Knowledge (XXG)

History of the Jews in Malaysia

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2903: 2945: 2931: 2917: 4879: 2980: 4889: 2966: 2812:. There are approximately 107 graves located in the cemetery, with the most recent tombstone dated 2011, incidentally the grave of the last ethnic Jew on the island. It is the only cemetery established solely for the once small and thriving Jewish community in Peninsular Malaysia, although there may be a few Jewish graves in other non-Jewish cemeteries. 2729:
Yahudi Road (or Jew Road) in Penang, where the majority of the Penang Jewish population lived, has since been renamed Jalan Zainal Abidin, erasing another legacy of the Jewish presence in Malaysia. The only significant presence remaining is the Jewish cemetery and the old synagogue, previously
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The oldest Jewish tombstone is dated 9 July 1835 dedicated to a Mrs. Shoshan Levi and is believed to mark the grave of the English Jewish benefactress who donated the land where the current cemetery stands. Most of the graves take the form of a triangular vaulted-lid casket, resembling
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were residing in Malaysia. The original Penang Jewish community ceased to exist with the death of Mordecai (Mordy) David Mordecai on 15 July 2011. The rest of the Penang Jews have either embraced Christianity or else have emigrated to other countries, especially with the rise of
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in 1895. Menasseh claimed to have been the only practising Jew in Malaya for 30 years until after World War I, when a significant number of Baghdadi Jews began to settle in Malaya. Statistics from the same period showed a somewhat different picture:
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Jews could be found well into the 18th century in the cosmopolitan bazaars of Malacca. Malacca was the first and largest Jewish settlement in Malaysian Jewish history. Due to persecution by the
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in the country. It forms a 38,087 square feet (3,538.4 m) cleaver-shaped plot of land situated alongside Jalan Zainal Abidin (formerly Yahudi Road), a small link road located between
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are located separately from the main group of graves on the north-eastern corner of the cemetery and it includes the grave of Eliaho Hayeem Victor Cohen, a
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community during the period. The arrival of Baghdadi Jews in Penang probably occurred at the turn of the 19th century as the fledgling British-ruled
4913: 4603: 3455: 2741:, a Baghdadi Jew). Marshall was an instrumental figure in the negotiations leading up to the independence of Malaya. Many also reside in Australia, 1688: 2745:, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, especially in New York, but their numbers are unknown. The majority of Penang Jews spoke 4793: 4322: 3494: 2848: 2738: 1038: 4844: 4808: 4713: 4302: 2445: 1615: 1550: 1432: 4918: 4317: 4203: 3419: 2705:
Penang's only synagogue, located on 28, Nagore Road, was opened in 1929 but closed down in 1976 as the community could no longer fulfill the
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was once home to a Jewish community, until the latter part of the 1970s, by which time most had emigrated due to growing state-sanctioned
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occupied by a photo studio whose owner, aware of the building's historical significance, had undertaken to preserve the exterior.
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by Zayn Gregory with illustrations by Arif Rafhan was released by Matahari Books chronicling snapshots of Jewish life in
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has caused many Malaysian Jews to leave or flee the country. The Malaysian Jewish community consists of Jews of
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A Penang Kaddish: The Jewish Cemetery in Georgetown – A case study of the Jewish Diaspora in Penang (1830s–1970s)
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Fishchel, Walter (April 1950). "New Sources for the History of the Jewish Diaspora in Asia in the 16th Century".
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The first Baghdadi Jew known by name to have settled in Penang was Ezekiel Aaron Manasseh, who emigrated from
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killed in an accident on 10 October 1941. It is the only grave in the cemetery that is maintained by the
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New Straits Times (Northern Edition) article on 18 July 2011 entitled: "Uncle Mordy laid to rest"
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The entrance to the Penang Jewish Cemetery facing Jalan Zainal Abidin (formerly Yahudi Road)
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Gary Braut - primary Jewish contact in Malaysia, died at Prince Court Specialist Centre, in
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Commemorative plaque indicating the year of establishment of the Penang Jewish Cemetery
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More Than Merchants: A History of the German-speaking Community in Penang, 1800s–1940s
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Humanistic & Secular Jews Build Communities and Congregations Worldwide: Malaysia
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The Penang Jewish Cemetery, established in 1805, is believed to be the oldest single
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of 1955 between the Federal Malayan Government and the Malayan Communist Party.
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and Meyers from India. There was also significant emigration of Jews from the
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The Jews of Africa and Asia: Contemporary Anti-Semitism and other pressures
963: 3050: 4065: 2525: 2469: 2379: 1989: 1921: 752: 260: 211: 2472:, whether immigrants or those originally from the country. The state of 4070: 3933: 3920: 3861: 3623: 3373: 2836: 2805: 2548: 2355: 2321: 2190: 1984: 973: 968: 840: 731: 626: 622: 618: 367: 362: 339: 321: 196: 191: 181: 159: 134: 110: 50: 3432: 3215:. Singapore: Herbilu Editorial & Marketing Services. p. 173. 2879:
Modi Mordecai - last permanent Jewish resident of Penang died in 2011.
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International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies: Malaysia
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Ezekiel Menasseh – the earliest verified Jewish resident in Penang.
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Many of the descendants of the Penang Jews are mainly seen in
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Free Malaysia Today article: "The Last Jew to Leave Penang"
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Penang Jewish Cemetery: Last traces of an exodus community
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and television host, author of "The Last Jews of Penang".
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General Census of Jewish settlers in Penang (1881–1941)
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grew and attracted Jewish trading families such as the
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pursued by the Malaysian government since the 1970s.
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in the region, many of the Jews assimilated into the
3136:. The Penang Story – International Conference 2002. 2873:Charles Ephraim – one of the last Penang born Jews 2554: 1994: 1975: 398: 4832: 4792: 4534: 4380: 4362: 4346: 4282: 4256: 4197: 4154: 4026: 3919: 3771: 3758: 3637: 3554: 3539: 3528: 3029:. Singapore: Minority Rights Group. pp. 9–10. 2866:on 21 January 2013. Buried at Beth Moses Cemetery, 104: 64: 40: 30: 2540:as a result of the persecutions of the governor, 2686:, the Penang Jewish community was evacuated to 3465:Jewish Photo Library - Former Penang Synagogue 3200:. London: John Lane & The Bodley Head Ltd. 4514: 3495: 3470:Jewish Photo Library - Penang Jewish Cemetery 3276:. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise 2446: 8: 3270:"The Jewish Virtual History Tour – Malaysia" 3213:The History of Jews in Singapore (1830–1945) 21: 3332:""The Last Jews of Penang" by Zayn Gregory" 690:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire 4521: 4507: 4499: 4343: 4253: 3768: 3551: 3536: 3502: 3488: 3480: 2749:and English, whilst the rest spoke mainly 2453: 2439: 2303: 1944: 1017: 824: 429: 298: 117: 20: 3389:. HaChayim HaYehudim Jewish Photo Library 3330:Blumberg-Kason, Susan (6 December 2021). 3020: 3018: 2694:during the subsequent occupation of both 2937:Tombstones at the Penang Jewish Cemetery 2851:- although he spent much of his life in 2660: 2640: 2620: 2600: 2580: 3374:Penang Jewish Cemetery official website 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3103:Fourth Colloquium of 'The Penang Story' 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3014: 2898: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2544:, whose rule lasted from 1817 to 1831. 2488:origin who live discreetly amongst the 2354: 2306: 2132: 2079: 2046: 2023: 1947: 1813: 1701: 1675: 1510: 1304: 1079: 1051: 910: 744: 673: 573: 488: 432: 352: 329: 301: 129: 4934:History of the Jews in Southeast Asia 3433:Penang Jewish Cemetery: Official Site 7: 2923:A view of the Penang Jewish Cemetery 2839:established and registered in 1885. 41:Regions with significant populations 3097:Bhatt, Himanshu (2 February 2002). 3448:Jewish Exponent: Mythical Malaysia 3051:"Kristang-Eurasian Jewish History" 2833:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 14: 3198:The Journal of a Jewish Traveller 2886:-born data analyst, academic for 481:Historical population comparisons 4887: 4878: 4877: 2994:History of the Jews in Singapore 2978: 2964: 2943: 2929: 2915: 2901: 2690:, and many were interned by the 1125:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1039:Historical population by country 4914:History of religion in Malaysia 3241:Jewish Welfare Board, Singapore 4845:British Indian Ocean Territory 3305:"The last Jew to leave Penang" 3130:ChĂ©-Ross, Raimy (April 2002). 1: 3453:Yahoo Travel: Jewish Cemetery 3353:Tan Gim Ean (27 March 2022). 2737:(such as late Chief Minister 696:Christianity and Judaism 4919:Jews and Judaism in Malaysia 4168:Peranakan Eropah (including 2482:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 4529:History of the Jews in Asia 3073:The Jewish Quarterly Review 2888:Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 2684:Japanese invasion of Malaya 1995: 1976: 1703:Latin America and Caribbean 399: 4950: 3140:, Malaysia. Archived from 2496:(the majority of whom are 2308:Jewish political movements 2005:Conversion to Judaism 4924:Jewish history by country 4873: 3517: 3511:Ethnic groups in Malaysia 711:Hinduism and Judaism 109: 69: 45: 35: 4594:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 3584:Negeri Sembilanese Malay 3211:Nathan, Ezekiel (1986). 537:Temple in Jerusalem 230:Bar and bat mitzvah 36:approximately 100 (2008) 4929:Immigration to Malaysia 4855:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 3652:Christmas Island Malays 3414:. Areca Books. (2006). 3334:. Asian Review of Books 3025:Parfitt, Tudor (1987). 2770:The Last Jews of Penang 499:Twelve Tribes of Israel 3458:12 August 2011 at the 3274:Jewish Virtual Library 3196:Cohen, Israel (1925). 2780:Penang Jewish Cemetery 2718:sentiments related to 2518:Portuguese Inquisition 2492:(Malacca-Portuguese), 3410:Khoo Salma Nasution. 2724:conflict in Palestine 1245:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂ­ncipe 1240:Republic of the Congo 634:Second Temple Judaism 505:Kingdom of Judah 476:Modern historiography 4769:United Arab Emirates 4422:China/Taiwan Chinese 3385:David, Jono (2007). 3099:"The Jews of Penang" 2720:anti-Israel policies 2347:World Agudath Israel 1488:United Arab Emirates 575:Second Temple period 565:Babylonian captivity 4796:limited recognition 4382:Foreign ethnicities 3765:Indigenous peoples) 3311:on 19 February 2015 2829:British Indian Army 2722:in reaction to the 2557: 2468:are Jews living in 640:Hellenistic Judaism 218:Land of Israel 177:Principles of faith 27: 4323:Indians in Sarawak 3614:Terengganuan Malay 3174:on 27 October 2010 2815:The graves of the 2808:commonly found in 2768:In 2021, the book 2555: 2201:Jewish Koine Greek 1743:Dominican Republic 1024:Judaism by country 703:Jews and Christmas 558:Assyrian captivity 4901: 4900: 4838:other territories 4496: 4495: 4358: 4357: 4278: 4277: 4248:Penangite Chinese 4193: 4192: 4150: 4149: 3754: 3753: 3609:Selangorian Malay 3574:Kelantanese Malay 3420:978-983-42834-1-4 3147:on 19 August 2008 2837:board of trustees 2680: 2679: 2463: 2462: 2412: 2411: 2160: 2159: 1907:Reconstructionist 1851: 1850: 1003: 1002: 810: 809: 647:Jewish–Roman wars 595:Hasmonean dynasty 511:Kingdom of Israel 415: 414: 116: 115: 4941: 4891: 4881: 4880: 4850:Christmas Island 4536:Sovereign states 4523: 4516: 4509: 4500: 4352:Peranakan Chitty 4344: 4318:Indians in Sabah 4303:Penangite Indian 4254: 3769: 3629:Sarawakian Malay 3552: 3537: 3504: 3497: 3490: 3481: 3399: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3382: 3376: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3307:. 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4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4294: 4292: 4280: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4264:Peranakan Cina 4260: 4258: 4251: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4209: 4207: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4187: 4184: 4181:Peranakan Siam 4178: 4176:Jawi Peranakan 4173: 4166: 4164:Peranakan Arab 4160: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4123: 4122: 4117: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4081: 4080: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4043: 4032: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4020: 4019: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4000: 3999: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3953: 3952: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3925: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3913: 3912: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3876: 3875: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3829: 3828: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3811: 3810: 3805: 3795: 3790: 3779: 3777: 3766: 3756: 3755: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3736:Burmese Malays 3733: 3728: 3727: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3681: 3680: 3679: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3643: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3619:Bruneian Malay 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3599:Perlisan Malay 3596: 3594:Perakian Malay 3591: 3586: 3581: 3579:Malaccan Malay 3576: 3571: 3566: 3564:Johorean Malay 3560: 3558: 3549: 3534: 3526: 3525: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3509: 3507: 3506: 3499: 3492: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3428: 3427:External links 3425: 3424: 3423: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3400: 3377: 3366: 3345: 3322: 3296: 3287: 3258: 3228: 3221: 3203: 3185: 3158: 3115: 3082: 3063: 3042: 3035: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3007: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2975: 2972:Judaism portal 2959: 2956: 2955: 2954: 2950: 2949: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2935: 2928: 2926: 2922: 2921: 2914: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2900: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2891: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2860: 2849:David Marshall 2844: 2843:Malaysian Jews 2841: 2781: 2778: 2739:David Marshall 2678: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2638: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2618: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2598: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2578: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2513: 2510: 2466:Malaysian Jews 2461: 2460: 2458: 2457: 2450: 2443: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2416: 2415: 2410: 2409: 2408: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2359: 2358: 2352: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2344: 2342:Territorialism 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2311: 2310: 2302: 2297: 2296: 2293: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2226:Judaeo-Spanish 2223: 2221:Judaeo-Iranian 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2173: 2168: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2158: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2137: 2136: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2084: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2051: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2028: 2027: 2021: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2001: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1950: 1949: 1943: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1930: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1864: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1818: 1817: 1811: 1810: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1706: 1705: 1699: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1678: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1667:United Kingdom 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1515: 1514: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1307: 1306: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1100:Bilad-el-Sudan 1097: 1092: 1084: 1083: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1056: 1055: 1053:Land of Israel 1049: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1016: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1001: 1000: 999: 998: 993: 988: 983: 982: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 913: 912: 911:Related groups 908: 907: 906: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 844: 843: 838: 823: 818: 817: 814: 813: 808: 807: 806: 805: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 768:Jewish atheism 765: 760: 755: 747: 746: 742: 741: 740: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719:Islamic–Jewish 714: 707: 692: 687: 679: 678: 671: 670: 669: 668: 644: 631: 603: 598: 591: 586: 584:Yehud Medinata 578: 577: 571: 570: 569: 568: 561: 554: 546: 533: 525: 513: 508: 501: 493: 492: 490:Ancient Israel 486: 485: 484: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 446:Land of Israel 443: 435: 434: 428: 423: 422: 419: 418: 413: 412: 411: 410: 405: 401:Shulchan Aruch 396: 391: 386: 381: 373: 372: 371: 370: 365: 357: 356: 350: 349: 348: 347: 342: 334: 333: 327: 326: 325: 324: 319: 314: 306: 305: 297: 292: 291: 288: 287: 284: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 226: 221: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 179: 174: 167:God in Judaism 163: 158: 157: 154: 153: 152: 151: 146: 138: 137: 127: 126: 114: 113: 107: 106: 102: 101: 67: 66: 62: 61: 43: 42: 38: 37: 33: 32: 22:Malaysian Jews 17: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4946: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4884: 4876: 4875: 4872: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4835: 4831: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4819:South Ossetia 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4533: 4524: 4519: 4517: 4512: 4510: 4505: 4504: 4501: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4427:East Timorese 4425: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4379: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4361: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4285: 4281: 4271: 4268: 4266:(Baba-Nyonya) 4265: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4255: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4153: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4048: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4037: 4036:Kadazan-Dusun 4034: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4025: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4003: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3958: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3880: 3877: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3834: 3833: 3830: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3809: 3808:Orang Seletar 3806: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3785: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3770: 3767: 3761: 3757: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3741:Patani Malays 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3685: 3682: 3678: 3675: 3674: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3636: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3569:Kedahan Malay 3567: 3565: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3542: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3532: 3527: 3523: 3522: 3516: 3512: 3505: 3500: 3498: 3493: 3491: 3486: 3485: 3482: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3388: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3370: 3367: 3362: 3361: 3356: 3349: 3346: 3333: 3326: 3323: 3310: 3306: 3300: 3297: 3291: 3288: 3275: 3271: 3265: 3263: 3259: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3229: 3224: 3222:9971-84-429-X 3218: 3214: 3207: 3204: 3199: 3192: 3190: 3186: 3173: 3169: 3162: 3159: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3134: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3104: 3100: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3074: 3067: 3064: 3052: 3046: 3043: 3038: 3036:0-946690-56-1 3032: 3028: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2999:Baghdadi Jews 2997: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2976: 2973: 2962: 2957: 2946: 2941: 2932: 2927: 2918: 2913: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2868:New York City 2865: 2861: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2823:with the 9th 2822: 2818: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2731: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2659: 2639: 2619: 2599: 2579: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2553: 2550: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2498:Baghdadi Jews 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2456: 2451: 2449: 2444: 2442: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2433: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2418: 2417: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2361: 2360: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2313: 2312: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2294: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2266:Judeo-Aramaic 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2256:Judeo-Italian 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2236:GhardaĂŻa Sign 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2166: 2165: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2086: 2085: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2053: 2052: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1935: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1888: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1861:Denominations 1857: 1856: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1819: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1709: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1689:United States 1687: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1175:Guinea-Bissau 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1085: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1050: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1029:Lists of Jews 1027: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1008: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 956: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 916: 915: 914: 909: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 842: 839: 837: 834: 833: 832: 829: 828: 827: 826: 821: 816: 815: 804: 796: 794: 791: 789: 788:The Holocaust 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 750: 749: 748: 743: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 715: 713: 708: 704: 698: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 682: 681: 680: 676: 672: 665: 659: 653: 648: 645: 641: 635: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 581: 580: 579: 576: 572: 567: 562: 560: 555: 551: 547: 544: 539: 534: 530: 526: 523: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 502: 500: 497: 496: 495: 494: 491: 487: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 438: 437: 436: 431: 426: 421: 420: 409: 406: 403: 402: 397: 395: 392: 390: 389:Mishneh Torah 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 376: 375: 374: 369: 366: 364: 361: 360: 359: 358: 355: 351: 346: 343: 341: 338: 337: 336: 335: 332: 328: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 309: 308: 307: 304: 300: 295: 290: 289: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 227: 225: 222: 220: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 187: 183: 180: 178: 175: 172: 168: 165: 164: 161: 156: 155: 150: 149:Who is a Jew? 147: 145: 142: 141: 140: 139: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 119: 112: 108: 103: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 63: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 39: 34: 29: 26:יהודים מלזיים 16: 4834:Dependencies 4764:Turkmenistan 4729:Saudi Arabia 4678: 4478:Singaporeans 4456: 4384:/expatriates 4110:Orang Sungai 3647:Cocos Malays 3638: 3604:Pahang Malay 3555: 3529: 3519: 3411: 3391:. Retrieved 3380: 3369: 3358: 3348: 3336:. Retrieved 3325: 3313:. Retrieved 3309:the original 3299: 3290: 3278:. Retrieved 3273: 3249:. Retrieved 3245:the original 3240: 3231: 3212: 3206: 3197: 3176:. Retrieved 3172:the original 3161: 3149:. Retrieved 3142:the original 3132: 3106:. Retrieved 3102: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3054:. Retrieved 3045: 3026: 2864:Kuala Lumpur 2857:Baling Talks 2825:Jat Regiment 2814: 2802: 2783: 2769: 2767: 2732: 2728: 2716:anti-semitic 2704: 2681: 2546: 2536:province of 2515: 2502:Malabar Jews 2494:Mizrahi Jews 2478:antisemitism 2465: 2464: 2405:Post-Zionism 2276:Judeo-Berber 2271:Judeo-Arabic 2231:Judeo-Gascon 1978:Pidyon haben 1897:Conservative 1443:Saudi Arabia 1402: 1261:South Africa 1250:Sierra Leone 1072:Israeli Jews 986:Mosaic Arabs 939:Kaifeng Jews 800:Arab–Israeli 773:Emancipation 652:Great Revolt 461:Anti-Judaism 456:Antisemitism 451:Name "Judea" 246:Baal teshuva 47:Kuala Lumpur 18:Ethnic group 15: 4893:Asia portal 4794:States with 4714:Philippines 4654:South Korea 4649:North Korea 4544:Afghanistan 4407:Bangladeshi 4270:Sino-Native 3803:Orang Kuala 3793:Orang Kanaq 3783:Proto-Malay 3709:Minangkabau 3688:Bugis-Malay 3639:Anak Dagang 3357:. Options. 3168:"Worldwide" 3056:22 February 3004:Judeo-Malay 2798:George Town 2774:George Town 2682:During the 2542:Dawud Pasha 2400:Revisionist 2390:Neo-Zionism 1997:Zeved habat 1790:Puerto Rico 1616:Netherlands 1448:South Korea 1433:Philippines 1313:Afghanistan 1180:Ivory Coast 954:Crypto-Jews 919:Bnei Anusim 898:Bene Israel 863:Beta Israel 820:Communities 727:Middle Ages 466:Persecution 241:Bereavement 79:Judeo-Malay 4908:Categories 4774:Uzbekistan 4749:Tajikistan 4664:Kyrgyzstan 4644:Kazakhstan 4564:Bangladesh 4554:Azerbaijan 4488:Vietnamese 4442:Indonesian 4328:Sri Lankan 4132:Sama-Bajau 4100:Lun Bawang 3976:Lun Bawang 3909:Semaq Beri 3798:Orang Laut 3773:Peninsular 3760:Orang Asal 3677:Mandailing 3531:Bumiputera 3521:Malaysians 3405:Literature 3315:5 December 3178:4 December 3010:References 2821:Lieutenant 2794:Macalister 2385:Maximalism 2337:Secularism 2317:Autonomism 2134:Literature 1927:Humanistic 1531:Azerbaijan 1493:Uzbekistan 1468:Tajikistan 1388:Kyrgyzstan 1373:Kazakhstan 1220:Mozambique 1195:Madagascar 1115:Cape Verde 1067:New Yishuv 1062:Old Yishuv 1013:Population 991:Subbotniks 949:Samaritans 888:Romanyotim 831:Ashkenazim 778:Old Yishuv 758:Sabbateans 745:Modern era 737:Golden Age 664:Bar Kokhba 384:Beit Yosef 251:Philosophy 95:Portuguese 4860:Hong Kong 4814:Palestine 4739:Sri Lanka 4734:Singapore 4614:Indonesia 4473:Pakistani 4372:Chindians 4347:Peranakan 4257:Peranakan 4228:Hainanese 4218:Cantonese 4183:(Sam-Sam) 4156:Peranakan 4061:Mangka'ak 3956:Orang Ulu 3894:Cheq Wong 3731:Sundanese 3699:Baweanese 3667:Banjarese 3556:Anak Jati 3237:"History" 3079:(4): 380. 2853:Singapore 2806:ossuaries 2796:Roads in 2761:and also 2735:Singapore 2700:Singapore 2688:Singapore 2506:Ashkenazi 2486:Sephardic 2395:Religious 2251:Zarphatic 2241:Bukharian 2211:Judeo-Tat 2196:Yeshivish 2170:Languages 2125:Sephardic 2115:Israelite 2105:Ethiopian 2095:Ashkenazi 2034:Religious 1824:Australia 1806:Venezuela 1712:Argentina 1694:Greenland 1606:Lithuania 1458:Sri Lanka 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1408:Mongolia 1403:Malaysia 1323:Cambodia 1297:Zimbabwe 1272:Tanzania 1150:Eswatini 1140:Ethiopia 1130:Djibouti 1110:Cameroon 1105:Botswana 1034:Diaspora 996:Noahides 969:Marranos 893:Cochinim 878:Bukharim 868:Gruzinim 858:Teimanim 848:Mizrahim 836:Galician 802:conflict 763:Hasidism 753:Haskalah 658:Diaspora 529:timeline 441:Timeline 354:Rabbinic 261:Kabbalah 236:Marriage 212:Tzedakah 202:Holidays 160:Religion 123:a series 121:Part of 105:Religion 4779:Vietnam 4694:Myanmar 4674:Lebanon 4604:Georgia 4559:Bahrain 4549:Armenia 4447:Iranian 4412:Burmese 4392:African 4308:Punjabi 4243:Henghua 4238:Foochow 4233:Teochew 4213:Hokkien 4199:Chinese 4095:Illanun 4076:Rumanau 4071:Minokok 4041:Kadazan 4011:Melanau 4002:Others 3966:Kelabit 3939:Bukitan 3934:Bidayuh 3921:Sarawak 3904:Jah Hut 3862:Mendriq 3815:Semelai 3746:Siamese 3714:Kerinci 3624:Kedayan 3280:27 June 3251:27 June 3151:28 June 3108:27 June 2895:Gallery 2884:America 2827:of the 2755:Persian 2751:Yiddish 2549:Baghdad 2538:Baghdad 2534:Ottoman 2512:History 2365:General 2356:Zionism 2332:Leftism 2322:Bundism 2246:Knaanic 2206:Yevanic 2191:Yiddish 2148:Yiddish 2143:Israeli 2120:Mizrahi 2110:Israeli 2081:Cuisine 2057:Ancient 2039:Secular 1985:Kashrut 1961:Wedding 1948:Customs 1940:Culture 1917:Science 1912:Renewal 1902:Karaite 1883:Hasidic 1815:Oceania 1801:Uruguay 1769:Jamaica 1749:Ecuador 1717:Bolivia 1661:Ukraine 1636:Romania 1611:Moldova 1591:Hungary 1581:Germany 1576:Georgia 1566:Finland 1561:Estonia 1556:Denmark 1551:Czechia 1536:Belarus 1526:Austria 1521:Armenia 1498:Vietnam 1413:Myanmar 1398:Lebanon 1318:Bahrain 1277:Tunisia 1255:Somalia 1230:Nigeria 1225:Namibia 1215:Morocco 1145:Eritrea 1090:Algeria 974:Neofiti 883:Italkim 873:Juhurim 783:Zionism 732:Khazars 627:Sicarii 623:Zealots 619:Essenes 606:Schisms 471:Leaders 433:General 425:History 368:Tosefta 363:Midrash 340:Mishnah 322:Ketuvim 317:Nevi'im 266:Customs 197:Shabbat 192:Halakha 184: ( 182:Mitzvot 169: ( 135:Judaism 111:Judaism 87:Persian 71:English 51:Malacca 4824:Taiwan 4759:Turkey 4724:Russia 4659:Kuwait 4639:Jordan 4629:Israel 4589:Cyprus 4574:Brunei 4569:Bhutan 4468:Nepali 4463:Korean 4457:Jewish 4437:Indian 4338:Telugu 4284:Indian 4142:Tidong 4127:Rungus 4115:Dumpas 4090:Ida'an 4085:Bisaya 4051:Kwijau 4016:Miriek 4006:Bisaya 3991:Sa'ban 3971:Kenyah 3949:Selako 3899:Temiar 3867:Mintil 3857:Kintaq 3852:Kensiu 3832:Semang 3825:Temuan 3763:(Other 3418:  3338:8 June 3219:  3138:Penang 3033:  2817:Cohens 2810:Israel 2790:Burmah 2763:Arabic 2759:Hebrew 2743:Canada 2711:Russia 2707:minyan 2696:Malaya 2576:Total 2573:Girls 2564:Males 2508:Jews. 2504:, and 2474:Penang 2427:Portal 2286:Domari 2216:Shassi 2177:Hebrew 2072:Humour 2016:Hiloni 2011:Aliyah 1971:Niddah 1956:Minyan 1891:Reform 1878:Haredi 1873:Modern 1774:Mexico 1759:Guyana 1722:Brazil 1684:Canada 1656:Sweden 1646:Serbia 1641:Russia 1626:Poland 1621:Norway 1601:Latvia 1586:Greece 1571:France 1546:Cyprus 1512:Europe 1483:Turkey 1473:Taiwan 1383:Kuwait 1368:Jordan 1358:Israel 1292:Zambia 1282:Uganda 1200:Malawi 1170:Guinea 1160:Gambia 1095:Angola 1081:Africa 964:Dönmeh 959:Anusim 903:Berber 841:Litvak 793:Israel 699:  636:  550:Second 518:  379:Targum 345:Gemara 331:Talmud 303:Tanakh 256:Ethics 207:Prayer 91:Arabic 83:Hebrew 59:Penang 4865:Macau 4784:Yemen 4744:Syria 4719:Qatar 4699:Nepal 4634:Japan 4609:India 4599:Egypt 4584:China 4333:Tamil 4223:Hakka 4137:Suluk 4105:Murut 4056:Lotud 4046:Dusun 4028:Sabah 3986:Punan 3981:Penan 3961:Kayan 3929:Dayak 3884:Semai 3879:Senoi 3847:Jahai 3842:Lanoh 3837:Batek 3820:Temoq 3788:Jakun 3684:Bugis 3672:Batak 3657:Chams 3541:Malay 2747:Malay 2661:1941 2641:1901 2621:1899 2601:1891 2581:1881 2570:Boys 2561:Year 2375:Labor 2370:Green 2067:Dance 2025:Music 1844:Palau 1764:Haiti 1727:Chile 1651:Spain 1596:Italy 1503:Yemen 1463:Syria 1438:Qatar 1418:Nepal 1363:Japan 1338:India 1328:China 1267:Sudan 1190:Libya 1185:Kenya 1165:Ghana 1155:Gabon 1135:Egypt 1120:Benin 979:Xueta 924:Lemba 543:First 408:Zohar 312:Torah 294:Texts 281:Rabbi 271:Rites 171:names 75:Malay 4704:Oman 4669:Laos 4624:Iraq 4619:Iran 4483:Thai 4397:Arab 4289:list 4204:list 3996:Ukit 3944:Iban 3724:Rawa 3546:list 3416:ISBN 3395:2018 3340:2024 3317:2013 3282:2008 3253:2008 3217:ISBN 3180:2010 3153:2008 3110:2008 3058:2011 3031:ISBN 2792:and 2698:and 2636:172 2616:155 2500:), 1834:Guam 1829:Fiji 1784:Peru 1737:Cuba 1423:Oman 1393:Laos 1353:Iraq 1348:Iran 1305:Asia 1234:Igbo 1205:Mali 224:Brit 133:and 131:Jews 4836:and 3872:Mos 3719:Ocu 2676:30 2664:11 2656:45 2647:17 2644:16 2633:15 2630:33 2627:41 2624:83 2613:30 2610:14 2607:64 2604:47 2596:32 2584:14 2048:Art 394:Tur 186:613 81:), 4910:: 3272:. 3261:^ 3239:. 3188:^ 3118:^ 3101:. 3085:^ 3077:40 3075:. 3017:^ 2776:. 2765:. 2757:, 2753:, 2673:5 2670:6 2667:8 2653:4 2650:8 2593:4 2590:5 2587:9 661:, 655:, 625:, 621:, 617:, 613:, 125:on 97:, 93:, 89:, 85:, 73:, 57:, 53:, 49:, 4522:e 4515:t 4508:v 4418:) 4414:( 4403:) 4399:( 4291:) 4287:( 4206:) 4202:( 4172:) 3690:) 3686:( 3548:) 3544:( 3503:e 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Index

Kuala Lumpur
Malacca
Negeri Sembilan
Penang
English
Malay
Judeo-Malay
Hebrew
Persian
Arabic
Portuguese
Malayalam
Judaism
a series
Jews
Judaism
Etymology
Who is a Jew?
Religion
God in Judaism
names
Principles of faith
Mitzvot
613
Halakha
Shabbat
Holidays
Prayer
Tzedakah
Land of Israel

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