535:
1038:
837:
478:
813:
62:
825:
650:
901:
849:
769:. The rich iconography of the obverse of the early electrum coins contrasts with the dull appearance of their reverse which usually carries only punch marks. The shape and number of these punches varied according to their denomination and weight-standard. Subsequently, the anvil was marked in various ways, and decorated with letters and figures of beasts, and later still the anvil was replaced by a reverse die. The spherical blanks soon gave place to
743:
801:
1085:
490:
789:(c. 300 BC), but had been forgotten. Square pieces of metal were also cut from cast bars, converted into round disks by hammering and then struck between dies. In striking, the lower die was fixed into a block of wood, and the blank piece of metal laid upon it by hand. The upper die was then placed on the blank, and kept in position by means of a holder around which was placed a roll of
773:
ones. The blank was made red-hot and struck between cold dies. One blow was usually insufficient, and the method was similar to that still used in striking medals in high relief, except that the blank is now allowed to cool before being struck. With the substitution of iron for bronze as the material
882:
introduced screw presses for striking coins, together with rolls for reducing the cast bars and machines for punching-out round disks from flattened sheets of metal. 8 to 12 men took over from each other every quarter of an hour to maneuver the arms driving the screw which struck the medals. Later,
1061:
invented the Presse Monétaire, a level coin press which became known as the
Uhlhorn Press. His steam driven knuckle-lever press made him internationally famous, and over 500 units had been sold by 1840. The advanced construction of the Uhlhorn press proved to be highly satisfactory, and the use of
793:
to protect the hand of the operator while heavy blows were struck with a hammer. An early improvement was the introduction of a tool resembling a pair of tongs, the two dies being placed one at the extremity of each leg. This avoided the necessity of readjusting the dies between blows, and ensured
963:
He installed eight of these state-of-the-art steam-driven presses in his factory, each with the capacity to strike between 70 and 84 coins per minute. The firm had little immediate success getting a license to strike
British coins, but was soon engaged in striking coins for the
891:
in 1640 and the practice of hammering was forbidden in 1645. In
England the new machinery was tried in London in 1561, but abandoned soon afterwards; it was finally adopted in 1662, although the old pieces continued in circulation until 1696.
739:. The Romans cast their larger copper coins in clay moulds carrying distinctive markings, not because they knew nothing of striking, but because it was not suitable for such large masses of metal. Casting is now used only by counterfeiters.
1069:, the largest private mint in the world for much of the 19th century, and was further improved at the Taylor and Challen who began to supply complete press room equipment to national mints around the world, such as
886:
Henry II came up against hostility on the part of the coin makers, so the process was largely discarded in 1585 and only used for coins of small value, medals and tokens. The system was reintroduced into France by
757:
The most ancient coins were cast in bulletshaped or conical moulds and marked on one side by means of a die which was struck with a hammer. The "blank" or unmarked piece of metal was placed on a small
1076:
By the early 20th century, mints were using electrical power to drive rolls, the advantage being that each pair of rolls could be driven independently without the intervention of cumbrous shafting.
812:
697:
in 269 BCE Rome. This goddess became the personification of money, and her name was applied both to money and to its place of manufacture. Roman mints were spread widely across the
1015:, the coins featured a raised rim with incuse or sunken letters and numbers. The high-technology of Soho Mint gained increasing and somewhat unwelcome attention: rivals attempted
848:
765:. The reverse or lower side of the coin received a "rough incuse" by the hammer. Later a rectangular mark, a "square incuse", was made by the sharp edges of the little anvil, or
824:
836:
1677:
1034:
suspended convertibility of its notes for gold. The twopenny coins measured exactly an inch and a half across; 16 pennies lined up would reach two feet.
1478:
1404:
1190:
1042:
1431:
1168:
800:
1919:
1897:
1741:
1702:
1625:
521:
1827:, which was further shortened to "thaler" (German), which was transliterated to "daler" (Dutch), which was rendered in English as "dollar")
147:
142:
1747:
1708:
1454:
574:
were the chief means of coin minting, with resulting production runs numbering as little as the hundreds or thousands. In modern mints,
1859:
936:
as part of his industrial plant. He invented a steam driven screw press in the same year (his original machinery was being used at the
686:
At about the same time, coins and mints appeared independently in China and spread to Korea and Japan. The manufacture of coins in the
956:
1332:
976:, or blank coins, to be struck by national mints elsewhere. The firm sent over 20 million blanks to Philadelphia, to be struck into
1906:
Symons, David (2009), "'Bringing to
Perfection the Art of Coining': What did they make at the Soho Mint?", in Mason, Shena (ed.),
1355:
777:
In the Middle Ages bars of metal were cast and hammered out on an anvil. Portions of the flattened sheets were then cut out with
1975:
977:
1518:
981:
152:
120:
1841:
1011:
of the day could hope to achieve. Boulton also pioneered special methods to further frustrate counterfeiters. Designed by
212:
171:
137:
127:
1954:
1980:
594:
281:
717:, for example, ruled only part of the Roman Empire from 260 to 261 AD, and yet he issued two coins bearing his image.
306:
239:
190:
132:
1784:
1673:
1607:
1101:
1012:
965:
690:, dating from about the 4th century BCE, significantly influenced the later development of coin minting in Europe.
589:
With the mass production of currency, the production cost is weighed when minting coins. For example, it costs the
534:
1970:
1145:
514:
274:
254:
1037:
1128:
1860:"Joint Standing Committee on Public Works: Refurbishment of Royal Australian Mint Building, Canberra: Report"
1647:
1205:
1396:
1140:
659:
634:
operated their own mints. Some of the earliest Greek mints were within city-states on Greek islands such as
234:
71:
925:
401:
774:
for dies, about 300 AD, the practice of striking the blanks while they were hot was gradually discarded.
1911:
1294:
1268:
1185:
643:
269:
244:
928:
in the mid-1780s as an extension to the small metal products he already manufactured in his factory in
626:. The Lydian innovation of manufacturing coins under the authority of the state spread to neighbouring
1124:
1016:
969:
941:
904:
Boulton 1790 Anglesey halfpenny; the first coin struck by steam power in a collar to assure roundness
507:
41:
878:
in particular this system became highly developed and was long in use. In 1553, the French engineer
1425:
1273:
224:
176:
1949:
1621:
693:
The origin of the word "mint" is ascribed to the manufacture of silver coin at the temple of Juno
649:
1365:
1323:
1300:
1245:
1089:
985:
590:
482:
370:
183:
108:
61:
854:
Roman
Denarius issued by T. Carisius (46BCE) showing the moneyer's die, anvil, hammer and tongs
713:. Some of the emperors who ruled only for a short time made sure that a coin bore their image;
1915:
1893:
1737:
1731:
1698:
1692:
1472:
1263:
1194:
916:
in 1788. By 1786, two-thirds of the coins in circulation in
Britain were counterfeit, and the
786:
732:
538:
259:
229:
219:
101:
1447:
948:. The piston was in communication with a vacuum vessel from which the air had been pumped by
920:
responded to this crisis by shutting itself down, worsening the situation. The industrialist
1863:
1809:
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1239:
1112:
1058:
929:
726:
679:
567:
563:
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249:
204:
900:
818:
A trussell for use with a pile in producing hammered coins as shown by the moneyer at work.
1805:
1435:
1328:
1223:
1219:
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1134:
1118:
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770:
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358:
1084:
1375:
1289:
1209:
1162:
1000:
989:
921:
865:
781:, struck between dies and again trimmed with shears. A similar method had been used in
687:
663:
627:
583:
461:
333:
316:
311:
264:
159:
31:
1964:
1360:
1215:
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166:
1944:
1522:
1350:
1229:
1150:
778:
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494:
382:
377:
328:
1818:
1345:
1317:
1070:
1008:
949:
598:
449:
415:
49:
17:
1837:
597:(a 25 cent coin), and the difference in production cost and face value (called
1768:
1283:
1257:
1200:
1030:
on 3 March 1797, after a national financial crisis reached its nadir when the
1027:
937:
917:
913:
888:
875:
702:
631:
602:
432:
908:
Industrial techniques and steam-power were introduced to coin manufacture by
874:) intervened between the hand hammers and the screw press in many places. In
1311:
1305:
1108:
933:
830:
A mill for the production of 'milled' coins with both coin dies illustrated.
389:
955:
1890:
Coincraft's 2000 Standard
Catalogue of English and UK Coins, 1066 to Date
1780:
1400:
1233:
1020:
973:
736:
710:
655:
623:
579:
575:
556:
408:
396:
113:
96:
83:
1603:
1115:). Although very much older, in 1067 there were coined gold “mancusos”.
27:
Industrial facility that manufactures coins that can be used as currency
1054:
714:
639:
1856:
Proposed
Refurbishment of the Royal Australian Mint Building, Canberra
842:
A mill for inscribing or milling the edges of coin flans or planchets.
1813:
1797:
1046:
945:
694:
437:
1733:
Early
Medieval Monetary History: Studies in Memory of Mark Blackburn
1604:"ASPECTS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL STRIKING OF ANGLESEY HALFPENCE IN 1790"
1801:
1651:
1083:
1036:
954:
899:
762:
758:
746:
741:
675:
648:
635:
619:
456:
442:
425:
420:
30:"Mint (coin)" redirects here. For a coin in a new-like state, see
1552:
Rodgers, Kerry (May 2009), "Boulton father of mechanized press",
790:
552:
365:
91:
1062:
the screw press for general coinage was gradually eliminated.
1939:
1934:
806:
A furnace for producing molten metal for coin production.
1100: – established in 1397 and produces the
1023:
with the
Government for Boulton's mint to be shut down.
883:
the rolls were driven by horses, mules or water-power.
1208:, Czech Republic, (Jáchymovská královská mincovna in
992:
found them to be "perfect and beautifully polished".
940:
until 1881, almost a century later), which worked by
999:
of coinage with steam driven machinery organised in
622:
in the 7th century BC, for coining gold, silver and
1908:
Matthew Boulton: Selling What All the World Desires
1232:, established in 1535, is the oldest mint in the
753:) 600–550 BCE, Hemiobol. Horse head, rough incuse
562:The history of mints correlates closely with the
642:on Crete at least as early as the fifth century
1007:and uniform weight and roundness, something no
1026:Boulton was finally awarded a contract by the
705:purposes. The populace often learned of a new
1838:"History – Mincovňa Kremnica"
1697:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 102–.
1397:"It cost 1.5 cents to make a penny last year"
995:These were the first truly modern coins; the
870:Minting by means of a falling weight (monkey
601:) helps fund the minting body. Conversely, a
515:
8:
1940:Website of the Monnaie de Paris, French mint
1637:Kinematic models for design, digital library
1504:Sargent, T. J., & Velde, F. R. (2002).
709:when coins appeared with the new Emperor's
1854:Joint Standing Committee on Public Works,
522:
508:
36:
1663:The Royal Canadian Numismatic Association
1248:(Kingdom of Navarre), established in 1351
972:and Russia, while producing high-quality
618:The first mint was likely established in
761:, and the die was held in position with
638:; a mint existed at the ancient city of
533:
1935:Website of The Royal Mint, British mint
1736:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 341–.
1387:
796:
605:($ 0.01) cost $ 0.015 to make in 2016.
48:
1590:
1477:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1470:
731:Ancient coins were made by casting in
578:are manufactured in large numbers and
1796:—historical, established in 1516 and
1578:
1566:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1495:Pub. Edmonston and Douglas, Edinburgh
1041:French-made coining press from 1831 (
7:
1065:This new technology was used at the
794:greater accuracy in the impression.
1694:Barcelona and Its Rulers, 1096-1291
1493:Records of the Coinage of Scotland.
1427:Cydonia – The Ancient City of Crete
1193:, Italy, the first mint to produce
1169:Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre
1750:from the original on 6 August 2020
1711:from the original on 6 August 2020
593:much less than 25 cents to make a
25:
1892:, Standard Catalogue Publishers,
1691:Stephen P. Bensch (4 July 2002).
1844:from the original on 2008-12-02.
1730:Martin Allen (5 December 2016).
1680:from the original on 2015-10-02.
1610:from the original on 2014-01-11.
1356:German inventors and discoverers
1191:Printer Institute and State Mint
847:
835:
823:
811:
799:
735:or by striking between engraved
548:is an industrial facility which
539:United States Mint, Philadelphia
488:
476:
60:
1787:from the original on 2005-03-06
1628:from the original on 2009-06-30
1506:The big problem of small change
1491:Cochran-Patrick, R. W. (1876),
1460:from the original on 2018-04-11
1429:, UKBullion Blog, 23 March 2016
1407:from the original on 2019-06-08
1395:Ivanova, Irina (6 March 2017).
1816:received its name after them (
1622:"KMODDL – Engineering Library"
701:, and were sometimes used for
1:
1674:"How Coins Are Minted: 1920s"
1508:. Princeton University Press.
1648:"RCNA | the CN Journal"
1088:The current building of the
959:A 19th-century coining press
1059:Dietrich "Diedrich" Uhlhorn
1003:enabled the achievement of
932:. In 1788 he established a
749:, uncertain city (possibly
1997:
1182:(United States of America)
1165:(United States of America)
1053:Between 1817 and 1830 the
966:British East India Company
863:
724:
29:
1957:(archived 7 October 2007)
1812:) were minted there. The
1146:Casa da Moeda de Portugal
1230:Casa de Moneda de México
1222:, (Mincovňa Kremnica in
1129:Massachusetts Bay Colony
1107:Barcelona Mint (Seca de
924:turned his attention to
721:Early minting technology
670:, from an excavation in
653:Bronze mold for minting
1955:Ancient Minting Process
1888:Lobel, Richard (1999),
1206:Joachimsthal Royal Mint
1141:Casa da Moeda do Brasil
1005:standardized dimensions
402:Commemorative banknotes
1976:Numismatic terminology
1335:), established in 1536
1093:
1050:
960:
905:
754:
683:
614:The first minted coins
541:
483:Numismatics portal
121:Circulating currencies
1912:Yale University Press
1434:13 April 2016 at the
1295:Saint Petersburg Mint
1269:Royal Australian Mint
1186:India Government Mint
1087:
1040:
958:
903:
745:
666:period (475–221 BC),
652:
537:
213:Historical currencies
54:the study of currency
1676:. 25 February 2012.
1017:industrial espionage
942:atmospheric pressure
630:, where a number of
566:. In the beginning,
555:that can be used as
184:Fictional currencies
1981:Production of coins
1556:, pp. 1, 56–58
1274:Royal Canadian Mint
1102:Vienna Philharmonic
371:Commemorative coins
282:Medieval currencies
191:Proposed currencies
1914:, pp. 89–98,
1910:, New Haven, Ct.:
1519:"Monnaie de Paris"
1366:Master of the Mint
1333:Republic of Venice
1324:United States Mint
1301:South African Mint
1246:Monnaie de Navarre
1094:
1090:San Francisco Mint
1051:
986:United States Mint
961:
906:
896:Industrial minting
755:
684:
591:United States Mint
542:
1921:978-0-300-14358-4
1899:978-0-9526228-8-8
1743:978-1-351-94252-2
1704:978-0-521-52589-3
1264:Philadelphia Mint
1195:bi-metallic coins
787:Ptolemaic Kingdom
771:lenticular-shaped
586:by the billions.
532:
531:
16:(Redirected from
1988:
1971:Mints (currency)
1945:Coins of Quietus
1924:
1902:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1862:. Archived from
1852:
1846:
1845:
1834:
1828:
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1793:
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1766:
1760:
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1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
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1650:. Archived from
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1412:
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1371:Mint-made errors
1308:(United Kingdom)
1286:(United Kingdom)
1279:Royal Dutch Mint
1252:Monnaie de Paris
1240:La Moneda Palace
1121:(United Kingdom)
1092:, built in 1937.
1013:Heinrich Küchler
851:
839:
827:
815:
803:
727:Hammered coinage
680:Shaanxi province
568:hammered coinage
564:history of coins
524:
517:
510:
495:Money portal
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492:
491:
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480:
479:
205:History of money
160:Local currencies
64:
55:
37:
21:
18:History of mints
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1554:World Coin News
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1486:
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1448:"Archived copy"
1446:
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1441:
1436:Wayback Machine
1423:
1419:
1410:
1408:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1342:
1220:Slovak Republic
1197:in recent times
1157:Currency Centre
1135:Bundesdruckerei
1119:Birmingham Mint
1082:
1067:Birmingham Mint
1032:Bank of England
997:mass-production
988:—Mint Director
910:Matthew Boulton
898:
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860:The screw press
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1929:External links
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1163:Dahlonega Mint
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990:Elias Boudinot
922:Mathew Boulton
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866:Milled coinage
864:Main article:
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57:
56:
46:
45:
32:Mint condition
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1993:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
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1968:
1966:
1956:
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1951:
1950:Robert Morris
1948:
1946:
1943:
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1932:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1901:
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1886:
1885:
1881:
1866:on 2006-01-13
1865:
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1654:on 2009-06-30
1653:
1649:
1643:
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1623:
1617:
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1599:
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1593:, p. 94.
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1525:on 2008-05-11
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1361:List of mints
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1347:
1344:
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1327:
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1217:
1216:Kremnica mint
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
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1181:
1180:Franklin Mint
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1120:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1104:gold bullion.
1103:
1099:
1098:Austrian Mint
1096:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1080:Notable mints
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:, Australia.
1072:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1039:
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1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:counterfeiter
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
957:
953:
951:
947:
944:applied to a
943:
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935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
902:
895:
893:
890:
884:
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880:Aubin Olivier
877:
873:
867:
859:
850:
845:
838:
833:
826:
821:
814:
809:
802:
797:
795:
792:
788:
784:
783:Ancient Egypt
780:
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764:
760:
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748:
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738:
734:
728:
720:
718:
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712:
708:
707:Roman Emperor
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673:
672:Qishan County
669:
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403:
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395:
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391:
388:
387:
384:
381:
379:
378:Bullion coins
376:
375:
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348:
347:
340:
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332:
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175:
173:
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168:
167:Company scrip
165:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
149:
148:South America
146:
144:
143:North America
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
110:
107:
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103:
100:
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79:
78:
73:
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68:
67:
63:
59:
58:
51:
47:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
1907:
1889:
1868:. Retrieved
1864:the original
1855:
1850:
1832:
1825:Joachimsthal
1824:
1819:Joachimsthal
1817:
1789:. Retrieved
1775:
1764:
1752:. Retrieved
1732:
1725:
1713:. Retrieved
1693:
1686:
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1652:the original
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1616:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1553:
1527:. Retrieved
1523:the original
1513:
1505:
1500:
1492:
1487:
1462:. Retrieved
1442:
1426:
1420:
1409:. Retrieved
1390:
1351:Bullion coin
1175:Finland Mint
1151:Central Mint
1075:
1064:
1052:
1025:
994:
970:Sierra Leone
962:
907:
885:
869:
776:
756:
751:Kyme, Aeolis
730:
692:
685:
668:State of Qin
654:
617:
588:
584:milled coins
572:cast coinage
561:
550:manufactures
545:
543:
416:Credit cards
301:
177:Time dollars
1882:Works cited
1769:de:Jáchymov
1591:Symons 2009
1424:UKBullion,
1376:Münzmeister
1346:Branch mint
1329:Venice Mint
1320:, Australia
1318:Sydney Mint
1260:(Australia)
1125:Boston mint
1071:Sydney Mint
950:steam power
785:during the
632:city-states
599:seigniorage
450:Scripophily
50:Numismatics
1965:Categories
1870:2005-10-12
1804:in Czech,
1791:2004-12-05
1754:28 January
1715:28 January
1658:2009-03-10
1632:2009-03-10
1579:Lobel 1999
1567:Lobel 1999
1529:2009-03-10
1464:2017-10-30
1411:2019-06-08
1382:References
1284:Royal Mint
1258:Perth Mint
1201:Japan Mint
1028:Royal Mint
982:half-cents
938:Royal Mint
918:Royal Mint
914:Birmingham
889:Jean Varin
876:Birmingham
703:propaganda
603:U.S. penny
352:Collection
295:Production
225:Achaemenid
1312:Swissmint
1306:Soho Mint
1159:, Ireland
1137:(Germany)
1109:Barcelona
1057:engineer
1001:factories
974:planchets
580:planchets
576:coin dies
397:Banknotes
390:Notaphily
324:Hammering
307:Designers
230:Byzantine
97:Banknotes
1842:Archived
1821:Groschen
1785:Archived
1748:Archived
1709:Archived
1678:Archived
1626:Archived
1608:Archived
1473:cite web
1455:Archived
1432:Archived
1405:Archived
1401:CBS News
1340:See also
1297:(Russia)
1254:(France)
1234:Americas
1153:(Taiwan)
1021:lobbying
1019:, while
711:portrait
656:banliang
624:electrum
557:currency
409:Exonumia
260:Japanese
240:Filipino
220:Aksumite
84:Currency
72:Glossary
42:a series
40:Part of
1823:led to
1810:Slovene
1798:thalers
1242:(Chile)
1171:, Spain
1113:Catalan
984:by the
926:coinage
715:Quietus
682:, China
640:Cydonia
609:History
595:quarter
438:Cheques
383:Grading
317:Milling
312:Coining
275:Tibetan
255:Italian
235:Chinese
153:Oceania
102:Forgery
1918:
1896:
1814:dollar
1806:Slovak
1802:tolars
1740:
1701:
1224:Slovak
1055:German
1047:Madrid
1043:M.A.N.
946:piston
779:shears
733:moulds
699:Empire
695:Moneta
628:Greece
457:Stocks
443:Scrips
433:Tokens
426:Medals
421:Jetons
339:Errors
334:Metals
250:Indian
138:Europe
128:Africa
1458:(PDF)
1451:(PDF)
1210:Czech
978:cents
872:press
767:punch
763:tongs
759:anvil
747:Ionia
676:Baoji
660:coins
636:Crete
620:Lydia
553:coins
462:Bonds
366:Coins
265:Roman
245:Greek
92:Coins
1916:ISBN
1894:ISBN
1808:and
1781:"RS"
1756:2020
1738:ISBN
1717:2020
1699:ISBN
1479:link
980:and
934:Mint
930:Soho
791:lead
737:dies
546:mint
329:Cast
302:Mint
270:Thai
172:LETS
133:Asia
109:List
1331:, (
1111:in
912:in
644:BCE
570:or
114:ISO
1967::
1840:.
1783:.
1746:.
1707:.
1624:.
1606:.
1538:^
1475:}}
1471:{{
1453:.
1403:.
1399:.
1218:,
1045:,
968:,
952:.
678:,
674:,
662:,
646:.
559:.
544:A
44:on
1873:.
1800:(
1794:.
1758:.
1719:.
1661:.
1635:.
1581:.
1532:.
1481:)
1467:.
1414:.
1236:.
1226:)
1212:)
1131:)
1127:(
1049:)
523:e
516:t
509:v
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
