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621:, used as a major military base by the Ottomans. Because of its military orientation, the city itself developed slowly during the Ottoman administration. Timișoara had two fortified parts: the castle and the city, which was surrounded by wooden and stone walls. 200 guns were used to defend the city as well as water trenches around the walls. Approximately 1,200 houses, schools, hotels, and public baths were to be found inside the walls, while outside the walls around 1,500 other houses were present.
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836:, or secret police, and as a reaction his house was surrounded by members of his church. People supporting him, including people of Romanian origin, gathered at the central square (Opera Square). The Communist administration ordered the army to fire at the congregation. However, a number of army officers refused to open fire and sided with the people. That was the beginning of the
1055:(B 1611, D March 1682) visits Timișoara. According to him (in Seyahatname/The book of travels), the locality had more than 36,000 inhabitants (living in 10 suburbs—1500 houses—around the fortress) and the fortress's garrison numbered 10,000 soldiers. In the fortress existed 1200 houses, more than 400 shops, 4 public baths, 3 restaurants and confectioneries, 7 schools.
22:
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1947:
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737:, revolutionaries took over the Hungarian government. Because the Austrian commander of the city's garrison decided to defend the Habsburg interests, the Hungarian army began an unsuccessful siege of Temesvár that lasted for 114 days. In the later stage of the revolution, the city was captured by the Serbian troops and for a short time was a capital of the
364:
421:. Almost half of the 41 graves yielded grave goods (including arrow heads, hair rings, earrings and bracelets), suggesting that those who were buried in the cemetery persisted with their pagan rites. The placing of arrow heads into graves is well documented among 10th-century Hungarian warriors in the
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was constructed, and in 1867 horse trams were introduced in the city. The
Hungarian city of Temesvár became the first European city to have electric street lights in 1884, while the trams became electric in 1899 (after Bucharest in 1884). Temesvár was also the first city in the Kingdom of Hungary and
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around 1177. The document mentioned two villages, "Sep" and "Vrman", on the royal estates attached to the fortress "Demesiensis". It was most probably made of earth and timber, according to historian Ferenc Sebők. The fortress, which was erected on a swampy land, near a tributary of the Temes, the
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rule, a new stone fortress was built around the city in 1723. Inside the walls houses, hospitals, schools, and churches were being raised, while outside the city factories were being opened. By the 1720 data, most of the inhabitants of the town were ethnic Serbs, and also some
Romanians. Later,
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and Temes became regulated. The city remained a military stronghold with a large garrison. This period was one of strong economic development and population increases. By 1781 Temesvár was one of the most important cities of the
Habsburg monarchy and as such it received a
867:, in his work "The book of pleasures", is describing precisely the road from Cavorz (i.e. Karlowitz/Sremski Karlovci) to Timișoara, passing through Cnez (i.e. Satchinez/Knez); he declare that Timișoara is "a pleasant city ... offering great richness".
987:
in
Romanian). The revolt was put down and George Dózsa executed in a cruel and unmerciful way (along with others 40,000–60,000 rebel peasants) in Timișoara. Today, on the place of the martyrdom, of the hot throne, there is the statue of
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who had refused to yield to him controlled large territories in other parts of
Hungary. In the next years, a royal castle was erected near the old fortress and the latter was rebuilt with stone. According to Petrovics, the church dedicated to
425:. The position of the arm bones in ten graves may indicates that Christians or people influenced by Christianity were also buried in the cemetery. Various types of rings point at commercial contacts between the local inhabitants and the
209:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
299:
195:
840:, which ended the Communist regime a week later. Timișoara was declared the first Free Town on 20 December 1989, suffering 130 reported deaths and 3,352 wounded during the revolution .
448:. Historian István Petrovics associates T.n.y.s.b.r with Temesvár, suggesting that Idrisi mislocated it because he had no direct information of the town. Timișoara was named after a
1512:
1953 – The State Magyar
Theater (Teatrul Maghiar de Stat) is established (known since 1990 as Csiky Gergely theatre), as well as the State German Theater (Teatrul German de Stat)
1407:
1899 – June 25: The first football/soccer match in today
Romania was held in Timișoara between the schoolboys of the Piarist High-school led by Carol Müller, gymnastic professor.
645:, as governor of the city. Because the town had burned down during the siege, the city was completely rebuilt under Mercy's supervision. Temesvár was officially conceded to the
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in 1342. The ethnicity of the citizens was rarely mentioned, but their names suggest that most "guest settlers" and burghers were
Hungarians. Records of citizens who moved from
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rivers were made under the
Ottoman occupation by A. Cornaro when some work was done in the Budinț-Chizatau zone. The first steps were made between 1728–1732 under Count
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used Temesvár as a military stronghold against the Turks, having built a powerful fortress. The city was repeatedly sieged by the
Ottomans in 1462, 1476, 1491, and 1522.
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was consecrated bishop in their local church in early 1323. After Charles I restored royal authority, he transferred his court from Temesvár to the centrally-located
1836:(in Hungarian). Szegedi Tudományegyetem Régészeti Tanszéke, Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Régészeti Intézet.
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Petrovics, István (2009). "Foreign Ethnic Groups in the Towns of Southern Hungary in the Middle Ages". In Keene, Derek; Nagy, Balázs; Szende, Katalin (eds.).
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Archaeological finds from a medieval cemetery show that a community of warriors settled in the region west of the present-day town in the second half of the
437:
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1926 – The statue of "Lupoaica" ("She-wolf" - Romulus and Remus), a gift from Italian authorities and later the town symbol, is inaugurated in the center.
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The development of the city continued after the attempted 1848/1849 revolution. In 1849, Temesvár became the capital of the new Habsburg province named
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warrant which would accelerate the development of the city even further. Because of the Habsburg administration, Temesvár was often referred to by the
212:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
80:
35:
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1930 – Timișoara has 91,866 inhabitants (census), was the seventh biggest city in Romania (26% Romanians, 30% Hungarians, 30% Germans, 8% Jewish).
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1760 – Timișoara is the first town in the Empire where the public lighting using suet candles and lamps with oil and grease is introduced.
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444:, mentioned a town named "T.n.y.s.b.r" and described it as a prosperous settlement, located to the south of the river "T.y.s.y.a", or
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begins in Timișoara. On 20 December, Timișoara is declared the first Communism Free Town. 1,104 people died and 3,352 were wounded .
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implies that Italian artisans settled in the town during this period, because the saint was primarily venerated in Naples. The
399:. While no record of the settlement is known from those times, it is generally agreed that the site was inhabited through the
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533:(now Dubrovnik in Croatia) settled in the town around 1402. Bulgarians, Romanians and Serbians also moved to the town in the
466:
84:
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529:, Maráz and other nearby villages to Temesvár prove that it had developed into an important regional center. Merchants from
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group of actors performed theatre plays in the town between May–November. Timișoara is the third town in the Empire, after
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saw in the ear the image of Holly Virgin. The first statue was raised here in 1865. The actual monument was raised in 1906.
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was introduced in the city, and in 1857 Timișoara received gas street lighting. In 1857 a train line linking Temesvár with
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takes the town from the Turks. The population consisted of 235,000 Romanians and about 100,000 Serbian and mixed families.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Romanian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Segregation-Integration-Assimilation: Religious and Ethnic Groups in the Medieval Towns of Central and Eastern Europe
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is located today has been inhabited since ancient times. The first identifiable civilization in this area were the
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853:(as Dibiscos/Bisiskos/Tibiskos/Tibiskon/Timbisko/etc.) is mentioned for the first time in written documents by
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network (first 52 subscribers) in Timișoara. The network was built as a private enterprise by Ignatiu Leyritz.
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settlers were brought in to settle in the area. The marshland around the city was reclaimed, while the rivers
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mill is set up in Timișoara. The factory, modernised in the 20th c. was still functioning in the middle '90s.
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1918 – December 3: French colonial forces arrive to avoid any possible conflicts between Serbia and Romania.
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1920 – The theater is destroyed by a fire. It will be rebuilt and opened only in 1928 (arch. Duiliu Marcu)
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1919 – August 3: Romanian army enters Timișoara. Installation of the Romanian administration of the region
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Because of Temesvár's strategic location, the Ottomans desired to capture the fortress during their
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channel. The Bega was transformed into a navigable channel (115 km) which connected the
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signed by sculptor György Kiss. According to the legend, during George Dózsa's surplice, the
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and Wallachia stops in Timișoara on his way into exile. He stays at the "Trompetistul" Inn.
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against the Kingdom of Hungary. Although the Hungarians suffered a devastating loss at the
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is established, and its first performance, in April 1947, is "Aida" by Giuseppe Verdi.
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Sebők, Ferenc (1994). "Temesvár". In Kristó, Gyula; Engel, Pál; Makk, Ferenc (eds.).
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which united the administrations of the region with those of the Kingdom of Hungary.
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The city was transformed into the administrative centre of an Ottoman province, the
541:"), who was a burgher of Temesvár in 1539, suggests that he was of Romanian origin.
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1944 – June 16–17th: the city is bombed for the first time, by Britain's RAF.
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1919 – July 28: Romanian administration is installed. After Trianon Treaty of 1920
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1992 – second democratic legislative elections in Romania, first local elections.
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913:'s church . This last church with this patronim was demolished before World War I.
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1945 – The first professional Romanian theatre group is established in Timișoara.
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1924:. Translated by Syonzi, Adina. Fundaţia Timişoara '89. Timișoara: Planetarium.
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1688 – The Turkish garrison of Timișoara rises against the Ottoman authorities.
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1342 – Timișoara was mentioned for the first time with the title of "civitas" (
711:, based on the Hungarian Temesvár. Temesvár was captured in 1788 and looted by
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641:. Prince Eugene entered the city on October 18 and named one of his officers,
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1907 – The walls of the fortress are destroyed to allow for new construction.
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A középkori Temesvár: Fejezetek a Bega-parti város 1552 előtti történetéből
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By the middle of the 14th century, Temesvár was at the forefront of Western
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1823 – November 3: In his letter addressed from Timișoara to his father in
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with other European riverways. The first attempt to regulate the Bega and
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1371:
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1304:–Timișoara, 112 kilometres (70 miles). To travel from Timișoara to
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1771 – The first printing house/owner Mathäus Heimerl, in Fabric quarter.
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Pictures and street map, from M. Seutter (Augsburg-Germany) 18th century
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in 1526, Temesvár was not conquered by the Ottomans until October 1551.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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halts in Timișoara and performs three concerts in the Theater's hall.
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1763–1772 – Second wave of German colonization under Empress
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In December 1989 a popular uprising began in Timișoara against the
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Az Erdélyi-medence, a Partium és a Bánság 10-11. századi temetői
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1920 – Set up and opening of the Polytechnic School of Timișoara.
761:. The province was abolished in 1860. The city became capital of
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The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526
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1389:" service of Timișoara. This is the first ambulance station in
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1782–1786 – Third wave of German colonists under Emperor
452:: the Hungarian name of the town, Temesvár, refers to a castle
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line. This is the first line in the territory of present-day
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was performed in Timișoara five years after its premiere in
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1396 – The town is preparing as the gathering camp for the
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took up his residence in Temesvár in 1315, because a dozen
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1928 – The first professional soccer club from Romania – "
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1918 – November 15: Serbian forces occupied the town. The
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1955 – The first radio show broadcast by Radio Timișoara.
429:. The cemetery was abandoned in the first decades of the
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The population statistics of the historical Temes county
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36h. The first railroads station is opened in Timișoara.
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were first mentioned in 1341, the burghers of Timișoara
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is partitioned between Romania (2/3) and Serbia (1/3).
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School in Timișoara founded and led by István Kiss of
537:. For instance, the name of Johannes Olaah ("John the
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Protesters in Timișoara during the first days of the
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Archaeological discoveries prove that the area where
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a machine-translated version of the Romanian article.
860:(not all historians agree with this identification).
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1921 – George Enescu's first concerts in Timișoara.
1101:1728/1771/1783 – Digging and regularization of the
87:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1226:mentions that he discovered the principles of the
1090:1722–1726 – First wave of German colonists (
629:The Ottomans surrendered the city to the Habsburg
460:(Temes). The fortress was first mentioned in the
1499:1944 – September 12: the Soviet Red Army enters.
1492:1944 – July 3: the city is bombed again, by the
1215:1819 – Joseph Klapka becomes mayor of Timișoara.
796:in 1919 together with most of the Banat region.
403:when the city was mentioned for the first time.
1040:fail to capture Timișoara after a 40-day siege.
578:was defeated in a battle near Temesvár and its
1897:(in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 669.
1893:Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9–14. század)
1578:A történelmi Temes vármegye népesedéstörténete
1454:in 6 consecutive editions of the championship.
1417:region was desired by both Serbia and Romania.
1285:1857 – Public street lighting with aerial gas.
902:and makes the city the capital of his kingdom.
227:accompanying your translation by providing an
189:Click for important translation instructions.
176:expand this article with text translated from
1337:Channel. Today 13 bridges exist in Timișoara.
288:, the largest and most important city in the
8:
1326:1869 – First tram with horses (6.6 km).
781:later Romania to have an ambulance station.
656:of 1718. Temesvár became the capital of the
479:. In 1241 the city was destroyed during the
975:is attacked by rebel peasant troops led by
887:1241 – The town is partly destroyed by the
617:. The fortress was rebuilt and, along with
50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1362:Train is launched, passing through Banat:
1058:1688 – The East Banat is conquered by the
1922:Timișoara: The History of a European City
1794:
1779:
1767:
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1719:
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1678:
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1186:1789 – Ottomans looted it during retreat.
1179:1788 – Ottomans captured Temeșvar during
1127:1753 – The first mention of an organized
269:Learn how and when to remove this message
147:Learn how and when to remove this message
1340:1879 – Start of the works on the town's
593:
574:In 1514 the largest peasants' revolt in
1969:
1564:
563:met at the city before engaging in the
367:Timișoara in a 1685 engraving by Wagner
1329:1870 – The first metallic bridge, the
788:, following an ephemerous pro-Hungary
307:is also known by the following names:
1743:
1707:
1602:
1166:1762–1763 – Epidemic of plague.
1163:1738–1739 – Epidemic of plague.
1013:1552 – Timișoara is conquered by the
945:and Captain of fortress of Timișoara.
881:) is mentioned in the decree of King
844:Timetable of the history of Timișoara
759:Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat
7:
1645:
1633:
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1482:is for the 5th time the champion of
1450:" from Timișoara is the champion of
863:1154 – The Arab geographer Sarif al
598:After the capture of Timișoara, 1552
239:{{Translated|ro|Istoria Timişoarei}}
85:adding citations to reliable sources
1308:took 26hours and from Timișoara to
767:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
1522:, the first Romanian alphanumeric
1248:Timișoara has 22,560 inhabitants.
923:1370 – The first handicraftsmen's
832:was ordered to be deported by the
14:
1288:1857 – Inauguration of the first
1080:besiege Timișoara unsuccessfully.
952:of Timișoara, the only author of
517:The "guest settlers" in the town
379:, who could be the namers of the
31:This article has multiple issues.
1996:
1984:
1972:
1945:
1544:against the communist regime of
1347:1879 – September 15: Recital of
1259:1852 – Timișoara is linked with
1256:(the longest siege of the town).
1143:with a permanent theatre season.
163:
61:
20:
1555:becomes the mayor of Timișoara.
800:The Romanian Revolution of 1989
72:needs additional citations for
39:or discuss these issues on the
1181:Austro-Turkish War (1787–1791)
877:1212 – The fort of Timișoara (
717:Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)
637:on 12 October 1716 during the
487:, but the walls were rebuilt.
237:You may also add the template
1:
1282:" opening night in Timișoara.
1062:'s general Veterani (born in
639:Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18
1857:(in Hungarian). JATE Press.
1533:is opened in Timișoara. The
1464:" - is founded in Timișoara.
1233:1846 – Composer and pianist
909:attends the holy service in
870:1177 – First mention of the
567:in 1396. Beginning in 1443,
1876:. Ashgate. pp. 67–88.
1537:is opened in the same year.
1400:1891 – The first permanent
1017:and becomes capital of the
927:is documented in Timișoara.
838:Romanian Revolution of 1989
586:was tortured and executed.
506:settled in the town before
2035:
1851:Petrovics, István (2008).
1815:. I.B. Tauris Publishers.
726:
410:
281:This article is about the
201:Machine translation, like
960:, publishes his works in
745:Modernization of Temesvár
178:the corresponding article
1151:Maria Theresa of Austria
723:The 1848/1849 Revolution
643:Claudius Florimund Mercy
483:invasion of Hungary and
413:Banat in the Middle Ages
1494:United States Air Force
1404:is opened in Timișoara.
1374:–Timișoara–
941:becomes county head of
874:in a medieval document.
652:by the Ottomans in the
535:15th and 16th centuries
519:(hospites de Themeswar)
514:in the summer of 1323.
248:For more guidance, see
1920:Ilieșu, Petru (2016).
1526:was made in Timișoara.
1470:1932–1938 – The
1385:1886 – Set up of the "
1292:in the Banat's plain:
1228:Non-Euclidean geometry
1085:Prince Eugene of Savoy
1002:1549 – Opening of the
813:
754:
635:Prince Eugene of Savoy
599:
548:'s battle against the
469:, was the seat of the
368:
96:"History of Timișoara"
807:
752:
654:Treaty of Passarowitz
597:
436:The mid-12th-century
411:Further information:
366:
250:Knowledge:Translation
221:copyright attribution
2019:History of Timișoara
1954:at Wikimedia Commons
1952:History of Timișoara
1830:Gáll, Erwin (2013).
1648:, pp. 493, 496.
1540:1989 – 16 December:
1333:bridge, is built on
1254:revolutionary forces
1172:1781 – 21 December:
1078:Frederick Augustus I
907:Charles I of Hungary
896:Charles I of Hungary
883:Andrew II of Hungary
872:Castrensis de Thymes
615:Province of Temeşvar
491:Charles I of Hungary
81:improve this article
1811:Engel, Pál (2001).
1681:, pp. 31, 100.
1529:1986 – The Botanic
1358:1883 – June 5: The
1317:Alexandru Ioan Cuza
1274:1855 – February 9:
1043:1660 – The Ottoman
879:Castrum Temesiensis
810:Romanian Revolution
735:Revolutions of 1848
707:) on the Temes" or
703:, meaning "castle (
565:Battle of Nicopolis
523:(cives de Temeswar)
1575:Gyémánt, Richárd.
1019:Eyalet of Temeşvar
973:Timișoara Fortress
937:1478–1494 –
814:
812:, 17 December 1989
794:Kingdom of Romania
755:
729:Battle of Temesvár
664:Kingdom of Hungary
600:
442:Muhammad al-Idrisi
369:
229:interlanguage link
1950:Media related to
1931:978-973-108-038-3
1883:978-0-7546-6477-2
1864:978-963-482-867-9
1843:978-963-306-197-8
1546:Nicolae Ceauşescu
1242:Johann Strauss II
1060:Habsburg monarchy
1051:and globetrotter
1034:Michael the Brave
1026:Sigismund Báthory
932:Nicopolis crusade
855:Byzantine Emperor
822:Nicolae Ceauşescu
753:Timișoara in 1910
739:Serbian Vojvodina
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1319:, Prince of
1263:through the
1247:
1224:János Bolyai
1030:Transylvania
984:
981:Dózsa György
980:
977:George Dozsa
911:Saint George
905:1323 – King
878:
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830:László Tőkés
815:
783:
771:
763:Temes County
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732:
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590:Ottoman Rule
584:György Dózsa
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569:John Hunyadi
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527:Șemlacu Mare
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431:11th century
419:10th century
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295:. Timișoara
282:
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225:edit summary
216:
185:(April 2023)
183:
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110:
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91:
79:Please help
74:verification
71:
47:
40:
34:
33:Please help
30:
1505:1946 – The
1280:La Traviata
1235:Franz Liszt
1220:Târgu-Mureş
1072:1696 – The
898:builds the
786:World War I
733:During the
701:Temeschburg
546:Christendom
407:Middle Ages
401:Middle Ages
381:Mureș river
329:Temeschburg
283:History of
180:in Romanian
1744:Engel 2001
1708:Engel 2001
1603:Sebők 1994
1560:References
1393:and today
1376:Caransebeş
1096:Charles VI
1049:geographer
1004:Protestant
990:Saint Mary
954:incunabula
834:Securitate
820:regime of
774:telegraphy
765:after the
709:Temeschwar
504:Dominicans
325:Temeschwar
107:newspapers
36:improve it
1646:Gáll 2013
1634:Gáll 2013
1622:Gáll 2013
1480:Timișoara
1387:Ambulance
1342:telephone
1265:telegraph
1210:Hungarian
1174:Joseph II
1158:Joseph II
1120:1728 – A
1045:historian
1038:Wallachia
851:Timișoara
826:Calvinist
818:Communist
604:campaigns
561:crusaders
377:Agathyrsi
373:Timișoara
359:Antiquity
309:Hungarian
285:Timișoara
243:talk page
42:talk page
2013:Category
1524:computer
1520:Mecipt 1
1476:Ripensia
1462:Ripensia
1448:Chinezul
1372:Jimbolia
1321:Moldavia
1306:Budapest
1302:Jimbolia
1290:railroad
1141:Budapest
1074:imperial
858:Basil II
772:In 1853
713:Ottomans
671:Habsburg
647:Austrian
631:Imperial
619:Belgrade
512:Visegrád
450:fortress
353:Temeşvar
349:Tamışvar
341:Темишвар
337:Temišvar
321:Temeswar
313:Temesvár
290:Romanian
219:provide
2003:Romania
1991:History
1965:Portals
1804:Sources
1518:1961 –
1484:Romania
1478:" from
1452:Romania
1395:Romania
1391:Hungary
1378:–
1370:–
1368:Kikinda
1366:–
1315:1866 –
1300:–
1298:Kikinda
1296:–
1269:Romania
1240:1847 –
1206:library
1189:1796 –
1129:theatre
1122:tobacco
1083:1716 –
1024:1596 –
971:1514 –
966:Hagenau
958:Romania
950:Pelbart
948:1497 –
894:1307 –
849:1019 –
828:pastor
684:Spanish
680:Italian
582:leader
580:Székely
345:Turkish
241:to the
223:in the
182:.
121:scholar
1979:Cities
1928:
1901:
1880:
1861:
1840:
1819:
1585:].
1474:team "
1472:soccer
1446:team "
1444:soccer
1402:museum
1380:Orşova
1364:Szeged
1310:Vienna
1294:Szeged
1261:Vienna
1195:Vienna
1137:Vienna
1133:German
1064:Venice
1008:Szeged
994:Jesuit
889:Tatars
865:Idrisi
784:After
778:Szeged
699:names
697:German
682:, and
676:German
669:Under
557:French
550:Muslim
531:Ragusa
485:Poland
481:Mongol
389:335 BC
383:. The
317:German
301:listen
123:
116:
109:
102:
94:
1581:[
1425:Banat
1415:Banat
1212:town.
1208:in a
1111:Timiș
1107:Banat
997:monks
962:Basel
943:Timiș
925:guild
539:Vlach
472:ispán
458:Timiș
454:(vár)
446:Tisza
397:Dacia
393:Roman
385:Getae
293:Banat
203:DeepL
128:JSTOR
114:books
1926:ISBN
1899:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1859:ISBN
1838:ISBN
1817:ISBN
1531:Park
1351:and
1335:Bega
1278:'s "
1139:and
1103:Bega
1032:and
918:city
705:Burg
688:Bega
467:Bega
217:must
215:You
196:View
100:news
1535:Zoo
1331:Bem
1036:of
1028:of
956:in
205:or
83:by
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1787:^
1686:^
1653:^
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1066:).
1047:,
920:).
741:.
719:.
678:,
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433:.
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351:/
347::
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335::
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323:/
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311::
45:.
1967::
1934:.
1907:.
1886:.
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1825:.
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1183:.
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1021:.
1010:.
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891:.
272:)
266:(
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245:.
150:)
144:(
139:)
135:(
125:·
118:·
111:·
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77:.
52:)
48:(
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