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Providence for their escape from this danger, the wealthier Jews endeavored to alleviate the condition of their coreligionists who had suffered from the persecutions. They collected grain and oil in storehouses, and supported poor Jews therefrom for a period of three years. In the great persecution of 1328, during which 6,000 Jews perished in
Navarre, those of Tudela did not escape.
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83:(known as "The Wise") in 1170 confirmed all the rights which Alfonso had granted them and assigned to them the castle precincts as a Jewish quarter. The king gave them a tax exemption on condition they maintained their section of the fortifications; he permitted them freely to sell their houses located in the former
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also had a Jewish physician, named
Solomon, to whom he not only granted baronial rights in the whole kingdom, but also gave farm-land and vineyards in two villages near Tudela. Further, in 1193, a few months before his death, he granted Solomon also proprietary rights in the bath located in front of
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The Jews of Tudela, whose 500 families had by 1363 diminished to 270, were greatly oppressed by the taxes imposed on them by the king. These in 1346 and the following years had amounted to 2,000 livres annually, and in 1375 to 3,382 livres. In addition, the Jews had to pay subsidies from time to
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of 1321 affected Tudela. About 30,000 rapacious murderers fell upon the Jews in Tudela, killing many of them. When, some time later, 500 (or, according to other accounts, 300) made another attempt to surprise the Jews, they were overcome by a knight who lay in wait for them. Out of gratitude to
104:, that they might be allowed to punish those Jews who violated their religious regulations. In a statute drawn up in March 1363 by the representatives of the community, it was decided to deal energetically with informers and slanderers. This statute was publicly read in all the synagogues on
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time. In consequence of the war with
Castile and owing to the ravages of the plague in 1379 and 1380, the community continued to decrease in numbers till in 1386 there were scarcely 200 Jewish families in the city, and these were so poor that the taxes could not be collected from them.
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The Jews of Tudela followed various occupations. They traded in grain, wool, cloth and even, under Muslim rule, slaves. There were among them tanners, who were obliged to pay 35 sueldos a year to the king for the use of their tannery, which was situated on the river
75:(charter) granted in 1121 by the conqueror, and suspecting that their safety was threatened, they decided to emigrate; only at the special request of Alfonso and on his promise that they should be granted municipal rights similar to those of
129:, or gagers' bureau, where their weights and measures were subjected to official inspection. They engaged in money-lending also, while some of them - Don Joseph and Don Ezmel de Ablitas, for example - had large commercial houses. The
282:" and exposed in the nave of Tudela's cathedral until the end of the 18th century. Tudela still preserves some Hebrew documents in its archives. Also buildings associated with the Jewish community have survived to the present day.
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In
February 1235, Tudela was the scene of a rebellion against the government, when many Jews were wounded and several were sacrificed to the rage of the populace. Peace was restored only through a treaty between
100:), who drew up new statutes, inflicted penalties, excluded from membership in the community, and pronounced the ban. In 1359, the Jews of Tudela petitioned Don Luis, brother and representative of King
264:, under the influence of Ferdinand and Isabella, issued an edict to the effect that all Jews must either be baptized or leave the country. In Tudela, 180 families received baptism. The converts, or
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in 1119, the city contained a large number of Jews. In fact, several of Tudela's better-known Jews were born during the time of Muslim political control, although
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121:. Jewish shoemakers and gold- and silver-workers had their shops in a special market-place, for which in the year 1269 they paid 1,365 sueldos to
96:(repaired in 1401) and several smaller ones. The Jewish community had its own magistrates, comprising two presidents and twenty representatives (
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was born in Tudela or Toledo - he is famous as a poet, grammarian, mathematician, and astronomer - he has a lunar crater named after him (
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likewise was in their hands. Solomon and Jacob Baco and Ezmel
Falaquera were tax farmers, and Nathan Gabai was chief farmer of the taxes.
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89:; and he allowed them to establish a cemetery outside the city. He also showed tolerance in his regulation of their legal status.
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Tudela was the birthplace or residence of a number of Jewish scholars, the most famous of whom were the scholar
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Like his grandfather, who had for his body-physicians the Jews Don Joseph and Don Moses Aben Samuel, King
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157:(philosopher and apologist), and several members of the learned Minir family were born in the city. The
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The city of Tudela in northern Spain was the oldest and most important Jewish community in the former
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In 1492, the Jews were expelled from the dominions of
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was probably born soon after the
Christian conquest.
373:. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot.
171:, author of sermons, kabbalist and student of Rabbi
344:The statute is given in Kayserling, l.c. pp. 206
145:(c. 1075-1141) and the 12th-century traveller
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39:goes back well over one thousand years.
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278:were published in a great roll called "
153:(author of the "Tzeror ha-Chayyim"),
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175:who flourished in the 14th century;
112:Professions and economic activities
453:Jews and Judaism in Europe by city
167:Other rabbis of Tudela are known:
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305:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
92:In the JuderĂa there was a large
69:The Jews were not content with a
50:Organisation under Christian rule
413:. City of Tudela. Archived from
387:. City of Tudela. Archived from
371:"The Jewish Community of Tudela"
315:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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333:Geschichte der Juden in Spanien
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164:passed his youth in Tudela.
20:History of the Jews in Spain
155:Shem-T'ob ben Isaac Shaprut
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125:. They had also their own
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357:Kayserling, l.c. pp. 200
307:"TUDELA (ancient Tutela)"
58:captured Tudela from the
179:, author of sermons and
458:Medieval Navarrese Jews
312:The Jewish Encyclopedia
230:and the city council.
448:Jewish Spanish history
443:Jewish history by city
243:Ferdinand and Isabella
417:on 12 September 2009
208:the Albazares gate.
131:farming of the taxes
81:Sancho VI of Navarre
411:"Escuela de Cristo"
262:John III of Navarre
185:Chasdai ben Solomon
56:Alfonso the Battler
463:Kingdom of Navarre
235:Shepherds' Crusade
181:Bible commentaries
173:Solomon ibn Aderet
151:Chayyim ben Samuel
147:Benjamin of Tudela
64:Benjamin of Tudela
44:Kingdom of Navarre
169:Joshua ibn Shuaib
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189:Abraham Ibn Ezra
177:Joel ibn Shu'aib
162:Abraham Abulafia
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221:Persecution
123:Theobald II
437:Categories
286:References
199:Physicians
106:Yom Kippur
102:Charles II
54:When King
335:, i. 197.
276:conversos
267:conversos
253:, by the
205:Sancho VI
127:motalafla
98:regidoros
94:synagogue
421:12 April
395:12 April
280:La Manta
272:Marranos
193:Abenezra
159:cabalist
137:Scholars
359:et seq.
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247:Castile
86:JuderĂa
60:Muslims
346:et seq
251:Aragon
183:; and
77:Nájera
32:Tudela
72:fuero
37:Spain
423:2010
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