History of higher education in the United States

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maintain traditions, especially against the forceful reputation of the German research universities that were starting to attract young American postgraduate scholars. Most critics viewed it as a reactionary move, although Pak Depicted in terms of attracting students from the growing number of private academies that continued to stress the classic languages. The reformers failed, and the classical languages continued as the centerpiece of the rigid traditional curriculum until after the Civil War. For example, at East Alabama Male College, a small Methodist school was founded in 1856 with a curriculum centered on Latin, Greek, and moral science; it resembled most other antebellum Southern colleges. It closed during the Civil War and reopened as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama, becoming the state's land-grant institution. While retaining some of the antebellum classical curriculum to accommodate the returning faculty, it added new courses in agricultural and industrial arts, as well as applied sciences. It became Alabama Polytechnic Institute in 1899, and is now known as

790:(1965) explained how higher education was revolutionized after 1865 by the creation of the modern university. Stressing Johns Hopkins, Cornell, Clark, Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Michigan, Chicago, Stanford and Berkeley, Veysey showed how the newly created and newly reformed schools were influenced by German approaches that taught new findings based on experimental and empirical research techniques. The new model rejected the British model that reiterated over and over the Latin and Greek classics. The new university introduced new teaching methods such as lectures and seminars. It made graduate school training, culminating in the PhD, the mark of the true scholar. The doctoral dissertation required students to create new knowledge, preferably through experimental methods or research in original sources. The new land grant state universities generally followed the new model and deemphasized classical Latin and Greek while adding science, technology, industrial engineering and agricultural science. 1405: 799: 1440:

federal government. Independence was high, but funding was low. This began to change when private foundations began regularly supporting research in science and history; large corporations sometimes supported engineering programs. The postdoctoral fellowship was established by the Rockefeller Foundation in 1919. Meanwhile, the leading universities, in cooperation with the academic scholars of the time, set up a network of scholarly journals. "Publish or perish" became the formula for faculty advancement in the research universities. After World War II, state universities across the country expanded greatly in undergraduate enrollment, and eagerly added research programs leading to master's or doctorate degrees. Their graduate faculties had to have a suitable record of publication and research grants. Late in the 20th century, "publish or perish" became increasingly important in colleges and smaller universities, not just large research universities.

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giving from alumni and philanthropy fell from $ 870,000 in 1932 to a low of $ 331,000 in 1935. The university responded with two salary cuts of 10 percent each for all employees. It imposed a hiring freeze, a building freeze, and slashed appropriations for maintenance, books, and research. From a balanced budget in 1930–31, the university had deficits in the range of $ 100,000 for the next four years, which was made up by using the endowment. Enrollments fell in most schools, with law and music hardest hit. However, the movement toward state certification of school teachers enabled Northwestern to open up a new graduate program in education, bringing in a new clientele. At this financial low point, in June 1933, President

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was practically no endowment, and tuition was already very low. The medical school was nearly closed in 1938 – it survived when the legislature allowed it to borrow more money. In 1939. The main campus in Boulder came within a few days of having to close. The bright spot came in the building projects. The PWA spent nearly $ 1 million on 15 new buildings on the Boulder campus and the medical school campus in Denver. That included a fieldhouse, a natural history museum, new wings for the college of arts and sciences, a faculty club, a small library and a new hospital. The RFC loaned $ 550,000 in 1933 to build women's dormitories, with the loans repaid through room and board charges.

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proportion of students who fail to graduate, or who do graduate and fail to get appropriate jobs; many default on repayment of their federal loans as a result. There has been additional concern over for-profit colleges as they fundamentally changed the view of colleges as a public good. As of 2016, some for profit colleges have been sanctioned by federal agencies for preying on vulnerable populations who accrue massive student loan debt in the course of earning a degree that has less value than those obtained from public or private institutions of higher learning. Federal and state officials started cracking down on for-profit universities, and some have gone out of business.

693:, enhance the status of learning, and keep up with European standards of scholarship. George Washington as president was the most prominent advocate along with Benjamin Rush, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Charles Pinckney, James Wilson, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Joel Barlow, and James Monroe. Strong opposition came from the economy- and provincial-minded men who distrusted imposed uniformity in ideas. Anti-intellectualism, states-rights-ism, and indifference defeated the dream. However repeated efforts produced some smaller-scale operations: Columbian College in 1919 (now 1087: 1559:

them to have enough funds for life outside of school. It opened up higher education to ambitious young men who would otherwise have been forced to immediately enter the job market. When comparing college attendance rates between veterans and non-veterans during this period, veterans were around 10% more likely to go to college than non-veterans. Most campuses became overwhelmingly male thanks to the GI Bill, since few women were veterans. However, by 2000, women had reached parity in numbers and began passing men in rates of college and graduate school attendance.

903:, saw women as morally superior to men. Indeed, many alumnae, inspired by this sense of superiority and their personal duty to fulfill God's mission engaged in missionary work. Historians have typically presented coeducation at Oberlin as an enlightened societal development presaging the future evolution of the ideal of equality for women in higher education. Intensely anti-slavery, Oberlin was also the only college to admit black students in the 1830s. By the 1880s, however, with the fading of evangelical idealism, the school began segregating its black students. 1224:

were to build character and meet a part of their expenses by performing agricultural labor. By 1875, the compulsory labor requirement was dropped, but male students were to have an hour per day of military training in order to meet the requirements of the Morrill Land Grant College Act. In the early years the agricultural curriculum was not well developed, and politicians in Harrisburg often considered it a costly and useless experiment. The college was a center of middle-class values that served to help young people on their journey to white-collar occupations.

1149: 718:, founded in Lexington, Kentucky in 1780. In addition to its undergraduate program, it boasted law and medical programs. It attracted politically ambitious young men from across the Southwest including 50 who became United States senators, 101 congressmen, 36 governors and 34 ambassadors, as well as Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederacy. Many of the colleges started at this time were funded by churches and denominations, instructing pastors and teachers. It wasn't until the 852: 734:

rewarded. The college president typically enforced strict discipline, and the upperclassman enjoyed hazing the freshman. Many students were younger than 17, and most of the colleges concurrently operated a preparatory school. There were no organized sports or Greek-letter fraternities, but literary societies were active. Tuition was very low and scholarships were few. Many of the students were sons of clergymen; most planned professional careers as ministers, lawyers or teachers.

472: 1039:– was founded on September 19, 1865, as the first HBCU in the Southern United States. Atlanta University was the first graduate institution to award degrees to African Americans in the nation and the first to award bachelor's degrees to African Americans in the South; Clark College (1869) was the nation's first four-year liberal arts college to serve African-American students. The two consolidated in 1988 to form Clark Atlanta University. 552: 541: 1520:(WPA) built one of finest facilities in the country. He added matching funds from the state legislature, and opened a full-scale fund-raising campaign among alumni and the business community. In 1942, Wells reported that "The past five years have been the greatest single period of expansion in the physical plant of the university in its entire history. In this period 15 new buildings have been constructed. 1602: 1258:

campuses with 40,000 more students, as well as a network of regional campuses around the state. In turn the regional campuses broke away and became separate universities. To handle the growth of K–12 education, every state set up a network of teachers' colleges, beginning with Massachusetts in 1830s. After 1950, they became state colleges and then state universities with a broad curriculum.

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albeit not as fast; however many of them were located in rural or small-town areas away from the fast-growing metropolis. Community colleges continue as open enrollment, low-cost institutions with a strong component of vocational education, as well as a lower-cost preparation for transfer students into four-year schools. They appeal to a poorer, older, less prepared element.

461: 1436:, which began focusing more seriously on its PhD program. By the 1890s, Harvard, Columbia, Michigan and Wisconsin were building major graduate programs; their alumni were in strong demand at aspiring universities. By 1900, there were 6,000 enrolled graduate students. The six main universities awarded about 300 PhD's annually. 1633:

The Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities was founded in 1899 and continues to facilitate the exchange of information and methods. Vigorous debate in recent decades has focused on how to balance Catholic and academic roles, with conservatives arguing that bishops should exert more control

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In Germany, the national government funded the universities and the research programs of the leading professors. It was impossible for professors who were not approved by Berlin to train graduate students. In the United States, private universities and state universities alike were independent of the

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At the beginning of the 20th century, fewer than 1,000 colleges, with 160,000 students, existed in the United States. Explosive growth in the number of colleges occurred in bursts, especially in 1900–1930 and in 1950–1970. State universities grew from small institutions of fewer than 1000 students to

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The engineering graduates played a major role in rapid technological development. Indeed, the land-grant college system produced the agricultural scientists and industrial engineers who constituted the critical human resources of the managerial revolution in government and business (1862–1917) laying

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Many factors contributed to rapid growth of community colleges. Students, parents and businessmen wanted nearby, low-cost schools to provide training for the growing white-collar labor force, as well as for more advanced technical jobs in the blue collar sphere. Four-year colleges were also growing,

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opened in 1833 as Oberlin Collegiate Institute, in a heavily Yankee section of northern Ohio. In 1837, it became the first coeducational college by admitting four women. Soon women were fully integrated into the college, and comprised from a third to half of the student body. Some of Oberlin's early

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By the 1820s there was a growing demand to replace Greek and Latin with modern languages, as had been proposed by Jeffersonians at the University of Virginia and the newly opened University of the City of New York. The Yale Report of 1828 was a defense of the Latin and Greek curriculum. It called to

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made college education possible for millions by paying tuition and living expenses. The government provided between $ 800 and $ 1,400 each year to these veterans as a subsidy to attend college, which covered 50–80% of total costs. This included forgone earnings in addition to tuition, which allowed

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State colleges and universities had depended largely on grants from the legislature, ignoring fund-raising, philanthropy. They kept tuition close to zero. Many were very hard-pressed by the Great Depression—it almost shut down the University of Colorado, as the legislature slashed its budget, there

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is a good example of this. The Farmers' High School of Pennsylvania (later the Agricultural College of Pennsylvania and then Pennsylvania State University), chartered in 1855, was intended to uphold declining agrarian values and show farmers ways to prosper through more productive farming. Students

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All the schools were small, with a limited undergraduate curriculum based on the liberal arts. Students were drilled in Greek, Latin, geometry, ancient history, logic, ethics and rhetoric, with few discussions and no lab sessions. Originality and creativity were not prized, but exact repetition was

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of the University of Chicago proposed to merge the two universities, estimating annual savings of $ 1.7 million. The two presidents were enthusiastic, and the faculty were supportive. However, the Northwestern alumni were vehemently opposed, fearing the loss of their traditions. The medical school

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Many American scholars and scientists studied at German universities before 1914. They returned with PhDs and built research-oriented universities based on the German model, such as Cornell, Johns Hopkins, Chicago and Stanford, and upgraded established schools like Harvard, Columbia and Wisconsin.

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institutions. They have traditionally appealed to low-income students, who could borrow money from the federal government to pay the tuition, and to veterans who received tuition money as part of their enlistment bonus. They have become very controversial in the 21st century, because of the high

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After the golden years of the 1920s, the downturn hit hard at Northwestern University, a private school in Illinois. Its annual income dropped 25 percent from $ 4.8 million in 1930–31 to $ 3.6 million in 1933–34. The endowment investments shrank, fewer parents could pay full tuition, and annual

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and cut his budget. Pleas for emergency assistance for higher education, or for research projects, were rejected. However, relief agencies such as WPA and PWA were in the construction business, and work closely with local and state government which sometimes included new buildings and athletic

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set up federal scholarships and low-interest loans for college students, and subsidized better academic libraries, ten to twenty new graduate centers, several new technical institutes, classrooms for several hundred thousand students, and twenty-five to thirty new community colleges a year. A

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in London, while the majority served apprenticeships with established American lawyers. Law was very well established in the colonies, compared to medicine, which was in a more rudimentary condition. In the 18th century, 117 Americans had graduated in medicine in Edinburgh, Scotland, but most

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Junior colleges grew from just 20 in 1909 to 170 in 1919. By 1922, 37 states had set up 70 junior colleges, enrolling about 150 students each. Meanwhile, another 137 were privately operated, with about 60 students each. Rapid expansion continued in the 1920s, with 440 junior colleges in 1930

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The more elite colleges became increasingly exclusive and contributed relatively little to upward social mobility. By concentrating on the offspring of wealthy families, ministers and a few others, the elite Eastern colleges, especially Harvard, played an important role in the formation of a

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is known throughout the world for its dramatic expansion. It was also heavily influenced by British models in the colonial era, and German models in the 19th century. The American model includes private schools, mostly founded by religious denominations, as well as universities run by state

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African American studies bloomed in colleges during the black power protests and changing cultural views which created a different campus experience. These changes occurred during the civil rights movement and the Vietnam protests. During this time colleges started to change over to be

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The history of US higher education cannot be complete without understanding that it was constructed under the assumptions of white supremacy, patriarchy, and classism, aspects which continue into the 21st century. A number of strategies were used including land theft and forced labor.

1516:, the president of IU's cross state rival, Purdue; together they approached the Indiana delegation to Congress, indicating their highest priorities. For Wells, it was to build a world-class music school, replacing dilapidated facilities. As a result of these efforts, the 1078:

co-educational. More women were then allowed to attend schools that previously only accepted male students. The baby-boomers who were attending college at this time changed many aspects of college life, which included a more inclusive structure for women and minorities.

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Bay colonial legislature in 1636, and was named after an early benefactor. Most of the funding came from the colony, but the colleges began to collect endowments early on. Harvard first focused on training young men for the ministry, and won general support from the

1657:, including the continued evolution of online learning. By 2010, student enrollment had peaked, and enrollment at community colleges, for-profit colleges, regional institutions, and smaller colleges and universities began to drop. But online education, boosted by 1249:. It was delayed by World War I and opened in 1928, 13 years after Washington's death. Since the 1960s, the 19th century schools had helped train many students from less-developed countries who returned home with the ability to improve agricultural production. 1532:

facilities for public universities. While the New Deal would not give money to colleges or school districts, it did give work-study money to needy students, from high school through graduate school. The average pay scale was $ 15 a month for part-time work.

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that began in 1929 was a major blow to higher education. Only the richest schools like Harvard had endowments big enough to absorb the losses. Smaller prestigious schools, such as MIT and Northwestern, had to cope with serious cutbacks. Despite appeals from

1241:, was the most influential black spokesman of the 1895–1915 era, and he obtained many academic grants from northern philanthropists and foundations. Starting in 1900, he worked to open connections with educators in Africa; for example he worked with the 611:

was founded in 1701, and in 1716 was relocated to New Haven, Connecticut. The conservative Puritan ministers of Connecticut had grown dissatisfied with the more liberal theology of Harvard and wanted their own school to train orthodox ministers.

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enrolling about 70,000 students. The peak year for private institutions came in 1949, when there were 322 junior colleges in all; 180 were affiliated with churches, 108 were independent non-profit, and 34 were private Schools run for-profit.

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In 1890, Congress funded all-black land grant colleges, which were dedicated primarily to teacher training. These colleges made important contributions to rural development, including the establishment of a traveling school program by the

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emphasized the creation of schools for the African American population in the South that was largely prevented from formal education. Some of these universities eventually became public universities with assistance from the government.

661:. In 1755, it received its charter, was renamed College of Philadelphia and was converted into an institution of higher education. Unlike the other universities, it was not oriented towards the training of ministers. It was renamed the 2196:

Hoagland adds that this innovation as also advantageous for men because it would uplift them spiritually. Ronald W. Hogeland, "Coeducation of the Sexes at Oberlin College: A Study of Social Ideas in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America,"

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Advanced degrees were not a criterion for professorships at most colleges. This began to change in the mid-19th century, as thousands of the more ambitious scholars at major schools went to Germany for one to three years to obtain a

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Most Protestant, as well as Catholic, denominations opened small colleges in the nineteenth century, mostly after 1850. Nearly all taught in the English language, although there were a few German language seminaries and colleges.

1213:. Few alumni became farmers, but they did play an increasingly important role in the larger food industry, especially after the Extension system was set up in 1916 that put trained agronomists in every agricultural county. 1674:

In 2024, students at more than 20 colleges staged protests about the genocide in Palestine, in some cases demanding that their schools divest in Israeli companies. At least 1000 students and faculty members were arrested.

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was also established prior to the American Civil War. The university was founded in 1856 via a collaboration between the African Methodist Episcopal Church of Ohio and the predominantly white Methodist Episcopal Church.

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family gave an unrestricted gift of $ 6 million in 1935 that rescued the budget, bringing it up to $ 5.4 million in 1938–39. That allowed many of the spending cuts to be restored, including half the salary reductions.

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Burke, Colin Bradley. "The quiet influence: the American colleges and their students, 1800-1860" (PhD dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1973. 7413766). dissertation

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was founded in 1765, and became affiliated with the university in 1791. In New York, the medical department of King's College was established in 1767, and in 1770 awarded the first American M.D. degree. It is now

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was oriented toward training practitioners, and felt it would lose its mission if it was merged into the larger, research oriented University of Chicago medical school. The merger plan was thus dropped. The

1721: 1428:(PhD) in the sciences or the humanities. Graduate schools slowly emerged in the United States. In the 1860s and 1870s, Yale and Harvard awarded a few PhD's. The major breakthrough came with the opening of 827: 822: 802: 449: 53: 358: 798: 3759:

Perez, Mario Rios, and Sharon S. Lee. "Balancing Two Worlds: Asian American College Students Tell Their Life Stories /Mi Voz, Mi Vida: Latino College Students Tell Their Life Stories,"

57: 1910: 4241: 1630:, founded in Georgetown (now Washington, D.C.). Some of the small colleges of the 19th century have become major universities and integrated into the mainstream academic community. 2944: 1637:

The orders of nuns, and some dioceses, founded numerous colleges for women. The first was the College of Notre Dame of Maryland, which opened elementary and secondary schools in

1554:, and represented a conservative program of financial aid not to poor people, but one limited to veterans who had served in wartime, regardless of their financial situation. The 331: 129: 906:

The enrollment of women grew steadily after the Civil War. In 1870, 9,100 women comprised 21% of all college students. In 1930, 481,000 women comprised 44% of the student body.

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in honor of a benefactor. Brown was especially liberal in welcoming young men from other denominations. The Academy of Pennsylvania, a secondary school, was founded in 1749 by

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A number of faculty and student worker strikes occurred in the 2020s, including Columbia University in 2021, the University of California System in 2022 and Rutgers in 2023.

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There were no schools of law in the early British colonies. Thus no schools of law were in America during the colonial times. A few lawyers studied at the highly prestigious

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The transformation of higher learning 1860-1930 : expansion, diversification, social opening and professionalization in England, Germany, Russia and the United States

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Roger L. Geiger, "Research, graduate education, and the ecology of American universities: An interpretive history." in Lester F. Goodchild and Harold S. Weschler, eds.,

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The Transformation of Higher Learning 1860-1930: Expansion, Diversification, Social Opening, and Professionalization in England, Germany, Russia, and the United States

1654: 1589: 385: 1645:. Another 42 women's colleges opened by 1925. By 1955, there were 116 Catholic colleges for women. Most—but not all of them—went co-ed, merged, or closed after 1970. 1105:

Local wealthy families supported local schools, especially of their religious denomination, often by donating land. Wealthy philanthropists for example, established

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Although European nations did not have a national university, many political and intellectual leaders called for one to unify the new nation intellectually, promote

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Eager to avoid a repeat of the highly controversial debates over a postwar years and then the bonus to veterans of the first World War, Congress in 1944 passed the

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Andrea L. Turpin, "The Ideological Origins of the Women's College: Religion, Class, and Curriculum in the Educational Visions of Catharine Beecher and Mary Lyon,"

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The liberal arts colleges flourished and only a few added graduate programs. Summarizing the research of Burke and Hall, Katz concludes that in the 19th century:

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government in 1693, with 20,000 acres (81 km) of land for an endowment, and a penny tax on every pound of tobacco, together with an annual appropriation.

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The Duty and Right of the Diocesan Bishop to Watch Over the Preservation and Strengthening of the Catholic Character of Catholic Universities in His Diocese

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These colleges especially promoted upward mobility by preparing ministers, and thereby provided towns across the country with a core of community leaders.

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with the assistance of religious missionary organizations based in the northern United States. HBCUs established prior to the American Civil War include

264: 173: 881:. Lyon was a deeply religious Congregationalist who, although not a minister, preached revivals at her school. She greatly admired colonial theologian 697:) as well as national scientific centers including a National Observatory, the Smithsonian Institution, and in 1863, the National Academy of Sciences. 1689: 343: 321: 183: 67: 3968: 3489: 2513: 846: 786: 439: 390: 380: 326: 168: 24: 2793:, "Howard University and The Federal Government During The Presidential Administrations of Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1928-1945." 2564:

Louis Ferleger and William Lazonick, "Higher Education for an Innovative Economy: Land-grant Colleges and the Managerial Revolution in America,"

4153: 3323: 1052: 1020: 607:, and the college won the broad support of the Virginia gentry. It trained many of the lawyers, politicians, and leading planters at the time. 435: 363: 146: 3909: 3235: 2322: 1907: 1475: 771: 518: 443: 291: 193: 92: 82: 4184: 348: 281: 210: 156: 134: 124: 4220: 3626: 2335: 2259:

Initially chartered as the Ashmun Institute, it changed its name in 1866. It was the first degree-granting HBCU. See Lincoln University,

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in 1906. Rural conferences sponsored by Tuskegee focused on improving the efficiency and living standards of black farmers. Its founder,

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the only teacher. Following the American Revolutionary War, the Tory administration of the college was overthrown and it was renamed

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Naylor, Natalie A. "The ante-bellum college movement: A reappraisal of Tewksbury's founding of American colleges and universities."

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Jim Weeks, "A New Race of Farmers: the Labor Rule, the Farmers' High School, and the Origins of the Pennsylvania State University,"

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the foundation of the world's preeminent educational infrastructure that supported the world's foremost technology-based economy.

4192: 4108: 1048: 402: 87: 77: 3874:"Higher Education in the United States: Historical Development, System" by John R. Thelin, Jason R. Edwards and Eric Moyen, 2023 4215: 3953: 2134:

L. G. Zerfas, "Medical Education in Indiana As Influenced by Early Indiana Graduates in Medicine from Transylvania University"

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Protestant denominations set up funds that by 1830 subsidized about a fourth of the prospective ministers then in college. The

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Natalie A. Naylor, "'Holding High the Standard': The Influence of the American Education Society in Ante-Bellum Education,"

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agenda. The educational establishment was ignored. President Franklin Roosevelt even ignored his Commissioner of education

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On the frontier after 1799, medical professionalism and medical education was heavily influenced by the medical program at

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Universities and the Capitalist State: Corporate Liberalism and the Reconstruction of American Higher Education, 1894–1928

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Adams-Johnson, Susan, et al. "Higher education recruitment in the United States: A chronology of significant literature."

1517: 1220: 1202: 882: 109: 1043:, founded December 1, 1865, was the second HBCU to be established in the South. The year 1865 also saw the foundation of 4200: 4148: 4118: 4083: 3958: 3948: 3938: 3886: 1731: 1576: 694: 588: 559: 4063: 4023: 3055:

S. J. Currie, and L. Charles. "Pursuing Jesuit, Catholic identity and mission at US Jesuit colleges and universities."

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For detail of the university's early history from its origins as the Institute for Colored Youth, see Milton M. James,

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of 1862 and 1890 that public colleges and universities were started in the Midwest, including many of the first public

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Alma mater : design and experience in the women's colleges from their nineteenth-century beginnings to the 1930s

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The nation's many small colleges helped young men make the transition from rural farms to complex urban occupations.

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Indiana University fared much better than most state schools thanks to the entrepreneurship of its young president

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Nodine, Thad R. "How did we get here? A brief history of competency‐based higher education in the United States."

3532:(1982) detailed statistical analysis of college enrollments, and costs to students; includes schools that closed. 1664:

In 2020 and 2021, the federal government provided billions of dollars in relief to schools that suffered from the

4143: 4048: 3988: 3286: 1186: 634: 373: 205: 4103: 4058: 3998: 3060: 873:(1797–1849) founded Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in 1837; it was the first college opened for women and is now 714:

While colleges were springing up across the Northeast, there was little competition on the western frontier for

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in 1873 and a four-year college in 1895. It added graduate programs in the 1980s that accepted men and is now

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Religious denominations established most early colleges in order to train ministers. They were modeled after

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The Organization of American Culture: Private Institutions, Elites, and the Origins of American Nationality

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Thelin, J. R. (2014). Essential documents in the history of American higher education. JHU Press. p. 76, 93

3402: 2424:"Training the Hands, Head, and Heart: Student Protest and Acitivism at Hampton Institute During the 1920s" 1658: 1580:

separate education bill enacted that same year provided similar assistance to dental and medical schools.

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The Diverted Dream: Community colleges and the promise of educational opportunity in America, 1900–1985.

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The education of the southern belle: Higher education and student socialization in the antebellum south

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The Making of the Modern University: Intellectual Transformation and the Marginalization of Morality

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Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz. "In the Wake of Laurence Veysey: Re-Examining the Liberal Arts College,"

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universities in the United States that are routinely ranked among the best universities in the world

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Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, "In the Wake of Laurence Veysey: Re-Examining the Liberal Arts College,"

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David B. Potts, "American colleges in the nineteenth century: From localism to denominationalism."

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John Rodden, "Less 'Catholic,' More 'catholic'? American Catholic Universities Since Vatican II."

2478: 2010: 1513: 1487:–the federally operated school for blacks—saw its budget cut below Hoover administration levels. 1242: 1234: 1194: 1004: 670: 615: 575: 544: 3564:

Higher Education For All: Racial Inequality, Cold War Liberalism, and the California Master Plan

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The History of American Higher Education: Learning and Culture from the Founding to World War II

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The Vision of the Public Junior College, 1900–1940: Professional Goals and Popular Aspirations.

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A Century of Agriculture in the 1890 Land Grant Institutions and Tuskegee University, 1890-1990

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for his theology and his ideals of self-restraint, self-denial, and disinterested benevolence.

3729: 3612: 3105: 3023: 2470: 2341: 2318: 1960: 1665: 1568: 1484: 1480: 1182: 1156: 1071: 1067: 739: 674: 654: 600: 3248:

Chartered Schools: Two Hundred Years of Independent Academies in the United States, 1727-1925

3099: 3017: 2213:

Cally L. Waite, "The Segregation of Black Students at Oberlin College after Reconstruction,"

1588:

A major development of the late twentieth century was the emergence on a very large scale of

4178: 3747: 3410: 3357: 3333: 3255:

Exploring the Heritage of American Higher Education: The Evolution of Philosophy and Policy.

2790: 2462: 2092: 1609: 1429: 1090: 889: 650: 465: 3778:

In the company of educated women : a history of women and higher education in America

3354:

Campus life: Undergraduate cultures from the end of the eighteenth century to the present.

3276:

The Shaping of American Higher Education: Emergence and Growth of the Contemporary System.

2272: 1914: 1763: 1711: 1613: 1551: 1497: 1408: 1122: 1063: 1059: 1040: 895: 781: 608: 3268: 621:

in 1747 set up the College of New Jersey, in the town of Princeton; it was later renamed

3878: 551: 3754:

Adapting to America: Catholics, Jesuits, and Higher Education in the Twentieth Century.

3664: 3578:

Gentlemen and Scholars: College and Community in the "Age of the University," 1865-1917

3482: 3475: 3313: 3303: 3258: 2990: 1814: 1449: 1044: 809:, founded in 1765 as the College of Philadelphia Department of Medicine, was the first 562:, built in 1700, is the oldest academic building in continuous use in the United States 540: 3791: 3768:

Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Their Place in American Higher Education

4235: 3263:

Burke, Colin B. "The expansion of American higher education" in K. H. Jarausch, ed.,

2553:

Engineering in a Land Grant Context: The Past, Present, and Future of an Idea. Marcus

2482: 1572: 1011:

Most "Historically black colleges and universities" (HBCUs) were established in the

817: 678: 630: 626: 618: 579: 555: 547:, founded in 1636, is the oldest institution of higher education in the United States 316: 3470: 3450:

Educating Republicans: The College in the Era of the American Revolution, 1750–1800.

3434: 3250:(Taylor & Francis Group, 2002), they functioned as high schools in most states. 1737: 1622:

History of Catholic education in the United States § Colleges and universities

1509: 806: 658: 522:

governments, and a few military academies that are run by the national government.

3340:

Research and Relevant Knowledge: American Research Universities Since World War II

2969:

Matt Krupnick, "States, federal government cracking down on for-profit colleges,"

2945:"The Government is Sanctioning For-Profit Colleges. What Happens to the Students?" 1861:

The Founders and the Idea of a National University: Constituting the American Mind

3723: 1846:

Albert Castel, . "The Founding Fathers and the Vision of a National University."

1803: 1787: 1771: 3834:

Black Women in Higher Education: An Anthology of Essays, Studies, and Documents.

3422: 3398: 1701: 1601: 3647:

Gateway to Opportunity: A History of the Community College in the United States

2922:"From Public Good to Private Good: How Higher Education Got to a Tipping Point" 1976:

Michael S. Pak, "The Yale Report of 1828: A New Reading and New Implications,"

587:

government, some of whose leaders had attended either Oxford or Cambridge. The

3713:

Contending with Modernity: Catholic Higher Education in the Twentieth Century.

1684: 1098: 3706:

Higher Education for African Americans before the Civil Rights Era, 1900-1964

3330:

To Advance Knowledge: The Growth of American Research Universities, 1900–1940

3004:

Contending with Modernity: Catholic Higher Education in the Twentieth Century

2474: 3609:

Curriculum: History of the American Undergraduate Course of Study Since 1636

2590:

Booker T. Gardner, "The educational contributions of Booker T. Washington".

1638: 1547: 1541: 870: 855: 3392:

The Revolutionary College. American Presbyterian Higher Education 1707-1837

2882: 2879:

Report of the National Youth Administration, June 26, 1935 to June 30, 1938

2450: 427: 3557:

Higher Education in the American West: Regional History and State Contexts

2716:

Christopher Jencks and David Riesman. The academic revolution (1968) ch 1.

2466: 1550:. It was promoted primarily by the veterans organizations, especially the 460: 2263: 2021:

Michael Katz, "The Role of American Colleges in the Nineteenth Century",

1524: 1051:. Storer's former campus and buildings have since been incorporated into 646: 592: 2265: 2172: 1981: 821:

physicians in the colonies learned as apprentices. In Philadelphia, the

2798: 2611: 2595: 2202: 1555: 584: 3349:

45#3 (2005), pp. 420–426 on historiography of the older colleges.

3154:"Cal State Faculty Begin Largest U.S. Strike of University Professors" 2531: 2315:

Envisioning Black Colleges: A History of the United Negro College Fund

2218: 2026: 1877: 3725:

Women's Colleges in the United States: History, Issues and Challenges

3101:

Women's Colleges in the United States: History, Issues and Challenges

3019:

Catholic Colleges in the 21st Century: A Road Map for Campus Ministry

2850:

Indiana University: Midwestern Pioneer volume 3: Years of Fulfillment

1247:

Booker T. Washington Agricultural and Industrial Institute in Liberia

3602:

Democracy's College: The Land Grant Movement in the Formative Stage

3595:

Cradles of Conscience: Ohio's Independent Colleges and Universities

2165:

The 'Pioneer College for Women': Wesleyan Over a Century and a Half

1159:

was founded as one of the first institutions established under the

3633:

Unwelcome Guests: A History of Access to American Higher Education

2637:

Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970

1891:

Baptist colleges in the development of American society, 1812-1861

1600: 1575:

programs that greatly expanded federal support for education. The

1403: 1147: 1085: 850: 797: 550: 539: 3293:

For the Common Good: A New History of Higher Education in America

2337:

African American History Day By Day – A Reference Guide To Events

2005:

Dwayne Cox, "Academic Purpose and Command at Auburn, 1856-1902,"

1722:

History of college campuses and architecture in the United States

1653:

The twenty-first century has been characterized by the growth of

1003:

Along with the destruction of slavery the American Civil War and

669:

in 1766 set up Queen's College in New Jersey, which later became

3812:(5 vol, 1974), 3600 pp of primary sources from origins to 1972; 3208:"Mapping pro-Palestine college campus protests around the world" 3882: 3851:

Essential documents in the history of American higher education

3693:

Historical Dictionary of Women's Education in the United States

3550:

Academia's Golden Age: Universities in Massachusetts, 1945-1970

3530:

American Collegiate Populations: A Test of the Traditional View

2031:

American Collegiate Populations: A Test of the Traditional View

1902:

Louis A. Haselmayer, "German Methodist colleges in the West."

3378:

The American college and the culture of aspiration, 1915–1940.

828:

Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons

3859:

Willis, George, Robert V. Bullough, and John T. Holton, eds.

3623:

The Company He Keeps: A History of White College Fraternities

3501:(ASHE Reader) (3rd ed. 2008) excerpts from scholarly articles 3437:& Sons, Ltd. pp. 1696–1703 – via Google Books. 3181:"Here's Where Protesters on U.S. Campuses Have Been Arrested" 3236:

Higher education in the United States § Further reading

2298:

Wilberforce University: The Reality of Bishop Payne's Dream,

1616:

institution of higher education founded in the United States

1023:(then known as Miner School for Colored Girls) in 1851, and 3841:

A Documentary History of Education in the South Before 1860

2943:

Cellini, Stephanie Riegg; Darolia, Rajeev; Turner, Leslie.

2692:

German influences on education in the United States to 1917

677:, chartered in 1769, moved to its present site in Hanover, 574:

universities in England, as well as Scottish universities.

2451:"The Black Studies Controversy at Reed College, 1968–1970" 1745:, historical coverage of teacher training in major states 3686:

Higher Education for Women in Postwar America, 1945–1965.

2033:(New York University Press, 1982) and Peter Dobkin Hall, 3371:

The Great Transformation in Higher Education, 1960–1980.

892:

opened in 1839 as the first Southern college for women.

3300:

American education, democracy, and the Second World War

3075:(PhD dissertation Catholic University of America, 2012) 2690:

Henry Geitz, Jürgen Heideking, and Jurgen Herbst, eds.

2294:

A History and Interpretation of Wilberforce University

1832:

American Education: The Colonial Experience, 1607–1783

1523:

Higher education was much too elitist to fit into the

3822:(2 vol 1967); especially strong on academic freedom; 3810:

Education In the United States: A Documentary History

3057:

Catholic Education: A Journal of Inquiry and Practice

3409:, vol. 2, New York: Macmillan, pp. 59–62, 1626:

The first Catholic college in the United States was

1470:

Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt § Education

4191: 4177: 3916: 3788:

A History of Women's Education in the United States

2655:"Can Yale Reform Its Humanities Doctoral Programs?" 1695:

History of secondary education in the United States

1174:" that specialized in agriculture and engineering. 837:in Kentucky, which graduated 8000 doctors by 1860. 3497:Wechsler, Harold S. and Lester F. Goodchild, eds. 3312:(Princeton UP 2014), 584pp; encyclopedic in scope 3267:(Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1982) pp. 108–130). 1727:History of Catholic education in the United States 517:begins in 1636 and continues to the present time. 3513:Journal of Educational Administration and History 1448:Major new trends included the development of the 1058:Protests at historically black colleges included 629:, the Church of England set up King's College by 3820:American Higher Education: A Documentary History 3427:"Colleges and Universities of the United States" 2908:Guns or Butter: The Presidency of Lyndon Johnson 2231:A century of higher education for American women 515:history of higher education in the United States 3699:Women and Higher Education in American History. 3271:, national statistics on enrollment, 1800–1928. 2397:"Black Student Activism in the 1920s and 1930s" 2362:The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935 1994:The American College and University: A History 1245:and the Firestone Rubber Company to design the 858:(1797–1849) founded the first woman's college, 4242:Universities and colleges in the United States 3861:The American Curriculum: A Documentary History 3566:(The University of North Carolina Press, 2023) 3467:The American College and University: A History 3320:The American College in the Nineteenth Century 3084:Bridget Marie Engelmeyer, "A Maryland First", 2729:(1970) is the standard history; see pp 121–79. 1965:The American College and University: A History 3894: 3635:(2022); focus on racial and ethnic minorities 2811:Northwestern University: A History, 1850-1975 2025:, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Summer, 1983), pp. 215-223 803:University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine 645:in 1896. Rhode Island College was founded by 532:Slavery at American colleges and universities 494: 8: 3697:Faragher, John Mack and Howe, Florence, ed. 3573:(1969) influential study of changes in 1960s 1432:, which only offered graduate programs, and 999:Historically black colleges and universities 3818:Hofstadter, Richard and Wilson Smith, eds. 3766:Roebuck, Julian B. and Komanduri S. Murty. 3631:Wechsler, Harold S., and Steven J. Diner. 3373:(State U. of New York Press, 1991). 383 pp. 2679:Americans and German scholarship, 1770-1870 2110:Encyclopedia of the North American colonies 2063:45#3 (2005), pp. 420-426. Also see Veysey, 899:leaders, especially evangelical theologian 3901: 3887: 3879: 3403:"American College: Historical Development" 2869:ed. by Sidney M. Milkis (2002). pp 272-96. 2867:The New Deal and the Triumph of Liberalism 501: 487: 18: 4252:History of education in the United States 3659:Cohen, Arthur M. and Florence B. Brawer. 3543:Colleges and universities in World War II 3431:Encyclopaedia and Dictionary of Education 2809:Harold F. Williamson and Payson S. Wild, 1690:History of education in the United States 1166:Each state used federal funding from the 68:History of education in the United States 3569:Jencks, Christopher, and David Riesman. 3490:The Emergence of the American University 2727:The Emergence of the American University 2606:Edward H. Berman, "Tuskegee-In-Africa", 2514:The Emergence of the American University 2296:p. 33 (1941). See also Charles Killian, 2048:The Emergence of the American University 1800:The History of American Higher Education 1784:The History of American Higher Education 1768:The History of American Higher Education 1597:Roman Catholic colleges and universities 1260: 908: 787:The Emergence of the American University 3853:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014) 3688:(Johns Hopkins U. Press, 2006). 304 pp. 3479:A History of American Higher Education. 3322:. Vanderbilt University Press. (2000). 3283:College: What It Was, Is, and Should Be 2317:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007). 2154:, May 2010, Vol. 50 Issue 2, pp 133–158 2099:, Oct 1976, Vol. 11 Issue 3, pp 135-146 2081:Rise of the Legal Profession in America 1755: 418: 192: 100: 45: 32: 3462:. University Of Chicago Press. (1996). 2895:The GI Bill: The New Deal for Veterans 1940:A History of American Higher Education 1819:A History of American Higher Education 1053:Harpers Ferry National Historical Park 1021:University of the District of Columbia 4247:Higher education in the United States 3910:Higher education in the United States 3722:Harwarth, Irene; et al. (1997). 3704:Gasman Marybeth and Roger L. Geiger. 3593:Oliver Jr., John William et al. eds. 3585:Journal of Competency‐Based Education 3385:American higher education: A history. 2824:The University of Colorado: 1876-1976 2768:(American council on education, 1948) 2364:. University of North Carolina Press. 2266:https://www.lincoln.edu/about/history 847:Women's colleges in the United States 772:Humboldtian model of higher education 93:History of education in New York City 83:History of education in Massachusetts 7: 3525:(University of Wisconsin Press 1990) 3098:Irene Harwarth; et al. (1997). 2893:Glenn Altschuler and Stuart Blumin, 1571:, Congress in 1964, passed numerous 761:Northeastern elite with great power. 649:in 1764, and in 1804 it was renamed 3756:(Georgetown U. Press, 1991) 187 pp. 3667:; widely cited comprehensive survey 3555:Goodchild, Lester F., et al., eds. 3366:(U. of Chicago Press, 1983) 375 pp. 3253:Bogue, E. Grady and Aper, Jeffrey. 3127:"Columbia 'Simply Cannot Function'" 2277:The Founding of Lincoln University, 2201:(1972-73) 6#2 pp. 160-176 at p 161 1743:Normal schools in the United States 1262:College degrees awarded, 1870–2009 811:medical school in the United States 633:in 1746, with its president Doctor 16:Aspect of American higher education 3761:Journal of American Ethnic History 3645:Beach, J. M. and W. Norton Grubb. 2986:179 recent articles and editorials 2822:Frederick S. Allen, et al., eds., 1717:List of fields of doctoral studies 1567:Under the leadership of President 1017:Cheyney University of Pennsylvania 766:Emergence of the modern university 657:and other civic-minded leaders in 14: 3715:(Oxford U. Press, 1995). 434 pp. 3663:(1st ed. 1982; new edition 2013) 2863:The New Deal and Higher Education 2653:Cassuto, Leonard (May 14, 2021). 2037:(New York University Press, 1982) 1643:Notre Dame of Maryland University 1133:without imposing his name on it. 3656:Oxford University Press. (1989). 3104:. DIANE Publishing. p. 10. 2430:. University of Cincinnati Press 2428:ucincinnatipress.manifoldapp.org 2334:Carrillo, Karen Juanita (2012). 2244:The Institute for Colored Youth, 1168:Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Acts 470: 459: 88:History of education in Missouri 78:History of education in Kentucky 3499:The History of Higher Education 3246:Beadie, Nancy, and Kim Tolley. 2924:. Chronicle of Higher Education 2705:The History of Higher Education 2639:(1976) series H 752, 757, 761; 2566:Business & Economic History 2374:Roy, Lisa (December 18, 2013). 2281:Journal of Presbyterian History 2123:Transylvania: Tutor to the West 1927:Transylvania: Tutor to the West 823:Medical College of Philadelphia 746:Impact of 19th-century colleges 73:History of education in Chicago 3763:(2008) 27#4 pp 107–113. online 3661:The American Community College 3443:History of Education Quarterly 3347:History of Education Quarterly 2753:The American Community College 2528:History of Education Quarterly 2215:History of Education Quarterly 2152:History of Education Quarterly 2061:History of Education Quarterly 2029:, summarizing Colin B. Burke, 2023:History of Education Quarterly 1978:History of Education Quarterly 1874:History of Education Quarterly 1848:History of Education Quarterly 993:Colleges for African Americans 408:Full-service community schools 1: 3652:Brint, S., & Karabel, J. 3415:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t6251wk11 2292:Frederick Alphonso McGinnis, 2275:. See also Andrew E. Murray, 1518:Works Progress Administration 1464:Great Depression and New Deal 1221:Pennsylvania State University 1203:Pennsylvania State University 1049:Harper's Ferry, West Virginia 685:Seeking a national university 589:College of William & Mary 560:College of William & Mary 3241:Surveys: nationwide coverage 3086:Maryland Historical Magazine 2920:Hebel, Sara (2 March 2014). 2500:U.S. News & World Report 2376:"Storer College (1867–1956)" 2169:Georgia Historical Quarterly 1734:, of higher education in USA 1732:Hispanic-serving institution 1577:Higher Education Act of 1965 1419:in the United States in 1861 1170:of 1862 and 1890 to set up " 1097:is one of eight prestigious 888:Georgia Female College, now 695:George Washington University 641:in 1784, then later renamed 603:minister in the colony, was 3701:( WW Norton, 1988). 220 pp. 3433:. Vol. 4. London: Sir 2740:The Junior College Movement 2455:Oregon Historical Quarterly 2136:Indiana Magazine of History 1655:for-profit higher education 1590:for-profit higher education 864:South Hadley, Massachusetts 386:For-profit higher education 4268: 3559:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2014) 3469:(1962), a standard survey 3429:. In Foster Watson (ed.). 3233: 2641:Statistical Abstract: 2012 2608:Journal of Negro Education 2592:Journal of Negro Education 2199:Journal of Social History, 1619: 1539: 1467: 1290: 1 1138:American Education Society 1115:Carnegie Mellon University 996: 844: 769: 663:University of Pennsylvania 529: 339:School corporal punishment 3776:Solomon, Barbara Miller. 3481:(Johns Hopkins UP, 2004) 3362:Jarausch, Konrad H., ed. 3295:(Cornell UP, 2017) 308 pp 3133:. Inside Higher Education 3016:LaBelle, Jeffrey (2011). 2707:(2nd ed, 1997), pp 273–89 2121:John D. Wright, Jr. ed., 2095:, "A Physician in 1776", 1685:University § History 1228:Black land grant colleges 1207:The Ohio State University 1187:Michigan State University 1035:Atlanta University – now 519:American higher education 374:School-to-work transition 4211:Northern Mariana Islands 3836:(Garland, 1992). 341 pp. 3832:Ihle, Elizabeth L., ed. 3674:Greenwood, 1992. 163 pp. 3006:(Oxford U. Press, 1995.) 2795:Journal of Negro History 2766:American Junior Colleges 2530:(1984) 24#4 pp. 479-497 2108:Jacob Ernest Cooke, ed. 1634:to guarantee orthodoxy. 1434:Johns Hopkins University 1211:University of California 1199:Texas A&M University 1107:Johns Hopkins University 1095:Providence, Rhode Island 1082:Philanthropy and funding 1037:Clark Atlanta University 901:Charles Grandison Finney 477:United States portal 23:This article is part of 3571:The Academic Revolution 3562:Higgins, Andrew Stone. 3407:Cyclopedia of Education 3071:Matthew Thomas Larsen, 2951:. Brookings Institution 2610:(1972) 41#2 pp. 99–112 2360:Anderson, J.D. (1988). 2217:(2001) 41#3 pp 344-64. 2183:Christie Anne Farnham, 1659:online program managers 1584:For-profit universities 1512:. He collaborated with 1493:Robert Maynard Hutchins 1284: 9,400 1191:Kansas State University 1161:Morrill Land-Grant Acts 1153:Kansas State University 1144:Land Grant universities 835:Transylvania University 794:Law and medical schools 720:Morrill Land-Grant Acts 716:Transylvania University 195:Education policy issues 164:Environmental education 3839:Knight, Edgar W., ed. 3515:51.3 (2019): 213–238. 3417:– via HathiTrust 3383:Lucas, Christopher J. 3318:Geiger, Roger L., ed. 3131:www.insidehighered.com 3088:(1993) 78#3 pp 186–204 3046:(2013) 50#1 pp: 21-27. 2949:Brookings Brown Center 2755:(4th ed. 2003) p 13–14 2635:Bureau of the Census, 2551:Alan I. Marcus, ed., 2449:White, Martin (2018). 2302:Negro History Bulletin 2248:Negro History Bulletin 2138:(1934) 30#2 pp 139-48 2009:(2008) 51#2 pp 83-104 1617: 1420: 1413:New Haven, Connecticut 1163: 1102: 1029:Wilberforce University 867: 813: 605:president for 50 years 563: 548: 332:Standards-based reform 307:Gender achievement gap 297:Racial achievement gap 230:Educational attainment 3792:vol 1 to 1860s online 3548:Freeland, Richard M. 3541:Cardozier, Virgus R. 3445:13.3 (1973): 261–274. 3332:. (Oxford UP, 1986). 3234:Further information: 3152:Karlamangla, Soumya. 2984:"For-Profit Schools" 2797:76.1/4 (1991): 1-20. 2779:Academia’s golden age 2777:Richard M. Freeland, 2542:Rudolph, (1962) p 183 2467:10.1353/ohq.2018.0063 2271:May 31, 2019, at the 2077:Anton-Hermann Chroust 1980:(2008) 48#1 pp 30-57 1906:(1964) 2#4 pp 35-43. 1628:Georgetown University 1606:Georgetown University 1604: 1468:Further information: 1407: 1179:Iowa State University 1177:Among the first were 1151: 1131:University of Chicago 1119:Vanderbilt University 1089: 875:Mount Holyoke College 860:Mount Holyoke College 854: 801: 770:Further information: 667:Dutch Reformed Church 554: 543: 398:Research universities 265:Student financial aid 260:Graduate unemployment 235:Post-secondary issues 211:Primary and secondary 174:Mathematics education 3849:Thelin, John R. ed. 3728:. DIANE Publishing. 3679:Women and minorities 3621:Syrett, Nicholas L. 3611:(Jossey Bass, 1977) 3607:Rudolph, Frederick. 3465:Rudolph, Frederick. 2764:Jesse P. Bogue, ed. 2725:Laurence R. Veysey, 2579:Pennsylvania History 2171:(1988) pp: 519-532. 2046:Lawrence R. Veysey, 1850:4.4 (1964): 280-302. 1830:Lawrence A. Cremin, 1707:Doctor of Philosophy 1649:Twenty-first century 1529:John Ward Studebaker 1426:Doctor of Philosophy 1239:Booker T. Washington 623:Princeton University 466:Education portal 302:Desegregation busing 255:Elite overproduction 184:Vocational education 4221:U.S. Virgin Islands 3742:Horowitz, Helen L. 3665:online 2008 edition 3487:Veysey Lawrence R. 3352:Horowitz, Helen L. 3342:. Oxford UP, 2001). 3278:(Jossey-Bass, 1998) 3125:Flaherty, Colleen. 2568:1994 23(1): 116-128 2496:"Ivy League school" 2083:(1965) vol 1 ch 1-2 2050:(1965) pp. 127–133. 1661:continued to grow. 1263: 1172:land grant colleges 1127:John D. Rockefeller 1111:Stanford University 643:Columbia University 591:was founded by the 578:was founded by the 419:Levels of education 391:For-profit colleges 359:Foreign involvement 3752:Leahy, William P. 3691:Eisenmann, Linda. 3684:Eisenmann, Linda. 3640:Community colleges 3587:1.1 (2016): 5–11. 3576:Leslie, W. Bruce. 3452:(Greenwood, 1985) 3281:Delbanco, Andrew. 3059:(2011) 14#3 pp 4+ 2906:Irving Bernstein, 2813:(1976) pp 180-95. 2751:Cohen and Brawer, 2395:Davis, Sarajanee. 2112:(3 vol 1992) 1:214 1913:2014-11-29 at the 1618: 1514:Frederick L. Hovde 1421: 1415:awarded the first 1312: 37,200 1298: 15,500 1261: 1243:Phelps-Stokes Fund 1235:Tuskegee Institute 1195:Cornell University 1164: 1103: 1025:Lincoln University 1005:Reconstruction era 868: 841:Colleges for women 814: 701:Nineteenth century 671:Rutgers University 564: 549: 545:Harvard University 381:Community colleges 327:School segregation 245:Cost and financing 169:Language education 4229: 4228: 3798:scholarly history 3780:(Yale UP, 1985) 3711:Gleason, Philip. 3521:Barrow, Clyde W. 3448:Robson, David W. 3338:Geiger, Roger L. 3328:Geiger, Roger L. 3308:Geiger, Roger L. 3274:Cohen, Arthur M. 3022:. Paulist Press. 2839:(1980), pp 155-69 2826:(1976) pp 108-10. 2738:Leonard V. Koos, 2659:www.chronicle.com 2594:(1975): 502-518. 2581:1995 62(1): 5-30, 2511:Laurence Veysey, 2323:978-0-8018-8604-1 2313:Marybeth Gasman, 1996:(1962) pp 124-135 1961:Frederick Rudolph 1904:Methodist History 1666:COVID-19 pandemic 1569:Lyndon B. Johnson 1485:Howard University 1481:Eleanor Roosevelt 1400:Graduate programs 1397: 1396: 1315: 2,100 1301: 1,000 1253:Twentieth century 1183:Purdue University 1157:Manhattan, Kansas 1072:Hampton Institute 1068:Howard University 990: 989: 740:Auburn University 675:Dartmouth College 655:Benjamin Franklin 601:Church of England 511: 510: 364:Special education 354:Sexual harassment 147:Medical education 101:Curriculum topics 37: 4259: 4185:Washington, D.C. 4179:Federal district 3903: 3896: 3889: 3880: 3808:Cohen, Sol, ed. 3739: 3506:Specialty topics 3438: 3418: 3390:Miller, Howard. 3223: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3095: 3089: 3082: 3076: 3069: 3063: 3053: 3047: 3040: 3034: 3033: 3013: 3007: 3002:Philip Gleason, 3000: 2994: 2982: 2976: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2917: 2911: 2910:(1994) pp 202–22 2904: 2898: 2891: 2885: 2876: 2870: 2859: 2853: 2848:Thomas D Clark, 2846: 2840: 2835:Herman B Wells, 2833: 2827: 2820: 2814: 2807: 2801: 2791:Clifford L. Muse 2788: 2782: 2781:(1992) pp 55-59. 2775: 2769: 2762: 2756: 2749: 2743: 2736: 2730: 2723: 2717: 2714: 2708: 2701: 2695: 2688: 2682: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2665: 2650: 2644: 2643:(2011) table 300 2633: 2627: 2622:B. D. Mayberry, 2620: 2614: 2604: 2598: 2588: 2582: 2575: 2569: 2562: 2556: 2549: 2543: 2540: 2534: 2524: 2518: 2509: 2503: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2446: 2440: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2419: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2392: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2382: 2371: 2365: 2358: 2352: 2351: 2331: 2325: 2311: 2305: 2290: 2284: 2257: 2251: 2240: 2234: 2229:Mabel Newcomer, 2227: 2221: 2211: 2205: 2194: 2188: 2181: 2175: 2161: 2155: 2148: 2142: 2132: 2126: 2119: 2113: 2106: 2100: 2093:Genevieve Miller 2090: 2084: 2074: 2068: 2057: 2051: 2044: 2038: 2019: 2013: 2003: 1997: 1990: 1984: 1974: 1968: 1958: 1952: 1949: 1943: 1938:John R. Thelin, 1936: 1930: 1923: 1917: 1900: 1894: 1889:David B. Potts, 1887: 1881: 1876:(1971): 363-380 1870: 1864: 1857: 1851: 1844: 1838: 1828: 1822: 1812: 1806: 1796: 1790: 1780: 1774: 1760: 1610:Washington, D.C. 1476:Great Depression 1430:Clark University 1318: 440 1304: 149 1264: 1091:Brown University 917:Women's colleges 909: 890:Wesleyan College 883:Jonathan Edwards 651:Brown University 639:Columbia College 503: 496: 489: 475: 474: 473: 464: 463: 403:Community school 322:Racial diversity 292:Achievement gaps 196: 58:in insular areas 40: 36:Education in the 35: 19: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4257: 4256: 4232: 4231: 4230: 4225: 4187: 4173: 3912: 3907: 3870: 3805: 3803:Primary sources 3786:Woody, Thomas. 3736: 3721: 3681: 3642: 3600:Ross, Earle D. 3508: 3476:Thelin, John R. 3421: 3397: 3298:Dorn, Charles. 3291:Dorn, Charles. 3243: 3238: 3232: 3230:Further reading 3227: 3226: 3216: 3214: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3190: 3188: 3185:www.nytimes.com 3178: 3177: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3158:www.nytimes.com 3151: 3150: 3146: 3136: 3134: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3112: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3083: 3079: 3070: 3066: 3054: 3050: 3041: 3037: 3030: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3001: 2997: 2983: 2979: 2968: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2942: 2941: 2937: 2927: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2905: 2901: 2892: 2888: 2877: 2873: 2860: 2856: 2847: 2843: 2834: 2830: 2821: 2817: 2808: 2804: 2789: 2785: 2776: 2772: 2763: 2759: 2750: 2746: 2737: 2733: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2702: 2698: 2689: 2685: 2676: 2672: 2663: 2661: 2652: 2651: 2647: 2634: 2630: 2621: 2617: 2605: 2601: 2589: 2585: 2576: 2572: 2563: 2559: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2525: 2521: 2510: 2506: 2494: 2490: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2433: 2431: 2422:Alford, James. 2421: 2420: 2416: 2406: 2404: 2401:www.ncpedia.org 2394: 2393: 2389: 2380: 2378: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2359: 2355: 2348: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2312: 2308: 2291: 2287: 2273:Wayback Machine 2258: 2254: 2241: 2237: 2228: 2224: 2212: 2208: 2195: 2191: 2182: 2178: 2162: 2158: 2149: 2145: 2133: 2129: 2120: 2116: 2107: 2103: 2091: 2087: 2075: 2071: 2058: 2054: 2045: 2041: 2020: 2016: 2004: 2000: 1991: 1987: 1975: 1971: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1946: 1942:(2004) pp 46-47 1937: 1933: 1924: 1920: 1915:Wayback Machine 1901: 1897: 1888: 1884: 1871: 1867: 1859:George Thomas, 1858: 1854: 1845: 1841: 1829: 1825: 1813: 1809: 1797: 1793: 1788:pp 11-15 online 1781: 1777: 1764:Roger L. Geiger 1761: 1757: 1752: 1712:Graduate school 1681: 1651: 1624: 1599: 1586: 1565: 1552:American Legion 1544: 1538: 1472: 1466: 1450:junior colleges 1446: 1444:Junior colleges 1409:Yale University 1402: 1393:source: census 1255: 1230: 1197:(in New York), 1146: 1123:Duke University 1084: 1064:Fisk University 1060:Shaw University 1047:(1865–1955) in 1041:Shaw University 1001: 995: 924: 913: 896:Oberlin College 849: 843: 796: 782:Laurence Veysey 774: 768: 748: 731: 712: 703: 687: 576:Harvard College 534: 528: 507: 471: 469: 468: 458: 432:Early childhood 414: 349:School violence 282:Charter schools 194: 188: 157:Nursing degrees 135:Legal education 130:Music education 125:Civic education 63:By subject area 38: 34: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4265: 4263: 4255: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4234: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4201:American Samoa 4197: 4195: 4189: 4188: 4183: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4119:South Carolina 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4084:North Carolina 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3920: 3918: 3914: 3913: 3908: 3906: 3905: 3898: 3891: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3869: 3868:External links 3866: 3865: 3864: 3857: 3847: 3843:(5 vol 1952); 3837: 3830: 3816: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3799: 3790:(2 vol 1929) 3784: 3774: 3764: 3757: 3750: 3740: 3734: 3719: 3709: 3702: 3695: 3689: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3675: 3670:Frye, John H. 3668: 3657: 3650: 3641: 3638: 3637: 3636: 3629: 3619: 3605: 3598: 3591: 3581: 3574: 3567: 3560: 3553: 3546: 3539: 3538: 3537: 3528:Burke, Colin. 3526: 3519: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3502: 3495: 3485: 3473: 3463: 3458:Ruben, Julie. 3456: 3446: 3439: 3419: 3401:, ed. (1911), 3395: 3388: 3381: 3376:Levine, D. O. 3374: 3367: 3360: 3350: 3343: 3336: 3326: 3316: 3306: 3296: 3289: 3279: 3272: 3261: 3251: 3242: 3239: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3224: 3198: 3171: 3144: 3117: 3110: 3090: 3077: 3064: 3048: 3035: 3028: 3008: 2995: 2991:New York Times 2977: 2974:March 12, 2014 2962: 2935: 2912: 2899: 2886: 2871: 2861:Ronald Story, 2854: 2852:(1977), p 168. 2841: 2828: 2815: 2802: 2783: 2770: 2757: 2744: 2731: 2718: 2709: 2696: 2683: 2670: 2645: 2628: 2615: 2599: 2583: 2570: 2557: 2544: 2535: 2519: 2504: 2488: 2441: 2414: 2387: 2366: 2353: 2347:978-1598843613 2346: 2326: 2306: 2285: 2283:p. 392 (1973). 2252: 2235: 2222: 2206: 2189: 2176: 2156: 2143: 2127: 2114: 2101: 2085: 2069: 2052: 2039: 2014: 2007:Alabama Review 1998: 1985: 1969: 1967:(1962) pp 3-22 1953: 1944: 1931: 1918: 1895: 1882: 1865: 1852: 1839: 1823: 1821:(2004) pp 1-40 1815:John R. Thelin 1807: 1804:pp 8-11 online 1791: 1775: 1754: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1746: 1740: 1735: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1698: 1697: 1687: 1680: 1677: 1650: 1647: 1620:Main article: 1612:was the first 1598: 1595: 1585: 1582: 1564: 1561: 1540:Main article: 1537: 1534: 1465: 1462: 1445: 1442: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1254: 1251: 1229: 1226: 1145: 1142: 1083: 1080: 1045:Storer College 997:Main article: 994: 991: 988: 987: 983: 982: 979: 976: 973: 969: 968: 965: 962: 959: 955: 954: 951: 948: 945: 941: 940: 937: 934: 931: 927: 926: 921: 918: 915: 912:College women 845:Main article: 842: 839: 795: 792: 767: 764: 763: 762: 758: 755: 747: 744: 730: 727: 711: 708: 702: 699: 686: 683: 635:Samuel Johnson 599:, the leading 527: 524: 509: 508: 506: 505: 498: 491: 483: 480: 479: 455: 454: 453: 452: 447: 444:Post-secondary 421: 420: 416: 415: 413: 412: 411: 410: 400: 395: 394: 393: 383: 378: 377: 376: 369:Apprenticeship 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 335: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 274: 273: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 232: 227: 220: 219: 218: 216:Post-secondary 213: 202: 199: 198: 190: 189: 187: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 160: 159: 154: 152:Medical school 144: 143: 142: 132: 127: 122: 117: 115:Normal schools 112: 106: 103: 102: 98: 97: 96: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 48: 47: 43: 42: 30: 29: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4264: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4159:West Virginia 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 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3021: 3020: 3012: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2992: 2987: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2966: 2963: 2950: 2946: 2939: 2936: 2923: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2896: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2880: 2875: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2858: 2855: 2851: 2845: 2842: 2838: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2787: 2784: 2780: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2754: 2748: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2722: 2719: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2700: 2697: 2693: 2687: 2684: 2680: 2674: 2671: 2660: 2656: 2649: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2632: 2629: 2625: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2609: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2593: 2587: 2584: 2580: 2574: 2571: 2567: 2561: 2558: 2554: 2548: 2545: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2529: 2523: 2520: 2516: 2515: 2508: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2445: 2442: 2429: 2425: 2418: 2415: 2402: 2398: 2391: 2388: 2377: 2370: 2367: 2363: 2357: 2354: 2349: 2343: 2339: 2338: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2310: 2307: 2304:p. 83 (1971). 2303: 2299: 2295: 2289: 2286: 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N. Boney, 2160: 2157: 2153: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2118: 2115: 2111: 2105: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2070: 2066: 2065:The Emergence 2062: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2043: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2008: 2002: 1999: 1995: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1979: 1973: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1954: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1935: 1932: 1928: 1925:John Wright, 1922: 1919: 1916: 1912: 1909: 1905: 1899: 1896: 1892: 1886: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1856: 1853: 1849: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1833: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1801: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1772:pp 1-8 online 1769: 1765: 1759: 1756: 1749: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1631: 1629: 1623: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1574: 1573:Great Society 1570: 1563:Great Society 1562: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1543: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1494: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1471: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1451: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1399: 1392: 1391: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1356: 1354: 827,000 1353: 1350: 1349: 1345: 1342: 1340: 432,000 1339: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1326: 122,500 1325: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1259: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1143: 1141: 1139: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1066:(1924–1925), 1065: 1061: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1009: 1006: 1000: 992: 985: 984: 980: 977: 974: 971: 970: 966: 963: 960: 957: 956: 952: 949: 946: 943: 942: 938: 935: 932: 929: 928: 922: 920:Coed-colleges 919: 916: 911: 910: 907: 904: 902: 897: 893: 891: 886: 884: 880: 879:Seven Sisters 877:, one of the 876: 872: 865: 861: 857: 853: 848: 840: 838: 836: 831: 829: 824: 819: 818:Inns of Court 812: 808: 804: 800: 793: 791: 789: 788: 783: 778: 773: 765: 759: 756: 753: 752: 751: 745: 743: 741: 735: 728: 726: 725: 721: 717: 709: 707: 700: 698: 696: 692: 691:republicanism 684: 682: 680: 679:New Hampshire 676: 672: 668: 665:in 1791. The 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 631:royal charter 628: 627:New York City 624: 620: 619:Presbyterians 617: 613: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 581: 580:Massachusetts 577: 573: 569: 561: 557: 556:Wren Building 553: 546: 542: 538: 533: 525: 523: 520: 516: 504: 499: 497: 492: 490: 485: 484: 482: 481: 478: 467: 462: 457: 456: 451: 450:Organizations 448: 446: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 424: 423: 422: 417: 409: 406: 405: 404: 401: 399: 396: 392: 389: 388: 387: 384: 382: 379: 375: 372: 371: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 317:School choice 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 279: 278: 275: 271: 270:Student loans 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 250:Credentialism 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 237: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 225: 221: 217: 214: 212: 209: 208: 207: 206:Accreditation 204: 203: 201: 200: 197: 191: 185: 182: 180: 179:Sex education 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 158: 155: 153: 150: 149: 148: 145: 141: 138: 137: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 120:Art education 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 107: 105: 104: 99: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 74: 71: 69: 66: 64: 61: 59: 55: 52: 51: 50: 49: 44: 41: 39:United States 31: 28: 26: 21: 20: 4216:Puerto Rico 4124:South Dakota 4114:Rhode Island 4109:Pennsylvania 4089:North Dakota 3860: 3850: 3845:vol 5 online 3840: 3833: 3828:vol 2 online 3824:vol 1 online 3819: 3814:vol 5 online 3809: 3796:vol 2 online 3787: 3777: 3767: 3760: 3753: 3743: 3724: 3712: 3705: 3698: 3692: 3685: 3671: 3660: 3653: 3646: 3632: 3622: 3608: 3601: 3594: 3584: 3577: 3570: 3563: 3556: 3549: 3542: 3529: 3522: 3512: 3498: 3488: 3478: 3466: 3459: 3449: 3442: 3435:Isaac Pitman 3430: 3406: 3399:Monroe, Paul 3391: 3384: 3377: 3370: 3363: 3353: 3346: 3339: 3329: 3319: 3309: 3299: 3292: 3282: 3275: 3264: 3254: 3247: 3215:. Retrieved 3211: 3201: 3189:. Retrieved 3184: 3174: 3162:. Retrieved 3157: 3147: 3135:. Retrieved 3130: 3120: 3100: 3093: 3085: 3080: 3072: 3067: 3056: 3051: 3043: 3038: 3018: 3011: 3003: 2998: 2989: 2980: 2971: 2965: 2953:. Retrieved 2948: 2938: 2926:. Retrieved 2915: 2907: 2902: 2894: 2889: 2878: 2874: 2866: 2862: 2857: 2849: 2844: 2836: 2831: 2823: 2818: 2810: 2805: 2794: 2786: 2778: 2773: 2765: 2760: 2752: 2747: 2739: 2734: 2726: 2721: 2712: 2704: 2699: 2691: 2686: 2678: 2677:Carl Diehl, 2673: 2662:. Retrieved 2658: 2648: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2623: 2618: 2607: 2602: 2591: 2586: 2578: 2573: 2565: 2560: 2552: 2547: 2538: 2527: 2522: 2512: 2507: 2499: 2491: 2458: 2454: 2444: 2432:. Retrieved 2427: 2417: 2405:. Retrieved 2400: 2390: 2379:. Retrieved 2369: 2361: 2356: 2340:. Abc-Clio. 2336: 2329: 2314: 2309: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2280: 2276: 2260: 2255: 2250:p. 83 (1958) 2247: 2243: 2238: 2233:(1959). p 46 2230: 2225: 2214: 2209: 2198: 2192: 2184: 2179: 2168: 2164: 2159: 2151: 2146: 2135: 2130: 2122: 2117: 2109: 2104: 2096: 2088: 2080: 2072: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2047: 2042: 2034: 2030: 2022: 2017: 2006: 2001: 1993: 1988: 1977: 1972: 1964: 1956: 1947: 1939: 1934: 1926: 1921: 1903: 1898: 1890: 1885: 1873: 1868: 1860: 1855: 1847: 1842: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1818: 1810: 1799: 1798:See Geiger, 1794: 1783: 1782:See Geiger, 1778: 1767: 1758: 1738:Jewish quota 1673: 1670: 1663: 1652: 1636: 1632: 1625: 1587: 1566: 1545: 1522: 1510:Herman Wells 1507: 1503: 1489: 1473: 1458: 1454: 1447: 1438: 1422: 1417:Ph.D. degree 1346: 6,600 1343: 58,200 1332: 2,300 1329: 15,000 1276:PhD degrees 1256: 1231: 1219: 1215: 1185:in Indiana, 1176: 1165: 1135: 1104: 1076: 1057: 1034: 1010: 1002: 905: 894: 887: 869: 832: 815: 807:Philadelphia 785: 784:in his book 779: 775: 749: 736: 732: 713: 704: 688: 659:Philadelphia 625:in 1896. In 614: 609:Yale College 565: 535: 526:Colonial era 514: 512: 426: 344:School meals 222: 22: 4193:Territories 4039:Mississippi 3954:Connecticut 3794:, also see 2837:Being Lucky 2461:(1): 6–37. 2097:Clio Medica 2067:pp 439-444. 1702:Asian quota 1181:, in Iowa, 1129:funded the 1070:(1925) and 681:, in 1770. 597:James Blair 4236:Categories 4154:Washington 4074:New Mexico 4069:New Jersey 3944:California 3617:0875893589 3423:Monroe, P. 3187:. NY Times 3160:. NY Times 2955:October 6, 2664:2021-05-17 2381:2020-12-04 1992:Rudolph, 1273:MA degrees 1270:BA degrees 1099:Ivy League 914:enrollment 780:Historian 729:Curriculum 530:See also: 312:Head Start 287:Inequality 140:Law school 4164:Wisconsin 4129:Tennessee 4034:Minnesota 4009:Louisiana 3826:also see 3212:Aljazeera 2988:from the 2928:7 October 2483:245850161 2475:2329-3780 2403:. NCpedia 1639:Baltimore 1548:G.I. Bill 1542:G.I. Bill 1382:1,600,000 1368:1,052,000 1027:in 1854. 1019:in 1837, 925:students 923:% of all 871:Mary Lyon 866:, in 1837 856:Mary Lyon 616:New Light 572:Cambridge 440:Secondary 224:Financing 4149:Virginia 4099:Oklahoma 4079:New York 4054:Nebraska 4044:Missouri 4029:Michigan 4019:Maryland 4004:Kentucky 3984:Illinois 3959:Delaware 3949:Colorado 3939:Arkansas 3425:(1922). 3356:(1987). 3206:AJLabs. 3191:30 April 2972:CNNMoney 2799:in JSTOR 2612:in JSTOR 2596:in JSTOR 2532:in JSTOR 2269:Archived 2261:History, 2219:in JSTOR 2203:in JSTOR 2173:in JSTOR 2027:in JSTOR 1982:in JSTOR 1911:Archived 1878:in JSTOR 1679:See also 1614:Catholic 1525:New Deal 1287: NA 1209:and the 1062:(1919), 986:Source: 710:Frontier 647:Baptists 593:Virginia 110:Literacy 54:By state 25:a series 4169:Wyoming 4144:Vermont 4049:Montana 3989:Indiana 3969:Georgia 3964:Florida 3934:Arizona 3924:Alabama 3770:(1993) 3746:(1993) 3625:(2009) 3604:(1942); 3536:version 3494:(1965). 3387:(1994). 3380:(1986). 3302:(2007) 3285:(2012) 3257:(2000) 3044:Society 2881:(1938) 2742:(1924). 1893:(1988). 1863:(2014). 1802:(2014) 1786:(2014) 1770:(2014) 1556:GI Bill 1536:GI Bill 1498:Deering 1388:67,000 1385:657,000 1374:38,000 1371:325,000 1360:29,900 1357:208,000 978:398,700 964:106,500 585:Puritan 558:at the 436:Primary 46:Summary 4104:Oregon 4059:Nevada 3999:Kansas 3974:Hawaii 3929:Alaska 3917:States 3863:(1992) 3855:online 3782:online 3772:online 3748:online 3732: 3717:online 3708:(2012) 3649:(2011) 3627:online 3615: 3597:(2003) 3589:online 3580:(1992) 3552:(1992) 3545:(1993) 3517:online 3483:online 3471:online 3454:online 3394:(1976) 3358:online 3334:online 3314:online 3304:online 3287:online 3269:online 3259:online 3108: 3061:online 3026: 2897:(2009) 2883:online 2694:(1995) 2681:(1978) 2626:(1991) 2555:(2005) 2517:(1965) 2502:, 2022 2481: 2473: 2344: 2321: 2187:(1994) 2140:online 2125:(1980) 2011:online 1929:(1976) 1908:online 1836:passim 1834:1970, 975:82,100 961:34,100 950:39,500 947:16,800 724:HBCU's 568:Oxford 277:Reform 240:Bubble 4134:Texas 4014:Maine 3979:Idaho 3217:1 May 3164:1 May 3137:1 May 2479:S2CID 2434:2 May 2407:2 May 1750:Notes 1013:South 936:2,600 933:6,500 4206:Guam 4139:Utah 4094:Ohio 3994:Iowa 3730:ISBN 3613:ISBN 3219:2024 3193:2024 3166:2024 3139:2024 3106:ISBN 3024:ISBN 2957:2017 2930:2017 2471:ISSN 2436:2024 2409:2024 2342:ISBN 2319:ISBN 1762:See 1474:The 1379:2009 1365:1990 1351:1970 1337:1950 1323:1930 1309:1910 1295:1890 1281:1870 1267:Year 1121:and 981:44% 972:1930 967:40% 958:1910 953:36% 944:1890 939:21% 930:1870 570:and 513:The 442:) – 428:K–12 56:and 3411:hdl 2865:in 2463:doi 2459:119 2300:34 2279:51 2246:21 1608:in 1411:in 1155:in 1093:in 862:in 805:in 4238:: 3405:, 3210:. 3183:. 3156:. 3129:. 2947:. 2657:. 2498:, 2477:. 2469:. 2457:. 2453:. 2426:. 2399:. 2167:. 2079:, 1963:, 1817:, 1766:, 1668:. 1483:, 1205:, 1201:, 1193:, 1189:, 1125:. 1117:, 1113:, 1109:, 1055:. 830:. 742:. 673:. 438:– 430:- 27:on 3902:e 3895:t 3888:v 3738:. 3492:. 3413:: 3221:. 3195:. 3168:. 3141:. 3114:. 3032:. 2959:. 2932:. 2667:. 2485:. 2465:: 2438:. 2411:. 2384:. 2350:. 1880:. 502:e 495:t 488:v 434:(

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Knowledge (XXG)

History of higher education in the United States

Index