63:
and ceramics, the most famous surviving artifacts are the codices. As in other regions, codices were made from long strips of material folded into an accordion shape; in this region, bark from the amate tree, agave fibers, and/or animal hides were used as paper, and the codices were protected by wooden covers. The
Nahuatl codices (containing works from the Aztecs, Maya, and Mixtecs, among other tribes in the Nahua language family), are the most famous of these. Codices were used to record a variety of types of information, including astronomical knowledge, religious calendars, genealogies of the ruling families, cartography, and tribute collection. Temples and schools were the first "libraries" in the region, as this is where the codices were stored and used as educational materials.
104:
of a library that belonged to
Netzahualcoyotl in Tetzcoco with books from other Mesoamerican civilizations and one in Xochimilco. Through surviving codices and accounts from Spaniards, it is known that the Aztec, kept records on facets of life, including events, genealogical histories, practices, math, land ownership, maps, and civil and criminal laws. In fact, at the time of the conquest, the Aztecs had just begun to codify their laws into a more formal written form." The Aztecs collected information in the form of glyphs or picture and images on books (called
1743:
117:
had previously tried to wipe out Mayan culture and traditions" in order to be seen as the dominant empire. Though there is not much to share about where exactly the Aztec kept their books, whether it was in one large library or several storage areas, "hundreds of indigenous books were in use in
Mesoamerica" before the arrival of conquistadors.
233:
was founded in 1810 by the
Portuguese royal family; the collection was left behind in the country following the terms of the treaty that allowed the royal family's return. The library is one of the largest in the Americas, with over 9 million items in the collection. The Biblioteca Nacional organized
103:
had an advanced prosperous civilization. Though it is speculated that the Aztecs had libraries, not much is known about where the Aztecs actually kept their records. Conquistador and eyewitness Bernal Diaz mentions seeing a "whole house filled with large books" in
Tenochtitlan. There was also mention
116:
codices, were folded into 'screenfold' style and bounded so that readers could view many pages at once. The bounded books were made from deer hide and agave plants. Though the Aztecs kept records some of the books that the Aztecs possessed where in fact "biased Aztec version of history". "The Aztecs
174:
was one of the intellectuals of Mexico during the late 17th century. The
Carmelite nun used a 4,000-volume library established by her grandfather to further her education; she corresponded with Sir Isaac Newton and was also renowned for her skill in poetry. Unfortunately, Sor Juana became embroiled
62:
had all developed written language prior to the
Spanish Conquest. It is important to note that although numerous cultures in the region had developed writing systems, only the Maya had developed a phonetic language. Although numerous types of writing surfaces were used, such as stone, bone, metal,
137:. However, codices were slow to die out; Spanish-language, bilingual, and indigenous-language codices continued to be produced, with the list of materials changing to include paper and the subjects focusing on the Christian religion and tribute to colonial administrators. One such example is the
24:
had developed a written language and, in some cases, created libraries and record depositories of their own, library history of the continent tends to focus on post-conquest institutions. This article will discuss the history of libraries in Latin
America.
165:
Due to the lack of widespread
Spanish literacy, most printed items were stored in the library of the university of Mexico City or in the private libraries of clergy, noblemen, and government officials. In 1646 the oldest public library in Americas,
79:(250–900 AD), the Maya were believed to have large libraries filled with books. By the end of the Maya Classic Period it is assumed that Maya libraries housed thousands of books, written on bark paper or deer skin. These libraries contained
213:, Ecuador, obtained its first Spanish press in 1760. As with the other colonies in Mexico and Central America, many printed materials found their way to the library of the University of Lima.
175:
in a battle with Church politics in 1690; although she passionately defended the right of women to an education, she was banned from writing and her library in 1691, dying four years later.
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The
Spanish arrival meant that preexisting Mesoamerican books and libraries were destroyed by conquistadores and missionaries. Only 15 codices survived after 1521; these include the
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Roldan Vera, Eugenia (2013). "The History of the Book in Latin America (Including Incas and Aztecs)". In Suarez, Michael; Woudhuysen, H. R. (eds.).
699:
Roldan Vera, Eugenia (2013). "The History of the Book in Latin America (Including Incas and Aztecs)". In Suarez, Michael; Woudhuysen, H. R. (eds.).
653:
Roldan Vera, Eugenia (2013). "The History of the Book in Latin America (Including Incas and Aztecs)". In Suarez, Michael; Woudhuysen, H. R. (eds.).
317:
Roldan Vera, Eugenia (2013). "The History of the Book in Latin America (Including Incas and Aztecs)". In Suarez, Michael; Woudhuysen, H. R. (eds.).
283:
Roldan Vera, Eugenia (2013). "The History of the Book in Latin America (Including Incas and Aztecs)". In Suarez, Michael; Woudhuysen, H. R. (eds.).
258:
Roldan Vera, Eugenia (2013). "The History of the Book in Latin America (Including Incas and Aztecs)". In Suarez, Michael; Woudhuysen, H. R. (eds.).
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The illustrated encyclopedia of Aztec & Maya: the greatest civilizations of ancient Central America with 1000 photographs, paintings & maps
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that covered important subjects such as genealogy, astronomy, rituals, information about plants and animals, medical knowledge, and history.
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dates back to before the conquest of the continent by the Spanish. Although the indigenous peoples of Mexico, Central America, and
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201:, used to record information; whether this could be considered a writing system, and collections of quipu libraries, is debated.
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Prior to the mid-18th century, printing was strictly prohibited in Brazil due to its status as an agricultural colony.
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was established in 1539 by Juan Pablos The first book published in the Western hemisphere was
99:, had become such "a splendid city that, according to records, it dazzled the Spaniards." The
72:
1471:
569:"Tarlton Law Library: Exhibit - Aztec and Maya Law: Aztec Legal System and Sources of Law"
461:"Cortés and the Aztecs - Exploring the Early Americas | Exhibitions - Library of Congress"
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the first classes in library science in South America and pioneered modernization.
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As with Mexico and Central America, printing was slow to arrive to the Andes.
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It was printed in Tenochtitlan, what is called Mexico City today, in 1539
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287:(1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 656–670.
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51:
39:
170:, was established in the Mexican state of Puebla. Born in 1648,
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836:(1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 659.
703:(1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 661.
657:(1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 660.
321:(1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 657.
262:(1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 656.
629:(2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Getty Publications. p. 86.
863:(1st ed.). New York: Skyhorse Publishing. pp.
925:(1st ed.). New York: Skyhorse Publishing. p.
894:(1st ed.). New York: Skyhorse Publishing. p.
807:(1st ed.). New York: Skyhorse Publishing. p.
776:(1st ed.). New York: Skyhorse Publishing. p.
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548:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
596:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 84.
520:. New York, NY: Skyhorse Pub. p. 136.
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518:The library : an illustrated history
431:. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 84.
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393:. London: Reaktion Books. p. 228.
346:. Jones, David M. London. p. 486.
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18:history of libraries in Latin America
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922:The Library: An Illustrated History
891:The Library: An Illustrated History
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804:The Library: An Illustrated History
773:The Library: An Illustrated History
685:. Skyhorse Publishing. p. 136.
95:It was said that the Aztec city of
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1741:
1708:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
486:"Basic Aztec facts: AZTEC BOOKS"
157:, the first archbishop of Mexico
747:Library: An Illustrated History
683:Library: An Illustrated History
516:Murray, Stuart, 1948- (2009).
108:in the Nahuatl language). The
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732:UNESCO Biblioteca Palafoxiana
594:Books : A Living History
429:Books : a living history
231:Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil
1263:Central banks and currencies
71:During the Golden Period of
1220:Liberalism and conservatism
389:Fischer, Steven R. (2001).
1961:
1940:Libraries in South America
1215:International peacekeeping
1022:Latin American integration
834:The Book: A Global History
701:The Book: A Global History
655:The Book: A Global History
342:Phillips, Charles (2017).
319:The Book: A Global History
285:The Book: A Global History
260:The Book: A Global History
29:Mexico and Central America
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1870:Turks and Caicos Islands
725:"Biblioteca Palafoxiana"
112:, in keeping with other
1450:Countries by population
1007:Portuguese colonization
919:Murray, Stuart (2009).
888:Murray, Stuart (2009).
857:Murray, Stuart (2009).
801:Murray, Stuart (2009).
770:Murray, Stuart (2009).
745:Murray, Stuart (2009).
681:Murray, Stuart (2009).
627:Books: A Living History
1935:Latin American history
1785:British Virgin Islands
1324:Latin American studies
625:Lyons, Martyn (2011).
592:Lyons, Martyn (2013).
573:tarlton.law.utexas.edu
567:Collections, Special.
427:Lyons, Martyn (2011).
168:Biblioteca Palafoxiana
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1698:Saint Kitts and Nevis
121:Post-Conquest to 1600
1278:Water and sanitation
1002:Spanish colonization
490:www.mexicolore.co.uk
145:. The first Mexican
135:Tro-Cortesiano codex
1875:U.S. Virgin Islands
1718:Trinidad and Tobago
1563:Antigua and Barbuda
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1628:Dominican Republic
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1097:Foreign relations
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905:978-1-60239-706-4
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843:978-0-19-967941-6
818:978-1-60239-706-4
787:978-1-60239-706-4
710:978-0-19-967941-6
664:978-0-19-967941-6
636:978-1-60606-083-4
603:978-0-500-29115-3
527:978-1-60239-706-4
438:978-0-500-29115-3
400:978-1-86189-588-2
353:978-1-78214-340-6
328:978-0-19-967941-6
294:978-0-19-967941-6
269:978-0-19-967941-6
155:Juan de Zumárraga
73:Maya Civilization
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1251:Agriculture
1134:South Korea
1037:Debt crisis
465:www.loc.gov
195:Inca Empire
153:written by
114:Mesoamerica
1929:Categories
1825:Montserrat
1820:Martinique
1815:Guadeloupe
1613:Costa Rica
1421:Telenovela
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362:1005933447
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60:Zapotecs
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1088:Slavery
987:History
865:276–277
106:amoxtli
91:Records
89:Mexica'
81:codices
1683:Panama
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1401:Music
1396:Media
1386:Dance
1374:Films
1307:Crime
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728:(PDF)
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