1680:
1915, by a vote of 681 to 25, residents of 108,732 acres (440 km) of the San
Fernando Valley (excluding Rancho El EscorpiĂłn and the communities of Owensmouth, Lankershim, Burbank and San Fernando) voted to be annexed by the City of Los Angeles. Owensmouth was annexed in 1917, West Lankershim in 1919, Chatsworth in 1920, and Lankershim in 1923. Small remote portions of the north and west Valley were annexed piecemeal even later: most of Rancho El EscorpiĂłn in 1958 and the remainder of Ben Porter's ranch as late as 1965. Burbank and San Fernando remain independent cities to this day.
1643:
1432:
763:
1070:
1376:
1335:
1784:
315:
45:
852:
1250:
870:
958:
1367:, and leased land from the Association to test his theories. After a drought destroyed the majority of the sheep in 1875, the remainder of the property was given over to raising wheat and barley. In time, the Lankershim property, under its third name, the Los Angeles Farming and Milling Company, would become the world's largest wheat-growing empire.
1456:(later Lankershim, and now North Hollywood) along the old Tulare Road from Cahuenga Pass to San Fernando. On April 1, 1888, they offered ready-made small farms for sale, already planted with deep-rooted deciduous fruit and nut trees—mostly peaches, pears, and walnuts—that could survive the rainless summers of the Valley by relying on the high
1475:
across the Valley to
Chatsworth Park, which made one freight stop a day at Toluca, though the depot bore the new name of Lankershim. In 1896, under pressure from J. B. Lankershim, the post office at Toluca was renamed "Lankershim" after his father, although the new name of the town would not be officially recognized until 1905.
1351:. To complete the sale, the Valley was split lengthwise, with the Association purchasing the southern half and the northern half devolving to De Celis's heirs. The line of demarcation was a ploughed furrow across the Valley floor near the route of today's Roscoe Boulevard. In 1873, Isaac Lankershim's son and future son-in-law,
1611:, and James Boon Lankershim acquired "Tract 1000", the remaining 47,500 acres (192 km) of the southern half of the former Mission lands—everything west of the Lankershim town limits and south of the old furrow excepting the Rancho Encino. As the Los Angeles Suburban Homes company, they laid out plans for the towns of
808:. In or shortly before 1797 he was persuaded to cede this land to the Franciscans to be the site of a new mission, receiving in exchange a square league (4,460 acres (18 km)) of land in the southern valley by the perennial spring where the Portola Expedition had first entered the Valley. This property he also called
922:) that left one man dead on either side. Although the rebels retreated to the pueblo, they were victorious in defeat; the wounded governor resigned and returned to Mexico. Popular pressure increased on the government to disestablish the missions, and laws were passed to secularize the missions on August 17, 1833.
1359:, moved to the Valley and took over management of the property. Van Nuys built the first wood-frame house in the Valley. Initially, the two men raised sheep, changing the name of the company to the San Fernando Sheep Company. Van Nuys, however, thought the property could profitably grow wheat using the
1443:
reached Los
Angeles in 1885, fare wars between the two transportation giants brought ever more settlers to Southern California, and pressure rose to subdivide the great ranches of the Valley. In 1886, David Burbank sold his ranch to Los Angeles land speculators who formed the Providencia Land, Water
888:
from Spain, and
California came under control of the Mexican government. The 1824 Mexican Colony Law established rules for petitioning for land grants to individuals in California. Regulations enacted in 1828 attempted to break the monopoly of the missions and also made land grants easier to obtain.
1529:
Late in the decade the City of Los
Angeles sued all the ranchers of the Valley, claiming the rights not only to the surface water of the Los Angeles River and its tributaries, but to the groundwater as well. In 1899, the California Supreme Court sided with the city. Without a reliable water supply,
1679:
Valley farmers offered to buy the surplus aqueduct water, but the federal legislation that enabled the construction of the aqueduct prohibited Los
Angeles from selling the water outside of the city limits. For the Valley communities, the choice was consent to annexation or do without. On March 29,
1330:
That same year, De La Osa's widow sold Rancho Encino to James
Thompson, who raised sheep on the rancho for two years. Thompson in turn sold the property to the Garnier brothers in 1869. The Garniers also raised sheep on the property, and were known for the fine quality of their fleece, but they in
1474:
The land boom of the 1880s went bust by the 1890s, but despite another brutal drought cycle in the late 1890s, the fruit and nut farmers remained solvent for a time. The Toluca Fruit
Growers Association was formed in 1894. The next year the Southern Pacific opened a branch line slanting northwest
1266:
The devastation that ravaged the old rancho way of life between 1861 and 1865 had little to do with the Civil War raging to the east. The rains that started shortly before
Christmas, 1861, continued for most of the following month. The flooding that followed drowned thousands of cattle and washed
1342:
Eulogio de Celis had tried to sell his vast holdings in the Valley, but found no buyers. Squeezed by debt after the flood years, Andrés Pico had sold his half-interest in the Rancho ex-Mission San
Fernando to his brother PĂo Pico in 1862, retaining 2,000 acres (8 km) called the Pico Reserve
1232:
in 1861 disrupted mail service to California from the east via the old southerly "oxbow route". That year, Butterfield obtained a new contract to deliver mail between Los Angeles and San Francisco via a route diverging from the old road at the southeast corner of the Valley and traveling via the
1060:
and acquired the Rancho Encino, successfully raising cattle on the property. De la Osa took formal title to the Rancho under California law in 1851. Andrés Pico returned to his rancho in the Valley and made the former mission into "one of the most celebrated homes in the new California." After
965:
California was "land rich but poor in every other way, lacking cash, gunpowder, and support from Mexico." Governor Pico prepared for the inevitable war with the United States, and in 1845 began dispersing the vast mission lands. A square of land at the west end of the Valley near the historic
1482:(the New Road), it was later named the Chatsworth Grade Road, which continued in use until Santa Susana Pass Road (now Old Santa Susana Pass Road) was built in 1917. This was the first automobile route between the San Fernando and Simi Valleys. It also was the main northbound 'coast road' to
1451:
In October 1887, J. B. Lankershim and eight other developers organized the Lankershim Ranch Land and Water Company, purchasing 12,000 acres (49 km) north of the Caheunga Pass from the Lankershim Farming and Milling Company. Lankershim established a townsite which the residents named
1061:
California became a state on September 9, 1850, Pico served as a state assemblyman and senator, and became a brigadier general in the state militia. In 1854, Andrés Pico's nine-year lease on the Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando expired, and he purchased a half-interest in the property.
1055:
of 1849 created a near-insatiable demand for beef, which was raised on the ranchos of southern California, including those in the San Fernando Valley, and driven on the hoof to northern markets serving the gold fields. In the southern Valley, de la Osa sold Rancho La Providencia to
1014:
and proclaimed the Conquest complete. In Southern California, the Mexicans, for a time, resisted American troops, but when defeat became inevitable, PĂo Pico fled to Mexico. Don AndrĂ©s Pico arranged the peaceful surrender of Los Angeles to American forces under Lieutenant-Colonel
1391:
and his partner, George K. Porter of San Francisco. Porter's cousin Benjamin F. Porter subsequently purchased portions of Porter and Maclay's interests. Most of the land except the parcel northeast of the mission was used for wheat farming. Ben Porter's portion to the west (now
941:, who proposed to return the mission lands to the control of the church. The only reported fatalities in the day-long cannon battle along the river were two horses and a mule, but Governor Micheltorena was captured and summarily shipped back to Mexico. He was replaced by
1662:
broke ground on a permanent movie-making facility on the Providencia (Oak Crest Ranch) in the hills east of the mouth of the Cahuenga Pass that would become the first location of Universal City. Universal City moved to a new location, the Taylor Ranch in 1914. In 1914,
1275:
The road from Tejon, we hear, has been almost washed away. The San Fernando mountain cannot be crossed except by the old trail ... over the top of the mountain. The plain has been cut up into gulches and arroyos, and streams are rushing down every
1205:. The precipitous portion of the route down from the summit on the San Fernando Valley side was called the Devil's Slide; horses were usually blindfolded and chains were used to augment brakes on the steep descent. Passengers debarked and walked.
364:
to the annexation of much of it by the City of Los Angeles in 1915 is a story of booms and busts, as cattle ranching, sheep ranching, large-scale wheat farming, and fruit orchards flourished and faded. Throughout its history, settlement in the
1635:), a system of highways, and eventual incorporation into the city of Los Angeles. In the "Sale of the Century" in November 1910 they sold the remaining livestock and non-land assets of the Lankershim Farming and Milling Company at auction. The
834:. As the 19th century dawned, 541 Indians did the heavy work of the Mission San Fernando, tending the livestock and working the farmlands watered by irrigation from the mission's wells. The mission was famed for its red wine, and also grew
1220:
in 1856 increased the pressure on the ranchos. By 1859, with the cattle market in collapse and besieged by mounting debts, De la Osa converted his house at Rancho Encino into a roadside inn and began to charge patrons for his legendary
1807:
1427:
at San Fernando and ran the first through train from the transcontinental railroad's western terminus in San Francisco to Los Angeles. From this time, rail travel superseded long-distance travel by stagecoach in California.
700:
We saw a very pleasant and spacious valley. We descended to it and stopped close to a watering place, which is a large pool. Near it we found a village of heathen, very friendly and docile. We gave to this plain the name of
1444:
and Development Company, with Burbank as one of the directors. The land was surveyed and a business district was laid out, surrounded by residential lots. The outlying area was divided into small farms. They named the town
822:. The mission's grazing lands extended over the flatlands of the valley, and it also claimed jurisdiction over several smaller valleys to the north and west. From this time, the valley began to be called after the mission.
1343:
around the old Mission. When De Celis died in 1869, PĂo Pico, desperately in need of cash, sold his half-share to a group of investors assembled as the San Fernando Farm Homestead Association. The leading investor was
982:
on May 13, 1846, Pico sold the mission property outright to Eulogio de Celis for much-needed cash; Celis graciously extended the terms of his friend Andrés Pico's lease. From this time the property was known as
825:
The fathers were charged with "civilizing" the native peoples, which they named according to the mission which had jurisdiction over them. The native peoples associated with Mission San Fernando were called
754:, founded in 1777. By royal edict, all of the waters of the river and its tributaries were reserved for the Pueblo de Los Angeles, a condition which would have a profound impact on development of the Valley.
1582:
On July 29, 1905, the city announced its plans to bring water south from the Owens Valley—water that would only be made available to city residents. Construction began in 1908 and water from the
1667:
broke ground on Taylor ranch for the New Universal City in the hills east of the mouth of the Cahuenga Pass that would become the second location of Universal City in the San Fernando Valley,
1135:
partnership with County Supervisor David W. Alexander acquired the contract to supply Fort Tejon, and Banning drove the first stage run over the new cut in December 1854. Also the U. S. Army
1526:
soon superseded the old rail route to San Francisco via the San Fernando Pass for passenger travel, as that route had superseded the stagecoach route via Santa Susana Pass in the 1870s.
1280:
No mail was received at Los Angeles for five weeks. After the floods abated, grazing lands were turned into lush meadows and cattle flourished on the abundant grass. Surveyor General
369:(usually called simply "The Valley") was shaped by availability of reliable water supplies and by proximity to the major transportation routes through the surrounding mountains.
396:
and need for year-round water sources to sustain communities through the dry summer and fall months. In winter, torrential downpours over the western-draining watershed of the
1119:. The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors authorized funds to construct a 30-foot (9.1 m) deep cut to make the steep route north over the San Fernando Pass easier for
494:, of unclear etymology), in the lower foothills of the mountains near natural springs and a tule marsh. Other characteristic place-names of Tongva origin in the Valley include
3294:
1295:
in 1863 and 1864. Cattle perished, or were slaughtered and sold for the salvage value of their hides and horn, and land values plummeted. Ravenous locusts and a major
906:
in the Los Angeles area wanted the mission's rich grazing lands to be made available to private citizens, while those in the north, including Mexican governor General
914:
rose in armed rebellion against the governor, who led a party of soldiers to the Valley to put down the rebellion. The southern ranchers rode into the Valley via the
400:
entered the northeast Valley through Big Tujunga Canyon, Little Tujunga Canyon, and Pacoima Canyon. These waters spread over the Valley floor in a series of braided
1543:
In October 1903, George K. Porter sold an option to purchase his last 16,200 acres (66 km) of land in the north Valley to a syndicate led by Leslie C. Brand of
1347:, a Northern California stockman and grain farmer, who was impressed by the Valley's wild oats and proposed to raise sheep on the property. Other investors included
343:
136:
1077:
In 1851 the Los Angeles Court of Sessions recognized two rights of way through the Cahuenga Pass that connected Los Angeles with the Valley. One followed the old
1467:
In 1888, Ben Porter sold a portion of his property near the base of Santa Susana Pass to the Porter Land and Water Company, which platted it as the community of
1185:
In 1859, the California Legislature appropriated $ 15,000 (with additional funding provided by Los Angeles and Santa Barbara Counties) towards improving the old
1241:. This road became the main passenger route between Los Angeles and San Francisco, although traffic over the San Fernando Pass to the Central Valley continued.
925:
In 1843, Don Vicente de la Osa (or del la Ossa) was granted one league of land along the Los Angeles River at the southeast corner of the Valley which he named
894:
1755:"The Theatre of Science; a volume of progress and achievement in the motion picture industry" by Robert Grau : Page 287 - 1914 Broadway Pub. Co. New York
131:
3284:
1721:
1439:
The world wheat market remained strong through the 1870s and early 1880s, but then supply began to exceed demand, and prices began to fall. When the rival
392:
measures of the 20th century, the location of human settlements in the San Fernando Valley was constrained by two forces: the necessity of avoiding winter
1208:
Southern California's boom market in beef had begun to decline as early as 1855 as it became profitable to drive cattle and sheep to California from the
161:
2858:
593:
and other artifacts have been identified by archeologists at a site, Hu'wam, which is thought to have been a meeting place and trading center for the
404:
that was seven miles wide as late as the 1890s, periodically cutting new channels and reusing old ones, before sinking into the gravelly subterranean
151:
94:
1453:
1416:
446:, had inhabited the area for at least 7,000 years. These peoples tended to settle on well-watered and wooded areas at the Valley's margins. The
731:
that studded the area. The expedition proceeded northward, camping at a site in the northern Valley before crossing over the mountains into the
2727:
2356:
1976:
789:
264:
1547:. In 1904, Brand's syndicate incorporated as the San Fernando Mission Land Company, whose major shareholders included Los Angeles businessmen
2887:
1393:
815:
443:
216:
1233:
former El Camino Real as far as Rancho Encino before striking northwest across the valley floor for Santa Barbara via the recently improved
1624:
236:
897:
gained the power to grant state lands, and many of the earlier Spanish grazing concessions were subsequently patented under Mexican law.
1628:
1468:
1420:
1198:
1038:, signed on February 2, 1848, ended the war and ceded California to the United States, paving the way for California statehood in 1850.
439:
336:
241:
121:
408:
below the eastern Valley and continuing their southward journey underground. Only when the waters encountered the rocky roots of the
297:
3245:
3218:
3191:
3143:
3116:
3087:
3059:
3026:
2999:
2970:
2941:
2914:
2839:
2812:
1632:
1612:
211:
59:
2269:
3162:
586:
538:
496:
274:
206:
141:
84:
1478:
A new Santa Susana Pass wagon route bypassing the deteriorating Devil's Slide was opened in 1895 to the north. Initially called
3289:
1616:
788:
or mayor of Los Angeles from 1793 to 1795, had set up a grazing operation which he called Rancho Encino located in what is now
751:
471:
231:
201:
196:
171:
1564:
984:
779:
666:
622:
329:
246:
191:
181:
111:
23:
1383:
A 56,000-acre (227 km) parcel of De Celis's property north of the great furrow was purchased in 1874 by state senator
610:
1323:, a dentist and entrepreneur from Los Angeles, purchased Rancho Providencia and 4,607 acres (19 km) of the adjacent
3299:
1817:
279:
176:
3051:
1507:
1234:
1190:
1140:
1100:
1078:
1035:
885:
670:
302:
126:
64:
1419:
from Los Angeles, which became the depot for the north Valley farmers to ship their wheat crops south to the port at
838:, figs and olives. By 1826, 56,000 longhorn cattle and 1,500 horses grazed on the mission lands of the valley floor.
2774:
1431:
1715:
1668:
693:
116:
1483:
1167:
1159:
1082:
1011:
979:
762:
2647:"Pacific Electric San Fernando Valley Line, the Electric Railway Historical Association of Southern California"
1877:
1651:
1604:
1408:
1284:
had the damaged cut in the San Fernando Pass deepened to 90 feet (27.4 m) and named the slot-like roadway
1136:
1096:
805:
606:
226:
1069:
2867:
1572:
1388:
1281:
1139:
found the Fort Tejon Pass a much easier route for wagons than the old Tejon Pass, and this route became the
919:
486:; it means "place of the mountain"). In the north-central Valley was an apparently permanent village called
1878:"Ethnohistoric Overview for the Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park Cultural Resources Inventory Project"
1642:
1375:
1802:
1560:
1128:
1123:
traffic, and a group of businessmen raised funds by subscription to complete the work. Young entrepreneur
974:. The majority of the mission's grazing lands and mission buildings were leased to the governor's brother
971:
689:
618:
578:
409:
186:
146:
79:
1319:
In the decade after the Civil War, the majority of the old ranchos in the Valley changed hands. In 1867,
1182:
and traveled northwest to the San Fernando Pass with a stage stop at Lopez Station north of the mission.
1812:
1797:
1608:
1400:
1356:
1352:
1108:
930:
864:
771:
681:
463:
455:
397:
32:
830:
regardless of tribal affiliation or language, as those associated with Mission San Gabriel were called
2672:
1583:
1544:
1152:
1052:
1007:
743:
732:
646:
221:
89:
2734:
1973:
1765:
1689:
1548:
1519:
1445:
1261:
1163:
938:
877:
801:
715:
The watering place was a pool fed by a perennial spring at what is now Encino, near the village of
506:
366:
74:
819:
1789:
1697:
1590:
1229:
1148:
1057:
1031:
near the mouth of the Cahuenga Pass, at the southeast corner of the Valley, on January 13, 1847.
1020:
926:
809:
642:
574:
420:
361:
2667:
1016:
3251:
3241:
3224:
3214:
3197:
3187:
3149:
3139:
3122:
3112:
3093:
3083:
3065:
3055:
3032:
3022:
3005:
2995:
2976:
2966:
2947:
2937:
2920:
2910:
2893:
2883:
2845:
2835:
2818:
2808:
2680:(9). New York: Chalmers Publishing Company: 1250. 29 August 1914 – via Internet Archive.
2277:
1703:
1599:
1440:
1324:
1238:
1186:
1028:
775:
739:
658:
630:
555:
424:
319:
3138:. San Marino, California: Golden West Books & Los Angeles Railroad Heritage Foundation.
1737:"Oak Crest, a film city by itself" The New York Dramatic Mirror - January 15, 1913 page 49.
1589:
Real estate development once again boomed. In the "biggest land transaction ever recorded in
1344:
1334:
654:
529:
1980:
1523:
1412:
1360:
1124:
1087:
907:
650:
614:
598:
566:
551:
533:
475:
451:
435:
69:
2106:
1925:
1761:; by John Drinkwater (Carl Laemmle views Nestor ranch and names the area Universal City))
1772:
Universal History 1912 to 1915– "Frickr Universal Image collection" by Dennis Dickens.
2989:
2960:
1709:
1594:
1515:
1511:
1495:
1384:
1306:
way of life fell to a wave of overwhelming debt and unpaid taxes, never to rise again.
1178:
made its first run in the fall of 1858. The original route entered the Valley through
975:
967:
728:
685:
662:
570:
3174:
1752:
The Cowboys, Indians and zoo 1914 first assets to be moved to the new Universal City.
1327:. Burbank combined his properties into a nearly 9,000-acre (36 km) sheep ranch.
585:
in the western area of the Valley, and much of the coastal areas to the northwest. At
3278:
3106:
1568:
1556:
1552:
1499:
1487:
1320:
1179:
999:
915:
800:
and limestone for building, and was situated a day's walk from the existing missions
797:
626:
594:
458:, had a series of villages in the southern Valley along or near the river, including
447:
389:
2457:
1664:
1659:
1639:
called the auction "the beginning of a new empire and a new era in the Southland".
1576:
1503:
1491:
1461:
1424:
1364:
1348:
1285:
1253:
1092:
851:
401:
2860:
Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park Cultural Resource Survey - Historic Overview
1249:
44:
665:, who recorded the expedition and identified locations for a proposed network of
1457:
1202:
1175:
1024:
942:
835:
378:
3080:
Universal City - North Hollywood: a centennial portrait: an illustrated history
869:
1779:
1655:
1620:
1194:
1144:
1120:
1116:
1104:
902:
873:
750:
be built on the site, which would be the second town in Alta California after
742:
that would be perfect for a settlement, possibly a mission, but in 1781, King
602:
582:
3201:
2991:
Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley–Los Angeles Water Controversy
2980:
2951:
2924:
3255:
3228:
3153:
3126:
3097:
3069:
3009:
2897:
2822:
1171:
995:
818:
was founded at Reyes's original rancho site on September 8, 1797, by Father
590:
405:
3036:
2554:
2552:
2849:
2539:
2537:
1808:
List of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in the San Fernando Valley
970:
village Hu'wam was granted to three of the mission Indians under the name
1299:
1296:
1132:
1003:
774:
north of the pueblo that included the southeastern corner of the Valley,
589:
below the rocky outcropping called EscorpiĂłn Peak (Castle Peak), Chumash
2440:
2438:
2379:
2377:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2202:
2200:
1411:, on September 15, 1874. The town plan included land for a station for
957:
3269:
1331:
turn became overextended and lost the property to foreclosure in 1878.
1292:
1217:
1209:
784:
1579:, the Company quietly exercised its option to purchase Porter's land.
991:
747:
684:, the expedition proceeded westward before turning north through the
431:
1734:"San Fernando Valley" By Marc Wanamaker (2011) Page 97, 103, and 106
1514:), was improved. Rail traffic through Toluca and Chatsworth Park to
1095:(now the Newhall Pass) to the Santa Clarita Valley, and through the
1027:
in California was signed at an adobe owned by the Verdugo Family at
1746:"A Motion Picture City ..." Daily Advocate, October 2, 1914, Page 6
1302:
completed the devastation. The rancho economy of the Dons and the
2160:
2158:
2156:
1658:
on December 7, 1912, and San Fernando on March 22, 1913. In 1912,
1641:
1430:
1374:
1333:
1248:
1213:
1068:
956:
868:
850:
761:
416:
393:
910:, preferred to keep the mission system intact. Late in 1831, the
1404:
1396:) remained one of the last parts of the Valley to be developed.
705:. It has on its hills and its valleys many live oak and walnuts.
413:
3045:
1646:
Van Nuys after the arrival of the Pacific Electric Railway 1911
1460:
along the Pacoima River (now the central or main branch of the
1379:
Map of the San Fernando Valley in 1880 by William Hammond Hall.
680:
After camping at and naming the location that would become the
3167:
The Quarterly of the Historical Society of Southern California
3082:(1st ed.). Chatsworth, California: Windsor Publications.
2880:
The Cattle on a Thousand Hills: Southern California, 1850-1880
2807:(1st ed.). Northridge, California: Windsor Publications.
2805:
The San Fernando Valley: Then and Now: An Illustrated History
2646:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
859:
of the Scott Tract of Rancho Rafael in modern Burbank, 1870s.
2962:
The Los Angeles River: Its Life, Death, and Possible Rebirth
2116:
2114:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
949:, who would become the last Mexican governor of California.
3078:
Link, Tom; Cordova-Molmud, Laura; Kelly, Robert J. (1991).
1749:"Scrap it" the Old Universal - 1915 Universal Tour Brochure
1103:
and the gold fields beyond. In 1854, the Army established
412:
were they pushed to the surface where they fed a series of
2909:(1st ed.). Bellflower, California: Shade Tree Books.
2907:
Pacific Electric and the Growth of the San Fernando Valley
2425:
2423:
2421:
1091:("the old road") north via Mission San Fernando, over the
2605:
2603:
2308:
2306:
2187:
2185:
2143:
2141:
1859:
1857:
1684:
References: San Fernando Valley Movie Making 1912 to 1915
1518:
and points north was made possible by the opening of the
649:
reached the Los Angeles area of California overland from
1189:
wagon road into a new stagecoach road, now known as the
1143:, the new wagon route to the southern goldfields on the
2965:. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press.
2690:
2621:
2558:
2516:
2492:
2480:
2444:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2383:
2235:
2206:
2132:
2034:
1530:
it became impossible to sell farm sites in the Valley.
796:. Reyes's property had a substantial water supply from
2882:. Huntington Library, University of California Press.
2357:"Dr. David Burbank, 1850: San Fernando Valley History"
1969:
1967:
1965:
1650:
The City of Burbank was incorporated in 1911, and the
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
1567:. One day after the city water commission, on which
721:
El Valle de Santa Catalina de Bononia de los Encinos
511:
2728:"City of Los Angeles Annexation and Detachment Map"
1586:reached the San Fernando Valley in November, 1913.
933:of February 20, 1845, was another face-off between
629:inhabited the Valley, along the tributaries to the
1085:via Rancho Encino. The other, Tulare Road, joined
738:Father CrespĂ had identified a location along the
3021:. Los Angeles, California: Pacific Rim Research.
3213:(3rd ed.). San Francisco: Chronicle Books.
1267:away fruit trees and vineyards. The Los Angeles
770:By the end of the century, Spain had issued two
3108:William Mulholland and the rise of Los Angeles,
2934:The Boom of the Eighties in Southern California
2803:Bearchell, Charles A.; Fried, Larry D. (1988).
1273:
698:
613:property, inaccessible but well protected. The
2834:(1st ed.). University of Oklahoma Press.
2702:
2164:
2107:Brief History of Vicente de la Ossa and Family
2046:
2022:
1448:and opened the tract for sale on May 1, 1887.
812:(also recorded as El Encino and Los Encinos).
536:were established in the valleys to the north;
373:Native peoples and the coming of the Spaniards
3136:The Southern Pacific in Los Angeles 1873–1996
1743:"Early Universal City"; by Robert S. Birchard
1740:"Universal City Visit" Rotarian February 1914
337:
8:
3240:. San Diego, California: Thunder Bay Press.
3111:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
2543:
1435:Map of the Lankershim Ranch properties, 1887
1291:The flood of 1861–62 was followed by severe
918:and the two armies faced off in a skirmish (
504:, which means "place of the old woman") and
1722:Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
1694:History of the San Fernando Valley to 1915
423:, and the sluggish stream that is now the
344:
330:
17:
3295:History of Los Angeles County, California
3186:(2nd ed.). Los Angeles Times Books.
3184:The San Fernando Valley: America's Suburb
2594:
2429:
2058:
2010:
1956:
1912:
1863:
1848:
1836:
1759:The Life & Adventures of Carl Laemmle
3270:Busch Gardens Van Nuys Historical Marker
3019:The San Fernando Valley Past and Present
2714:
2633:
2609:
2582:
2528:
2395:
2312:
2191:
2176:
2147:
2120:
2082:
1998:
1944:
1900:
703:Santa Catalina de Bononia de Los Encinos
609:pictographs are located on Rocketdyne's
3209:Levick, Melba; Young, Stanley (2004) .
2830:Beck, Warren A; Haase, Ynez D. (1974).
2570:
2343:
2324:
2297:
2070:
1829:
1654:reached Van Nuys on December 16, 1911,
998:and declared independence from Mexico.
288:
255:
160:
102:
51:
31:
20:
3161:Ripley, Vernette Snyder (March 1947).
2775:"Universal Film Manufacturing Company"
2256:
2218:
1706:Oak Crest - Universal/Bison 101 Movies
1147:and northward on the east side of the
880:owned most of the San Fernando Valley.
617:people inhabited the foothills of the
3134:Mullaly, Larry; Petty, Bruce (2002).
3047:Historic Adobes of Los Angeles County
2691:Link, Cordova-Molmud & Kelly 1991
2622:Link, Cordova-Molmud & Kelly 1991
2559:Link, Cordova-Molmud & Kelly 1991
2517:Link, Cordova-Molmud & Kelly 1991
2504:
2493:Link, Cordova-Molmud & Kelly 1991
2481:Link, Cordova-Molmud & Kelly 1991
2445:Link, Cordova-Molmud & Kelly 1991
2412:
2384:Link, Cordova-Molmud & Kelly 1991
2236:Link, Cordova-Molmud & Kelly 1991
2207:Link, Cordova-Molmud & Kelly 1991
2133:Link, Cordova-Molmud & Kelly 1991
2094:
2035:Link, Cordova-Molmud & Kelly 1991
1571:sat, approved a proposal to build an
1423:. In 1876, Southern Pacific opened a
1256:through the San Fernando Pass, c.1872
7:
2936:(6th ed.). Huntington Library.
1288:. But the reprieve was only brief.
895:Mexican Governors of Alta California
430:By the time the Spanish conquest of
1399:In the eastern section nearest the
1002:troops quickly took control of the
990:On June 18, 1846, a small group of
978:. After the United States declared
937:and an unpopular Mexican governor,
3285:History of the San Fernando Valley
2994:. Texas A&M University Press.
1464:) rather than surface irrigation.
816:Mission San Fernando Rey de España
482:(which the Spanish would write as
456:Uto-Aztecan or Shoshonean language
358:history of the San Fernando Valley
298:Bibliography of California history
14:
1065:Stage stops and the overland mail
360:from its exploration by the 1769
1782:
893:- a hand drawn sketch map. The
710:Father Juan Crespi, August, 1769
621:in the Valley (and north in the
313:
43:
3017:Jorgensen, Lawrence C. (1982).
2878:Cleland, Robert Glass (2005) .
384:Topography and early settlement
3105:Mulholland, Catherine (2000).
2832:Historical Atlas of California
1718:the two valley ranch locations
1539:Development in the new century
985:Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando
474:; means "place of the oak" in
438:in 1769, successive groups of
1:
3129:– via Internet Archive.
3012:– via Internet Archive.
2983:– via Internet Archive.
2763:. October 2, 1914. p. 6.
1926:"Mural at Pakoinga (Pacoima)"
884:In 1821, Mexico achieved its
653:. Accompanying him were two
611:Santa Susana Field Laboratory
3050:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania:
2458:"A Brief History of Burbank"
2049:, pp. 28, 68–69, 93–95.
1818:Rail transport in California
1338:Home of Isaac Van Nuys, 1882
766:Mission San Fernando c. 1900
512:
3052:Dorrance Publishing Company
2546:, pp. 36, 44, 170–172.
1363:technique developed on the
1191:Old Santa Susana Stage Road
1141:Stockton - Los Angeles Road
1073:Lopez Station in the 1860s.
1036:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
562:in the Fernandeño dialect.
303:Bibliography of Los Angeles
65:Province of Las Californias
3316:
3238:The Missions of California
3211:The Missions of California
3044:Kielbasa, John R. (1998).
2857:Bevill, Arthur D. (2007).
2703:Bearchell & Fried 1988
2165:Bearchell & Fried 1988
2047:Bearchell & Fried 1988
2023:Bearchell & Fried 1988
1851:, pp. 11–15, 135–136.
1597:, business manager of the
1259:
1197:between Santa Susana (now
862:
694:Saint Catherine of Bologna
376:
3182:Roderick, Kevin (2002) .
2988:Hoffman, Abraham (1981).
2959:Gumprecht, Blake (1999).
2932:Dumke, Glenn S. (1991) .
2759:"A Motion Picture City".
2270:"Old Stagecoach Trail at
1510:(the Old Royal Road, now
1417:Southern Pacific Railroad
1407:the Valley's first town,
1168:San Francisco, California
1162:stagecoach route between
1160:Butterfield Overland Mail
889:The procedure included a
2544:Mullaly & Petty 2002
2398:, pp. 32–34, 44–45.
2361:digital-library.csun.edu
1652:Pacific Electric Railway
1605:Hobart Johnstone Whitley
1371:Railroads and boom towns
1193:. The road ran over the
1137:Pacific Railroad Surveys
607:Burro Flats Painted Cave
3163:"The San Fernando Pass"
1425:tunnel through the pass
1282:Edward Fitzgerald Beale
1235:Santa Susana wagon road
1042:Gold Rush and statehood
920:Battle of Cahuenga Pass
778:and Rancho Portesuelo.
550:) is believed to be of
528:that likely comes from
3290:History of Los Angeles
2905:Coscia, David (2011).
2668:"Universal City Moves"
1803:History of Los Angeles
1647:
1593:", a syndicate led by
1436:
1380:
1339:
1278:
1257:
1074:
994:raised the California
962:
881:
860:
767:
713:
690:Santa Monica Mountains
677:was eventually built.
619:Santa Susana Mountains
579:Santa Monica Mountains
410:Santa Monica Mountains
80:Conquest of California
1813:California Water Wars
1798:Ranchos of California
1764:"Quiet on the Set" -
1700:First Movie Town 1912
1645:
1522:in 1904, and the new
1434:
1401:San Gabriel Mountains
1378:
1357:Isaac Newton Van Nuys
1353:James Boon Lankershim
1337:
1315:New names on the land
1252:
1113:La Cañada de las Uvas
1072:
960:
931:Battle of Providencia
872:
865:Ranchos of California
854:
765:
752:San José de Guadalupe
682:Pueblo de Los Angeles
516:, and in Fernandeño,
398:San Gabriel Mountains
320:California portal
275:Santa Catalina Island
3236:Yenne, Bill (2004).
2673:Moving Picture World
1584:Los Angeles Aqueduct
1520:Santa Susana Tunnels
1228:The outbreak of the
1053:California Gold Rush
953:Mexican–American War
792:near the village of
758:Mission San Fernando
744:Charles III of Spain
733:Santa Clarita Valley
692:on the feast day of
90:California Gold Rush
3300:San Fernando Valley
3173:(1). Archived from
2346:, pp. 131–137.
2300:, pp. 108–109.
1974:SSPSHP ethnohistory
1766:Iverson Movie Ranch
1690:San Fernando Valley
1549:Henry E. Huntington
1508:"Camino Real Viejo"
1262:Great Flood of 1862
1164:St. Louis, Missouri
972:Rancho El EscorpiĂłn
939:Manuel Micheltorena
878:Eulogio F. de Celis
772:grazing concessions
615:Tataviam-Fernandeño
552:Tataviam-Fernandeño
367:San Fernando Valley
270:San Fernando Valley
85:Interim governments
75:California Republic
2495:, pp. 31, 33.
1979:2010-03-14 at the
1790:Los Angeles portal
1698:Rancho Providencia
1648:
1591:Los Angeles County
1565:Harrison Gray Otis
1437:
1381:
1340:
1258:
1149:San Joaquin Valley
1075:
1058:David W. Alexander
1021:Treaty of Cahuenga
963:
927:Rancho Providencia
882:
861:
768:
669:, along which the
440:indigenous peoples
362:Portola expedition
2889:978-0-87328-097-6
2717:, pp. 62–63.
2693:, pp. 45–46.
2561:, pp. 36–38.
2519:, pp. 34–35.
2167:, pp. 94–96.
2123:, pp. 26–27.
2097:, pp. 18–19.
2001:, pp. 20–24.
1915:, pp. 34–35.
1876:Johnson, John R.
1729:Other references'
1704:Providencia Ranch
1637:Los Angeles Times
1619:(now Reseda) and
1600:Los Angeles Times
1561:Joseph F. Sartori
1441:Santa Fe Railroad
1325:Rancho San Rafael
1239:Santa Susana Pass
1187:Santa Susana Pass
1093:San Fernando Pass
1029:Campo de Cahuenga
776:Rancho San Rafael
740:Los Angeles River
647:Gaspar de PortolĂ
631:Los Angeles River
627:Tongva-Fernandeño
623:Santa Clara River
599:Chumash-Venturaño
595:Tongva-Fernandeño
558:origin and means
556:Tataviam language
462:(near modern-day
425:Los Angeles River
354:
353:
3307:
3259:
3232:
3205:
3178:
3177:on 5 March 2012.
3157:
3130:
3101:
3073:
3040:
3013:
2984:
2955:
2928:
2901:
2874:
2872:
2866:. Archived from
2865:
2853:
2826:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2733:. Archived from
2732:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2547:
2541:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2433:
2427:
2416:
2410:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2276:. Archived from
2266:
2260:
2254:
2239:
2233:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2195:
2189:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2151:
2145:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1983:
1971:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1882:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1534:The 20th century
1345:Isaac Lankershim
1109:Grapevine Canyon
806:San Buenaventura
711:
645:led by explorer
515:
450:, who spoke the
444:Native Americans
346:
339:
332:
318:
317:
316:
47:
36:
18:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3275:
3274:
3266:
3248:
3235:
3221:
3208:
3194:
3181:
3160:
3146:
3133:
3119:
3104:
3090:
3077:
3062:
3043:
3029:
3016:
3002:
2987:
2973:
2958:
2944:
2931:
2917:
2904:
2890:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2842:
2829:
2815:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2740:on 1 March 2017
2737:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2632:
2628:
2620:
2616:
2608:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2581:
2577:
2569:
2565:
2557:
2550:
2542:
2535:
2527:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2503:
2499:
2491:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2466:
2464:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2443:
2436:
2428:
2419:
2411:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2382:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2342:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2311:
2304:
2296:
2292:
2283:
2281:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2255:
2242:
2234:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2154:
2146:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2045:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1986:
1981:Wayback Machine
1972:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1686:
1677:
1541:
1536:
1480:El Camino Nuevo
1469:Chatsworth Park
1413:Leland Stanford
1373:
1361:dryland farming
1317:
1312:
1264:
1247:
1245:Civil War years
1125:Phineas Banning
1117:Fort Tejon Pass
1088:El Camino Viejo
1067:
1049:
1044:
1017:John C. Frémont
961:Don Andrés Pico
955:
908:Manuel Victoria
867:
849:
844:
780:Francisco Reyes
760:
746:ordered that a
729:Coast Live Oaks
712:
709:
671:royal highway (
651:Baja California
639:
452:Tongva language
436:Alta California
386:
381:
375:
350:
314:
312:
307:
284:
251:
156:
70:Alta California
42:
34:
27:
12:
11:
5:
3313:
3311:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3264:External links
3262:
3261:
3260:
3246:
3233:
3219:
3206:
3192:
3179:
3158:
3144:
3131:
3117:
3102:
3088:
3075:
3060:
3041:
3027:
3014:
3000:
2985:
2971:
2956:
2942:
2929:
2915:
2902:
2888:
2875:
2873:on 2012-11-05.
2854:
2840:
2827:
2813:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2766:
2761:Daily Advocate
2751:
2719:
2707:
2705:, p. 121.
2695:
2683:
2659:
2638:
2626:
2614:
2599:
2597:, p. 121.
2595:Jorgensen 1982
2587:
2575:
2573:, p. 126.
2563:
2548:
2533:
2521:
2509:
2507:, p. 102.
2497:
2485:
2473:
2449:
2434:
2430:Jorgensen 1982
2417:
2415:, p. 100.
2400:
2388:
2373:
2348:
2329:
2327:, p. 128.
2317:
2302:
2290:
2272:www.trails.com
2261:
2240:
2223:
2211:
2196:
2181:
2169:
2152:
2137:
2125:
2110:
2099:
2087:
2075:
2063:
2059:Jorgensen 1982
2051:
2039:
2027:
2015:
2011:Jorgensen 1982
2003:
1984:
1961:
1957:Jorgensen 1982
1949:
1937:
1917:
1913:Jorgensen 1982
1905:
1893:
1868:
1864:Gumprecht 1999
1853:
1849:Gumprecht 1999
1841:
1839:, p. 134.
1837:Gumprecht 1999
1828:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1724:Movie location
1719:
1716:Universal City
1713:
1710:Nestor Studios
1707:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1685:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1669:Universal City
1609:Isaac Van Nuys
1595:Harry Chandler
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1516:Ventura County
1512:U.S. Route 101
1496:Ventura County
1385:Charles Maclay
1372:
1369:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1310:After the Dons
1308:
1271:reported that
1260:Main article:
1246:
1243:
1101:Central Valley
1097:Old Tejon Pass
1079:El Camino Real
1066:
1063:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
954:
951:
929:. The nearby
863:Main article:
855:Sketch map or
848:
845:
843:
840:
798:artesian wells
759:
756:
723:refers to the
707:
686:Sepulveda Pass
673:El Camino Real
659:JunĂpero Serra
638:
635:
571:Chumash people
520:, with a root
385:
382:
374:
371:
352:
351:
349:
348:
341:
334:
326:
323:
322:
309:
308:
306:
305:
300:
294:
291:
290:
289:Bibliographies
286:
285:
283:
282:
277:
272:
267:
261:
258:
257:
253:
252:
250:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
217:San Bernardino
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
168:
165:
164:
158:
157:
155:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
108:
105:
104:
100:
99:
98:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
54:
53:
49:
48:
39:
38:
29:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3312:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3247:9781592233199
3243:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3220:0-8118-3694-0
3216:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3193:1-883792-55-X
3189:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3145:0-87095-118-1
3141:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3118:0-52021-724-1
3114:
3110:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3089:0-89781-393-6
3085:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3061:0-8059-4172-X
3057:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3028:0-941014-00-2
3024:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3001:0-89096-509-9
2997:
2993:
2992:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2972:0-8018-6642-1
2968:
2964:
2963:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2943:0-87328-003-2
2939:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2916:1-57864-735-5
2912:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2861:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2841:0-8061-1212-3
2837:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2814:0-89781-285-9
2810:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2755:
2752:
2736:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2715:Roderick 2002
2711:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2636:, p. 63.
2635:
2634:Roderick 2002
2630:
2627:
2624:, p. 40.
2623:
2618:
2615:
2612:, p. 48.
2611:
2610:Roderick 2002
2606:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2588:
2585:, p. 57.
2584:
2583:Roderick 2002
2579:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2531:, p. 46.
2530:
2529:Roderick 2002
2525:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2483:, p. 31.
2482:
2477:
2474:
2463:
2462:burbankca.gov
2459:
2453:
2450:
2447:, p. 28.
2446:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2432:, p. 82.
2431:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2396:Roderick 2002
2392:
2389:
2386:, p. 27.
2385:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2318:
2315:, p. 35.
2314:
2313:Kielbasa 1998
2309:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2291:
2280:on 2013-01-04
2279:
2275:
2273:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2238:, p. 25.
2237:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2221:, p. 43.
2220:
2215:
2212:
2209:, p. 23.
2208:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2194:, p. 29.
2193:
2192:Roderick 2002
2188:
2186:
2182:
2179:, p. 34.
2178:
2177:Kielbasa 1998
2173:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2150:, p. 26.
2149:
2148:Roderick 2002
2144:
2142:
2138:
2135:, p. 19.
2134:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2121:Roderick 2002
2117:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2085:, p. 24.
2084:
2083:Roderick 2002
2079:
2076:
2073:, p. 24.
2072:
2067:
2064:
2061:, p. 32.
2060:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2040:
2037:, p. 17.
2036:
2031:
2028:
2025:, p. 93.
2024:
2019:
2016:
2013:, p. 20.
2012:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1999:Roderick 2002
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1959:, p. 33.
1958:
1953:
1950:
1947:, p. 25.
1946:
1945:Roderick 2002
1941:
1938:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1903:, p. 20.
1902:
1901:Roderick 2002
1897:
1894:
1879:
1872:
1869:
1866:, p. 31.
1865:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1830:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1569:Moses Sherman
1566:
1562:
1558:
1557:Edwin T. Earl
1554:
1553:E.H. Harriman
1550:
1546:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:Conejo Valley
1497:
1493:
1489:
1488:San Francisco
1485:
1484:Santa Barbara
1481:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1377:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1321:David Burbank
1314:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1225:hospitality.
1224:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1180:Cahuenga Pass
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1083:Santa Barbara
1080:
1071:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1012:San Francisco
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:United States
997:
993:
988:
986:
981:
980:war on Mexico
977:
973:
969:
959:
952:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
923:
921:
917:
916:Cahuenga Pass
913:
909:
905:
904:
898:
896:
892:
887:
879:
875:
871:
866:
858:
853:
846:
841:
839:
837:
833:
829:
823:
821:
820:FermĂn LasuĂ©n
817:
813:
811:
810:Rancho Encino
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
790:Mission Hills
787:
786:
781:
777:
773:
764:
757:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
736:
734:
730:
727:or evergreen
726:
722:
718:
706:
704:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
678:
676:
674:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
641:In 1769, the
636:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
542:(Fernandeño:
541:
540:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
509:
508:
503:
500:(Fernandeño:
499:
498:
493:
490:(Fernandeño:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
390:flood control
383:
380:
372:
370:
368:
363:
359:
347:
342:
340:
335:
333:
328:
327:
325:
324:
321:
311:
310:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
293:
292:
287:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
262:
260:
259:
254:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
237:Santa Barbara
235:
233:
230:
228:
227:San Francisco
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
169:
167:
166:
163:
159:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
107:
106:
101:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
57:
56:
55:
50:
46:
41:
40:
37:
30:
25:
19:
16:
3237:
3210:
3183:
3175:the original
3170:
3166:
3135:
3107:
3079:
3046:
3018:
2990:
2961:
2933:
2906:
2879:
2868:the original
2859:
2831:
2804:
2797:Bibliography
2782:. Retrieved
2778:
2769:
2760:
2754:
2742:. Retrieved
2735:the original
2722:
2710:
2698:
2686:
2677:
2671:
2662:
2650:. Retrieved
2641:
2629:
2617:
2590:
2578:
2571:Hoffman 1981
2566:
2524:
2512:
2500:
2488:
2476:
2465:. Retrieved
2461:
2452:
2391:
2364:. Retrieved
2360:
2351:
2344:Cleland 2005
2325:Cleland 2005
2320:
2298:Cleland 2005
2293:
2282:. Retrieved
2278:the original
2271:
2264:
2214:
2172:
2128:
2102:
2090:
2078:
2071:Cleland 2005
2066:
2054:
2042:
2030:
2018:
2006:
1952:
1940:
1929:. Retrieved
1920:
1908:
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
1871:
1844:
1832:
1771:
1768:History 1984
1758:
1728:
1727:
1712:valley ranch
1678:
1665:Carl Laemmle
1660:Carl Laemmle
1649:
1636:
1598:
1588:
1581:
1577:Owens Valley
1542:
1528:
1504:Oxnard Plain
1492:Conejo Grade
1490:, until the
1479:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1462:Tujunga Wash
1450:
1438:
1409:San Fernando
1398:
1394:Porter Ranch
1382:
1365:Great Plains
1349:Levi Strauss
1341:
1329:
1318:
1303:
1290:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1227:
1222:
1207:
1184:
1157:
1112:
1086:
1076:
1050:
1033:
989:
964:
946:
934:
924:
911:
901:
899:
890:
886:independence
883:
856:
842:Mexican rule
836:pomegranates
831:
827:
824:
814:
793:
783:
769:
737:
724:
720:
716:
714:
702:
699:
679:
672:
640:
564:
560:the entrance
559:
547:
543:
537:
525:
521:
517:
510:(in Tongva,
505:
501:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
467:
459:
429:
387:
357:
355:
269:
242:Santa Monica
15:
2257:Bevill 2007
2219:Ripley 1947
1625:Canoga Park
1524:coast route
1458:water table
1389:Santa Clara
1286:Beale's Cut
1254:Beale's Cut
1203:Simi Valley
1176:Los Angeles
1047:Cattle boom
1025:hostilities
1023:ending the
976:Andrés Pico
945:, a native
935:Californios
912:Californios
903:Californios
832:Gabrielinos
828:Fernandeños
802:San Gabriel
719:. The name
663:Juan CrespĂ
637:Exploration
625:area). The
591:pictographs
388:Before the
379:Chaguayanga
187:Los Angeles
60:Before 1900
33:History of
3279:Categories
2505:Dumke 1991
2467:2017-12-16
2413:Dumke 1991
2284:2010-03-11
2095:Yenne 2004
1931:2020-07-19
1824:References
1675:Annexation
1656:Owensmouth
1629:West Hills
1621:Owensmouth
1421:Wilmington
1304:Californio
1276:declivity.
1223:Californio
1201:) and the
1199:Chatsworth
1195:Simi Hills
1145:Kern River
1121:stagecoach
1105:Fort Tejon
947:Californio
874:Californio
655:Franciscan
643:expedition
603:Simi Hills
587:Bell Creek
583:Simi Hills
581:, and the
573:inhabited
569:-speaking
476:Fernandeño
377:See also:
212:Sacramento
122:Newspapers
95:Since 1900
35:California
3202:611202438
2981:607227293
2952:228662953
2925:771938987
1575:from the
1403:, Maclay
1237:over the
1230:Civil War
1172:Fort Yuma
1004:presidios
996:Bear Flag
876:ranchero
794:Pasakngna
717:Siutangna
688:over the
601:. In the
554:people's
530:Ventureño
513:Topaa’nga
488:Pasakngna
468:Siutcanga
464:Calabasas
406:reservoir
222:San Diego
207:Riverside
132:Railroads
3256:56347927
3229:55681195
3154:49679842
3127:49570139
3098:22812623
3070:39318772
3010:44957282
2898:57693316
2823:18350426
1977:Archived
1776:See also
1633:Winnetka
1613:Van Nuys
1573:aqueduct
1545:Glendale
1502:and the
1498:between
1300:epidemic
1297:smallpox
1293:droughts
1216:, and a
1153:Stockton
1133:shipping
1008:Monterey
943:PĂo Pico
708:—
667:missions
657:Padres,
548:pakɨynga
544:pakoinga
534:Tataviam
532:). The
518:Tupá’nga
492:Paséknga
484:Cahuenga
480:Kawengna
460:Totongna
434:reached
280:Yosemite
265:Bay Area
232:San Jose
202:Piedmont
197:Pasadena
147:Eugenics
137:Highways
112:Maritime
24:a series
22:Part of
3037:8668305
2784:2 April
2366:2 April
1886:19 July
1603:, with
1446:Burbank
1405:platted
1218:drought
1210:Midwest
1129:staging
1115:) near
1107:in the
1099:to the
992:Yankees
968:Chumash
847:Ranchos
785:alcalde
725:encinos
539:Pacoima
522:topaa’-
507:Topanga
502:tuxunga
497:Tujunga
421:sloughs
417:marshes
256:Regions
247:Visalia
192:Oakland
172:Anaheim
142:Slavery
52:Periods
3254:
3244:
3227:
3217:
3200:
3190:
3152:
3142:
3125:
3115:
3096:
3086:
3068:
3058:
3035:
3025:
3008:
2998:
2979:
2969:
2950:
2940:
2923:
2913:
2896:
2886:
2850:947893
2848:
2838:
2821:
2811:
2779:Flickr
2744:16 May
2652:16 May
1631:, and
1617:Marion
1563:, and
1454:Toluca
1019:. The
891:diseño
857:diseño
748:pueblo
577:, the
575:Malibu
526:tupá’-
478:) and
472:Encino
470:(near
448:Tongva
432:Mexico
402:washes
394:floods
182:Fresno
162:Cities
103:Topics
26:on the
2871:(PDF)
2864:(PDF)
2738:(PDF)
2731:(PDF)
1881:(PDF)
1623:(now
1214:Texas
900:Many
567:Hokan
442:, or
177:Chico
127:Bread
3252:OCLC
3242:ISBN
3225:OCLC
3215:ISBN
3198:OCLC
3188:ISBN
3171:XXIX
3150:OCLC
3140:ISBN
3123:OCLC
3113:ISBN
3094:OCLC
3084:ISBN
3066:OCLC
3056:ISBN
3033:OCLC
3023:ISBN
3006:OCLC
2996:ISBN
2977:OCLC
2967:ISBN
2948:OCLC
2938:ISBN
2921:OCLC
2911:ISBN
2894:OCLC
2884:ISBN
2846:OCLC
2836:ISBN
2819:OCLC
2809:ISBN
2786:2018
2746:2009
2654:2009
2368:2018
1888:2020
1486:and
1355:and
1269:Star
1212:and
1174:and
1170:via
1166:and
1158:The
1131:and
1051:The
1034:The
1010:and
804:and
661:and
605:the
597:and
565:The
454:, a
414:tule
356:The
117:Wine
1506:on
1494:in
1415:'s
1387:of
1151:to
1127:'s
1081:to
1006:at
546:or
466:),
152:Oil
3281::
3250:.
3223:.
3196:.
3169:.
3165:.
3148:.
3121:.
3092:.
3064:.
3054:.
3031:.
3004:.
2975:.
2946:.
2919:.
2892:.
2844:.
2817:.
2777:.
2678:21
2676:.
2670:.
2602:^
2551:^
2536:^
2460:.
2437:^
2420:^
2403:^
2376:^
2359:.
2332:^
2305:^
2243:^
2226:^
2199:^
2184:^
2155:^
2140:^
2113:^
1987:^
1964:^
1856:^
1671:.
1627:,
1615:,
1607:,
1559:,
1555:,
1551:,
1471:.
1155:.
987:.
782:,
735:.
696:.
633:.
427:.
419:,
3258:.
3231:.
3204:.
3156:.
3100:.
3074:.
3072:.
3039:.
2954:.
2927:.
2900:.
2852:.
2825:.
2788:.
2748:.
2656:.
2470:.
2370:.
2287:.
2274:"
2259:.
1934:.
1890:.
1111:(
675:)
524:/
345:e
338:t
331:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
