235:
426:
121:, jointly signed by Israel and the Palestinians. At present, this is the only Jewish community located inside a Palestinian city. Today, some 1,100 Jews live in Hebron, including 350 students of the Yeshivat Shavei Hebron, all in the H2 area under Israeli control. Approximately 40,000 Palestinians also live in the H2 area (in addition to 215,000 in H1, the Palestinian part of Hebron.
328:, established an alliance with a former Edomite leader and the area was handed over to him. However, it was conquered soon after and burned down by the Romans. Many Jewish captives were sold into slavery in the Hebron marketplace. After the Great Revolt, Hebron became a small town known as "Abramium."
673:
On August 24, 1929, Arabs from Hebron attacked and murdered 59 of their Jewish neighbors, with eight more dying later of their injuries. 44 were seriously injured and 21 others survived with light injuries. The victims were buried in four rows in Hebron's ancient Jewish cemetery. A separate grave was
501:
was established in Hebron. This community became the center of the Chabad dynasty in the Land of Israel. Rabbi Chaim Yeshua Bejio, then the head of the city's
Sephardic and Portuguese community acquired various plots of land in Hebron. In 1807, he bought a 5-dunam plot, where the wholesale vegetable
529:
who ruled with a heavy hand, collecting patronage fees from the farmers and ransom from the Jews. On the 14th of Kislev, the Jewish community declared a new holiday, "Purim Takah" โ "Purim of the latch" โ after a bag of silver found next to a latch in the fence of the Jewish courtyard contained the
257:
The importance of Hebron during the
Kingdom of Judah is evident from the clay jar handles found there, stamped with "for the king" and "Hebron". These seals date back to the reign of Hezekiah, King of Judah, in the 8th to 9th century BCE. Over 1,200 jar handles with the royal seal, reading "for the
609:
was a supporter of the yeshiva with an eye to strengthening Jewish settlement in Hebron. By the summer of 1925, enrollment was up to 120. The yeshiva attracted Jewish newcomers to the city and served as an important source of income for the local Arabs, from whom the students rented apartments and
476:
prohibited Jews from entering the Cave of
Patriarchs. Jews remained banned from the site until the 20th century. In the 16th century, Rabbi Solomon Adeni lived and worked in Hebron. Rabbi Chaim Joseph David Azulai of Hebron was sent to Europe as a Jewish emissary. In those days, most of the Jewish
569:, settled in Hebron and established a study hall, donating his extensive library to the city. In 1854, Eliyahu Mani was appointed Chief Rabbi of the Hebron community. He was active in building synagogues and fundraising. By this time, the Jewish quarter was a gated community. Around 1889, a
533:
In 1846 al-Rahman was banished from Hebron. At the beginning of 1852 he was imprisoned by the government and a
Turkish ruler was appointed in his place. A few days later he fled from Jerusalem, deposed the new governor, drove out the mufti and imposed steep fines on the residents, especially the
681:," was moved to Jerusalem. Jewish properties and homes were looted by rioters. The Hadassah building became an Arab girls' school, the Abraham Avinu synagogue was destroyed and used as a goat pen, and the Jewish cemetery was vandalized and desecrated.
367:
described a visit to Hebron in his travelogue "Meshullam's
Journey in the Land of Israel." He visited the Cave of the Patriarchs with the "guardian of the cave" and made a sketch of it. He found 20 Jewish families living in the city at that time. When
580:, the number dropped to 430. In 1901, Chaim Hezekiah Medini was appointed Chief Rabbi of Hebron, a position he held until his death. Medini opened a yeshiva in Beit Romano and completed the writing of a large Talmudic encyclopedia, "Sdei Chemed".
620:
documented an entire street in Hebron inhabited by
Muslims who were thought to be of Jewish ancestry. Forced to convert to Islam against their will several generations earlier, possibly around 150 years prior, they were known as the
541:
and other newspapers. Al-Rahman was referred to in code as "the Black Rabbi." Despite the protection money paid to him, he continued to confiscate Jewish property. In the wake of these events, some
Hebronite Jews resettled in the
340:
period, when a church was built over the Cave of the
Patriarchs, the authorities allowed the Jews to pray in one part of it. A synagogue was established near the entrance to the Cave, but it was converted into a church after the
625:(ุงูู
ุฎุชุงุณุจูู), meaning "those who give their law to heaven". They continued to use this name in their signatures. The same family was also mentioned by Eliyahu Yehoshua Levanon, who wrote in 1937 that the
573:
yeshiva, "Magen Avot," was established by Rabbi Shimon
Menashe Chaikin and his student Rabbi Shlomo Yehuda Leib Elazarov. The institution consisted of a higher yeshiva and a Talmud Torah for children.
289:, settlement in Hebron and surroundings was renewed. The inhabitants of the city were among those asked to send one in ten to Jerusalem to assist in its rehabilitation. However, it is assumed that the
613:
In 1927, the
Ashkenazi and Sephardic communities formed the General Committee for the United Hebrew Community in Hebron. Rabbi Meir Shmuel Kashmir and Rabbi Yaakov Yosef Slonim served as chairmen.
1043:
1264:
According to Muslim tradition, the Tamimi family received all the lands of Mount Hebron from Muhammad. Thus in the 12th century book: The History of Damascus, by the Muslim historian Ibn Askari
587:) established its fourth branch in Hebron. In 1911, the Chabad yeshiva "Torat Emet" was founded there. Blueprints were drawn up to build housing and a hotel, but the plan never materialized.
316:
waged war against the Edomites, who were given the choice of expulsion or conversion. Thus, Hebron became a Jewish city, with a population that included former Edomites. During the
893:
Shai, Itzick; Ben-Shlomo, David; Maeir, Aren M. (2012). "Late Iron Age Judean Cooking Pots with Impressed Handles: A New Class of Stamped Impressions from the Kingdom of Judah".
554:
For seven years, Abd al-Rahman fought with his brother, Salem, over control of Hebron during which the plunder of Jewish property continued. The Jews of Hebron turned to the
513:, he saved the city's Jews from an attack by the local Arabs. From then on, the Jews commemorated that day, the 19th of Iyar, as the "Purim of Ibrahim." In 1834, during the
1732:
594:
erupted, the Ottomans expelled many Hebron Jews with foreign citizenship and "Torat Emet" closed down. Those who remained faced conscription to the Ottoman army.
605:
In the summer of 1924, ten students from the Slobodka yeshiva in Jerusalem established another branch of the yeshiva in Hebron headed by Rabbi Sarna. Zionist leader
633:
and converted to Islam 150 years earlier. He estimated their number to be around 300 people. In another book, Levanon recounts an Arab driver from the same family,
1275:
118:
810:
According to the sages of the Talmud, only Caleb ben Yifuna came to the city, to pray on the graves of ancestors (Talmud Babili, Tractate Sota, page 44, page 2)
399:
grew up to the west of the Cave of Patriarchs, along the route of a water conduit. The land on which the Jewish quarter was built was purchased from the Arabs.
198:
143:
858:
Lipschits, Oded; Sergi, Omer; Koch, Ido (June 2011). "Judahite Stamped and Incised Jar Handles: A Tool for Studying the History of Late Monarchic Judah".
449:
period (1516-1917), Jews from all over Palestine and other countries settled in Hebron, which became a center of Jewish learning. In 1540, Rabbi
103:
689:
In 1937, Eliyahu Yehoshua Levanon documented various customs prevalent within the ancient Jewish community of Hebron. These practices included:
1703:
1522:
1468:
1356:
1187:
910:
403:
502:
market of Hebron is located today. In May 1811, he bought 800 dunams of land from the Hebronite Tamimi family. This area included today's
506:(Biblical Hebron) and the Tomb of Jesse. Rabbi Bejio paid for the land out of his own pocket and transferred ownership to the community.
1737:
1727:
201:. The biblical narratives states that the city was completely destroyed, leaving no living soul. As was part of the inheritance of the
998:
The archaeology of biblical Hebron in the Bronze and Iron ages: An examination of the discoveries of the American Expedition to Hebron
1612:
478:
514:
414:
1742:
583:
In 1907, as the city developed economically and the Zionist Organization became active, the Eretz Israel Workers' Association (
517:, Arabs from Hebron carried out a pogrom in which 12 Jews were killed. At time the Jewish population numbered only 750 people.
610:
purchased goods. Friendly relations developed between the Jews and Arabs, who invited each other to family celebrations.
457:
who had lived there since the 10th century, creating what became known as the Jewish courtyard. Here he established the
396:
677:
Three days after the massacre, the British authorities ordered all Jews to leave Hebron. Knesset Israel, now known as "
704:
1626:
317:
213:. However, being one of the Levite cities of refuge, it was shared by Caleb and the priests who won the city by lot.
1722:
819:
369:
28:
558:
for help. In 1855, the Ottomans decided to put an end to the chaos and sent in military forces to restore order.
56:
219:
was anointed king and established his first capital in Hebron. He reigned for seven years until the conquest of
234:
458:
429:
91:
1067:
166:. Isaac also established his residence in Hebron, hence the city is known as the "City of the Patriarchs."
1652:
1143:
722:, potentially due to its pagan associations or its historical connection to the sale of Jews into slavery.
510:
301:
tribes on their ancient land east of the Jordan. The Edomites also took control of most of the area up to
139:
725:
An anecdote noting the synagogue shamash's (attendant) habit of expressing joyous laughter following the
80:
543:
364:
250:
996:
668:
538:
462:
99:
68:
1203:
1588:
1243:ืืืกืฃ ืืืจ ืืจืื, ืืกืืืืช ืื"ื ืืืืจืื ืืจืืฉืืช ืืืืฉืื ืืื"ืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื ืขื ืฉื ืช 1866, ืืืืืช, ืชื ืืืื 2001.
487:
of Eastern Europe. In the late 18th century, Rabbi Avraham Gershon of Kitov, brother-in-law of the
425:
407:
875:
606:
273:, Egypt, lists among the cities he conquered "Field of Abraham," possibly referring to Hebron.
1699:
1518:
1464:
1352:
1183:
1124:
1002:
906:
477:
residents of Palestine depended on donations from overseas Jewish communities, especially the
450:
360:
228:
76:
576:
By 1895, the Jewish population of Hebron was 1,429 (810 Sephardim and 619 Ashkenazim). After
1456:
950:
898:
867:
537:
Requests for help were sent to Jewish communities around the world, which were published in
388:
384:
337:
246:
174:
64:
1538:
1020:
617:
498:
454:
349:
325:
309:
787:
674:
dug for severed limbs, soil, blood-soaked clothes, and items removed from Jewish homes.
983:
712:
693:
678:
482:
466:
446:
380:
262:
202:
95:
87:
356:, may trace its lineage back to Jewish ancestors who fled Hebron during the Crusades.
258:
king," were discovered. It is believed the jars contained oil and wine for royal use.
197:
during his battle against the five Amorite kings of the south. The king of Hebron was
117:
nearby. The presence of a Jewish neighborhood in Hebron was explicitly set out in the
35:. The biblical tradition asserts that the cave is the final resting site for Abraham,
1716:
879:
871:
566:
488:
353:
313:
719:
562:
555:
526:
321:
294:
269:, the first king of Egypt, conquered Jerusalem in 926 BCE. An inscription found in
926:
839:
Book of Joshua, chapter 21, verse 10 Book of Chronicles 1, chapter 6, verses 39-11
1291:
648:
591:
577:
503:
312:
who destroyed the city and its fortifications. In 112 BCE, the Hasmonean prince
114:
110:
830:
The book of Joshua, chapter 11, verse 21; Book of Joshua, chapter 15, verse 14.
1460:
1204:"ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื ืืฉืื ืืชืื โ ืืืจืืืฅ, ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืื ืคืื ืืก, 1880โ1918 (page 260 of 382)"
902:
643:, he is one of the last Arabs educated among Jews, allowing him to recite the
584:
298:
170:
23:
almost continuously, from Biblical times until today. According to the Bible,
1384:
1128:
546:
and HaGai (al-Wad) Street was called "Hebron Street" by the Jews until 1948.
113:, Jewish settlement in the city was renewed, along with the establishment of
1006:
750:
The Hebron Book: the City of the Fathers and its Settlement through the Ages
238:
224:
220:
210:
1092:"HebrewBooks.org Sefer Detail: ืืกืข ืืฉืืื ืืืืืืจื โ ืืฉืื ืื ืื ืื, ืืืืืืจื"
727:
708:
655:
630:
342:
302:
286:
242:
75:, underwent a significant shift as its population embraced Judaism under
60:
1515:
Reshaping Palestine: From Muhammad Ali to the British Mandate, 1831โ1922
731:
ceremony, symbolizing wishes for a prosperous and joy-filled week ahead.
469:
after 1948, and rebuilt after the renewal of Jewish settlement in 1967.
1160:
266:
182:
155:
135:
44:
24:
106:
in 1936, the last Jews left the city, with only one family remaining.
697:
638:
570:
495:
433:
392:
376:
270:
194:
190:
186:
178:
20:
1402:
1091:
406:, following the Mamluk defeat of the Turks, the Jews of Hebron were
281:
When Jewish exiles from Babylon returned to the Land of Israel with
1121:
Masaสป Meshulam mi-แนพolแนญerah be-สปErets Yiลraสผel bi-shenat 241 (1481)
644:
494:
In the early 19th century, an Ashkenazi community affiliated with
424:
410:
and their property was looted. Those who survived fled to Beirut.
395:," was abandoned at this time and a Jewish quarter established by
336:
Jewish settlement in Hebron was sparse during this period. In the
216:
206:
159:
151:
147:
90:, Jews from Spain established a community in Hebron and built the
52:
40:
36:
32:
473:
290:
282:
163:
72:
48:
1543:ืฉืืจ ืืฉืื: ืืืืจืื ืืคืจืงืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืขืืจื ืื"ื ืืืืงืจ ืืืืืืช
1025:ืฉืืจ ืืฉืื: ืืืืจืื ืืคืจืงืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืขืืจื ืื"ื ืืืืงืจ ืืืืืืช
297:, which was empty of Jews, perhaps due to the pressure of the
762:
363:
reported finding one Jewish dyer in the city. In 1481, Rabbi
951:"ืืฉืืื ืืื ื / ืืืืกืก ืขื ืืชืจืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืฉื ืืฆืืง ืืขืงืื ืคืจืขื ืงืื"
525:
In 1840, Hebron was taken over by 'Abd al-Rahman al-'Amr of
1068:"ืืืจืืช ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื โ ืืขืจื, ืืืจืื, 1899โ1966 (page 79 of 565)"
1613:"President Herbert Hoover Silent on 1929 Hebron Massacre"
1227:
1225:
1223:
590:
In July 1914, the Jewish population numbered 1,500. When
94:. In the 19th century, the community expanded to include
1451:
Kupferschmidt, Uri M. (1987). "Islam on the Defensive".
193:(giants), lived at that time. The city was conquered by
1696:
Hebron Jews: Memory and Conflict in the Land of Israel
711:
as they made their way to the synagogue courtyard for
602:
In December 1917, Hebron was captured by the British.
150:
there and was later buried there himself, followed by
98:. In the summer of 1929, local Muslims carried out a
1292:"About the Cave of the Patriarchs and what is in it"
142:(Me'arat HaMachpela) and the surrounding field from
1031:] (in Hebrew). ืชื ืืืื ืชืจืค"ื. pp. 407โ413.
637:. He adds that despite being considered one of the
372:visited in 1521, he also found 20 Jewish families.
1349:Whose Land?: A History of the Peoples of Palestine
696:demonstrating an impressive familiarity with the
1679:(in Hebrew). ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื ืืคืืก ืืชืืื. p. 23.
1564:(in Hebrew). ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื ืืคืืก ืืชืืื. p. 47.
1549:] (in Hebrew). ืชื ืืืื ืชืจืค"ื. p. 409.
530:exact amount that the governor was demanding.
1117:ืืกืข ืืฉืืื ืืืืืืจื ืืืจืฅึพืืฉืจืื ืืฉื ืช ืจืืดื (1481)
8:
1115:ืื ืื (ืืฐืืจื), ืืฉืืื ืื; ืืขืจื, ืืืจืื (1948).
509:In 1831, when Hebron came under the rule of
227:, at which point Jerusalem was declared the
63:'s time indicate Hebron's importance in the
752:. Keter Publication, Jerusalem (in Hebrew).
700:, reciting them from memory with precision.
417:in 1525, in the wake of a plague epidemic.
375:In the 15th century, Jewish refugees from
1733:History of the Jews in Palestine (region)
895:'Go Out and Study the Land' (Judges 18:2)
1639:
1438:
1371:
1252:
1231:
345:conquest, and the Jews were driven out.
233:
79:rule. The city was destroyed during the
55:'s first capital, where he was anointed
1698:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
1503:, ืืืฆืืช ืคืืืืืื, ืืจืืฉืืื 2001, ืขื' 130.
1490:, ืืืฆืืช ืคืืืืืื, ืืจืืฉืืื 2009, ืขื' 118.
741:
391:. The ancient city hill, known as the "
1627:"October 7 Happened Before, in Hebron"
479:Sephardic community in the Netherlands
324:(66โ70 CE), one of the rebel leaders,
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1482:
1480:
1316:
1314:
1155:
1153:
352:, a Palestinian Muslim clan based in
7:
848:Book of Samuel 2, chapter 2, verse 5
402:In 1517, in the final phases of the
387:period, Hebron was named one of the
308:In 164 BCE, Hebron was conquered by
1403:"ืืื ืฉื ืื ืืืฉืืืช 'ืชืืจืช ืืืช' ืืืืจืื"
249:, mentioning Hebron (below, in the
19:refers to the residence of Jews in
332:Late Antiquity and Medieval period
14:
461:, which was destroyed during the
293:migrated to the southern part of
134:According to biblical tradition,
17:The history of the Jews in Hebron
1123:] (in Hebrew). ืืืกื ืืืืืืง.
872:10.1179/033443511x12931017059468
718:A tradition among Jews to avoid
27:settled in Hebron and purchased
1429:, ืืืฆืืช ืคืืืืืื, 2001, ืขื' 107.
1180:Encyclopedia of the Black Death
472:In the early 16th century, the
241:, stamped by the government of
59:. Archaeological findings from
31:as a burial place for his wife
1351:. Penguin Books. p. 227.
383:arrived in Hebron. During the
100:massacre of the Jews of Hebron
51:. Hebron is also mentioned as
1:
1589:"The Hebron Massacre of 1929"
1182:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
1044:"ืื ืืื ืืื ืืขืจืืื 'ืืืืืืื'?"
653:from memory, as well as sing
515:Peasantsโ revolt in Palestine
1694:Auerbach, Jerold S. (2009).
1593:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
1165:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
995:Chadwick, Jeffrey R (1992).
138:in Hebron. He purchased the
1675:ืืืืฉืข ืืื ืื, ืืืืื (1937).
1560:ืืืืฉืข ืืื ืื, ืืืืื (1937).
1161:"Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town"
102:. With the outbreak of the
86:In the 16th century, under
1759:
1738:Jews and Judaism in Hebron
1728:Jews in the Land of Israel
1453:The Supreme Muslim Council
666:
598:The British Mandate period
146:. Abraham buried his wife
29:the Cave of the Patriarchs
1461:10.1163/9789004661486_015
1178:Byrne, Joseph P. (2012).
927:"ืงื ืงื ืื ืขื ืืืืขืืช "ืืืื""
903:10.1163/9789004214132_015
453:bought property from the
177:arrived in Hebron, where
43:, and their wivesโSarah,
1324:, Chapter 9, pp. 158โ150
1308:, Chapter 9, pp. 143โ144
820:eastons-bible-dictionary
556:British Jewish community
397:Jews expelled from Spain
205:, Hebron was awarded to
1517:. Bloomsbury Academic.
1513:Sicker, Martin (1999).
1042:Sar-Avi, Doron (2019).
973:Sefer Hashmonaim, 6, 62
788:"ืืขืื ืืื ืืฆืืคืืืช ืืืจืื"
748:Avisar A. (ed.), 1970:
459:Abraham Avinu synagogue
430:Abraham Avinu Synagogue
92:Abraham Avinu Synagogue
1743:Jewish history by city
1347:Parkes, James (1970).
1277:ืืกืขื ื ืืฆืจืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื
1144:Encyclopaedia Hebraica
437:
254:
140:Cave of the Patriarchs
1274:Michael, Ish-Shalom.
707:reciting portions of
544:Old City of Jerusalem
521:Rule of Abd al-Rahman
428:
365:Meshullam of Volterra
237:
1653:"ืืืกืฃ ืชืขืืืืช ืืืืจืื"
1455:. pp. 221โ254.
1337:, Chapter 9, pp. 264
897:. pp. 225โ244.
669:1929 Hebron massacre
663:1929 Hebron massacre
539:the Jewish Chronicle
463:1929 Hebron massacre
441:Early Ottoman period
370:Rabbi Moses Basola's
277:Second Temple period
71:, Hebron, initially
69:Second Temple period
1574:ืืืืื ืืืืฉืข ืืื ืื,
1208:www.hebrewbooks.org
1096:www.hebrewbooks.org
1072:www.hebrewbooks.org
767:ืืืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืืืจืื
635:al-muแธฅtasib bi-llฤh
561:In 1852, Rabbi Dr.
550:Late Ottoman period
491:, lived in Hebron.
318:Great Jewish Revolt
251:Paleo-Hebrew script
1391:. 25 January 2024.
607:Menachem Ussishkin
438:
408:violently attacked
404:Ottoman-Mamluk War
379:who worked in the
255:
144:Ephron the Hittite
109:Shortly after the
1723:History of Hebron
1705:978-0-7425-6617-0
1524:978-0-275-96639-3
1488:ืืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืืืื
1470:978-90-04-66148-6
1358:978-0-14-021089-7
1189:978-1-59884-254-8
912:978-90-04-21413-2
451:Malkiel Ashkenazi
415:Jews fled to Gaza
361:Samuel ben Samson
261:According to the
229:capital of Israel
171:Exodus from Egypt
81:JewishโRoman wars
1750:
1709:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1585:
1579:
1576:"ืืืฉืขืืื ืืืืืืช"
1572:
1566:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1510:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1484:
1475:
1474:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1427:ื ืกืื ืืืืืช ืืชืืจื
1425:ืฉืืขืื ืืืกืฃ ืืืจ,
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1399:
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1392:
1381:
1375:
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1362:
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1235:
1229:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1157:
1148:
1141:"Hebron" in the
1139:
1133:
1132:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1064:
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1039:
1033:
1032:
1017:
1011:
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992:
986:
980:
974:
971:
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940:
938:
937:
923:
917:
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883:
855:
849:
846:
840:
837:
831:
828:
822:
817:
811:
808:
802:
801:
799:
798:
784:
778:
777:
775:
774:
759:
753:
746:
703:Observations of
389:Four Holy Cities
175:The Twelve Spies
65:Kingdom of Judah
1758:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1713:
1712:
1706:
1693:
1690:
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1684:
1674:
1673:
1660:
1651:
1650:
1646:
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1634:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1597:
1595:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1539:Ben-Zvi, Itzhak
1537:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1501:ืืืฉืืื ืจืื ืืืืจ
1498:
1494:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1424:
1420:
1411:
1409:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1383:
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1378:
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1341:
1332:
1328:
1319:
1312:
1303:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1140:
1136:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1100:
1098:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1076:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1052:
1050:
1048:Segula Magazine
1041:
1040:
1036:
1021:Ben-Zvi, Itzhak
1019:
1018:
1014:
994:
993:
989:
981:
977:
972:
968:
959:
957:
949:
948:
944:
935:
933:
925:
924:
920:
913:
892:
891:
887:
857:
856:
852:
847:
843:
838:
834:
829:
825:
818:
814:
809:
805:
796:
794:
786:
785:
781:
772:
770:
761:
760:
756:
747:
743:
738:
705:Babylonian Jews
687:
671:
665:
600:
552:
523:
443:
423:
359:In 1211, Rabbi
350:Makhamra family
334:
326:Simon Bar Giora
314:John Hyrcanus I
310:Judas Maccabeus
279:
132:
130:Biblical period
127:
12:
11:
5:
1756:
1754:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1704:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1658:
1644:
1632:
1618:
1604:
1580:
1567:
1552:
1530:
1523:
1505:
1499:ืฉืืืืืช ืืืจืื,
1492:
1476:
1469:
1443:
1431:
1418:
1394:
1376:
1364:
1357:
1339:
1326:
1310:
1297:
1283:
1280:. p. 177.
1266:
1257:
1245:
1236:
1219:
1195:
1188:
1170:
1149:
1134:
1107:
1083:
1059:
1034:
1012:
987:
984:Jerusalem Post
975:
966:
955:www.daat.ac.il
942:
918:
911:
885:
850:
841:
832:
823:
812:
803:
779:
754:
740:
739:
737:
734:
733:
732:
723:
716:
713:Kiddush levana
701:
694:Sephardic Jews
686:
683:
679:Hebron Yeshiva
664:
661:
599:
596:
551:
548:
522:
519:
467:Jordanian rule
465:, razed under
442:
439:
422:
421:Ottoman period
419:
381:glass industry
333:
330:
278:
275:
203:tribe of Judah
131:
128:
126:
123:
96:Ashkenazi Jews
57:king of Israel
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1755:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1678:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1642:, p. 65.
1641:
1640:Auerbach 2009
1636:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1547:She'ar Yeshuv
1544:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1444:
1441:, p. 60.
1440:
1439:Auerbach 2009
1435:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1408:
1407:www.inn.co.il
1404:
1398:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1374:, p. 57.
1373:
1372:Auerbach 2009
1368:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1335:Stirring Time
1330:
1327:
1323:
1322:Stirring Time
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1306:Stirring Time
1301:
1298:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1255:, p. 45.
1254:
1253:Auerbach 2009
1249:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1234:, p. 40.
1233:
1232:Auerbach 2009
1228:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1162:
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1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1029:She'ar Yeshuv
1026:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1000:
999:
991:
988:
985:
979:
976:
970:
967:
956:
952:
946:
943:
932:
931:lib.cet.ac.il
928:
922:
919:
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908:
904:
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896:
889:
886:
881:
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873:
869:
865:
861:
854:
851:
845:
842:
836:
833:
827:
824:
821:
816:
813:
807:
804:
793:
792:myesha.org.il
789:
783:
780:
768:
764:
758:
755:
751:
745:
742:
735:
730:
729:
724:
721:
720:Eshel Abraham
717:
714:
710:
706:
702:
699:
695:
692:
691:
690:
684:
682:
680:
675:
670:
662:
660:
658:
657:
652:
651:
646:
642:
641:
636:
632:
628:
624:
623:al-muแธฅtasibฤซn
619:
614:
611:
608:
603:
597:
595:
593:
588:
586:
581:
579:
574:
572:
568:
567:early Zionist
564:
559:
557:
549:
547:
545:
540:
535:
531:
528:
520:
518:
516:
512:
511:Ibrahim Pasha
507:
505:
500:
497:
492:
490:
489:Baal Shem Tov
486:
485:
480:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
440:
435:
431:
427:
420:
418:
416:
411:
409:
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382:
378:
373:
371:
366:
362:
357:
355:
351:
346:
344:
339:
331:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
276:
274:
272:
268:
264:
263:Book of Kings
259:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:Abraham lived
129:
124:
122:
120:
119:Hebron Accord
116:
112:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:. During the
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
1695:
1676:
1647:
1635:
1621:
1607:
1596:. Retrieved
1592:
1583:
1575:
1570:
1561:
1555:
1546:
1542:
1533:
1514:
1508:
1500:
1495:
1487:
1452:
1446:
1434:
1426:
1421:
1410:. Retrieved
1406:
1397:
1388:
1379:
1367:
1348:
1342:
1334:
1333:James Finn,
1329:
1321:
1320:James Finn,
1305:
1304:James Finn,
1300:
1286:
1276:
1269:
1260:
1248:
1239:
1211:. Retrieved
1207:
1198:
1179:
1173:
1164:
1142:
1137:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1099:. Retrieved
1095:
1086:
1075:. Retrieved
1071:
1062:
1051:. Retrieved
1047:
1037:
1028:
1024:
1015:
997:
990:
978:
969:
958:. Retrieved
954:
945:
934:. Retrieved
930:
921:
894:
888:
863:
859:
853:
844:
835:
826:
815:
806:
795:. Retrieved
791:
782:
771:. Retrieved
766:
757:
749:
744:
726:
688:
676:
672:
654:
649:
645:Shema prayer
639:
634:
626:
622:
615:
612:
604:
601:
589:
582:
575:
563:Yehuda Bibas
560:
553:
536:
532:
524:
508:
493:
483:
474:Islamic Waqf
471:
444:
413:Many Hebron
412:
401:
374:
358:
347:
335:
320:against the
307:
295:Mount Hebron
280:
260:
256:
215:
168:
133:
108:
88:Ottoman rule
85:
16:
15:
1677:ืืืงืื ืืืจืื
1562:ืืืงืื ืืืจืื
1385:"West Bank"
866:(1): 5โ41.
769:(in Hebrew)
650:Ma Nishtana
592:World War I
578:World War I
504:Tel Rumeida
445:During the
115:Kiryat Arba
111:Six-Day War
104:Arab Revolt
1717:Categories
1598:2023-12-17
1412:2023-12-15
1389:Britannica
1213:2023-12-15
1101:2023-11-26
1077:2023-11-26
1053:2024-02-18
1001:(Thesis).
960:2023-11-26
936:2023-11-26
797:2023-11-26
773:2023-11-26
736:References
667:See also:
629:came from
627:muแธฅtasibฤซn
585:Poale Zion
484:Ashkenazim
245:, king of
169:After the
1578:, ืขืืื ื'
1129:555979355
880:110476878
616:In 1927,
338:Byzantine
239:LMLK seal
225:Jebusites
223:from the
221:Jerusalem
211:Jephunneh
77:Hasmonean
1541:(1967).
1486:ืื ืืื,
1023:(1967).
1007:26057908
860:Tel Aviv
728:Havdalah
709:Psalm 19
656:Hatikvah
631:Istanbul
499:Hasidism
481:and the
455:Karaites
343:Crusader
303:Beth-zur
299:Nabatean
291:Edomites
287:Nehemiah
243:Hezekiah
61:Hezekiah
1688:Sources
763:"ืืืืืช"
685:Culture
618:Ben-Zvi
447:Ottoman
267:Shishak
209:son of
183:Sheshai
156:Rebecca
125:History
73:Edomite
45:Rebecca
25:Abraham
1702:
1521:
1467:
1355:
1186:
1127:
1005:
909:
878:
698:Psalms
640:anusim
571:Chabad
534:Jews.
496:Chabad
436:, 1925
434:Hebron
393:Kasbah
385:Mamluk
377:Venice
322:Romans
271:Karnak
195:Joshua
191:Anakim
189:, the
187:Talmai
185:, and
179:Ahiman
158:, and
47:, and
21:Hebron
1545:[
1147:p. 87
1119:[
1027:[
876:S2CID
565:, an
354:Yatta
247:Judah
217:David
207:Caleb
199:Hoham
160:Jacob
152:Isaac
148:Sarah
53:David
41:Jacob
37:Isaac
33:Sarah
1700:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1465:ISBN
1353:ISBN
1184:ISBN
1125:OCLC
1003:OCLC
907:ISBN
647:and
527:Dura
348:The
285:and
283:Ezra
164:Leah
162:and
154:and
49:Leah
1457:doi
899:doi
868:doi
1719::
1661:^
1591:.
1479:^
1463:.
1405:.
1387:.
1313:^
1222:^
1206:.
1163:.
1152:^
1094:.
1070:.
1046:.
982:,
953:.
929:.
905:.
874:.
864:38
862:.
790:.
765:.
659:.
432:,
305:.
265:,
231:.
181:,
173:,
83:.
39:,
1708:.
1655:.
1629:.
1615:.
1601:.
1527:.
1473:.
1459::
1415:.
1361:.
1294:.
1216:.
1192:.
1167:.
1131:.
1104:.
1080:.
1056:.
1009:.
963:.
939:.
915:.
901::
882:.
870::
800:.
776:.
715:.
253:)
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