History of cosmetics - Knowledge (XXG)

89: 757:. The eyebrow pencil became vastly popular in the 1920s, in part because it was technologically superior to what it had been, due to a new ingredient: hydrogenated cottonseed oil (also the key constituent of another wonder product of that era Crisco Oil). The early commercial mascaras, like Maybelline, were simply pressed cakes containing soap and pigments. A woman would dip a tiny brush into hot water, rub the bristles on the cake, remove the excess by rolling the brush onto some blotting paper or a sponge, and then apply the mascara as if her eyelashes were a watercolor canvas. 465: 589:

stifled people's ability to regularly perceive their appearance. This, in turn, limited the need for a cosmetic market and resulted in individuals creating and applying their own products at home. Several technological advancements in the latter half of the century, including the innovation of mirrors, commercial photography, marketing and electricity in the home and in public, increased consciousness of one's appearance and created a demand for cosmetic products that improved one's image.

635:. Pale skin was associated with wealth because it meant that one was not out working in the sun and could afford to stay inside all day. Cosmetics were so unpopular that they could not be bought in department stores; they could only be bought at theatrical costume stores. A woman's "makeup routine" often only consisted of using papier poudré, a powdered paper/oil blotting sheet, to whiten the nose in the winter and shine their cheeks in the summer. 267:, played a significant role in the Middle East, highlighting not only its eye-protective aspects but also its cultural significance. The process of making kohl involved burning a substance to maintain a flame, a group of surfaces, and incorporating galena, a lead compound. Three items—jewelry, pottery, and seashells containing kohl—were buried with an ancient Emirati woman. Natural benefits of kohl also reduced eye swelling. 19: 619: 6166: 3909: 100:, where both Egyptian men and women used makeup to enhance their appearance. The first cosmetics appeared 5,000 years ago in Egypt. To achieve a pleasant smell and softness of the skin, incense oils were used, and women applied white to protect their faces from the sun. The Egyptians were also the first to use black antimony-based paint as eyeliner. And to create a natural blush, crushed flowers were used. 305:

Henna was also a helpful way to stay cool during the summer. The cultural and symbolic value of henna in the Middle East is enhanced by these designs. In the Middle East, older women typically apply henna as a cosmetic procedure to symbolize tradition, experience, and wisdom. By connecting generations, this tradition not only preserves cultural identity but also promotes intercultural understanding.

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paste. After that, the paste is applied to the skin in intricate patterns, frequently with the use of a brush or cone. A reddish-brown stain that might remain for several weeks is left behind when the dried paste peels off after a few hours. In Middle Eastern societies, this art form has been passed down through the years and is seen as a means of celebration and self-expression.

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many opportunities for newcomers entering the market, looking for chances to meet the diverse needs of consumers. The size of the cosmetics market for 2010 was 2286 billion yen on the basis of the value of shipments by brand manufacturer. With a growth rate of 0.1%, the market was almost unchanged from the previous year.

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For example, the Huadian or forehead decoration was said to have originated in the South Dynasty, when the Shouyang Princess was taking a walk in the palace in early spring and a light breeze brought a plum blossom onto her forehead. The plum blossom for some reason could not be washed off or removed

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and the consequent wariness to return to salons, trends that imitate salon procedures started to emerge, such as more complicated home skin-care regimens, hair color preserving products, and beauty tools. Early in the pandemic, sales on makeup essentials, like foundation and lipstick, decreased by up

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Japan: Japan is the second largest market in the world. Regarding the growth of this market, cosmetics in Japan have entered a period of stability. However, the market situation is quickly changing. Now consumers can access a lot of information on the Internet and choose many alternatives, opening up

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In the 1970s, at least five companies started producing make-up for African American women. Before the 1970s, makeup shades for Black women were limited. Face makeup and lipstick did not work for dark skin types because they were created for pale skin tones. These cosmetics that were created for pale

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South Korea: South Korea's cosmetic industry is on the rise with its creations, light ingredients, and aesthetic packages. In 2020, the market amassed $ 6.8 billion with a $ 2.6 billion loss due to COVID-19. The total export of products and trade increased by 16 percent with France being the largest

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is commonly used by cosmetic-conscious men. Cosmetics brands are releasing cosmetic products especially tailored for men, and men are using such products more commonly. There is some controversy over this, however, as many feel that men who wear makeup are neglecting traditional gender roles, and do

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utilized the color red to represent social class and also used the color in funeral processes. The pigment was produced with mercury, lead, and arsenic. Other products to make the red color includes animals and plants. These items helped create more variety of reds with various tones, intensity, and

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to dilate their eyes to appear larger. Though cosmetics were used discreetly by many women, makeup in Western cultures during this time was generally frowned upon, particularly during the 1870s, when Western social etiquette increased in rigidity. Teachers and clergy were specifically forbidden from

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In addition to its ceremonial use, henna can be used as a chemical-free alternative for hair and nail polish, particularly on special occasions. Beyond its artistic designs, henna is used in Muslim marriage rituals to paint certain patterns on the skin that are said to bring blessings, or "barakah".

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and alcohol, basic ingredients of many cosmetics, were diverted into war supply. Ironically, at this time when they were restricted, lipstick, powder, and face cream were most desirable and most experimentation was carried out for the post war period. Cosmetic developers realized that the war would

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developed their own shades. Eventually, makeup companies created makeup that worked for richer skin tones, such as foundations and powders that provided a natural match. Popular companies like Astarté, Afram, Libra, Flori Roberts and Fashion Fair priced the cosmetics reasonably due to the fact that

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in an attempt to lighten their complexion to brown, or to become an "intermediate" between black and white, as brownness was considered the ideal over black or white skin. Skin bleaches and hair straighteners created fortunes worth millions and accounted for a massive thirty to fifty percent of all

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Pale faces were a trend during the European Middle Ages. In the 16th century, women would bleed themselves to achieve pale skin. Spanish prostitutes wore pink makeup to contrast pale skin. 13th century Italian women wore red lipstick to show that they were upper class. Use of cosmetics continued in

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Henna has a particular significance in Middle Eastern cosmetic techniques. It is used for both practical and ornamental purposes, especially at weddings, Eid, and Ramadan. The application method is combining dried henna powder with water, lemon juice, strong tea, and additional substances to make a

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Cosmetics in the 1970s were divided into a "natural look" for day and a more sexualized image for evening. Non-allergic makeup appeared when the bare face was in fashion as women became more interested in the chemical value of their makeup. Modern developments in technology, such as the High-shear

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substance found in fish scales, which are still used extensively today. Despite the hazardous nature of some Egyptian cosmetics, ancient Egyptian makeup was also thought to have antibacterial properties that helped prevent infections. Remedies to treat wrinkles contained ingredients such as gum of

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was granted in 1919. Its color was a very faint pink. It's not clear how dark this rose was, but any girl whose nails were tipped in any pink darker than a baby's blush risked gossip about being "fast." Previously, only agricultural workers had sported suntans, while fashionable women kept their

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During the late 1800s, the Western cosmetics industry began to grow due to a rise in "visual self-awareness", a shift in the perception of color cosmetics, and improvements in the safety of products. Prior to the 19th century, limitations in lighting technology and access to reflective devices

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drifted down onto her fair face, leaving a floral imprint on her forehead that enhanced her beauty further. The court ladies were said to be so impressed, that they started decorating their own foreheads with a small delicate plum blossom design. This is also the mythical origin of the floral

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in any way. Fortunately, it looked beautiful on her, and all of a sudden became all the rage among the girls of the commoners. It is therefore called the "Shouyang makeup" or the "plum blossom makeup." This makeup was popular among the women for a long time in the Tang and Song Dynasties.

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Women of royal families painted red spots on the center of their cheeks, right under their eyes. However, it is a mystery why. They said that red cheeks (Face Blush) are a reason of happy queen. Blusher helps to enhance the face shape to bring out the cheek bones to lift the makeup look.

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were performed as early as 1920, but it wasn't until the 1960s when cosmetic surgery was used to reduce the signs of aging. During the twentieth century, cosmetic surgery mainly revolved around women. Men only participated in the practice if they had been disfigured by the war.

511:, where the face was whitened and the cheeks rouged. Cosmetics continued to be used in the following centuries, though attitudes towards cosmetics varied throughout time, with the use of cosmetics being openly frowned upon at many points in Western history. In the 19th century, 872:. Johnson Product Company created various hair care products to upkeep the Afro look. Products like Afro Sheen and Ultra Sheen became popular amongst Black consumers. As Black consumerism grew, White owned companies tried to make their way into the Black hair care industry. 561:, malachite, azurite, veszelyite, and copper-containing minerals. Similar to red, the colors were also used in funerals and used to represent royalty. Orange and yellow were used with the same purpose of prestige being produced with hematite, goethite, and limonite. 990:

In Latin America's cosmetic and personal-care industry, it has been increasing significantly and become much more diverse. Within the industry, the thought of sustainability in products are considered to find alternatives to silicone and palm sourced additives.

927:, though; women also were interested in new lipstick colors such as lilac, green, and silver. These lipsticks were often mixed with pale pinks and whites, so women could create their own individual shades. "Blush-ons" came into the market in this decade, with 275:

has been used for over 15 centuries in the region. In comparison to other types, Ithmid kohl not only has cosmetic benefits but also promotes health without harmful substances. Women used cosmetics widely in the private sphere, while only female slaves and

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invented the metal container for lipstick, which gave license to its mass production. The Flapper style also influenced the cosmetics of the 1920s, which embraced dark eyes, red lipstick, red nail polish, and the suntan, invented as a fashion statement by

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through billboards, magazines, and newspapers created a high demand for the product. These advertisement and cosmetic marketing styles were soon replicated in European countries, which further increased the popularity of the advertised products in Europe.

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beauty book showed that cosmetics were now acceptable for the literate classes to wear. With that said, men often saw rouge as a mark of sex and sin, and rouging was considered an admission of ugliness. In 1915, a Kansas legislature proposed to make it a

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Cultures to use cosmetics include the ancient Greeks and the Romans. In the Roman Empire, the use of cosmetics was common amongst prostitutes and rich women. Such adornment was sometimes lamented by certain Roman writers, who thought it to be against the

205:, a decorative paste made from ground wood, in the 9th century C.E. It is worn on the face as sunscreen and insect repellent, as well as decoration, with women painting flowers, leaves and stars in white and yellow pastes. The practice is derived from 911:, protestors symbolically threw a number of feminine products into a "Freedom Trash Can." This included cosmetics, which were among items the protestors called "instruments of female torture" and accouterments of what they perceived to be enforced 859:

In addition, Black women joined the consumer market in America for hair care. Due to innovations in technology in the 1940s and 1950s, Black women were given more options in hair straightening techniques. In 1954, George E. Johnson started the

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opened up a professional makeup studio for stage and screen actors in Los Angeles in 1909. Even though his store was intended for actors, ordinary women came in to purchase theatrical eye shadow and eyebrow pencils for their home use.

605:, and Hudnut helped popularize cosmetics to the broader public. Skincare, along with "face painting" products like powders, also became in-demand products of the cosmetics industry. The mass advertisements of cold cream brands such as 748:. Many of the present day makeup manufacturers were established during the 1920s and 1930s. Lipsticks were one of the most popular cosmetics of this time, more so than rouge and powder, because they were colorful and cheap. In 1915, 947:

Beauty products are now widely available from dedicated internet-only retailers, who have more recently been joined online by established outlets, including major department stores and traditional brick-and-mortar beauty retailers.

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were introduced in the early 1900s, but only lavender water or refined cologne was admissible for women to wear. Cosmetic deodorant was invented in 1888, by an unknown inventor from Philadelphia and was trademarked under the name

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Face powders, rouges, lipstick and similar products made from home were found to have toxic ingredients, which deterred customers from their use. Discoveries of non-toxic cosmetic ingredients, such as Henry Tetlow's 1866 use of

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and on the black & white screen. Face enameling (applying actual paint to the face) became popular among the rich at this time in an attempt to look paler. This practice was dangerous due to the main ingredient often being

549:, the arms were painted on the arm with a mixture consisting of wool and the individual's blood. Like the Colombian women, the petroleum is used with the exception of the breasts to prevent interference with child development. 70:

Cosmetics were also used in ancient Rome, although much of Roman literature suggests that it was frowned upon. It is known that some women in ancient Rome invented make up including lead-based formulas, to whiten the skin, and

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The Middle East's adherence to Islamic rules shapes various aspects of daily life, including cosmetics and was also used throughout the Middle East and Near East after the advent of Islam. A specific type of kohl known as

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not view men wearing cosmetics in a positive light. Others, however, view this as a sign of increasing gender equality and feel that men also have the right to enhance their facial features with cosmetics if women do.

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has its roots in north Africa. The use of black kohl eyeliner and eyeshadows in dark colours such as blue, red, and black was common, and was commonly recorded and represented in Egyptian art, as well as being seen in

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granted physicians the legal right to advertise their procedures. The optimistic and simplified nature of narrative advertisements often made the surgeries seem hazard-free, even though they were anything but. The

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exporter followed by the United States and Japan. Skincare products remain to be the largest imported items at 34.17 percent along with perfumes and haircare products being other large, imported goods in 2021.

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Russia: One of the most interesting emerging markets, the 5th largest in the world in 2012, the Russian perfumery and cosmetics market has shown the highest growth of 21% since 2004, reaching US$ 13.5 billion.

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advertisements in the black press of the decade. Oftentimes, these bleaches and straighteners were created and marketed by African American women themselves. Skin bleaches contained caustic chemicals such as

955:(FDA) does not approve or review cosmetics, although it does regulate the colors that can be used in hair dyes. Cosmetic companies are not required to report injuries resulting from use of their products. 446:(apprentice geisha) graduate and become independent. The geisha would also sometimes use bird droppings to compile a lighter color. The beginning of the modern Japanese cosmetic industry began after the 939:

introduced the lady saleswoman. In fact, the whole cosmetic industry in general opened opportunities for women in business as entrepreneurs, inventors, manufacturers, distributors, and promoters.

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Although modern makeup has been used mainly by women traditionally, gradually an increasing number of males are using cosmetics usually associated to women to enhance their own facial features.

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19th-century fashion ideals of women appearing delicate, feminine and pale were achieved by some through the use of makeup, with some women discreetly using rouge on their cheeks and drops of

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tended to use them in public. Ointments, powders, and pastes were used as skin-lightening agents to comply with the era's beauty standards. Perfumed creams were also used on the face, as were

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Beauty standards varied by tribes. Cosmetics was typically describing an individual's social class. These tribes tend to have the product on their bodies in addition to their face. In

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The body was considered as their portrait to the Maya with various images of plants, animals, and humans being common images. Other designs include personal designs using geometry.

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During the early 1900s, makeup was not excessively popular. In fact, women hardly wore makeup at all. Make-up at this time was still mostly the territory of prostitutes, those in

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had this same appeal in the lower price range. Gala cosmetics were one of the first to give its products fantasy names, such as the lipsticks in "lantern red" and "sea coral."

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being one of the companies producing such products. One item used in products is epseama derived from seaweed. The ingredient serves as an anti-aging agent in skin products.

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products were produced to help both men and women achieve the "sun-kissed" look. In Asia, skin whitening continued to represent the ideal of beauty, as it does to this day.

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developed cosmetic tattooing during this time period. He was able to tattoo on pink blushes, red lips, and dark eyebrows. He also was able to tattoo men disfigured in the

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Both sexes used cosmetics throughout the pre-Islamic Near East, going back to the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, and Iran. Eye makeup in the form of

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became a popular hairstyle and required a new set of beauty demands. The afro became a symbol of naturalness, and rose with the "Black is Beautiful Movement," as well as

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required of women by what they considered traditional Roman values; and later by Christian writers who expressed similar sentiments in a slightly different context.

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for the actress, relying on her experiments with kohl. Others who saw the opportunity for the mass-market of cosmetics during this time were Max Factor Sr. and

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sheen. Different shades of red determine a person's social status as red was represented luxury. Other colors in Maya society were blue and green made with

545:, cosmetic products used oil or petroleum with various colors for the face and vermillion for the body. More color indicates the woman of higher class. For 864:

and introduced a safe straightening hair care system that could be purchased in stores and done at home. As America shifted into the 1960s and 1970s, the

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Flowers play an important decorative role in China. Legend has it that once on the 7th day of the 1st lunar month, while Princess Shouyang, daughter of

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Oumeish, Oumeish Youssef (July 2001). "The cultural and philosophical concepts of cosmetics in beauty and art through the medical history of mankind".

5902: 3710: 1015:. The use of cosmetics allowed them to create an alter ego, and were part of the visual entertainment of their shows. Currently, the popularity of 259:

is a black powder that was used widely across the Persian Empire. It was used as a powder or smeared to darken the edges of the eyelids similar to

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and greying hair. They also used these products on their mummies, because they believed that it would make them irresistible in the after life.

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has created a rise in men's cosmetics. Some men have chosen to wear nail polish, makeup, and other cosmetics to express their identity online.

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which were more natural looking and had greater staying power in wear than their predecessors. The prime cosmetic of the time was

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publicly declared makeup improper, vulgar, and acceptable only for use by actors, with many famous actresses of the time, such as

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was considered provocative, so was only seen on "women of the night." Some women used burnt matchsticks to darken eyelashes, and

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reported that more than two million Americans elected to undergo cosmetic procedures, both surgical and non-surgical, in 1998,

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Today the market of cosmetics has a different dynamic compared to the 20th century. Some countries are driving this economy:

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in 1868. New products began appearing in the markets for skin care and dermatology due to new ingredients and technologies.

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which is still in use today. Jars of what could be compared with setting lotion have been found to contain a mixture of

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followed the same principle as the Mayans regarding the significance of the color red with it being found in mummies.

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was used during wedding celebrations to beautify the bride. Men and children used kohl on their eyes and henna as a

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for women under the age of forty-four to wear cosmetics "for the purpose of creating a false impression." The

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Around 1910, make-up became fashionable in the United States of America and Europe owing to the influence of

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and even death in high dosages. Many times these regimens were used daily, increasing an individual's risk.

789:. During the 1920s and 1930s, facial configuration and social identity dominated a plastic surgeon's world. 6074: 5777: 5651: 5257: 5148: 5136: 4832: 4573: 4412: 4049: 3983: 3967: 3680: 3590: 3580: 3552: 3517: 2998: 2380: 1481: 729: 337: 4719: 2162: 6099: 5838: 5516: 5452: 5326: 5019: 4945: 4714: 4652: 4528: 4476: 4469: 4015: 3890: 3532: 3343: 3191: 2675: 1140:

Watts, Ian (1 September 2010). "The pigments from Pinnacle Point Cave 13B, Western Cape, South Africa".

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by inserting skin tones in damaged faces and by covering scars with colors more pleasing to the eye.

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Like most industries, cosmetic companies resist regulation by government agencies. In the U.S., the

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In the 1970s, male musicians began to use makeup onstage. This included famous rock stars such as

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became high in demand because it was used on chapped lips, as a base for hair tonic, and soap.

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giving them wide publicity. This product was applied to the forehead, lower cheeks, and chin.

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as a face powder, and the distribution of cosmetic products by established companies such as

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in human culture. The evidence for this comes in the form of utilised red mineral pigments (

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made efforts to increase public awareness about plastic surgery. As a result, in 1982, the

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Burlando, Bruno; Verotta, Luisella; Cornararara, Laura & Bottini-Massa, Elisa (2010).

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skins as pale as possible. In the wake of Chanel's adoption of the suntan, dozens of new

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ranked second, while numbers three, four, and five went to eye surgery, face-lifts, and

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painted her eyelids (approximately 840 BC). Cosmetics are also mentioned in the book of

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Olson, Kelly (2009). "Cosmetics in Roman Antiquity: Substance, Remedy, Poison".

1012: 1004: 812: 774: 754: 685: 508: 289: 194: 133: 2514: 2348:"Reggie Wells, 76, Dies; Makeup Artist for Oprah Winfrey and Other Black Stars" 5738: 5631: 5589: 5405: 5368: 5331: 4814: 4726: 4591: 4553: 4454: 4427: 4347: 4260: 4177: 4145: 4099: 4010: 3978: 3810: 3805: 3725: 3675: 3670: 3615: 3605: 3462: 3292: 3233: 3120: 2973: 2767: 2234:"The Normalization of Cosmetic Surgery in Women's Magazines from 1960 to 1989" 1368: 932: 924: 912: 840: 733: 717: 701: 697: 594: 281: 202: 198: 2801: 2635: 2359: 2195:

Haiken, Elizabeth (2000). "The Making of the Modern Face: Cosmetic Surgery".

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Painting the Skin Pigments on Bodies and Codices in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica

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Mixed Blood: Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-century America

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and highlighting the face with white eye shadow cream also became popular.

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created products and advertisements that were aimed to support Black hair.

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Power, Camilla (2004). "Women in Prehistoric Art". In Berghaus, G. (ed.).

660:". Roll-on deodorant was launched in 1952, and aerosol deodorant in 1965. 622:

Audience applying makeup at lecture by beautician in Los Angeles, c. 1950.

5420: 5356: 5161: 4901: 4896: 4804: 4679: 4501: 4464: 4444: 3936: 3885: 3870: 3800: 3755: 3665: 3575: 3522: 3507: 3487: 3447: 3417: 3412: 3276: 3266: 3238: 3218: 3064: 3059: 2983: 2978: 2963: 2953: 1685:"Flower deities mark the lunar months with stories of Love & Tragedy" 992: 904: 779: 766: 693: 648: 640: 602: 542: 427: 415: 178: 146: 129: 2210: 1260: 5482: 5388: 5274: 5232: 5208: 4988: 4794: 4704: 4558: 4459: 4417: 4280: 4199: 4152: 4140: 3795: 3620: 3570: 3482: 3208: 3203: 3186: 3130: 1252: 1113:"Red ochre, body painting and language: interpreting the Blombos ochre" 873: 836: 741: 632: 627: 439: 241: 170: 125: 117: 60: 2579:"Lessons from categorising the entire beauty products sector (Part 1)" 2432:

Dow, Bonnie J. (2003). "Feminism, Miss America, and Media Mythology".

2265: 2233: 1276: 442:(black paint) colours the teeth for the ceremony, called Erikae, when 5550: 5227: 5087: 5065: 4918: 4854: 4799: 4189: 4167: 4135: 4109: 3790: 3780: 3730: 3705: 3685: 3557: 3297: 3228: 3196: 2988: 2756:"Clariant presents natural ingredients at in-cosmetics Latin America" 1811:"Instantly Grab The Best Brand's Basic Makeup Essentials – Albertros" 1016: 928: 847:

skin tones only made dark skin appear grey. Makeup artists, such as

679:

in 1910, where ochers and crimsons were the most typical shades. The

664: 598: 407: 285: 245: 121: 64: 42: 37:

spans at least 7,000 years and is present in almost every society on

1723:. 36–37. Sino-American Cultural and Economic Association: 9. 1991. 255:, were used in Persia and what today is Iran from ancient periods. 5616: 5336: 5220: 5070: 5024: 4886: 4741: 4689: 4635: 4265: 4231: 3880: 3830: 3820: 3735: 3512: 3427: 3397: 3392: 2728:"Sleeping beauty halls: how Covid-19 upended the 'lipstick index'" 1941:. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press. pp. 12–13, 17–18. 1693:. Government Information Office, Republic of China. Archived from 1039: 900: 785:

In the time period after the First World War, there was a boom in

644: 617: 572: 463: 393: 379: 323: 277: 214: 174: 154: 150: 87: 41:. Cosmetic body art is argued to have been the earliest form of a 38: 17: 888:

result in a phenomenal boom afterwards, so they began preparing.

675:. Colored makeup was introduced in Paris upon the arrival of the 5562: 5523: 5203: 5003: 4859: 4789: 4709: 4581: 4094: 3492: 2385: 1384:"Ancient Egypt's Toxic Makeup Fought Infection, Researchers Say" 1075:

Power, Camilla (2010). "Cosmetics, identity and consciousness".

865: 496: 435: 431: 389: 92:

Ancient Egypt beauty box, with accessories including a kohl tube

5807: 5130: 4769: 4035: 3940: 3381: 2907: 1454:

Llewyn-Jones, Lloyd (2014). "Beautiful to behold is the king".

430:, were used by geisha as a makeup base. Rice powder colors the 351:(梅花妝; literally "plum blossom makeup"), that originated in the 5166: 4874: 4640: 4598: 2892: 419: 128:

mannite, however the bromine-based makeup was severely toxic.

1429:

Gisela Helmecke (2006). "Cosmetics". In Josef W. Meri (ed.).

1402:"Top 5 Benefits of Madagascar's Natural Sunscreen Masonjoany" 907:

decided to go without any cosmetics. In 1968 at the feminist

826:

During the 1920s, numerous African Americans participated in

2903: 2537: 2535: 2025: 2023: 2021: 732:

had the most influential impact on cosmetics. Stars such as

116:. Ancient Egyptians also extracted cosmetic face paint from 1850:

University of Oregon School of Journalism and Communication

987:

to 70% because of quarantining and face-covering mandates.

2893:"Regency Cosmetics and Make-Up: Looking Your Best in 1811" 2856:"Regency Cosmetics and Make-Up: Looking Your Best in 1811" 165:. To improve breath the ancient Egyptians chewed herbs or 63:

painted her eyelids—approximately 840 BC—and the book of

2702:"The beauty trends customers are buying during Covid-19" 2190: 2188: 1889:

Lipstick: A Celebration of the World's Favorite Cosmetic

1973:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 44–63. 1623:"15 Ancient Arabian Beauty, Skincare And Hair Secrets" 1100:. Westport, CT & London: Praeger. pp. 75–104. 851:, who specialized in black women celebrities, such as 438:; rouge contours the eye socket and defines the nose. 292:

for their hair, but rarely used other cosmetic items.

141:. For scars and burns, a special ointment was made of 2811:

Hope in a Jar: The Making of America's Beauty Culture

1784:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 32. 692:

was one of the first to suggest using a pencil line (

49:) including crayons associated with the emergence of 2868:"Naked face project: Women try no-makeup experiment" 1657:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 295. 132:

with shimmering effects were initially made using a

6144: 6118: 6067: 6047: 6026: 6012: 5986: 5951: 5920: 5900: 5853: 5846: 5660: 5473: 5300: 5147: 5012: 4976: 4825: 4782: 4572: 4403: 4376: 4301: 4218: 4123: 4048: 3326: 3285: 3249: 3139: 3088: 3052: 2941: 1318:

Introduction to Cosmetic Formulation and Technology

355:(420–589) and became popular amongst ladies in the 1295:Your Guide to a Safe and Natural Skin Care Routine 149:juice. An alternative treatment was a poultice of 96:One of the earliest cultures to use cosmetics was 736:had a substantial effect on the makeup industry. 284:-based pastes to protect the skin from sunlight. 177:. These doubled as remedies for problems such as 1568:"Understanding Kohl in Islam correctly Archives" 1996:"A History of Make-up & Fashion: 1900-1910" 1456:King and Court in Ancient Persia 559 to 331 BCE 839:in the skin. These bleaches could cause severe 2322:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 322. 1654:How to read Chinese poetry: A guided anthology 809:American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 320:Traditional Chinese cosmetics and hanfu makeup 5819: 3952: 2919: 426:wax, a softer version of the sumo wrestlers' 67:describes various beauty treatments as well. 8: 2631:Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition 1180:Adkins, Lesley & Adkins, Roy A. (1998). 982:With the imposition of lockdowns due to the 798:were introduced in 1962. In the 1980s, the 6023: 5850: 5826: 5812: 5804: 5144: 5127: 4779: 4766: 4224: 4045: 4032: 3959: 3945: 3937: 3378: 2926: 2912: 2904: 2553: 2541: 2501: 2419: 2407: 2125: 2113: 2089: 2077: 2053: 2041: 2029: 1969:Jones, Geoffrey (2010). "How Do I Look?". 1937:Vázquez de Agredos Pascual, Luisa (2018). 1874: 1175: 1173: 1115:. In Botha, Rudolf; Knight, Chris (eds.). 55:in Africa. Cosmetics are mentioned in the 2277: 2275: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1740: 1738: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1431:Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K, index 332:performer with traditional stage make up. 248:, where beauty treatments are described. 2676:"South Korea – Country Commercial Guide" 1207: 1205: 856:they wanted to reach out to the masses. 2179: 2149: 2137: 1424: 1422: 1067: 2515:"Cosmetics and Personal Care Products" 2484: 2474: 2232:Lee, Shu-Yueh; Clark, Naeemah (2014). 1646: 1644: 740:was Bara's makeup artist; she created 219:Northwest coastal region of the island 2565: 2101: 2065: 1916:. Abner Schram Ltd. pp. 40, 42. 1891:. New York City: St. Martin's Press. 1598:"The Art of Henna in Muslim Cultures" 1591: 1589: 1433:. Taylor & Francis. p. 177. 1382:Bhanoo, Sindya N. (18 January 2010). 835:, which suppressed the production of 418:and edges of the eyes as well as the 107:in Ancient Egypt is well documented. 29:applied ≈1,320 BC (≈3,300 years ago). 7: 919:mixer facilitated the production of 800:American Society of Plastic Surgeons 2585:. 27 September 2009. Archived from 1098:New Perspectives in Prehistoric Art 903:in the western world influenced by 2680:International Trade Administration 1315:Baki, G.; Alexander, K.S. (2015). 1182:Handbook to life in Ancient Greece 883:, cosmetics were in short supply. 14: 5083:Megalithic architectural elements 2832:. New York City: Broadway Books. 1543:"Kohl enjoys a beautiful history" 899:During the 1960s and 1970s, many 6165: 6164: 3908: 3907: 2467:Duffett, Judith (October 1968). 2381:"Modern Living: Black Cosmetics" 2282:Dorman, Jacob S. (1 June 2011). 1541:Ghazal, Rym (25 February 2011). 1078:Journal of Consciousness Studies 773:in 1936. The first patent for a 5702:Evolutionary origin of religion 2874:. 28 March 2012. Archived from 2346:Tumin, Remy (12 January 2024). 1356:Chemical & Engineering News 229:Cosmetics are mentioned in the 5999:Medieval Islamic World alchemy 2634:. 3 March 2005. Archived from 2626:"FDA Authority Over Cosmetics" 2519:Charles Ross & Son Company 2291:Journal of Pan African Studies 1914:Woman in pre-Columbian America 1596:FANN, BAYT AL (23 July 2022). 1458:. Edinburgh University Press. 1214:Herbal Principles in Cosmetics 1119:. OUP Oxford. pp. 62–92. 879:From 1939 to 1945, during the 533:the use of cosmetic products. 410:wore lipstick made of crushed 1: 5315:Art of the Middle Paleolithic 4845:British megalith architecture 2608:"Cosmetics and your health". 2434:Rhetoric & Public Affairs 1887:Pallingston, Jessica (1998). 1809:Ahmed, Rosli (20 June 2022). 1495:10.1016/s0738-081x(01)00194-8 1351:"What's That Stuff? Lipstick" 1216:. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 769:in 1907 and he also invented 5310:Art of the Upper Paleolithic 4850:Nordic megalith architecture 1156:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.006 953:Food and Drug Administration 765:, invented modern synthetic 240:, where the biblical figure 3152:Hair coloring and bleaching 2792:Angeloglou, Maggie (1970). 2762:(11): 4. 28 November 2019. 804:United States Supreme Court 489:mentioned cosmetics in his 6217: 5458:British Isles and Brittany 5379:Gwion Gwion rock paintings 1994:Sava, Sanda (5 May 2016). 1651:Cai, Zong-qi, ed. (2008). 1143:Journal of Human Evolution 1035:Female cosmetic coalitions 667:and theatre stars such as 647:petals to stain the lips. 457: 402:History of makeup in Japan 399: 317: 6160: 5143: 5126: 4778: 4765: 4227: 4044: 4031: 3974: 3903: 3388: 3377: 2897:Regency England 1790-1830 2860:Regency England 1790-1830 2809:Peiss, Kathy Lee (1998). 2796:. London, UK: Macmillan. 2768:10.1016/j.fos.2019.11.014 2238:Journal of Magazine Media 1912:Anton, Ferdinand (1973). 1369:10.1021/cen-v077n028.p031 474:Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec 460:Cosmetics in ancient Rome 157:, or an ointment made of 2828:Riordan, Teresa (2004). 2611:Office on Women's Health 1840:Madrano, Autumn (1999). 815:being the most popular. 263:. Cosmetics, especially 6068:On specific discoveries 5690:Evolutionary musicology 5093:Oldest extant buildings 5020:Archaeological features 4539:Prepared-core technique 3626:Laura Mercier Cosmetics 3408:Anastasia Beverly Hills 3334:Cosmetic electrotherapy 2959:Botulinum toxin (Botox) 2316:Spickard, P.R. (1989). 1186:Oxford University Press 862:Johnson Product Company 137:frankincense and fresh 5652:Unchambered long cairn 5500:Mound Builders culture 4833:Neolithic architecture 3968:Prehistoric technology 3591:Jeffree Star Cosmetics 3518:Daigaku Honyaku Center 2813:. Metropolitan Books. 2794:The History of Make-up 1482:Clinics in Dermatology 1349:Johnson, Rita (1999). 1321:. Wiley. p. 350. 1117:The Cradle of Language 623: 477: 397: 363:(960–1279) dynasties. 338:Emperor Wu of Liu Song 333: 93: 30: 6201:History of industries 5327:List of Stone Age art 4529:Microblade technology 4477:Langdale axe industry 4075:Ard / plough 3533:Elizabeth Arden, Inc. 3438:Bath & Body Works 3383:Major cosmetic brands 3344:Cosmetics advertising 2446:10.1353/rap.2003.0028 2250:10.1353/jmm.2014.0014 1747:"Ancient Cosmetology" 669:Mathilde Kschessinska 621: 470:Woman at her Toilette 467: 383: 327: 161:and powdered root of 91: 21: 6196:History of chemistry 6191:History of cosmetics 5854:Physical chemistry ( 5835:History of chemistry 5734:Prehistoric medicine 5729:Prehistoric counting 5712:Prehistoric religion 5707:Paleolithic religion 5685:Behavioral modernity 5042:Causewayed enclosure 4934:Abri de la Madeleine 4058:Neolithic Revolution 3721:Neal's Yard Remedies 3359:History of cosmetics 3339:Cosmetic ingredients 2760:Focus on Surfactants 2469:WLM vs. Miss America 1842:"A Colorful History" 1721:West & East 中美月刊 909:Miss America protest 817:Breast augmentations 571:culture in northern 414:petals to paint the 114:Egyptian hieroglyphs 59:—2 Kings 9:30 where 35:history of cosmetics 6119:Scientific disputes 5901:Organic chemistry ( 5773:Prehistoric warfare 4519:Magdalenian culture 4482:Levallois technique 4413:Earliest toolmaking 3498:ColourPop Cosmetics 3101:Circle contact lens 2662:Premium Beauty News 1821:on 26 December 2022 1111:Watts, Ian (2009). 6152:Women in chemistry 5724:Origin of language 5717:Spiritual drug use 5627:Rectangular dolmen 5529:Dartmoor kistvaens 5342:Carved stone balls 5054:Circular enclosure 5013:Other architecture 4956:Alp pile dwellings 4544:Solutrean industry 4455:Gravettian culture 4105:Secondary products 3349:Cosmetic packaging 3106:Eyelash extensions 2891:Forsling, Yvonne. 2854:Forsling, Yvonne. 2736:. 18 December 2020 2614:. 4 November 2004. 2589:on 10 October 2009 2352:The New York Times 2163:"Eugène Schueller" 1856:on 17 January 2001 1574:. 4 September 2017 1388:The New York Times 1253:10.1353/clw.0.0098 724:In the 1920s, the 624: 492:Naturalis Historia 478: 398: 353:Southern dynasties 334: 94: 75:to line the eyes. 31: 6178: 6177: 6136:Transfermium Wars 6079:Carbon nanotubes 6063: 6062: 6004:Indian metallurgy 5982: 5981: 5952:Applied chemistry 5921:Nuclear chemistry 5801: 5800: 5797: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5746:Prehistoric music 5695:music archaeology 5352:Cup and ring mark 5177:Clothing/textiles 5122: 5121: 5118: 5117: 4761: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4564:Yubetsu technique 4549:Striking platform 4514:Lithic technology 4399: 4398: 4384:Game drive system 4303:Projectile points 4195:Mortar and pestle 3934: 3933: 3899: 3898: 3876:Victoria's Secret 3586:Helena Rubinstein 3468:Bumble and bumble 3364:Cosmetic industry 2820:978-0-8050-5550-4 2329:978-0-299-12114-3 2262:Project MUSE 1980:978-0-19955-649-6 1948:978-0-8165-3844-7 1898:978-0-312-19914-2 1877:, pp. 41–42. 1791:978-0-521-18689-6 1778:Mei, Hua (2011). 1664:978-0-231-13941-0 1328:978-1-118-76378-0 1273:Project MUSE 1223:978-1-43981-213-6 1195:978-0-19512-491-0 1126:978-0-19-156767-4 984:COVID-19 pandemic 870:Black nationalism 796:Silicone implants 738:Helena Rubinstein 448:Meiji Restoration 207:cultural exchange 6208: 6168: 6167: 6024: 5964:Material science 5875:Electrochemistry 5870:Molecular theory 5851: 5828: 5821: 5814: 5805: 5761:Divje Babe flute 5668:Archaeoastronomy 5411:Petrosomatoglyph 5145: 5128: 4977:Water management 4780: 4767: 4670:Denticulate tool 4492:Lithic reduction 4225: 4046: 4033: 3961: 3954: 3947: 3938: 3911: 3910: 3696:Morphe Cosmetics 3661:Make Up For Ever 3478:Carol's Daughter 3379: 3257:Artificial nails 3214:Styling products 3019:Permanent makeup 2949:Anti-aging cream 2928: 2921: 2914: 2905: 2900: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2878:on 30 March 2012 2863: 2843: 2830:Inventing Beauty 2824: 2805: 2779: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2708:. 10 August 2020 2698: 2692: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2672: 2666: 2665: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2551: 2545: 2539: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2511: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2486: 2482: 2480: 2472: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2405: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2377: 2371: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2343: 2337: 2336: 2313: 2307: 2306: 2288: 2279: 2270: 2269: 2229: 2223: 2222: 2192: 2183: 2177: 2171: 2170: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2117: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2087: 2081: 2075: 2069: 2063: 2057: 2051: 2045: 2039: 2033: 2027: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2002:. Archived from 1991: 1985: 1984: 1966: 1953: 1952: 1934: 1928: 1927: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1866: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1852:. Archived from 1837: 1831: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1817:. Archived from 1815:Albertros Trends 1806: 1800: 1799: 1781:Chinese clothing 1775: 1769: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1755:. Archived from 1742: 1733: 1732: 1713: 1707: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1680: 1669: 1668: 1648: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1619: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1593: 1584: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1572:Real Ithmid Kohl 1564: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1538: 1532: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1451: 1445: 1444: 1426: 1417: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1398: 1392: 1391: 1379: 1373: 1372: 1346: 1340: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1312: 1306: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1287: 1281: 1280: 1234: 1228: 1227: 1209: 1200: 1199: 1177: 1168: 1167: 1137: 1131: 1130: 1108: 1102: 1101: 1093: 1087: 1086: 1072: 1050:Symbolic culture 881:Second World War 787:cosmetic surgery 759:Eugène Schueller 422:, and sticks of 286:Decorative henna 6216: 6215: 6211: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6206: 6205: 6181: 6180: 6179: 6174: 6156: 6140: 6131:Joule–von Mayer 6114: 6090:Electrophoresis 6059: 6043: 6008: 5994:Chinese alchemy 5987:Ancient history 5978: 5947: 5916: 5896: 5842: 5832: 5802: 5789: 5656: 5642:Stone box grave 5612:Megalithic tomb 5517:Cotswold-Severn 5469: 5374:Guardian stones 5302:Prehistoric art 5296: 5139: 5114: 5103:Timber trackway 5008: 4972: 4968:Wattle and daub 4821: 4800:Standing stones 4774: 4753: 4568: 4395: 4372: 4297: 4214: 4124:Food processing 4119: 4068:New World crops 4040: 4027: 3970: 3965: 3935: 3930: 3895: 3836:Tarte Cosmetics 3716:Nature Republic 3611:Kylie Cosmetics 3596:Kao Corporation 3384: 3373: 3322: 3318:Sunless tanning 3308:Plastic surgery 3281: 3245: 3135: 3084: 3048: 3044:Venetian ceruse 3009:Moist towelette 2937: 2932: 2890: 2881: 2879: 2866: 2853: 2850: 2840: 2827: 2821: 2808: 2791: 2788: 2783: 2782: 2772: 2770: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2739: 2737: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2711: 2709: 2700: 2699: 2695: 2685: 2683: 2682:. 2 August 2022 2674: 2673: 2669: 2656: 2655: 2651: 2641: 2639: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2592: 2590: 2577: 2576: 2572: 2564: 2560: 2554:Angeloglou 1970 2552: 2548: 2542:Angeloglou 1970 2540: 2533: 2523: 2521: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2502:Angeloglou 1970 2500: 2496: 2483: 2473: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2420:Angeloglou 1970 2418: 2414: 2408:Angeloglou 1970 2406: 2402: 2392: 2390: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2364: 2362: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2330: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2286: 2281: 2280: 2273: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2198:Social Research 2194: 2193: 2186: 2178: 2174: 2161: 2160: 2156: 2148: 2144: 2136: 2132: 2126:Angeloglou 1970 2124: 2120: 2114:Angeloglou 1970 2112: 2108: 2100: 2096: 2090:Angeloglou 1970 2088: 2084: 2078:Angeloglou 1970 2076: 2072: 2064: 2060: 2054:Angeloglou 1970 2052: 2048: 2042:Angeloglou 1970 2040: 2036: 2030:Angeloglou 1970 2028: 2019: 2009: 2007: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1981: 1971:Beauty Imagined 1968: 1967: 1956: 1949: 1936: 1935: 1931: 1924: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1899: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1875:Angeloglou 1970 1873: 1869: 1859: 1857: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1824: 1822: 1808: 1807: 1803: 1792: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1762: 1760: 1745:Huo, Jianying. 1744: 1743: 1736: 1715: 1714: 1710: 1700: 1698: 1682: 1681: 1672: 1665: 1650: 1649: 1642: 1632: 1630: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1606: 1604: 1595: 1594: 1587: 1577: 1575: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1551: 1549: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1525: 1523: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1466: 1453: 1452: 1448: 1441: 1428: 1427: 1420: 1410: 1408: 1400: 1399: 1395: 1381: 1380: 1376: 1348: 1347: 1343: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1299: 1297: 1289: 1288: 1284: 1240:Classical World 1236: 1235: 1231: 1224: 1211: 1210: 1203: 1196: 1179: 1178: 1171: 1139: 1138: 1134: 1127: 1110: 1109: 1105: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1074: 1073: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1045:Prehistoric art 1025: 1011:, and the band 1001: 945: 746:Elizabeth Arden 714:First World War 710:George Burchett 673:Sarah Bernhardt 616: 586: 581: 539: 517:Sarah Bernhardt 487:Pliny the Elder 462: 456: 404: 378: 369: 322: 316: 311: 298: 227: 211:Malagasy people 187: 86: 81: 12: 11: 5: 6214: 6212: 6204: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6183: 6182: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6172: 6161: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6154: 6148: 6146: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6126:Element naming 6122: 6120: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6086: 6085: 6077: 6071: 6069: 6065: 6064: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6057: 6051: 6049: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6041: 6036: 6030: 6028: 6021: 6014:Periodic table 6010: 6009: 6007: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5990: 5988: 5984: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5976: 5971: 5969:Nanotechnology 5966: 5961: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5924: 5922: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5914: 5908: 5906: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5894: 5893: 5892: 5885:Thermodynamics 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5861: 5859: 5848: 5844: 5843: 5833: 5831: 5830: 5823: 5816: 5808: 5799: 5798: 5795: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5787: 5786: 5785: 5775: 5770: 5769: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5751:Alligator drum 5743: 5742: 5741: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5699: 5698: 5697: 5687: 5682: 5681: 5680: 5678:lunar calendar 5675: 5664: 5662: 5661:Other cultural 5658: 5657: 5655: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5602: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5581: 5580: 5575: 5565: 5560: 5559: 5558: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5532: 5531: 5521: 5520: 5519: 5509: 5508: 5507: 5497: 5496: 5495: 5490: 5479: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5467: 5465:Venus figurine 5462: 5461: 5460: 5455: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5396:Megalithic art 5393: 5392: 5391: 5386: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5365: 5364: 5354: 5349: 5347:Cave paintings 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5323: 5322: 5312: 5306: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5294: 5293: 5292: 5287: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5266: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5230: 5225: 5224: 5223: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5206: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5185: 5184: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5153: 5151: 5149:Material goods 5141: 5140: 5131: 5124: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5079: 5078: 5068: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5051: 5050: 5049: 5039: 5038: 5037: 5027: 5022: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4980: 4978: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4959: 4958: 4948: 4943: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4905: 4904: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4872: 4867: 4865:Cliff dwelling 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4841: 4840: 4829: 4827: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4819: 4818: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4797: 4792: 4786: 4784: 4776: 4775: 4770: 4763: 4762: 4759: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4751: 4750: 4749: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4723: 4722: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4661: 4660: 4650: 4649: 4648: 4643: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4617: 4616: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4595: 4594: 4584: 4578: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4510: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4473: 4472: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4450:Fire hardening 4447: 4442: 4440:Clovis culture 4437: 4432: 4431: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4409: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4393: 4392: 4391: 4380: 4378: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4370: 4365: 4363:Manis Mastodon 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4319: 4318: 4307: 4305: 4299: 4298: 4296: 4295: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4263: 4258: 4257: 4256: 4246: 4245: 4244: 4242:throwing stick 4234: 4228: 4222: 4216: 4215: 4213: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4181: 4180: 4175: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4149: 4148: 4138: 4133: 4127: 4125: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4071: 4070: 4065: 4054: 4052: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4019: 4018: 4008: 4007: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3966: 3964: 3963: 3956: 3949: 3941: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3904: 3901: 3900: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3786:Richard Hudnut 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3711:Natural Wonder 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3646:Love Cosmetics 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3389: 3386: 3385: 3382: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3371: 3369:Male cosmetics 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3323: 3321: 3320: 3315: 3313:Skin whitening 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3289: 3287: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3243: 3242: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3154: 3149: 3143: 3141: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3096:Blepharoplasty 3092: 3090: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3056: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2945: 2943: 2939: 2938: 2933: 2931: 2930: 2923: 2916: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2888: 2864: 2849: 2848:External links 2846: 2845: 2844: 2838: 2825: 2819: 2806: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2747: 2719: 2706:Vogue Business 2693: 2667: 2649: 2638:on 13 May 2009 2617: 2600: 2570: 2558: 2556:, p. 137. 2546: 2544:, p. 135. 2531: 2506: 2504:, p. 138. 2494: 2459: 2440:(1): 127–149. 2424: 2422:, p. 131. 2412: 2410:, p. 127. 2400: 2389:. 29 June 1970 2372: 2338: 2328: 2308: 2271: 2224: 2184: 2182:, p. 207. 2172: 2154: 2142: 2130: 2128:, p. 125. 2118: 2116:, p. 119. 2106: 2094: 2092:, p. 117. 2082: 2080:, p. 116. 2070: 2058: 2056:, p. 115. 2046: 2044:, p. 114. 2034: 2032:, p. 113. 2017: 2006:on 4 June 2016 1986: 1979: 1954: 1947: 1929: 1922: 1904: 1897: 1879: 1867: 1832: 1801: 1790: 1770: 1734: 1708: 1697:on 25 May 2012 1670: 1663: 1640: 1614: 1585: 1559: 1533: 1508: 1489:(4): 375–386. 1471: 1464: 1446: 1439: 1418: 1393: 1374: 1341: 1327: 1307: 1282: 1247:(3): 291–310. 1229: 1222: 1201: 1194: 1169: 1150:(3): 392–411. 1132: 1125: 1103: 1088: 1066: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1000: 999:Men and makeup 997: 980: 979: 975: 972: 944: 941: 828:skin bleaching 821:chemical peels 677:Russian Ballet 615: 612: 585: 582: 580: 577: 538: 535: 523:using makeup. 521:Lillie Langtry 513:Queen Victoria 503:on the topic. 468:1889 painting 455: 452: 400:Main article: 377: 374: 368: 365: 359:(618–907) and 318:Main article: 315: 312: 310: 307: 297: 294: 226: 223: 215:Arab merchants 201:began wearing 186: 183: 85: 82: 80: 77: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6213: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6171: 6163: 6162: 6159: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6143: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6123: 6121: 6117: 6111: 6110:Haber process 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6084: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6066: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6046: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5950: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5919: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5899: 5891: 5888: 5887: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5865:Atomic theory 5863: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5852: 5849: 5845: 5840: 5836: 5829: 5824: 5822: 5817: 5815: 5810: 5809: 5806: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5747: 5744: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5700: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5663: 5659: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5637:Simple dolmen 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5622:Passage grave 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5597: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5570: 5569: 5568:Gallery grave 5566: 5564: 5561: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5525: 5522: 5518: 5515: 5514: 5513: 5510: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5501: 5498: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5485: 5484: 5483:Burial mounds 5481: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5472: 5466: 5463: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5443:Statue menhir 5441: 5439: 5436: 5432: 5431:Stone carving 5429: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5381: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5363: 5360: 5359: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5321: 5318: 5317: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5282: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5270:Sewing needle 5268: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5214: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5201: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5129: 5125: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5098:Timber circle 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5060: 5057: 5056: 5055: 5052: 5048: 5047:Tor enclosure 5045: 5044: 5043: 5040: 5036: 5035:fulacht fiadh 5033: 5032: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5011: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4981: 4979: 4975: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4834: 4831: 4830: 4828: 4824: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4768: 4764: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4659: 4656: 4655: 4654: 4651: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4611: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4571: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4471: 4468: 4467: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4415: 4414: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4402: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4385: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4375: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4317: 4314: 4313: 4312: 4309: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4300: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4271:spear-thrower 4269: 4268: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4250: 4249:Bow and arrow 4247: 4243: 4240: 4239: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4217: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4170: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4158:Grinding slab 4156: 4154: 4151: 4147: 4144: 4143: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4090:Domestication 4088: 4086: 4085:Digging stick 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4063:Founder crops 4061: 4060: 4059: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4034: 4030: 4024: 4021: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4012: 4009: 4005: 4004:New Stone Age 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3977: 3976: 3973: 3969: 3962: 3957: 3955: 3950: 3948: 3943: 3942: 3939: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3906: 3905: 3902: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3846:The Face Shop 3844: 3842: 3841:The Body Shop 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3816:Sinful Colors 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3741:NYX Cosmetics 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3656:MAC Cosmetics 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3387: 3380: 3376: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3159: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 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