3060:
2759:
5515:
68:
2700:
5529:
170:
27:
2767:
3396:
3355:" in Hebrew orig. meant 'member of the tribe Judah', later also 'member of the Kingdom of Judah'. When after the conquest of the Kingdom of Israel by the Assyrians in 722 B.C.E. only the Kingdom of Judah survived, yehudi יֽהוּדִי came to denote 'Jew', resp. 'Jewish'. cp. 'Judaic', 'Jew', 'Chueta' and 'Yiddish'.
3370:
Meg. 12 קרי ליה י׳ אלמא מיהודה וכ׳ he is called Y'hudi (Esth. II, 5), which would indicate that he belongs to the tribe of Judah, and yet he is called ish y'mini &c.?, v. נִימוֹס. Ib. 13 ... ואמאי י׳ ... שכל הכופר בע"ז נקרא י׳ but why is he designated as Y'hudi? Because he disowned idolatry; for
3371:
whosoever disowns idolatry, is called a Jew (ref. to Dan. III, 12); Esth. R. to II, 5 לפי שייחד ... נקרא י׳ לומר י׳ יחירי because he professed the unity of God, he was called Y'hudi, meaning to say, a Y'hudi, a believer in One God.
3653:
3426:, it has become less common to use "Israelite" of Jews in general. Instead, citizens of the state of Israel, whether Jewish or not, are called "Israeli", while "Jew" is used as an ethno-religious designation.
1250:
3478:
3422:
and other contemporary languages, the term "Israelite" was used to refer to contemporary Jews as well as to Jews of antiquity until the mid-20th-century. Since the foundation of the
1828:
1483:
1178:
1370:
3472:. Even today some people are wary of its use, and prefer to use "Jewish". Indeed, when used as an adjective (e.g. "Jew lawyer") or verb (e.g. "to Jew-down someone"), the term
2578:
342:
5019:
1365:
5409:
1613:
4092:
3565:
1867:
3680:
5369:
852:
815:
3887:
1791:
3916:
3506:
is the only acceptable possibility. Some people, however, have become so wary of this construction that they have extended the stigma to any use of
1814:
5415:
1164:
3059:
4515:
3969:
2571:
1741:
1676:
1558:
4510:
3853:
3762:
3735:
862:
1300:
3229:
Most
European languages have retained the letter "d" in the word for "Jew". Etymological equivalents are in use in other languages, e.g.
4530:
4525:
3949:
2822:
2623:
1568:
1385:
1375:
615:
5342:
4219:
1964:
1914:
1879:
1573:
1438:
1305:
4370:
4224:
3636:
3602:
2739:
2564:
1656:
1618:
1593:
1513:
1498:
1345:
1285:
1240:
231:
213:
151:
54:
3453:
2721:
2714:
180:
4279:
4187:
3012:, father of the sons that would form the twelve tribes of Israel, which he was given and took after wrestling with an angel, see
1949:
1931:
1837:
1731:
1583:
1578:
1503:
1468:
1335:
5444:
3143:
4638:
3016:
32:28–29) to refer to Jews. According to the Talmud then, there is no distinction between "religious Jews" and "secular Jews."
2467:
2366:
1921:
1904:
1857:
1756:
1666:
1603:
1553:
1533:
1528:
1448:
1422:
1397:
1275:
1265:
1255:
1235:
1230:
4320:
3880:
1940:
1926:
1894:
1874:
1842:
1786:
1761:
1736:
1716:
1706:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1661:
1651:
1646:
1623:
1538:
1523:
1443:
1402:
1355:
1350:
1270:
1215:
89:
2656:
after the letter "d" was dropped. A variety of related forms are found in early
English from about the year 1000, including
5421:
4742:
2361:
1899:
1884:
1847:
1809:
1781:
1771:
1766:
1751:
1746:
1726:
1711:
1696:
1671:
1637:
1608:
1508:
1493:
1417:
1407:
1325:
1295:
1220:
1206:
5484:
842:
5585:
5352:
5347:
4535:
4520:
4284:
4239:
3984:
1969:
1889:
1852:
1776:
1721:
1588:
1563:
1488:
1463:
1453:
1392:
1315:
1310:
1290:
1280:
1260:
1245:
1138:
606:
601:
132:
5449:
5434:
4315:
4175:
2842:
1959:
1954:
1909:
1862:
1548:
1518:
1478:
1473:
1330:
636:
85:
40:
3569:
195:
104:
5580:
5403:
5297:
4948:
4842:
4550:
4483:
4044:
3934:
3435:
2433:
2278:
1986:
1380:
576:
566:
302:
2710:
923:
191:
78:
5519:
5459:
5357:
5337:
5207:
5132:
4992:
4859:
4545:
4505:
3873:
3820:
3067:'s Yiddish–Hebrew–Latin–German dictionary (16th century) contains a list of nations, including an entry for Jew:
2547:
2240:
2091:
2032:
111:
5439:
5270:
4569:
4444:
3317:
3307:
2250:
2230:
1340:
820:
361:
5392:
5381:
4975:
4896:
4601:
4500:
4439:
4419:
4325:
4298:
2798:
2607:
2391:
2381:
2346:
2225:
2215:
1998:
1169:
1111:
945:
624:
581:
296:
5575:
5428:
5398:
4461:
2758:
2510:
2245:
2159:
1225:
777:
396:
366:
118:
772:
5454:
5375:
5157:
4864:
4747:
4488:
4478:
4471:
4456:
4342:
2401:
2396:
2341:
2129:
1044:
759:
654:
371:
5570:
5560:
5489:
5479:
4982:
3954:
3195:
2472:
2424:
2164:
2022:
835:
700:
689:
647:
100:
5137:
5105:
5031:
4940:
4886:
4493:
4293:
4027:
3992:
3242:
3104:
2525:
898:
765:
668:
661:
591:
479:
354:
3779:
3448:
that in the late 19th and early 20th centuries it was frequently avoided altogether, and the term
5565:
5469:
5464:
5275:
4997:
4874:
4869:
4854:
4824:
4777:
4700:
4606:
4466:
4039:
3944:
3911:
3798:
3628:
3619:
3254:
2376:
2326:
2273:
2268:
2182:
2052:
1320:
1149:
908:
828:
682:
248:
4752:
4628:
3468:). The word has become more often used in a neutral fashion, as it underwent a process known as
3273:. In some languages, derivations of the word "Hebrew" are also in use to describe a Jew, e.g.,
5253:
5184:
5066:
5051:
4834:
4705:
4670:
3959:
3849:
3843:
3758:
3731:
3725:
3632:
3598:
3552:
2905:
2830:
2520:
2462:
2442:
2259:
1819:
1458:
918:
789:
719:
596:
509:
376:
3752:
5319:
5287:
5248:
5219:
5202:
5152:
4953:
4762:
4695:
4648:
4596:
4564:
4555:
4540:
4414:
4389:
4365:
4249:
4180:
4097:
3964:
3302:
3294:
3286:
3278:
3262:
3075:
2945:
2826:
2592:
2490:
2371:
2331:
2295:
1993:
1543:
1054:
810:
714:
629:
519:
311:
5229:
5224:
5036:
4963:
4796:
4767:
4690:
4680:
4643:
4618:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4409:
4404:
4394:
4379:
4170:
4087:
4054:
4012:
4002:
3469:
3423:
3344:
3250:
3234:
3223:
3082:
3068:
3013:
2834:
2821:, Judah also referred to the territory allocated to the tribe. After the splitting of the
2794:
2602:
2452:
2411:
2406:
2386:
2308:
2302:
2235:
2187:
2027:
2008:
1159:
888:
800:
783:
327:
46:
4930:
3390:
274:
5533:
5508:
5329:
5236:
5194:
5174:
5162:
5142:
5056:
5046:
5014:
5007:
4987:
4958:
4925:
4891:
4801:
4725:
4715:
4653:
4451:
4399:
4310:
4305:
4067:
4062:
3997:
3926:
3544:
3419:
3376:
3359:
3270:
3187:
3160:
3137:
3116:
3089:
3040:
2949:
2865:
2817:, descended from the patriarch Judah. After the conquest and settlement of the land of
2814:
2631:
2552:
2351:
2220:
2206:
2086:
2065:
2042:
2037:
2015:
2003:
1598:
1079:
1013:
978:
956:
893:
731:
709:
571:
550:
526:
292:
125:
5555:
5549:
5302:
5147:
5074:
4881:
4815:
4788:
4737:
4685:
4658:
4633:
4623:
4384:
4330:
4264:
4244:
4234:
4229:
4202:
4148:
4077:
4022:
3400:
3020:
2838:
2774:
2500:
2495:
1701:
1628:
1154:
1003:
998:
993:
983:
961:
913:
675:
514:
419:
381:
332:
3549:
Dictionary of the
Targumim, Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature
5282:
5079:
5041:
5002:
4591:
4335:
4274:
4254:
4214:
4197:
4165:
4153:
4114:
4032:
4007:
3461:
3445:
3340:
2929:
2530:
2356:
2197:
2192:
2150:
2103:
1197:
1064:
1049:
1008:
973:
586:
428:
5292:
4807:
4732:
4710:
4613:
4207:
4136:
4131:
4119:
4109:
3706:
3127:
3064:
2699:
2515:
2457:
2122:
1028:
1023:
1018:
988:
67:
3000:: "An Israel(ite) even though he has sinned is still an Israel(ite)" (Tractate
2881:
5093:
4675:
4269:
4017:
3939:
3590:
3168:
3100:
2961:
2877:
2649:
2173:
1187:
1116:
1074:
903:
883:
442:
349:
3816:
3023:, the same word is still used to mean both Jews and Judeans ("of Judea"). In
3008:, i.e. "Children of Israel", ("Israel" being the name of the third patriarch
2897:
2889:
5307:
4772:
4663:
4574:
4192:
4126:
3627:(11th ed.). Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster. 2004. p.
3499:
3465:
3120:
3045:
2937:
2933:
2770:
2336:
2321:
1411:
1359:
1121:
1069:
1059:
740:
736:
726:
641:
401:
4143:
3510:
as a noun, a practice that carries risks of its own. In a sentence such as
2766:
1089:
3395:
3167:, and from these sources the term passed to other European languages. The
5026:
4968:
4913:
4908:
4579:
3155:
3132:
2997:
2941:
2921:
2753:
2636:
2505:
2115:
2047:
878:
386:
337:
3754:
Gertrude Stein and
Richard Wright: The Poetics and Politics of Modernism
3403:
coin from the
Persian era, with falcon or eagle and Aramaic inscription
2904:) has a generic aspect, in this case referring to a man from the
5241:
5125:
5120:
5110:
5098:
4918:
4903:
4847:
4782:
4757:
4720:
4584:
4259:
4158:
4082:
3974:
3900:
3322:
3179:
2993:
2953:
2917:
2481:
2447:
2316:
2110:
1099:
1094:
966:
857:
752:
748:
744:
493:
488:
465:
447:
322:
317:
307:
285:
260:
3514:, which is unobjectionable, the substitution of a circumlocution like
3198:
where the word is attested as early as 1000 in various forms, such as
5312:
5179:
5115:
3024:
2985:
2925:
2818:
2141:
2136:
2096:
2081:
1192:
1084:
504:
470:
456:
391:
3597:. Madison, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 131.
198:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
3865:
2992:
refers to somebody who is Jewish but does not necessarily practice
5263:
5258:
5212:
5167:
5088:
5083:
4347:
4102:
4072:
3411:
3394:
3009:
2880:
where it refers to a defeat for the Yehudi army or nation, and in
2810:
2682:, which eventually developed into the modern English word for the
2658:
2641:
1104:
533:
437:
406:
2845:, the kingdom of Judah became the sole Jewish state and the term
5362:
3896:
2683:
256:
3869:
3464:
as a part of its anti-semitic campaign (eventually leading to
3366:
is defined as "worshipper of one God" and rejecting idolatry.
3327:
3222:. The Old English name is derived from Old French. The modern
2693:
163:
61:
20:
3486:
It is widely recognized that the attributive use of the noun
3149:
3141:
3842:
Kleinedler, Steven; Spitz, Susan; et al., eds. (2005).
3845:
The
American Heritage Guide to Contemporary Usage and Style
3479:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
3780:"'Jew' isn't a slur. You don't have to avoid saying it"
187:
3522:
may in itself cause offense for seeming to imply that
3444:
has been used often enough in a disparaging manner by
2120:
2101:
524:
5328:
5193:
5065:
4939:
4833:
4364:
4053:
3983:
3925:
2829:. The kingdom now encompassed the tribes of Judah,
92:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3618:
3107:scholarship) and other Greek documents translated
2884:, where it refers to the language of the Yehudim (
2809:) was the name of the fourth son of the patriarch
2980:) because the fear of the Yehudim fell on them."
3526:has a negative connotation when used as a noun.
3368:
2813:. During the Exodus, the name was given to the
3881:
3343:, the Hebrew word for Jew, Judean, or Jewish
3335:Jewish dictionary definitions and etymologies
3004:44a). More commonly the Talmud uses the term
2572:
8:
3730:. University of Alabama Press. p. 153.
2892:has the earliest singular usage of the word
5370:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
3724:Stephen Paul Miller; Daniel Morris (2010).
3339:According to the Klein dictionary by rabbi
2960:The name appears in the Bible as a verb in
2612:
816:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
55:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4050:
3888:
3874:
3866:
3757:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 66.
3727:Radical Poetics and Secular Jewish Culture
2579:
2565:
2429:
2070:
1143:
950:
555:
424:
243:
3512:There are now several Jews on the council
2740:Learn how and when to remove this message
232:Learn how and when to remove this message
214:Learn how and when to remove this message
152:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:English term derived from Hebrew "Yehudi"
3917:Index of Jewish history-related articles
3711:The National Holocaust Centre and Museum
3182:(dropped) the letter "d" from the Latin
3058:
2853:) was applied to all Israelites.
2765:
2762:Map of the region in the 9th century BCE
2757:
5416:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
3625:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
3536:
3502:and highly offensive. In such contexts
2841:. With the destruction of the northern
2837:, along with some of the cities of the
2480:
2432:
2258:
2205:
2172:
2149:
2073:
1939:
1827:
1801:
1636:
1430:
1205:
1177:
1036:
870:
799:
699:
614:
558:
478:
455:
427:
255:
3311:for a full overview.) The German word
3163:term, following the Greek version, is
2777:(134 to 104 BCE) with the inscription
2720:Please improve this section by adding
3316:
3159:), which had lost the 'h' sound. The
2825:, the name was used for the southern
7:
3797:Oppenheimer, Mark (April 22, 2017).
3595:A Psychoanalytic History of the Jews
2940:with the exile that was exiled with
90:adding citations to reliable sources
3476:is purely pejorative. According to
3348:
3290:
3079:
3072:
5363:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
5343:American Jewish Historical Society
14:
3848:. Houghton Mifflin Company. Jew.
3325:with the Yiddish word for "Jew",
3055:Development in European languages
2868:of the Hebrew Bible. The plural,
607:Historical population comparisons
36:This article has multiple issues.
5527:
5514:
5513:
3460:was extensively used during the
2968:"Many of the people of the land
2864:) occurs 74 times in the
2698:
1251:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1165:Historical population by country
168:
66:
25:
2601:is originally derived from the
77:needs additional citations for
44:or discuss these issues on the
5435:Relations with other religions
3778:Sales, Ben (October 5, 2020).
3654:"Klein Dictionary, יְהוּדִי 1"
3454:Young Men's Hebrew Association
3452:was substituted instead (e.g.
1:
5422:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
2722:secondary or tertiary sources
822:Christianity and Judaism
5353:Leo Baeck Institute New York
5348:American Sephardi Federation
3520:persons of Jewish background
3226:term is "Juif/Juive" (m/f).
3121:
3046:
3035:(pl.), and بَنُو اِسرَائِيل
2920:the capital, whose name was
2648:, in turn evolving into the
4176:Constantinopolitan Karaites
3566:"Genesis » Chapter 32"
3430:Perception of offensiveness
3399:Obverse of a Jewish silver
2936:; who had been exiled from
2924:the son of Jair the son of
2843:kingdom of Israel (Samaria)
2121:
2102:
1829:Latin America and Caribbean
525:
194:the claims made and adding
5602:
5404:National Library of Israel
4045:Zionism, race and genetics
3551:, and the source he used:
3456:). The German counterpart
3436:Person of Jewish ethnicity
3433:
3388:
3150:
3142:
2876:) first appears in
2751:
2434:Jewish political movements
2131:Conversion to Judaism
5502:
5358:Yeshiva University Museum
5338:Center for Jewish History
3907:
3821:American Jewish Committee
3482:, Fourth Edition (2000):
3108:
2973:
2901:
2885:
2873:
2861:
2850:
2802:
837:Hinduism and Judaism
3950:Ancient Israel and Judah
3308:List of Jewish ethnonyms
3103:(reputedly a product of
2972:(in the generic sense) (
2823:united Kingdom of Israel
663:Temple in Jerusalem
356:Bar and bat mitzvah
4326:North African Sephardim
4299:Jewish tribes of Arabia
625:Twelve Tribes of Israel
5429:Holocaust Encyclopedia
5399:Jewish Virtual Library
3751:M. Lynn Weiss (1998).
3681:"Jastrow's Dictionary"
3528:
3415:
3382:
3379:, Jastrow's Dictionary
3096:
3093:
3086:
2984:In some places in the
2782:
2763:
2709:relies excessively on
5376:Encyclopaedia Judaica
5158:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
4343:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
4093:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
3707:"Yellow Star; 'Jude'"
3490:, in phrases such as
3484:
3398:
3389:Further information:
3062:
2900:, the name "Yehudi" (
2769:
2761:
2752:Further information:
2630:), which passed into
1371:São Tomé and Príncipe
1366:Republic of the Congo
760:Second Temple Judaism
631:Kingdom of Judah
602:Modern historiography
3955:Second Temple period
2473:World Agudath Israel
1614:United Arab Emirates
701:Second Temple period
691:Babylonian captivity
86:improve this article
5586:Judaism terminology
5393:Jewish Encyclopedia
5138:Hekhalot literature
4949:Religious movements
4484:Judeo-Tripolitanian
3784:The Washington Post
3358:According to rabbi
2912:"There was a man a
2789:in the Hebrew Bible
766:Hellenistic Judaism
344:Land of Israel
303:Principles of faith
5534:Judaism portal
5470:Jews and Halloween
5465:Jews and Christmas
4855:Rabbinic authority
4607:Judaeo-Piedmontese
4040:Xueta Christianity
3945:Origins of Judaism
3912:Outline of Judaism
3803:The New York Times
3799:"Reclaiming 'Jew'"
3713:. 8 February 2015.
3416:
3105:Hellenistic Jewish
3097:
2882:2 Chronicles 32:18
2783:
2764:
2327:Jewish Koine Greek
1869:Dominican Republic
1150:Judaism by country
829:Jews and Christmas
684:Assyrian captivity
179:possibly contains
5581:Antisemitic slurs
5543:
5542:
5509:extinct languages
5410:YIVO Encyclopedia
5185:Hebrew literature
5153:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
4993:Reconstructionist
4671:Judaeo-Portuguese
4360:
4359:
4316:Eastern Sephardim
3960:Synagogal Judaism
3855:978-0-618-60499-9
3764:978-1-60473-188-0
3737:978-0-8173-5563-0
3679:Jastrow, Marcus.
2906:tribe of Benjamin
2793:According to the
2750:
2749:
2742:
2589:
2588:
2538:
2537:
2286:
2285:
2033:Reconstructionist
1977:
1976:
1129:
1128:
936:
935:
773:Jewish–Roman wars
721:Hasmonean dynasty
637:Kingdom of Israel
541:
540:
242:
241:
234:
224:
223:
216:
181:original research
162:
161:
154:
136:
59:
5593:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5517:
5516:
4649:Judeo-Golpaygani
4250:Palestinian Jews
4225:Alexandrian Jews
4181:Crimean Karaites
4098:Unterlander Jews
4051:
3965:Rabbinic Judaism
3890:
3883:
3876:
3867:
3860:
3859:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3622:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3568:. Archived from
3562:
3556:
3541:
3380:
3350:
3320:
3318:[ˈjuːdə]
3292:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3146:
3124:
3110:
3081:
3074:
3049:
2975:
2916:(Jewish man) in
2903:
2887:
2875:
2863:
2852:
2827:kingdom of Judah
2804:
2781:("of the Jews").
2745:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2725:
2702:
2694:
2629:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2430:
2311:
2132:
2126:
2107:
2071:
2018:
1965:New Zealand
1917:
1880:El Salvador
1870:
1802:Northern America
1794:
1388:
1144:
1055:Crimean Karaites
951:
929:
927:
848:
846:
838:
832:
823:
811:Rabbinic Judaism
792:
786:
780:
768:
756:
722:
715:Maccabean Revolt
692:
685:
679:
671:
664:
658:
650:
632:
556:
530:
425:
357:
345:
244:
237:
230:
219:
212:
208:
205:
199:
196:inline citations
172:
171:
164:
157:
150:
146:
143:
137:
135:
94:
70:
62:
51:
29:
28:
21:
5601:
5600:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5546:
5545:
5544:
5539:
5528:
5526:
5498:
5324:
5189:
5061:
4935:
4829:
4644:Judeo-Borujerdi
4619:Judeo-Malayalam
4565:Judeo-Aragonese
4536:Lishanid Noshan
4368:
4356:
4088:Oberlander Jews
4049:
3979:
3921:
3903:
3894:
3864:
3863:
3856:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3826:
3824:
3823:. 30 March 2021
3815:
3814:
3810:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3765:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3690:
3688:
3685:www.sefaria.org
3678:
3677:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3658:www.sefaria.org
3652:Klein, Ernest.
3651:
3650:
3646:
3639:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3605:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3575:
3573:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3555:13a:2 (Talmud).
3542:
3538:
3533:
3470:reappropriation
3438:
3432:
3424:State of Israel
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3362:'s dictionary,
3337:
3057:
2795:Book of Genesis
2791:
2756:
2746:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2719:
2715:primary sources
2703:
2692:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2585:
2540:
2539:
2427:
2417:
2416:
2407:Judeo-Malayalam
2387:Judaeo-Georgian
2307:
2298:
2288:
2287:
2188:Yiddish theatre
2130:
2068:
2058:
2057:
2016:
1989:
1979:
1978:
1915:
1868:
1792:
1386:
1170:Genetic studies
1141:
1131:
1130:
948:
938:
937:
925:
924:
844:
843:
836:
826:
821:
803:and Middle Ages
801:Rabbinic period
788:
782:
775:
763:
734:
720:
690:
683:
674:
666:
662:
653:
648:in Judaism
645:
630:
553:
543:
542:
422:
412:
411:
355:
343:
288:
238:
227:
226:
225:
220:
209:
203:
200:
185:
173:
169:
158:
147:
141:
138:
101:"Jew" word
95:
93:
83:
71:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5599:
5597:
5589:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5548:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5523:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5476:non-Christian
5474:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5432:
5425:
5418:
5413:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5372:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5334:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5251:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5222:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5199:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5175:Shulchan Aruch
5172:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5163:Sefer Yetzirah
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5143:Pardes Rimonim
5140:
5133:Kabbalah texts
5130:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5077:
5071:
5069:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4945:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4926:Land of Israel
4923:
4922:
4921:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4839:
4837:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4804:
4802:Judeo-Alsatian
4794:
4793:
4792:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4654:Judeo-Hamedani
4651:
4646:
4641:
4631:
4629:Judaeo-Occitan
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4570:Jewish English
4567:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4501:Judaeo-Aramaic
4498:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4489:Judeo-Tunisian
4486:
4481:
4479:Judeo-Moroccan
4476:
4475:
4474:
4472:Judeo-Baghdadi
4459:
4454:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4376:
4374:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4328:
4323:
4321:Livornese Jews
4318:
4308:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4168:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4068:Afrikaner-Jode
4059:
4057:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3861:
3854:
3834:
3808:
3789:
3770:
3763:
3743:
3736:
3716:
3698:
3671:
3644:
3637:
3610:
3603:
3582:
3557:
3545:Marcus Jastrow
3535:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3431:
3428:
3420:modern English
3386:
3383:
3377:Marcus Jastrow
3373:
3360:Marcus Jastrow
3336:
3333:
3188:Middle English
3056:
3053:
3027:the terms are
2982:
2981:
2970:became Yehudim
2964:which states:
2958:
2957:
2956:, had exiled."
2950:Nebuchadnezzar
2866:Masoretic text
2815:Tribe of Judah
2790:
2784:
2748:
2747:
2706:
2704:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2485:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2468:Territorialism
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2437:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2352:Judaeo-Spanish
2349:
2347:Judaeo-Iranian
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2210:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2177:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2154:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2127:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2076:
2075:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1793:United Kingdom
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1226:Bilad-el-Sudan
1223:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1179:Land of Israel
1175:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1039:
1038:
1037:Related groups
1034:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
970:
969:
964:
949:
944:
943:
940:
939:
934:
933:
932:
931:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
894:Jewish atheism
891:
886:
881:
873:
872:
868:
867:
866:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:Islamic–Jewish
840:
833:
818:
813:
805:
804:
797:
796:
795:
794:
770:
757:
729:
724:
717:
712:
710:Yehud Medinata
704:
703:
697:
696:
695:
694:
687:
680:
672:
659:
651:
639:
634:
627:
619:
618:
616:Ancient Israel
612:
611:
610:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
572:Land of Israel
569:
561:
560:
554:
549:
548:
545:
544:
539:
538:
537:
536:
531:
527:Shulchan Aruch
522:
517:
512:
507:
499:
498:
497:
496:
491:
483:
482:
476:
475:
474:
473:
468:
460:
459:
453:
452:
451:
450:
445:
440:
432:
431:
423:
418:
417:
414:
413:
410:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
352:
347:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
305:
300:
293:God in Judaism
289:
284:
283:
280:
279:
278:
277:
272:
264:
263:
253:
252:
240:
239:
222:
221:
176:
174:
167:
160:
159:
74:
72:
65:
60:
34:
33:
31:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5598:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5576:English words
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5536:
5535:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5506:
5501:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5460:Protestantism
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5321:
5318:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5148:Sefer HaBahir
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5131:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5075:Sifrei Kodesh
5073:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4932:
4931:Who is a Jew?
4929:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4860:Chosen people
4858:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4826:
4823:
4817:
4816:Scots-Yiddish
4814:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4789:Klezmer-loshn
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4659:Judeo-Shirazi
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4634:Judeo-Persian
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4624:Judeo-Marathi
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4602:Judeo-Italian
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4457:Judeo-Amazigh
4455:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4367:
4363:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4280:Hadhrami Jews
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4245:Mountain Jews
4243:
4241:
4240:Egyptian Jews
4238:
4236:
4235:Bukharan Jews
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4023:Lists of Jews
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3891:
3886:
3884:
3879:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3857:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3838:
3835:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3793:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3774:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3747:
3744:
3739:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3720:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3699:
3686:
3682:
3675:
3672:
3659:
3655:
3648:
3645:
3640:
3638:0-87779-809-5
3634:
3630:
3626:
3621:
3614:
3611:
3606:
3604:0-8386-3660-8
3600:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3572:on 2005-11-29
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3516:Jewish people
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3391:Who is a Jew?
3384:
3378:
3372:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3354:
3346:
3342:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3288:
3284:
3283:Ebri / Ebrani
3281:and Spanish,
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3194:derives from
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3145:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3021:modern Hebrew
3017:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2979:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2890:Jeremiah 34:9
2883:
2879:
2871:
2867:
2859:
2854:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2800:
2796:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2775:John Hyrcanus
2772:
2768:
2760:
2755:
2744:
2741:
2733:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2707:This section
2705:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2684:Jewish people
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2625:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:Judeo-Aramaic
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2382:Judeo-Italian
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:Ghardaïa Sign
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:Denominations
1983:
1982:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1815:United States
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1301:Guinea-Bissau
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1155:Lists of Jews
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
958:
955:
954:
953:
952:
947:
942:
941:
930:
922:
920:
917:
915:
914:The Holocaust
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
875:
874:
869:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
841:
839:
834:
830:
824:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
807:
806:
802:
798:
791:
785:
779:
774:
771:
767:
761:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
706:
705:
702:
698:
693:
688:
686:
681:
677:
673:
670:
665:
660:
656:
652:
649:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
628:
626:
623:
622:
621:
620:
617:
613:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
564:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
546:
535:
532:
529:
528:
523:
521:
518:
516:
515:Mishneh Torah
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
501:
500:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
484:
481:
477:
472:
469:
467:
464:
463:
462:
461:
458:
454:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
434:
433:
430:
426:
421:
416:
415:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
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281:
276:
275:Who is a Jew?
273:
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246:
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218:
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177:This article
175:
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103: –
102:
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97:Find sources:
91:
87:
81:
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75:This article
73:
69:
64:
63:
58:
56:
49:
48:
43:
42:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
5525:
5518:
5504:
5427:
5420:
5408:
5391:
5386:
5374:
5208:perspectives
5042:Samaritanism
5003:Neo-Hasidism
4983:Conservative
4897:Names of God
4806:
4787:
4597:Judaeo-Greek
4592:Judeo-Gascon
4531:Lishán Didán
4526:Lishana Deni
4494:Judeo-Yemeni
4462:Judeo-Arabic
4336:Meshuchrarim
4255:Persian Jews
4188:Kurdish Jews
4166:Kaifeng Jews
4115:Beta Abraham
4078:Galitzianers
4033:Antisemitism
4008:Israeli Jews
3993:Assimilation
3844:
3837:
3825:. Retrieved
3811:
3802:
3792:
3783:
3773:
3753:
3746:
3726:
3719:
3710:
3701:
3689:. Retrieved
3684:
3674:
3662:. Retrieved
3657:
3647:
3624:
3613:
3594:
3585:
3574:. Retrieved
3570:the original
3560:
3548:
3539:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3477:
3473:
3457:
3449:
3441:
3439:
3417:
3407:
3404:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3352:
3341:Ernest Klein
3338:
3326:
3312:
3306:
3298:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3246:
3238:
3230:
3228:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3154:
3131:
3119:
3112:
3098:
3063:A page from
3044:
3037:banū isrāʼīl
3036:
3032:
3028:
3018:
3006:Bnei Yisrael
3005:
3001:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2974:מִתְיַהֲדִים
2969:
2959:
2913:
2898:Esther 2:5–6
2893:
2878:2 Kings 16:6
2874:הַיְּהוּדִים
2869:
2857:
2855:
2846:
2806:
2792:
2786:
2778:
2736:
2727:
2708:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2653:
2645:
2635:
2606:
2597:
2596:
2590:
2531:Post-Zionism
2402:Judeo-Berber
2397:Judeo-Arabic
2357:Judeo-Gascon
2104:Pidyon haben
2023:Conservative
1569:Saudi Arabia
1387:South Africa
1376:Sierra Leone
1198:Israeli Jews
1112:Mosaic Arabs
1065:Kaifeng Jews
926:Arab–Israeli
899:Emancipation
778:Great Revolt
587:Anti-Judaism
582:Antisemitism
577:Name "Judea"
372:Baal teshuva
269:
228:
210:
201:
178:
148:
142:October 2012
139:
129:
122:
115:
108:
96:
84:Please help
79:verification
76:
52:
45:
39:
38:Please help
35:
18:
5571:Definitions
5561:Etymologies
5450:Catholicism
5032:Hellenistic
4870:Eschatology
4808:Lachoudisch
4733:Lotegorisch
4711:Lachoudisch
4701:Koiné Greek
4614:Judeo-Latin
4551:Palestinian
4445:Palestinian
4294:Mustaʿravim
4220:Afghan Jews
4208:Berber Jews
4132:Bene Israel
4120:Falash Mura
4110:Beta Israel
4028:Persecution
3970:Middle Ages
3591:Falk, Avner
3462:Nazi period
3446:antisemites
3291:عبری/عبرانی
3196:Old English
3128:Koine Greek
3065:Elia Levita
2990:Israel(ite)
2962:Esther 8:17
2928:the son of
2730:August 2022
2526:Revisionist
2516:Neo-Zionism
2123:Zeved habat
1916:Puerto Rico
1742:Netherlands
1574:South Korea
1559:Philippines
1439:Afghanistan
1306:Ivory Coast
1080:Crypto-Jews
1045:Bnei Anusim
1024:Bene Israel
989:Beta Israel
946:Communities
853:Middle Ages
592:Persecution
367:Bereavement
204:August 2022
5550:Categories
5445:Anabaptism
5387:Jew (word)
5254:Leadership
5067:Literature
5052:Secularism
4998:Humanistic
4865:Conversion
4835:Philosophy
4676:Judeo-Urdu
4440:Babylonian
4285:Saada Jews
4270:Adeni Jews
4063:Ashkenazim
4018:Samaritans
3985:Population
3940:Israelites
3817:"Jew down"
3576:2005-07-07
3531:References
3498:, is both
3496:Jew ethics
3492:Jew lawyer
3434:See also:
3385:Modern use
3351:which is "
3297:and Еврей
3243:Portuguese
3174:, earlier
3169:Old French
3126:using the
3101:Septuagint
2978:mityahadim
2952:, king of
2944:, king of
2888:).
2711:references
2650:Old French
2511:Maximalism
2463:Secularism
2443:Autonomism
2260:Literature
2053:Humanistic
1657:Azerbaijan
1619:Uzbekistan
1594:Tajikistan
1514:Kyrgyzstan
1499:Kazakhstan
1346:Mozambique
1321:Madagascar
1241:Cape Verde
1193:New Yishuv
1188:Old Yishuv
1139:Population
1117:Subbotniks
1075:Samaritans
1014:Romanyotim
957:Ashkenazim
904:Old Yishuv
884:Sabbateans
871:Modern era
863:Golden Age
790:Bar Kokhba
510:Beit Yosef
377:Philosophy
188:improve it
112:newspapers
41:improve it
5566:Ethnonyms
5507:indicate
5455:Mormonism
5440:Christian
5320:Symbolism
5308:Synagogue
5288:Mythology
5249:Education
5220:Astronomy
5203:Astrology
5020:relations
4825:Zarphatic
4773:Galitzish
4575:Yeshivish
4452:Catalanic
4415:Samaritan
4390:Ashkenazi
4371:Diasporic
4366:Languages
4311:Sephardim
4306:Romaniote
4193:Krymchaks
4127:Desi Jews
4003:Buddhists
3691:8 October
3687:. Sefaria
3664:8 October
3660:. Sefaria
3620:"Yiddish"
3440:The word
3255:Norwegian
3111:,
3002:Sanhedrin
2988:the word
2976:,
2938:Jerusalem
2934:Benjamite
2886:יְהוּדִית
2856:The term
2805:,
2779:Hayehudim
2771:Hasmonean
2690:Etymology
2640:and into
2521:Religious
2377:Zarphatic
2367:Bukharian
2337:Judeo-Tat
2322:Yeshivish
2296:Languages
2251:Sephardic
2241:Israelite
2231:Ethiopian
2221:Ashkenazi
2160:Religious
1950:Australia
1932:Venezuela
1838:Argentina
1820:Greenland
1732:Lithuania
1584:Sri Lanka
1579:Singapore
1504:Kurdistan
1469:Indonesia
1459:Hong Kong
1412:Abayudaya
1336:Mauritius
1070:Igbo Jews
1060:Krymchaks
979:Sephardim
847:relations
741:Sadducees
737:Pharisees
727:Sanhedrin
642:Jerusalem
402:Synagogue
270:Etymology
192:verifying
47:talk page
5520:Category
5490:Hinduism
5480:Buddhism
5382:Genetics
5298:Politics
5271:Marriage
5230:Holidays
5225:Calendar
5106:Rabbinic
5082:/Hebrew
5027:Haymanot
4954:Orthodox
4941:Branches
4914:Kabbalah
4909:Haskalah
4887:Holiness
4763:dialects
4743:Shassagh
4706:Krymchak
4686:Kayliñña
4580:Yinglish
4556:Galilean
4546:Talmudic
4541:Biblical
4516:Betanure
4435:Biblical
4430:Mishnaic
4425:Medieval
4410:Tiberian
4405:Yemenite
4395:Sephardi
4331:Paradesi
4275:Ḥabbanim
4265:Teimanim
4230:Baghdadi
4203:Maghrebi
4171:Karaites
4149:Gruzínim
4137:Kochinim
4055:Diaspora
4013:Karaites
3998:Atheists
3935:Timeline
3827:23 March
3593:(1996).
3466:genocide
3374:—
3349:יְהוּדִי
3156:Ioudaioi
3151:Ἰουδαῖοι
3144:Ἰουδαῖος
3133:Ioudaios
3115:and the
3109:יְהוּדִי
3073:יְהוּדִי
3043:term is
3033:al-yahūd
2998:religion
2948:, which
2942:Jeconiah
2922:Mordecai
2902:יְהוּדִי
2862:יְהוּדִי
2831:Benjamin
2803:יְהוּדָה
2773:coin of
2754:Ioudaios
2637:Ioudaios
2548:Category
2506:Kahanism
2453:Feminism
2425:Politics
2309:Biblical
2279:American
2226:Bukharan
2216:American
2116:Shidduch
2092:Clothing
2048:Haymanot
1994:Orthodox
1922:Suriname
1905:Paraguay
1858:Colombia
1757:Portugal
1667:Bulgaria
1604:Thailand
1554:Pakistan
1534:Mongolia
1529:Malaysia
1449:Cambodia
1423:Zimbabwe
1398:Tanzania
1276:Eswatini
1266:Ethiopia
1256:Djibouti
1236:Cameroon
1231:Botswana
1160:Diaspora
1122:Noahides
1095:Marranos
1019:Cochinim
1004:Bukharim
994:Gruzinim
984:Teimanim
974:Mizrahim
962:Galician
928:conflict
889:Hasidism
879:Haskalah
784:Diaspora
655:timeline
567:Timeline
480:Rabbinic
387:Kabbalah
362:Marriage
338:Tzedakah
328:Holidays
286:Religion
249:a series
247:Part of
5505:Italics
5330:Studies
5276:Divorce
5242:Kashrut
5237:Cuisine
5195:Culture
5126:Midrash
5121:Tosefta
5111:Mishnah
5099:Ketuvim
5094:Nevi'im
5057:Schisms
5047:Science
5037:Karaite
5008:Renewal
4969:Litvaks
4964:Hasidic
4919:Sefirot
4904:Halakha
4875:Messiah
4848:Mitzvah
4843:Beliefs
4797:Western
4783:Poylish
4778:Litvish
4768:Eastern
4758:Yiddish
4753:Shuadit
4738:Qwareña
4726:Tetuani
4721:Haketia
4696:Knaanic
4691:Kivruli
4639:Bukhori
4585:Heblish
4521:Hulaulá
4511:Barzani
4467:Yahudic
4400:Mizrahi
4260:Urfalim
4215:Mizrahi
4159:Neofiti
4154:Italkim
4083:Lita'im
3975:Zionism
3927:History
3901:Judaism
3553:Megilla
3408:"Yehud"
3323:cognate
3305:. (See
3303:Russian
3295:Persian
3287:Persian
3279:Italian
3263:Spanish
3184:Iudaeus
3165:Iudaeus
3122:Y'hūdāi
3117:Aramaic
3094:Iudaeus
3076:Yiddish
3047:Y'hūdāi
3041:Aramaic
3031:(sg.),
3014:Genesis
2994:Judaism
2954:Babylon
2918:Shushan
2870:Yehudim
2839:Levites
2807:Yehudah
2646:Iudaeus
2616:
2593:English
2491:General
2482:Zionism
2458:Leftism
2448:Bundism
2372:Knaanic
2332:Yevanic
2317:Yiddish
2274:Yiddish
2269:Israeli
2246:Mizrahi
2236:Israeli
2207:Cuisine
2183:Ancient
2165:Secular
2111:Kashrut
2087:Wedding
2074:Customs
2066:Culture
2043:Science
2038:Renewal
2028:Karaite
2009:Hasidic
1941:Oceania
1927:Uruguay
1895:Jamaica
1875:Ecuador
1843:Bolivia
1787:Ukraine
1762:Romania
1737:Moldova
1717:Hungary
1707:Germany
1702:Georgia
1692:Finland
1687:Estonia
1682:Denmark
1677:Czechia
1662:Belarus
1652:Austria
1647:Armenia
1624:Vietnam
1539:Myanmar
1524:Lebanon
1444:Bahrain
1403:Tunisia
1381:Somalia
1356:Nigeria
1351:Namibia
1341:Morocco
1271:Eritrea
1216:Algeria
1100:Neofiti
1009:Italkim
999:Juhurim
909:Zionism
858:Khazars
753:Sicarii
749:Zealots
745:Essenes
732:Schisms
597:Leaders
559:General
551:History
494:Tosefta
489:Midrash
466:Mishnah
448:Ketuvim
443:Nevi'im
392:Customs
323:Shabbat
318:Halakha
310: (
308:Mitzvot
295: (
261:Judaism
186:Please
126:scholar
5313:Hazzan
5303:Prayer
5180:Siddur
5116:Talmud
5080:Tanakh
5015:Neolog
4988:Reform
4976:Modern
4959:Haredi
4882:Ethics
4748:Shassi
4716:Ladino
4681:Karaim
4664:Juhuri
4506:Targum
4420:Signed
4385:Modern
4380:Hebrew
4348:Xuetes
4144:Dönmeh
4103:Yekkes
3852:
3761:
3734:
3635:
3601:
3504:Jewish
3500:vulgar
3450:Hebrew
3412:Judaea
3364:yehudi
3353:yehudi
3345:Hebrew
3299:Yevrey
3251:Danish
3235:German
3224:French
3200:Iudeas
3186:. The
3180:elided
3178:, had
3148:; pl.
3113:Yehudi
3083:German
3069:Hebrew
3039:. The
3029:yahūdī
3025:Arabic
2986:Talmud
2926:Shimei
2914:Yehudi
2894:Yehudi
2858:Yehudi
2847:y'hudi
2835:Simeon
2819:Canaan
2787:Yehudi
2678:, and
2608:Yehudi
2603:Hebrew
2553:Portal
2412:Domari
2342:Shassi
2303:Hebrew
2198:Humour
2142:Hiloni
2137:Aliyah
2097:Niddah
2082:Minyan
2017:Reform
2004:Haredi
1999:Modern
1900:Mexico
1885:Guyana
1848:Brazil
1810:Canada
1782:Sweden
1772:Serbia
1767:Russia
1752:Poland
1747:Norway
1727:Latvia
1712:Greece
1697:France
1672:Cyprus
1638:Europe
1609:Turkey
1599:Taiwan
1509:Kuwait
1494:Jordan
1484:Israel
1418:Zambia
1408:Uganda
1326:Malawi
1296:Guinea
1286:Gambia
1221:Angola
1207:Africa
1090:Dönmeh
1085:Anusim
1029:Berber
967:Litvak
919:Israel
825:
762:
676:Second
644:
505:Targum
471:Gemara
457:Talmud
429:Tanakh
382:Ethics
333:Prayer
128:
121:
114:
107:
99:
5485:Islam
5293:Names
5283:Music
5264:Rebbe
5259:Rabbi
5213:Monen
5168:Zohar
5089:Torah
5084:Bible
4198:Lemba
4073:Chuts
3405:"יהד"
3401:Yehud
3321:) is
3293:) in
3275:Ebreo
3271:Dutch
3259:judío
3239:judeu
3190:word
3176:juieu
3161:Latin
3138:Greek
3130:term
3090:Latin
3010:Jacob
2996:as a
2946:Judah
2896:. In
2851:יהודי
2811:Jacob
2799:Judah
2659:Iudea
2652:term
2642:Latin
2632:Greek
2624:Judah
2605:term
2595:term
2501:Labor
2496:Green
2193:Dance
2151:Music
1970:Palau
1890:Haiti
1853:Chile
1777:Spain
1722:Italy
1629:Yemen
1589:Syria
1564:Qatar
1544:Nepal
1489:Japan
1464:India
1454:China
1393:Sudan
1316:Libya
1311:Kenya
1291:Ghana
1281:Gabon
1261:Egypt
1246:Benin
1105:Xueta
1050:Lemba
669:First
534:Zohar
438:Torah
420:Texts
407:Rabbi
397:Rites
297:names
133:JSTOR
119:books
5556:Jews
3899:and
3897:Jews
3850:ISBN
3829:2024
3759:ISBN
3732:ISBN
3693:2023
3666:2023
3633:ISBN
3629:1453
3599:ISBN
3543:Cf.
3458:Jude
3313:Jude
3267:jood
3253:and
3247:jøde
3231:Jude
3099:The
3080:יוּד
2932:, a
2930:Kish
2833:and
2613:lit.
2591:The
1960:Guam
1955:Fiji
1910:Peru
1863:Cuba
1549:Oman
1519:Laos
1479:Iraq
1474:Iran
1431:Asia
1360:Igbo
1331:Mali
350:Brit
259:and
257:Jews
105:news
4892:God
3547:'s
3524:Jew
3518:or
3508:Jew
3494:or
3488:Jew
3474:Jew
3442:Jew
3418:In
3328:Yid
3301:in
3277:in
3269:in
3261:in
3249:in
3241:in
3233:in
3220:Iew
3216:Iuw
3212:Iuu
3208:Giu
3204:Gyu
3192:Jew
3172:giu
3087:Jud
3019:In
2713:to
2680:Iew
2676:Iuw
2672:Iuu
2668:Giu
2664:Gyu
2654:giu
2644:as
2634:as
2622:of
2598:Jew
2174:Art
520:Tur
312:613
190:by
88:by
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3656:.
3631:.
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3237:,
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3206:,
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2797:,
2686:.
2674:,
2670:,
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751:,
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