394:
430:
410:
515:
65:. Poetry is often closely related to musical traditions, and the earliest poetry exists in the form of hymns (such as Hymn to the Death of Tammuz), and other types of song such as chants. As such, poetry is often a verbal art. Many of the poems surviving from the ancient world are recorded prayers, or stories about religious subject matter, but they also include historical accounts, instructions for everyday activities, love songs, and fiction.
602:
1907:
26:
393:
953:
1922:
68:
Many scholars, particularly those researching the
Homeric tradition and the oral epics of the Balkans, suggest that early writing shows clear traces of older oral traditions, including the use of repeated phrases as building blocks in larger poetic units. A rhythmic and repetitious form would make a
864:
grew to be popular in around the 19th century, with the addition of radio as they could broadcast to the world the earliest 'songs'. Lyric poetry is very similar to songs / song lyrics. They could have as many stanzas as they wanted, which was different to different forms of poetry at the
463:
In Africa, poetry has a history dating back to prehistorical times with the creation of hunting poetry, and panegyric and elegiac court poetry were developed extensively throughout the history of the empires of the Nile, Niger, and Volta river valleys. Some of the earliest written poetry in Africa
651:
The poems preserved in written form constitute the poetic literature. Furthermore, there is or were parallel traditions of oral and traditional poetry also known as popular or folk poems or ballads. Some of these poems seem to have been preserved in written form. Generally, the folk type of poems
1838:
482:
court poetry. In
African cultures, performance poetry is traditionally a part of theatrics, which was present in all aspects of pre-colonial African life and whose theatrical ceremonies had many different functions, including political, educative, spiritual and entertainment.
506:, which is a literature of its own, since it is a distinct method of communication that depends on conveying meaning through non-musical grammatical, tonal and rhythmic rules imitating speech. Although, these performances could be included in those of griots.
552:, Aristotle taxonomized ancient Greek drama (which he called "poetry") into three subcategories: epic, comic, and tragic. Aristotle developed rules to distinguish the highest-quality poetry of each genre, based on the underlying purposes of that genre. Later
69:
long story easier to remember and retell, before writing was available as a reminder. Thus, to aid memorization and oral transmission, surviving works from prehistoric and ancient societies appear to have been first composed in a poetic form – from the
429:
647:
consists of both literary and oral cultural processes, which are conventionally assigned to certain standard periods or eras, corresponding with
Chinese Dynastic Eras, the traditional chronological process for Chinese historical events.
341:, developed canons of poetic works that had ritual as well as aesthetic importance. More recently, thinkers have struggled to find a definition that could encompass formal differences as great as those between Chaucer's
888:
The development of modern poetry is generally seen as having started at the beginning of the 20th century and extends into the 21st century. Among its major
American practitioners who write in English are
869:
in 1789. This form of poetry is known for being the quickest growing type of the past millennium. To this day, lyric poetry is the most used and important of poetries, and is used throughout the world.
409:
1148:
poetry, tales, recitations of various kinds existed long before writing was introduced and these oral forms continued in modified 'oral' forms, even after the establishment of a written literature.
1258:
A small tablet in a special display this month in the
Istanbul Museum of the Ancient Orient is thought to be the oldest love poem ever found, the words of a lover from more than 4,000 years ago.
1517:
543:," or some mix of the two. He also famously, in book X, condemned poetry as evil, being only capable of creating deceptive and ineffectual copies of real-world corollaries.
750:. Scholars are fairly sure, based on a few fragments and on references in historic texts, that much lost secular poetry was set to music, and was spread by traveling
1494:
1429:
Gentz, Joachim (2008). "Ritual
Meaning of Textual Form: Evidence from Early Commentaries of the Historiographic and Ritual Traditions". In Kern, Martin (ed.).
486:
Poetics were an element of theatrical performances of local oral artists, linguists and historians, accompanied by local instruments of the people such as the
579:, which was generally understood as writing with a proclivity to logical explication and global trade. In addition to a boom in translation, during the
1509:
988:
For a recent summary discussion, see Ahl (1996). Others suggest that poetry did not necessarily predate writing. See, for example, Goody (1987).
333:
The efforts of ancient thinkers to determine what makes poetry distinctive as a form, and what distinguishes good poetry from bad, resulted in "
1469:
1438:
1413:
1349:
1314:
1281:
1180:
1141:
652:
they are anonymous, and may show signs of having been edited or polished in the process of fixing them in written characters. Besides the
672:), although some individual pieces or fragments survive in other forms, for example embedded in classical histories or other literature.
1883:
568:(treating comedy and tragedy as subgenres of dramatic poetry). Aristotle's work was influential throughout the Middle East during the
1791:
1766:
1086:
Höivik, Susan; Luger, Kurt (3 June 2009). "Folk Media for
Biodiversity Conservation: A Pilot Project from the Himalaya-Hindu Kush".
261:. Epic poetry appears to have been composed in poetic form as an aid to memorization and oral transmission in ancient societies.
197:
to ensure fertility and prosperity; some have labelled it the world's oldest love poem. An example of
Egyptian epic poetry is
1821:
1671:
596:
128:
1486:
1024:
Beissinger, M.H. (2012). "Oral poetry". Princeton, NJ: The
Princeton encyclopedia of poetry and poetics. pp. 978–981.
1887:
323:
1926:
637:
and songs. This poetry collection comprises 305 poems and songs dating from the 11th to the 7th century
575:
Like
Aristotle, subsequent poets and aestheticians often distinguished poetry from, and defined it in opposition to,
1942:
883:
529:
Classical thinkers employed classification as a way to define and assess the quality of poetry. In book III of the
823:
of Christian hymns, while others were student melodies: folksongs, love songs and drinking ballads. The famous
644:
592:
1644:
91:). Poetry appears among the earliest records of most literate cultures, with poetic fragments found on early
1609:
19:
1242:
1331:
1592:
Conteh-Morgan, John (1994). "African traditional drama and issues in theater and performance criticism".
744:
poetry; in fact a great deal of medieval literature was written in verse, including the Old English epic
1870:
728:
1036:
866:
787:
710:
376:
372:
342:
547:
123:
514:
318:. The Shijing, with its collection of poems and folk songs, was heavily valued by the philosopher
1723:
1626:
1554:
1386:
1103:
1041:
942:
569:
246:
119:
and other oral genres. Others, however, suggest that poetry did not necessarily predate writing.
30:
1607:
Stern, Theodore (October 2009). "Drum and whistle languages: An analysis of speech surrogates".
1461:
1455:
1817:
1787:
1762:
1667:
1465:
1434:
1409:
1345:
1310:
1277:
1271:
1176:
1137:
968:
946:
779:
606:
487:
444:
306:
279:
146:
42:
38:
1341:
1335:
1172:
1133:
337:"—the study of the aesthetics of poetry. Some ancient societies, such as China's through the
1715:
1618:
1544:
1378:
1229:' What I held in my hand was one of the oldest love songs written down by the hand of man .'
1095:
934:
879:
833:
828:
824:
530:
475:
353:
1895:
1306:
898:
783:
681:
565:
361:
198:
914:
348:
686:
Poetry took numerous forms in medieval Europe, for example, lyric and epic poetry. The
1750:
910:
865:
time. There were no real regulations to this new form of poetry, which was invented by
816:
807:
However, much secular poetry was also written in Latin. Some poems and songs, like the
775:
737:
695:
634:
301:
34:
1936:
1912:
1742:
1559:
1209:
1165:
1126:
1107:
930:
808:
465:
400:
384:
286:
232:
175:
1299:
1746:
902:
894:
861:
856:
798:
794:
699:
561:
503:
420:
358:
327:
229:
190:
54:
1622:
918:
906:
890:
837:
691:
687:
601:
580:
557:
502:
drum. Drumming for accompaniment is not to be confused with performances of the
403:
from Nippur, Iraq. Ur III period, 2037–2029 BCE. Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul
257:
159:
116:
1902:
1549:
1532:
1121:
956:
922:
733:
553:
25:
1099:
952:
938:
536:
416:
319:
297:
167:
96:
58:
1906:
1510:"'I don't care': text shows modern poetry began much earlier than believed"
1224:
53:
is believed to have been recited or sung, employed as a way of remembering
1921:
1754:
997:
964:
960:
840:
790:
762:
or lays, and never made it to being recited without song or other music.
751:
723:
518:
269:
251:
134:
112:
92:
1759:
Poetry and Philosophy in the Middle Ages: A festschrift for Peter Dronke
1270:
Chyla, Julia; Rosińska-Balik, Karolina; Debowska-Ludwin, Joanna (2017).
1390:
1366:
746:
741:
658:
540:
436:
387:
writes that an inscribed Greek poem predated Romanos' stressed poetry.
365:
334:
274:
264:
Other forms of poetry, including such ancient collections of religious
219:
214:
171:
81:
1727:
1630:
614:
610:
49:
Poetry as an oral art form likely predates written text. The earliest
844:
820:
759:
718:
499:
315:
292:
241:
236:
194:
50:
1382:
1719:
1004:, replacing the original examples with passages from Arabic poets.
951:
771:
668:
600:
576:
513:
495:
491:
479:
224:
208:
155:
100:
70:
24:
326:. His remarks on the subject have become an invaluable source in
926:
801:
755:
714:
522:
265:
163:
1816:. South Bend, Ind: St. Augustine's Press. p. 1447a-1447b.
1533:"Less Care, More Stress: A Rhythmic Poem From the Roman Empire"
758:, across Europe. Thus, the few poems written eventually became
1786:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 239.
62:
1662:
Butcher, S. H. (trans.); Fergusson, Francis (intro.) (1961).
778:
continued to be written, a new more popular form called the
605:
The character which means "poetry", in the ancient Chinese
300:. The earliest entries in the oldest extant collection of
111:
Some scholars believe that the art of poetry may predate
1406:
A poetics handbook: verbal art in the European tradition
419:
was influential in the developed approach to poetry and
18:
For a more in-depth table of the history of poetry, see
1839:"The Poetry of Wandering Scholars and Wayward Clerics"
1212:(Revised ed.). Penguin Books. 1972. pp. 7–8.
1158:
1156:
539:
genre separated into three types: the "simple," the "
1433:. University of Washington Press. pp. 124–148.
1367:"In Quest of Harmony: Plato and Confucius on Poetry"
1195:
Daniel Seldon UCSC professor of AfroAsiatic studies
1298:
1164:
1125:
698:are known for composing their lyric poetry about
583:period numerous ancient works were rediscovered.
1572:
1570:
189:BCE, describes an annual rite in which the king
1741:Burnett, Charles (2001). "Learned knowledge of
572:, as well as in Europe during the Renaissance.
1167:The Interface Between the Written and the Oral
1128:The Interface Between the Written and the Oral
1073:The Interface Between the Written and the Oral
1000:(Averroes) wrote a commentary on Aristotle's
510:Classical and early modern Western traditions
357:, as well as differences in content spanning
8:
786:metres in which metrical feet were based on
322:and is considered to be one of the official
1784:The Universities of the Italian Renaissance
1798:— for the prominence of Aristotle and the
1297:Ahl, Frederick; Roisman, Hanna M. (1996).
625:, often known by its original name of the
478:is one of the most well-known examples of
468:written during the 25th century
1558:
1548:
1340:(2nd ed.). The Free Press. pp.
587:History and development of Chinese poetry
375:had been thought to be works composed by
371:Until recently, the earliest examples of
245:(written between 29 and 19 BCE); and the
1812:Benardete, Seth; Davis, Michael (2002).
1708:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1016:
981:
633:is the earliest existing collection of
389:
206:Other ancient epics includes the Greek
1666:. New York: Hill and Wang. p. 2.
1485:Jarrett A. Lobell (March–April 2022).
1171:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1132:. Cambridge University Press. p.
836:of the period, such as the unfinished
774:, while verse in the old quantitative
702:usually accompanied by an instrument.
170:script on clay tablets and, later, on
144:. The oldest surviving epic poem, the
1837:Goodrum, R. Gordon (September 1995).
1305:. Cornell University Press. pp.
832:is one example. There are also a few
399:The oldest known love poem. Sumerian
138:and ascribed a date around 2500
7:
797:. These metres were associated with
1706:Latin anthology of Arabic poetry".
1088:International Communication Gazette
296:, possibly developed directly from
1520:from the original on Jan 18, 2024.
1508:Alison Flood (September 8, 2021).
1460:. John Wiley & Sons. pp.
1337:Chinese Civilisation: A Sourcebook
1223:Mark, Joshua J. (13 August 2014).
14:
1497:from the original on Dec 7, 2023.
1276:. Oxbow Books. pp. 159–161.
1273:Current Research in Egyptology 17
1241:Arsu, Şebnem (14 February 2006).
1035:Arsu, Sebnem (14 February 2006).
1920:
1905:
949:write poetry in the lyric form.
843:, which tells us the story of a
428:
408:
392:
33:tablet, carved in stone, of the
1537:The Cambridge Classical Journal
1457:A history of literary criticism
643:. The stylistic development of
609:style. The modern character is
556:identified three major genres:
150:, dates from the 3rd millennium
1802:on the Renaissance curriculum.
1431:Text and Ritual in Early China
1225:"The World's Oldest Love Poem"
1037:"The oldest line in the world"
713:religious poetry includes the
597:Classical Chinese poetry forms
129:Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor
1:
1623:10.1525/aa.1957.59.3.02a00070
1531:Tim Whitmarsh (August 2021).
179:
1894:. April 2014. Archived from
1888:Istanbul Archaeology Museums
662:, another early text is the
535:, Plato defined poetry as a
857:Lyric Poetry § History
193:and mated with the goddess
1961:
1782:Grendler, Paul F. (2004).
1749:, and didactic verse from
1408:. Curzon. pp. 52–53.
1365:Cai, Zong-qi (July 1999).
1243:"Oldest Line in the World"
884:Postmodern American Poetry
877:
854:
782:arose, which was based on
679:
590:
383:6th century CE). However,
115:, and developed from folk
17:
1579:Oral Literature in Africa
1550:10.1017/S1750270521000051
1404:Abondolo, Daniel (2001).
1371:Philosophy East and West
1100:10.1177/1748048509102184
645:Classical Chinese poetry
593:Classical Chinese poetry
1702:Boggess, W.F. (1968). "
1610:American Anthropologist
1581:. Open Book Publishers.
1577:Finnegan, Ruth (2012).
1056:Ahl, Frederick (1996).
464:can be found among the
443:(孔子詩論), discussing the
20:List of years in poetry
1884:"The oldest love poem"
972:
967:verse composed in the
618:
526:
459:Ancient African poetry
401:terracotta tablet#2461
166:), and was written in
46:
1871:History of literature
1454:Habib, Rafey (2005).
1301:The Odyssey Re-Formed
1206:The Epic of Gilgamesh
1058:The Odyssey Re-Formed
955:
937:. Contemporary poets
913:, and Nobel laureate
766:Medieval Latin poetry
729:The Dream of the Rood
604:
517:
122:The oldest surviving
28:
1929:at Wikimedia Commons
1814:Aristotle On poetics
1491:Archaeology Magazine
1163:Goody, Jack (1987).
1071:Goody, Jack (1987).
732:, preserved in both
421:ancient music theory
377:Romanos the Melodist
328:ancient music theory
191:symbolically married
176:Istanbul tablet#2461
1704:Hermannus Alemannus
1689:Aristotle's Poetics
1687:Heath, ed. (1997).
1664:Aristotle's Poetics
917:. Among the modern
874:Modern developments
364:, love poetry, and
200:The Story of Sinuhe
124:speculative fiction
1843:The Choral Journal
1247:The New York Times
1042:The New York Times
973:
943:Kevin Young (poet)
740:. We do have some
706:Old English poetry
664:Songs of the South
619:
570:Islamic Golden Age
527:
324:Confucian classics
314:), were initially
47:
1943:History of poetry
1927:History of poetry
1925:Media related to
1649:www.gutenberg.org
1594:Comparative Drama
1471:978-0-631-23200-1
1440:978-0-295-98787-3
1415:978-0-7007-1223-6
1351:978-0-02-908752-7
1316:978-0-8014-8335-6
1283:978-1-78570-603-5
1182:978-0-521-33794-6
1143:978-0-521-33794-6
969:2nd millennium BC
947:Natasha Trethewey
654:Classic of Poetry
623:Classic of Poetry
607:Great Seal script
451:Classic of Poetry
435:An early Chinese
307:Classic of Poetry
290:, and the Hebrew
147:Epic of Gilgamesh
43:2nd millennium BC
1950:
1924:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1899:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1552:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1487:"Poetic License"
1482:
1476:
1475:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1304:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1208:. Translated by
1202:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1170:
1160:
1151:
1150:
1131:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1005:
995:
989:
986:
935:Giannina Braschi
880:Modernist poetry
829:Gaudeamus igitur
736:form and on the
642:
641:
525:of heroic poetry
476:Epic of Sundiata
473:
472:
432:
415:The philosopher
412:
396:
362:religious poetry
354:Oku no Hosomichi
344:Canterbury Tales
188:
184:
181:
153:
143:
142:
90:
89:
78:
77:
73:(1500–1000
1960:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1933:
1932:
1911:
1904:
1892:museumchick.com
1882:
1879:
1867:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1794:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1383:10.2307/1399898
1364:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1332:Ebrey, Patricia
1330:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1251:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1144:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1008:
996:
992:
987:
983:
978:
899:Wallace Stevens
886:
876:
867:Sir Robert Cite
859:
853:
847:'s adventures.
834:narrative poems
825:commercium song
813:officio lusorum
768:
708:
684:
682:Medieval poetry
678:
676:Medieval poetry
639:
638:
599:
589:
566:dramatic poetry
512:
470:
469:
461:
454:
433:
424:
413:
404:
397:
373:stressed poetry
203:(c. 1800 BCE).
186:
182:
151:
140:
139:
109:
87:
86:
75:
74:
23:
12:
11:
5:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1946:
1945:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1917:
1916:
1901:
1900:
1898:on 2014-04-27.
1878:
1877:External links
1875:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1829:
1822:
1804:
1792:
1774:
1767:
1751:Petrus Alfonsi
1733:
1720:10.2307/598112
1714:(4): 657–670.
1694:
1679:
1672:
1654:
1645:"The Republic"
1636:
1617:(3): 487–506.
1599:
1584:
1566:
1523:
1500:
1477:
1470:
1446:
1439:
1421:
1414:
1396:
1377:(3): 317–345.
1357:
1350:
1323:
1315:
1289:
1282:
1262:
1233:
1215:
1210:Sanders, N. K.
1197:
1188:
1181:
1152:
1142:
1113:
1094:(4): 321–346.
1078:
1063:
1048:
1027:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1006:
990:
980:
979:
977:
974:
911:Allen Ginsberg
875:
872:
855:Main article:
852:
849:
817:Carmina Burana
809:Gambler's Mass
767:
764:
738:Ruthwell Cross
707:
704:
680:Main article:
677:
674:
588:
585:
511:
508:
460:
457:
456:
455:
434:
427:
425:
414:
407:
405:
398:
391:
302:Chinese poetry
278:, the Avestan
268:as the Indian
218:; the Persian
162:, present-day
108:
105:
85:(800–675
35:Gilgamesh epic
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1956:
1955:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1913:Poetry portal
1908:
1903:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1793:0-8018-8055-6
1789:
1785:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1768:90-04-11964-7
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1743:Arabic poetry
1737:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1695:
1690:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1603:
1600:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1293:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1003:
999:
994:
991:
985:
982:
975:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
931:Derek Walcott
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
885:
881:
873:
871:
868:
863:
858:
850:
848:
846:
842:
839:
835:
831:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
805:
803:
800:
796:
792:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
770:In medieval
765:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
748:
743:
739:
735:
731:
730:
726:and the poem
725:
721:
720:
716:
712:
705:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
683:
675:
673:
671:
670:
665:
661:
660:
655:
649:
646:
636:
635:Chinese poems
632:
628:
624:
616:
612:
608:
603:
598:
594:
586:
584:
582:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:aestheticians
551:
550:
544:
542:
538:
534:
533:
524:
520:
516:
509:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
484:
481:
477:
467:
466:Pyramid Texts
458:
452:
448:
447:
442:
441:Kǒngzǐ Shīlùn
438:
431:
426:
422:
418:
411:
406:
402:
395:
390:
388:
386:
385:Tim Whitmarsh
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
360:
356:
355:
350:
346:
345:
340:
336:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
308:
303:
299:
295:
294:
289:
288:
287:Hurrian songs
283:
282:
277:
276:
271:
267:
262:
260:
259:
254:
253:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:national epic
231:
227:
226:
221:
217:
216:
211:
210:
204:
202:
201:
196:
192:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
149:
148:
137:
136:
132:, written in
131:
130:
125:
120:
118:
114:
106:
104:
102:
98:
94:
84:
83:
72:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
21:
16:
1896:the original
1891:
1851:. Retrieved
1846:
1842:
1832:
1813:
1807:
1799:
1783:
1777:
1758:
1747:rhymed prose
1736:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1688:
1682:
1663:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1593:
1587:
1578:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1514:The Guardian
1513:
1503:
1490:
1480:
1462:607–609, 620
1456:
1449:
1430:
1424:
1405:
1399:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1336:
1326:
1300:
1292:
1272:
1265:
1257:
1250:. Retrieved
1246:
1236:
1228:
1218:
1205:
1200:
1191:
1166:
1147:
1127:
1116:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1072:
1066:
1057:
1051:
1040:
1030:
1019:
1001:
993:
984:
915:Louise Glück
903:Maya Angelou
895:Robert Frost
887:
862:Lyric poetry
860:
851:Lyric poetry
827:
812:
806:
795:vowel length
793:rather than
769:
745:
727:
717:
709:
700:courtly love
685:
667:
663:
657:
653:
650:
630:
626:
622:
620:
574:
562:lyric poetry
548:
545:
531:
528:
504:talking drum
485:
474:, while the
462:
450:
445:
440:
380:
370:
352:
349:Matsuo Bashō
343:
338:
332:
311:
305:
291:
285:
280:
273:
263:
256:
250:
247:Indian epics
240:
223:
213:
207:
205:
199:
178:, dating to
145:
133:
127:
126:poem is the
121:
110:
107:Early poetry
80:
67:
55:oral history
48:
15:
1543:: 135–163.
1122:Goody, Jack
907:June Jordan
815:) from the
711:Old English
696:minnesänger
688:troubadours
558:Epic poetry
258:Mahabharata
222:books (the
160:Mesopotamia
1823:1587310260
1673:0809005271
1012:References
957:Manuscript
923:Ezra Pound
921:poets are
891:T.S. Eliot
878:See also:
734:manuscript
694:, and the
591:See also:
298:folk songs
272:-language
97:runestones
1761:. BRILL.
1560:242230189
1108:143947520
998:Ibn Rushd
976:Footnotes
939:Joy Harjo
799:Christian
791:syllables
784:accentual
752:minstrels
692:trouvères
541:imitative
537:narrative
417:Confucius
320:Confucius
168:cuneiform
93:monoliths
79:) to the
59:genealogy
1937:Category
1865:See also
1853:26 April
1755:Petrarch
1518:Archived
1495:Archived
1334:(1993).
1124:(1987).
965:Sanskrit
961:Rig Veda
841:Ruodlieb
821:parodies
788:stressed
780:sequence
724:Cynewulf
581:Romantic
532:Republic
519:Calliope
498:and the
270:Sanskrit
255:and the
252:Ramayana
212:and the
135:Hieratic
113:literacy
41:, circa
39:Akkadian
1800:Poetics
1391:1399898
1002:Poetics
959:of the
819:, were
802:hymnody
760:ballads
747:Beowulf
742:secular
659:Shijing
549:Poetics
546:In his
446:Shijing
437:poetics
339:Shijing
335:poetics
312:Shijing
275:Rigveda
228:); the
220:Avestan
215:Odyssey
172:papyrus
154:BCE in
82:Odyssey
1886:. The
1820:
1790:
1765:
1728:598112
1726:
1670:
1631:665914
1629:
1557:
1468:
1437:
1412:
1389:
1348:
1313:
1280:
1179:
1140:
1106:
945:, and
933:, and
845:knight
776:meters
719:Christ
631:Poetry
617:(shī).
564:, and
521:, the
500:djembe
494:, the
490:, the
439:, the
359:Tanakh
316:lyrics
304:, the
293:Psalms
284:, the
281:Gathas
249:, the
242:Aeneid
237:Virgil
195:Inanna
187:
183:
174:. The
152:
101:stelae
99:, and
61:, and
51:poetry
31:Deluge
1724:JSTOR
1627:JSTOR
1555:S2CID
1387:JSTOR
1342:11–13
1252:1 May
1104:S2CID
772:Latin
756:bards
754:, or
669:Chuci
666:(or,
656:, or
577:prose
496:mbira
492:xalam
480:griot
266:hymns
230:Roman
225:Yasna
209:Iliad
156:Sumer
117:epics
71:Vedas
1855:2023
1818:ISBN
1788:ISBN
1763:ISBN
1668:ISBN
1466:ISBN
1435:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1346:ISBN
1311:ISBN
1307:1–26
1278:ISBN
1254:2015
1177:ISBN
1138:ISBN
927:H.D.
919:epic
882:and
838:epic
715:poem
627:Odes
621:The
595:and
523:muse
488:kora
347:and
185:2000
164:Iraq
158:(in
29:The
1849:: 9
1757:".
1753:to
1716:doi
1619:doi
1545:doi
1379:doi
1096:doi
722:by
640:BCE
629:or
471:BCE
381:fl.
366:rap
351:'s
239:'s
141:BCE
88:BCE
76:BCE
63:law
37:in
1939::
1890:.
1847:36
1845:.
1841:.
1745:,
1722:.
1712:88
1710:.
1647:.
1625:.
1615:59
1613:.
1569:^
1553:.
1541:67
1539:.
1535:.
1516:.
1512:.
1493:.
1489:.
1464:.
1385:.
1375:49
1373:.
1369:.
1344:.
1309:.
1256:.
1245:.
1227:.
1175:.
1173:98
1155:^
1146:.
1136:.
1134:78
1102:.
1092:71
1090:.
1039:.
963:,
941:,
929:,
925:,
909:,
905:,
901:,
897:,
893:,
804:.
690:,
560:,
368:.
330:.
235:,
180:c.
103:.
95:,
57:,
1857:.
1826:.
1796:.
1771:.
1730:.
1718::
1691:.
1676:.
1651:.
1633:.
1621::
1596:.
1563:.
1547::
1474:.
1443:.
1418:.
1393:.
1381::
1354:.
1321:.
1319:.
1286:.
1185:.
1110:.
1098::
1075:.
1060:.
1045:.
971:.
811:(
615:诗
613:/
611:詩
453:)
449:(
423:.
379:(
310:(
45:.
22:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
