:
401:
400:
398:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
336:
334:
330:
329:
327:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
280:
278:
274:
273:
271:
270:
267:Vajiralongkorn
264:
257:
255:
251:
250:
247:
239:
238:
235:6 January 2001
231:
230:
222:
221:
204:
203:
173:
171:
164:
157:
156:
71:
69:
62:
57:
31:
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4497:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4137:Ethnic groups
4135:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3964:Manufacturing
3962:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:Early history
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3495:
3493:
3488:
3486:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3467:
3466:
3454:
3453:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3365:Constitutions
3362:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3150:first cabinet
3148:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3025:
3020:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2994:
2992:9788791114786
2988:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2973:9781107061811
2969:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2928:9781107420212
2924:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2880:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2720:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2694:
2690:. 3 May 2019.
2689:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2650:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2495:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2417:
2414:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2388:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2331:
2319:. 6 June 2019
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2292:
2291:The Economist
2288:
2282:
2279:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2253:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2227:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2201:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2149:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2067:
2066:The Telegraph
2063:
2056:
2053:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2015:
2011:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1904:in 2003. The
1903:
1899:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1854:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1819:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1790:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1741:judicial coup
1738:
1737:Thai monarchy
1734:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1707:water cannons
1703:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1587:a coup d'état
1584:
1580:
1576:
1567:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1472:Lumphini Park
1469:
1465:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1391:
1389:
1388:Supreme Court
1385:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1341:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1319:ruling in May
1316:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1253:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1092:mask mandates
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:SARS outbreak
1054:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
999:
995:
994:staged a coup
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
962:
960:
955:
951:
947:
935:
930:
928:
923:
921:
916:
915:
913:
912:
909:
899:
898:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
852:
846:
845:
830:
828:
825:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
803:
801:
798:
797:
793:
790:
789:
785:
783:
780:
779:
775:
773:
770:
769:
765:
763:
760:
759:
751:
750:
740:
738:
735:
734:
730:
728:
725:
724:
720:
718:
715:
714:
710:
708:
705:
704:
700:
698:
695:
694:
690:
688:
685:
684:
680:
678:
675:
674:
666:
665:
656:790 CE–974 CE
655:
653:
650:
649:
645:
643:
640:
639:
635:
633:
630:
629:
625:
623:
620:
619:
616:600 CE–800 CE
615:
613:
610:
609:
605:
603:
600:
599:
595:
593:
590:
589:
586:300 CE–700 CE
585:
583:
580:
579:
575:
573:
570:
569:
565:
563:
560:
559:
555:
553:
550:
549:
545:
543:
542:Raktamaritika
540:
539:
535:
533:
530:
529:
525:
523:
520:
519:
514:
509:
508:
498:
496:
493:
492:
488:
486:
483:
482:
477:
472:
471:
463:
462:
458:
454:
453:
450:
443:
438:
432:
419:
415:
410:
406:
402:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
337:
335:
331:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
279:
275:
268:
265:
262:
259:
258:
256:
252:
245:
240:
236:
232:
227:
218:
215:
200:
190:
186:
180:
178:
172:
163:
162:
153:
150:
142:
131:
128:
124:
121:
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100: –
99:
95:
94:Find sources:
88:
84:
78:
77:
72:This article
70:
66:
61:
60:
55:
53:
46:
45:
40:
39:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
4370:Architecture
4301:Martial arts
4222:Architecture
4113:Demographics
4101:Prostitution
4096:Lèse majesté
3942:Car industry
3935:Central bank
3793:Human rights
3766:Constitution
3456:
3443:
3395:2014 interim
3378:2006 interim
3030:
2982:
2963:
2944:
2918:
2911:Bibliography
2896:. Retrieved
2892:
2882:
2870:. Retrieved
2865:
2856:
2844:. Retrieved
2839:
2830:
2818:. Retrieved
2813:
2804:
2792:. Retrieved
2787:
2778:
2766:. Retrieved
2762:the original
2757:
2748:
2736:. Retrieved
2732:
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2707:The Diplomat
2706:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2666:. Retrieved
2662:
2652:
2640:. Retrieved
2635:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2597:. Retrieved
2586:The Guardian
2585:
2575:
2566:
2556:
2547:
2538:
2530:the Guardian
2529:
2520:
2507:
2497:
2485:. Retrieved
2471:
2459:. Retrieved
2423:
2416:
2404:. Retrieved
2401:Bangkok Post
2400:
2390:
2378:. Retrieved
2373:
2364:
2352:. Retrieved
2348:the original
2343:
2333:
2321:. Retrieved
2317:Bangkok Post
2316:
2307:
2295:. Retrieved
2290:
2281:
2269:. Retrieved
2266:The Diplomat
2265:
2255:
2243:. Retrieved
2239:
2229:
2217:. Retrieved
2214:The Guardian
2213:
2203:
2191:. Retrieved
2187:
2177:
2165:. Retrieved
2162:The Guardian
2161:
2151:
2139:. Retrieved
2135:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2095:. Retrieved
2091:
2081:
2069:. Retrieved
2065:
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2038:
2029:
2017:. Retrieved
2014:The Guardian
2013:
2003:
1994:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1915:
1895:
1875:
1859:
1823:
1815:
1795:
1758:
1745:
1730:
1719:
1711:
1690:
1683:
1668:
1645:
1612:a referendum
1604:lèse-majesté
1595:
1572:
1541:
1533:
1522:
1503:
1461:
1434:
1415:
1392:
1383:
1375:
1351:
1312:
1308:a referendum
1258:
1192:
1175:
1147:Thaksinomics
1128:
1077:
1046:
1038:lèse-majesté
1027:
1003:
963:
945:
943:
827:2001–present
826:
794:1782–present
754:Main history
556:52 CE–600 CE
532:Singhanavati
522:Suvarnabhumi
404:
210:
194:
177:lead section
175:
145:
136:
126:
119:
112:
105:
93:
81:Please help
76:verification
73:
49:
42:
36:
35:Please help
32:
15:
4419:Video games
4011:Measurement
3917:Agriculture
3670:Earthquakes
3609:Archaeology
3543:Tai peoples
3121:premiership
3087:premiership
2898:26 December
2872:26 December
2846:26 December
2820:26 December
2794:26 December
2768:26 December
2738:26 December
2712:26 December
2668:26 December
2642:26 December
2354:28 February
2297:28 February
2271:26 December
2245:26 December
2219:26 December
2193:26 December
2167:26 December
2141:26 December
2097:26 December
2071:26 December
2045:26 December
2019:26 December
1866:2011 floods
1650:summary of
1583:martial law
1384:in absentia
1269:coup d'état
1163:the economy
980:led by the
885:Phitsanulok
622:Haripuñjaya
562:Tambralinga
485:Spirit Cave
446:History of
370:2011 floods
4474:Categories
4279:Literature
4091:Corruption
4006:Inventions
3924:(currency)
3857:Parliament
3825:Ministries
3788:Government
3776:Commission
3675:Ecoregions
3593:since 2001
3533:Prehistory
3526:Chronology
3405:referendum
3388:referendum
3260:Red Shirts
3099:government
2866:World Bank
2840:World Bank
2788:World Bank
2758:The Nation
2599:2023-09-14
2487:21 October
2461:14 October
1933:References
1906:World Bank
1767:, won the
1441:Red Shirts
1129:Thaksin's
652:Canasapura
572:Langkasuka
495:Ban Chiang
476:Prehistory
405:Chronology
333:Key events
254:Monarch(s)
197:April 2021
139:March 2021
109:newspapers
38:improve it
4269:Festivals
4264:Etiquette
4217:Animation
4184:Squatting
4125:Education
4038:Transport
3957:Renewable
3845:Air Force
3810:Judiciary
3771:Elections
3720:Volcanoes
3705:Provinces
3695:Mountains
3650:Addresses
3638:Geography
3619:Education
3588:1973–2001
3583:1932–1973
3416:Conflicts
3277:Elections
3217:crackdown
2594:0261-3077
2451:198887226
2406:23 August
2380:15 August
1848:Disasters
1812:Conflicts
1581:declared
1010:Northeast
972:, led by
818:1973–2001
809:1932–1973
800:1782–1932
786:1767–1782
776:1351–1767
766:1238–1438
741:1810–1902
731:1808–1916
721:1457–1902
711:1605–1680
701:1278–1782
691:1094–1338
681:1292–1775
642:Srivijaya
632:Ngoenyang
602:Dvaravati
526:Legendary
380:2014 coup
350:2006 coup
277:Leader(s)
263:(Rama IX)
187:and help
44:talk page
4454:Category
4296:Marriage
4274:Folklore
4244:Clothing
4179:Religion
4169:Language
4162:COVID-19
4147:Gambling
4142:Feminism
4081:Abortion
4053:Railways
4043:Airports
3852:Monarchy
3830:Military
3820:Localism
3744:Politics
3725:Wildlife
3624:Military
3614:Economic
3602:By topic
3538:Peopling
3510:articles
3506:Thailand
3190:Protests
3039:Monarchs
2688:BBC News
2636:BBC News
2548:BBC News
2512:Archived
2481:Archived
2455:Archived
2374:BBC News
2039:BBC News
1921:See also
1420:and his
1379:Potjaman
1151:populist
1102:Politics
1082:outside
1018:Southern
870:Economic
865:Military
466:Timeline
448:Thailand
437:a series
435:Part of
269:(Rama X)
4438:Outline
4348:Aquatic
4338:Symbols
4249:Cuisine
4209:Culture
4069:Society
4033:Tourism
3952:Nuclear
3905:Economy
3761:Cabinet
3710:Regions
3690:Islands
3665:Climate
3655:Borders
3518:History
3229:2020–21
3224:2013–14
3197:2005–06
3179:cabinet
3167:cabinet
3138:cabinet
3126:cabinet
2323:20 June
2136:Reuters
2092:Reuters
1886:endemic
1702:Bangkok
1386:by the
1014:Bangkok
890:Bangkok
717:Pattani
707:Singora
612:Wen Dan
582:Pan Pan
552:Tun Sun
123:scholar
4459:Portal
4390:Flower
4380:Emblem
4365:Anthem
4343:Animal
4333:Sports
4284:Poetry
4239:Cinema
4232:Comics
4174:Racism
4152:Health
4118:People
3947:Energy
3874:Police
3867:Senate
3715:Rivers
3508:
2989:
2970:
2951:
2925:
2592:
2449:
2439:
1834:Uyghur
1094:, and
849:Topics
687:Phayao
677:Lan Na
439:on the
125:
118:
111:
104:
96:
4445:Index
4375:Deity
4311:Music
4306:Media
4291:Names
4259:Drama
4199:Women
4086:Crime
3930:Banks
3922:Baht
3329:Coups
2447:S2CID
1648:brief
1084:China
1006:North
737:Reman
727:Satun
130:JSTOR
116:books
4397:Time
4385:Flag
4353:Bird
4253:wine
3989:NEEC
3979:CWEC
3840:Navy
3835:Army
3798:LGBT
3400:2017
3383:2007
3373:1997
3353:NCPO
3348:2014
3336:2006
3320:2023
3315:2019
3310:2014
3305:2011
3300:2007
3295:2006
3290:2005
3285:2001
3253:PDRC
3212:2010
3207:2009
3202:2008
2987:ISBN
2968:ISBN
2949:ISBN
2923:ISBN
2900:2018
2874:2018
2848:2018
2822:2018
2796:2018
2770:2018
2740:2018
2714:2018
2670:2018
2644:2018
2590:ISSN
2489:2020
2463:2020
2437:ISBN
2408:2020
2382:2020
2356:2020
2325:2019
2299:2020
2273:2018
2247:2018
2221:2018
2195:2018
2169:2018
2143:2018
2099:2018
2073:2018
2047:2018
2021:2018
1842:2012
1840:and
1838:2006
1657:See
1410:and
1115:and
1008:and
944:The
880:Isan
875:LGBT
592:Lavo
102:news
4227:Art
4157:HIV
3994:SEC
3984:NEC
3974:EEC
3815:Law
3341:CNS
3265:UDD
3248:PAD
2814:VOA
2663:CNN
2429:doi
2188:CNN
1902:IMF
1470:to
1201:to
1197:in
1063:in
85:by
4476::
3455:•
3442:•
3438:←
2891:.
2864:.
2838:.
2812:.
2786:.
2756:.
2731:.
2705:.
2686:.
2661:.
2634:.
2616:.
2588:.
2584:.
2565:.
2546:.
2528:.
2510:.
2506:.
2453:.
2445:.
2435:.
2399:.
2372:.
2342:.
2315:.
2289:.
2264:.
2238:.
2212:.
2186:.
2160:.
2134:.
2090:.
2064:.
2037:.
2012:.
1982:^
1888:.
1844:.
1743:.
1709:.
1451:.
1310:.
1173:.
1141:.
1090:,
47:.
4255:)
4251:(
3498:e
3491:t
3484:v
3023:e
3016:t
3009:v
2995:.
2976:.
2957:.
2931:.
2902:.
2876:.
2850:.
2824:.
2798:.
2772:.
2742:.
2716:.
2672:.
2646:.
2620:.
2602:.
2569:.
2491:.
2465:.
2431::
2410:.
2384:.
2358:.
2327:.
2301:.
2275:.
2249:.
2223:.
2197:.
2171:.
2145:.
2101:.
2075:.
2049:.
2023:.
1654:.
933:e
926:t
919:v
217:)
211:(
199:)
195:(
191:.
181:.
152:)
146:(
141:)
137:(
127:·
120:·
113:·
106:·
79:.
54:)
50:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
