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1392:, at an Extraordinary Congress of the Seychelles People's Progressive Front (SPPF) on 4 December 1991, President René announced a return to the multiparty system of government after almost 16 years of one-party rule. On 27 December 1991, the Constitution of Seychelles was amended to allow for the registration of political parties. Among the exiles returning to Seychelles was James Mancham, who returned in April 1992 to revive his party, the Democratic Party (DP). By the end of that month, eight political parties had registered to contest the first stage of the transition process: election to the constitutional commission, which took place on 23–26 July 1992.
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563:. In the following years, the islands became a backwater ticking over quietly. Seychellois landowners had a pleasant life, though making ends meet given the fickle markets for their produce was not always easy. The British had allowed all customary French practices to remain in place. The administrator may have been British, reporting to London, but he governed according to French rules. The biggest grievance the colonists had with their new masters was the colony's dependence on Mauritius.
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vulnerable to threats, intimidation, or exile throughout the 1980s. Disappearances and what appear to be politically motivated killing did take place but these are not officially documented or acknowledged. A number of
Seychellois families are now calling for official acknowledgement of politically motivated violence subsequent to the 1977 coup.
903:, a wage tribunal and free health care for all. During World War II, a seaplane depot was established on St Anne to monitor regional shipping. A garrison was stationed in the islands and a battery built at Pointe Conan to protect the harbour. Some 2,000 Seychellois men served in the Pioneer Companies in Egypt, Palestine and Italy.
178:, which arrived in Seychelles in January 1609. The islands were claimed by France in 1756. Seychelles remained uninhabited until the first settlers arrived on board the ship Thélemaque, which arrived on 27 August 1770. Captain Leblanc Lecore landed the first colonists, comprising 15 white men, eight Africans and five Indians. The
453:, the settlers formed a Colonial Assembly and decided they would run their colony themselves, according to their own constitution. Land in Seychelles should only go to the children of existing colonists, who should dispose of the colony's produce as they chose, not as Mauritius dictated. They deemed the abolition of
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on June 29, 1976. In 1970, Seychelles got a new constitution, universal adult suffrage, and a government council with an elected majority. Self-government was granted in 1975 and independence in 1976, within the
Commonwealth of Nations. In 1975, a coalition government was formed with James R. Mancham
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At home, Seychelles had turmoil of its own. The first political party, the
Taxpayers Association, was formed in 1939. A British governor described it as "the embodiment of every reactionary force in Seychelles", and it was entirely concerned with protecting the interests of the plantocracy. After the
482:
The
British made no effort to take over the Seychelles; it was considered a waste of resources. The settlers decided that unless they were sent a garrison, they could not be expected to defend the French flag. Therefore, they would remain neutral, supplying all comers. The strategy worked. The colony
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held under the new constitution was held between 23–26 July 1993, as well as a resounding victory for
President René. Three political groups contested the elections – the SPPF, the DP, and the United Opposition (UO) – a coalition of three smaller political parties, including Parti Seselwa. Two other
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The constitutional commission was made up of 22 elected members, 14 from the SPPF and 8 from the DP. It commenced work on 27 August 1992, with both
President René and Mancham calling for national reconciliation and consensus on a new democratic constitution. A consensus text was agreed upon on 7 May
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By the end of World War I, the population of
Seychelles was 24,000 and they were feeling neglected by Great Britain. There was agitation from the newly formed Planters Association for greater representation in the governance of Seychelles affairs. After 1929, a more liberal flow of funds was ensured
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World War I caused great hardship in the islands. Ships could not bring in essential goods, nor take away exports. Wages fell; prices soared by 150 percent. Many turned to crime and the prisons were bursting. Joining the
Seychelles Labour Contingent, formed at the request of General Smuts, seemed to
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Country
Reports on Human Rights Practices: Report Submitted to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives and Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate by the Department of State in Accordance with Sections 116(d) and 502B(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as Amended,
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In
February 1992, Conrad Greslé, a local accountant, landowner and advocate of multi-party democracy in Seychelles was arrested and charged with treason for allegedly planning to overthrow President René's régime with the apparent aid of foreign mercenaries and with supposed CIA involvement. Greslé
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who arrived in 1875 after their implication in the murder of the British Resident of Perak, JW Birch. Like many of the exiles who followed, they settled well into Seychelles life and became genuinely fond of the islands. Sultan Abdullah's son took home with him one of the popular local French tunes
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advocating independence. Further elections in November 1970 brought a new constitution into effect, with Mancham as Chief Minister. Further elections were held in April 1974, in which both major political parties campaigned for independence. Following this election, negotiations with the British
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On 12 August 1770, 15 white colonists, seven slaves, five Indians and one black woman settled on St Anne. Du Barré stayed in Mauritius seeking funds. After reports of initial success, he begged the government for more money. However, reports reached the authorities that ship captains could get no
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language developed as a means of communication between the different races. The British frigate Orpheus commanded by Captain Henry Newcome arrived at Mahé on 16 May 1794. Terms of capitulation were drawn up and the next day Seychelles was surrendered to Britain. Following the fall of Mauritius to
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wanted to know why Quincy had interfered, in contravention of his capitulation terms. Quincy managed to talk his way out of the difficulty, and even persuaded Adam to agree to Seychelles' vessels flying a flag bearing the words "Seychelles Capitulation", allowing them to pass through the British
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transporting slaves to the Middle East. Slaves liberated south of the Equator were brought to Seychelles and apprenticed to plantation owners. They worked the land in return for rations and wages. Over a period of thirteen years from 1861, around 2,400 men, women and children were brought to
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The British frigate Orpheus commanded by Captain Henry Newcome arrived at Mahé on 16 May 1794, together with the Centurion, the Resistance and two prizes. An officer was sent ashore to request provisions and water. Quinssy proposed that having no means to oppose the enemy, the colony should
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A number of Seychellois were displaced and exiled by the dictatorship. The Greslé family were one of a few landowners of largely French descent to remain after the coup d'état of 1977 – most had their land confiscated and were exiled. Any individual who publicly resisted the René régime was
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The end of the Seven Years' War, with France's loss of Canada and its status in India, caused the decline of the French East India Company, which had formerly controlled Mauritius. This settlement, and thus Seychelles, now came under direct royal authority. The new intendant of Mauritius,
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at Anse Boileau (not Baie Lazare, later mistakenly named as Picault's landing place). They found a land of plenty. In fact, Picault named the island Ile d'Abondance. Picault's mapping was poor, so in 1744 he was sent back and renamed the main island Mahé (in honor of his patron Mahé de La
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war, they also benefited by being granted the vote, which was limited to literate property owners; just 2,000 in a population of 36,000. At the first elections, in 1948, most of those elected to the Legislative Council were predictably members of the Planters and Taxpayers Association.
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supplies of fresh produce from the islands. Du Barré's appeals for help to Mauritius and Versailles fell on deaf ears. In desperation, he went to the Seychelles to try and rescue the situation, but to no avail. A ruined man, he left for India and died there shortly afterwards.
1338:, of the exiled opposition, was head of the Mouvement Pour La Resistance (MPR). His opposition to the dictatorship of René was based in London and he was assassinated on 29 November 1985 by an unidentified gunman on the doorstep of his London home. Hoarau is buried in London.
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The government was threatened again by an army mutiny in August 1982, but it was quelled after 2 days when loyal troops, reinforced by Tanzanian forces & several of the mercenaries that had escaped from the prison, recaptured the rebel-held installations.
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began to sink. Rather than surrender her, her captain ran her aground, torching her before abandoning ship. The opposing commanders met ashore afterwards, the Englishman warmly congratulating his French counterpart on his courage and skill during the battle.
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instigated some reforms, exempting lower income groups from taxation. He was keen to create model housing and distribute smallholdings for the landless. Many of his reforms were not approved until World War II had broken out, and everything was put on hold.
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The SPPF instituted a number of reforms, including universal access to education and healthcare, as well as environmental reforms. During this period, the Seychelles developed rapidly, to the point that it became the most developed country in Africa on the
1415:. President René and his SPPF won by a landslide. The president's popularity in elections jumped to 66.6% in 1998 from 59.5% in 1993, while the SPPF garnered 61.7% of the total votes cast in the 1998 National Assembly election, compared to 56.5% in 1993.
920:
571:. Some planters took their slaves and left. The liberated slaves had no land, and most squatted on the estates they had tended in bondage, and the colony entered a period of stagnation. There were no exports and no money to pay for new infrastructure.
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to announce the preferential terms of Quincy's capitulation should stand, but Seychelles must recognise the terms of the Mauritian surrender. Beaver left behind a Royal Marine, Lieutenant Bartholomew Sullivan, to monitor the Seychelles situation.
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In 1769, the navigators Rochon and Grenier proved that a faster route to India could safely be taken via the Seychelles, and thus the importance of the islands' strategic position was realised. Meanwhile, Poivre had finally obtained seedlings of
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was appointed. His brief was to protect the French sea route to India. La Bourdonnais, himself a sailor, turned his attention to making a speedier passage from Mauritius to India. To this end, in 1742, he sent an expedition under the command of
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British forces, Captain Phillip Beaver of the Nisus arrived at Mahé on 23 April 1811 and took possession of Seychelles as a permanent colony of Britain. The Seychelles became an independent republic in 1976. Following a coup d'état, a socialist
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The other cloud on the planters' horizon was British anti-slavery legislation. In 1835, slavery was completely abolished. The plantations were already in decline, their soils exhausted by years of cultivation without investment in renewing
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In 1768, Nicolas Dufresne arranged a commercial venture, sending ships to collect timber and tortoises from the Seychelles. During this expedition, French sovereignty was extended to cover all the islands of the granitic group on
475:(pirates carrying lettres de marque entitling them to prey legally on enemy shipping). Quincy hoped this might go unnoticed, but in 1794 a squadron of three British ships arrived led by the frigate "Orpheus" commanded by
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When British ships were seen around Seychelles, the authorities were spurred into action, despatching a garrison under Lieutenant de Romainville. They built Etablissement du Roi (Royal Settlement) on the site of modern
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437:, who assumed command of the settlement in 1788. He drew up 30 decrees which protected the timber and tortoises. In future, only sound farming techniques and careful husbanding of resources would be tolerated.
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as President and France-Albert René as Prime Minister. The newly knighted Sir James Mancham became the country's first President, with René as Prime Minister. These negotiations also restored the islands of
863:, who arrived in 1956. He likewise fell in love with his prison. "When our ship leaves harbour", he wrote, "we shall take with us many good and kindly memories of the Seychelles...may God bless them all."
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surrender. Terms of capitulation were drawn up and the next day Seychelles was surrendered to Britain. The Centurion returned to Seychelles four years later in September 1798 and renewed the capitulation.
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and was able to confiscate a cargo of newly landed slaves. It was but a small triumph amidst many frustrations, and Sullivan, complaining that the Seychellois had "no sense of honour, shame or honesty",
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1350:, who constitute the majority of the nation's population, also improved significantly due to domestic policies implemented by President René aimed at racial equity. However, the white minority (mainly
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of the National Assembly was held on the 22-24 October 2020. The Seychelles National Party, the Seychelles Party for Social Justice and Democracy and the Seychelles United Party formed a coalition,
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Bourdonnais), and the group the Iles de la Bourdonnais. He had high hopes for the Iles de la Bourdonnais. However, the islands were once more forgotten when La Bourdonnais was replaced in 1746.
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The town, called Victoria since 1841, began to grow. Licences granted in 1879 give some idea of the range of businesses in the town. There was a druggist, two auctioneers, five retailers, four
355:(later Anglicised as Seychelles). This name was later used for the island group, whilst Mahé was again used for the largest granitic island. Morphey took possession for the French king and the
1978:
594:. Soon, they also had a source of virtually free labour once again. The British took their anti-slavery stance seriously, and operated patrols along the East African coast, raiding Arab
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took office. Befitting its new status, the colony acquired a botanical garden and a clock tower in the heart of Victoria. The French language and culture remained dominant, however.
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479:. Quinssy proposed that having no means to oppose the enemy, the colony should surrender. Terms of capitulation were drawn up and the next day Seychelles was surrendered to Britain.
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471:(1748–1827) took command of the colony in 1794. A wily man, he used skill and expediency to steer Seychelles through the years of war ahead. Seychelles acted as a haven for French
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The British, like the French before them, saw Seychelles as a useful place to exile troublesome political prisoners. Over the years, Seychelles became a home to prisoners from
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has alleged that this was part of a covert action to re-install the pro-American former president in the face of concerns about United States access to its military bases in
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There was little Sullivan could do alone to stop the settlers continuing to provision French frigates and slavers. Slave ownership was not then against British law, although
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The Planters Association lobbied for the white landowners, but until 1937 those who worked for them had no voice. The League of Coloured Peoples was formed to demand a
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was illegal. Sullivan, later given the title of Civil Agent, played cat and mouse with the pro-slaver colonists. Once, acting on a tip off, Sullivan was rowed over to
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In March 1970, colonial and political representatives of Seychelles met in London for a constitutional convention, with the Seychelles Democratic Party (SDP) of
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smaller opposition parties threw in their lot with the DP. All participating parties and international observer groups accepted the results as "free and fair."
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Seychellois officials wanted Seychelles to organized as a separate autonomous colony within the British Empire, and the authorities in the mother colony,
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433:. Gillot was nominally in charge of the civilian colonists but had no real authority over them. Mauritius sent as replacement a man of stronger mettle,
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1993, and a referendum to approve it was called for 15–18 June. The draft was approved with 73.9% of the electorate in favor of it and 24.1% against.
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crew saw "high land" on 19 January 1609 and headed for it. They anchored "as in a pond". They found an uninhabited island with plentiful fresh water,
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French colonists then brought large numbers of creole slaves from Mauritius to the Seychelles - they became the ancestors of the present population.
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1354:) still occupied most important posts (ministerial and parliamentary) in the state administration and dominated the ranks of the party leadership.
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Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the
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The first civilian administrator of the British regime was Edward Madge. He had a bitter feud with Quincy, who remained in the administration as
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nuts, found only in Seychelles, long before European discovery of the islands. The rotted-out nuts can float and were found washed ashore in the
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offer an escape. It was no easy option, however. The force, 800 strong, was sent to East Africa. After just five months, so many had died from
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367:(1719–1786), was determined to break the Dutch monopoly of the lucrative spice trade; he thought Mahé would be perfect for spice cultivation.
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Poupko, Eliezer S. (2017-06-25). "An exploratory study of constitutional design in three island states: Seychelles, Comoros, and Mauritius".
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between England and France reminded the authorities on Mauritius about the islands. Two ships were sent to claim them, commanded by
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1983:
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ruled the country from 1977 to 1993. The subsequent democratic Presidential elections were won by candidates of the same party.
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1608:"John Perkins on "The Secret History of the American Empire: Economic Hit Men, Jackals, and the Truth about Global Corruption""
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On 26th October 2020, the opposition took power in the Seychelles for the first time since 1977, following its victory in the
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by the islanders, "La Rosalie" and incorporated it into the national anthem of his country. With new words, it later became
802:, the Mauritian governor, sent a petition on their behalf to London. Concessions were made, but Seychelles did not become a
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1030:(SDP), created the same year, by contrast represented businessmen and planters and wanted closer integration with Britain.
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1460:(US) (Formerly Parti Lepep, Seychelles People's Progressive Front) won 10 seats of the 35 seats of the National Assembly.
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died in Seychelles in July 1993 and is survived by his wife Sylvia, son Neville and daughters Natasha and Yvette Greslé.
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garden. By August 1772, Du Barré's people had abandoned St Anne and moved to Mahé or returned home. Gillot worked on at
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was falling and so were wages. Workers petitioned the government about their poor working conditions and the burden of
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with 42% of the vote. In 2004, René turned the presidency over to his former vice-president and long-time comrade,
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flourished. Quincy's favourable terms of capitulation were renewed seven times during the visits of British ships.
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surrendered, followed in December 1810 by Mauritius. In April 1811, Captain Beaver arrived in Seychelles on the
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of mud and rocks fell on the town from the hills. It has been estimated that over 70 people lost their lives.
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was seriously disabled by damage to her rigging, but she was able to manoeuvre broadside to the French vessel
3208:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
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In 1985, after the assassination of Hoarau, the Seychelles community in exile put together a program titled
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became president. The Seychelles became a one-party state from 1979 to 1991, with the SPUP becoming the
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was likely already known to Arab navigators and other sailors for many centuries. On 15 March 1503, the
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1917:
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829:, to name but a few. The first in the line of exiles was Sultan Abdullah, a sultan in Perak including
4498:; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
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2019:
1438:, was sworn in as president on October 16, 2016, following the surprise resignation of James Michel.
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noted the sighting of an elevated island, doubtless one of the granitic islands and almost certainly
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15 September 1801 was the date of a memorable sea battle just off the settlement. The British ship
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391:) met with little success, and he thought again of Seychelles. It was considered fortuitous when
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advocating closer integration with the UK, and the Seychelles People's United Party (SPUP) of
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303:) since 1715. This colony was growing in importance, and in 1735 an energetic administrator,
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The early (pre-European colonisation) history of Isle de Séchelles or Seychelles is unknown.
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There was a disaster on 12 October 1862, when torrential rain and strong winds hit Mahé. An
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impossible because they believed that without free labour, the colony could not survive.
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by the Colonial Development Act, but it was a time of economic depression; the price of
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It was not until 1964 that any new political movements were created. In that year, the
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George Bennett, compiler; with the collaboration of Pramila Ramgulam Bennett. (1993).
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1445:. Anglican priest Wavel Ramkalawan defeated President Danny Faure by 54.9% to 43.5%.
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A post stamp commemorating the anniversary of the 1977 coup, called "Liberation Day"
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250:. The granitic islands began to appear on Portuguese charts as the Seven Sisters.
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1525:"Unpublished Documents on the History of the Seychelles Islands Anterior to 1810"
1434:
against SNP leader Ramkalawan with 53.5% of the vote. The former vice-president,
395:(unknown-1777) arrived on Mauritius with royal permission to run a settlement on
4528:
4024:
3925:
3736:
3340:
3240:
2955:
2949:
1435:
414:
219:
34:
1783:
269:, birds, turtles and giant tortoises with which to replenish their stores. The
3801:
3782:
3525:
3304:
2923:
2840:
1953:
1715:
1637:
1317:
1063:
619:
531:
388:
281:
204:
156:
1585:
1018:(SPUP, later Seychelles People's Progressive Front, SPPF) was formed. Led by
1002:
Colonial Governor of the Seychelles inspecting police guard of honour in 1972
4447:
3300:
3049:
2833:
868:
795:
626:
568:
300:
227:
160:
1529:
Government Printing Office, Mahé, Seychelles, via the World Digital Library
1045:
resulted in an agreement under which the Seychelles became an independent
273:
sailed, and reported what they had found, but the British took no action.
4375:
4290:
3569:
3521:
3270:
3197:
3183:
3179:
3149:
2937:
1422:(SNP) which emerged as the major opposition party, losing to the SPPF in
1046:
876:
849:
840:
814:
615:
491:
418:
352:
345:
223:
215:, were probably aware of the islands, although they did not settle them.
1884:
Seychelles since 1770 : a history of slave and post-slavery society
1022:, they campaigned for socialism and independence from Britain. The late
530:
The British tightened the blockade on the French Indian Ocean colonies.
242:, crossing from India to East Africa, sighted what was almost certainly
4284:
3617:
3577:
3170:
2927:
2886:
1055:
872:
575:
574:
The situation was only improved when planters realised they could grow
552:
454:
285:
266:
1922:
4294:
3669:
3434:
3212:
2814:
860:
822:
611:
603:
579:
380:
277:
200:
2293:
1784:"EISA Seychelles: 2020 National Assembly election results overview"
1656:"AROUND THE WORLD; Exiled Seychelles Leader Is Shot Dead in London"
3795:
3517:
2989:
1376:
1303:
1265:
1005:
997:
986:
975:
884:
834:
818:
782:
591:
583:
459:
410:
384:
284:, from where they preyed upon vessels approaching and leaving the
280:
arrived in the Indian Ocean from the Caribbean and made a base in
130:
409:
In 1771, Poivre sent Antoine Gillot to Seychelles to establish a
3346:
595:
587:
262:
208:
4399:
4311:
4048:
3557:
3229:
2904:
2797:
2721:
2297:
1926:
1411:: France-Albert René of the SPPF, James Mancham of the DP, and
1289:(SPPF). René was the only presidential candidate for elections
578:
with less labour and more profit than the traditional crops of
344:. He renamed the largest island Isle de Séchelles in honour of
888:
28:
1361:(Seychelles International Repatriation and Onward Program).
490:
arrived with a cargo of French prisoners sent into exile by
1320:
and a team of South African-backed mercenaries. The author
170:. The first recorded landing was by the men of the English
806:
in its own right until 1903 when its first Governor, Sir
312:
to accurately chart the islands northeast of Madagascar.
1843:
The history of Seychelles from discovery to independence
1766:"Seychelles election: Wavel Ramkalawan in landmark win"
1401:
first multiparty presidential and legislative elections
855:
Perhaps the most famous of the political prisoners was
464:
1969 stamp commemorating the British occupation of 1794
3533:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the
1644:
from the original on 14 May 2018 – via YouTube.
1554:
Britannica.com/History of the Republic of Seychelles
1456:(LDS). LDS won 25 seats and the former ruling party
879:
that the corps was sent home. In all, 335 men died.
2637:
2612:
2331:
2184:
2130:
2057:
2006:
1964:
677:Post office clock tower, Victoria Seychelles 1900s
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1418:In 1999, Mancham switched to the centrist liberal
1837:(Nov 1974), Vol. 24 Issue 11, pp 799–803 online.
665:Clock court treasury Victoria Seychelles 1900s
336:The outbreak in 1754 of what would become the
4060:
2733:
2309:
1938:
1033:Elections were held in 1966, won by the SDP.
8:
4495:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
4478:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4356:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1825:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1716:"Seychelles - Return to a Multiparty System"
701:Queen Victoria Memorial Seychelles 1900s.jpg
761:Victoria Street, Victoria, Seychelles 1900s
713:Royal Street Victoria Seychelles 1900s.jpg
4396:
4308:
4082:
4067:
4053:
4045:
3554:
3226:
2901:
2794:
2740:
2726:
2718:
2316:
2302:
2294:
2190:
2136:
2063:
2012:
1945:
1931:
1923:
1301:, which he won with over 90% of the vote.
351:, Minister of Finance during the reign of
211:navigators, on trading voyages across the
207:, perhaps lingered here circa 200-300 AD.
1805:. Santa Barbara, California: Clio Press.
1681:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1997.
1070:(BIOT), to Seychelles upon independence.
498:arrived. Quincy had to try to defend the
257:set sail for India. Lost in a storm, the
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
3539:Legitimacy of territorial establishment
1475:List of colonial governors of Seychelles
305:Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais
1752:"Danny Faure sworn in as new president"
1566:Journal of Contemporary African Studies
1506:
1072:
916:
641:Albert Street Victoria Seychelles 1900s
631:
4524:Historical flags of the British Empire
4508:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985
1818:
1705:(Seychelles: Mahé Publications, 2005).
1703:Seychelles: Personalities of Yesterday
1409:20–22 March 1998 presidential election
773:Library of Seychelles opening 1910.jpg
253:In March 1608, a trading fleet of the
1865:A parliamentary history of Seychelles
1666:from the original on August 28, 2016.
1287:Seychelles People's Progressive Front
1281:saw Mancham deposed while abroad and
1130:Colourful Skirts at Seychelles Market
950:Postage stamp with portrait of Queen
938:Port Glaud to Conception Island, 1941
737:Victoria buildings, Seychelles 1900s
276:Towards the end of the 17th century,
218:Arabs were trading the highly valued
7:
1845:. Mahé, Seychelles: Pristine Books.
1214:Mahé Beauvallon Fishing On The Beach
1118:Coconut plantation worker Seychelles
910:In 1958, the French bought back the
486:On 11 July 1801, the French frigate
139:, the former Supreme Court building.
57:adding citations to reliable sources
4335:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands
3178:. British Cameroons is now part of
1010:Victoria's State House in the 1970s
435:Jean Baptiste Philogene de Malavois
234:Age of Discoveries and colonisation
3194:unilaterally declared independence
2889:1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802
1273:, Seychelles president (1977–2004)
522:and rake her with incessant fire.
511:blockade of Mauritius unmolested.
25:
4401:Antarctica and the South Atlantic
4380:Occupied by Argentina during the
1312:In 1981, the country experienced
833:, the ex-chief of Pasir Salak in
135:The Seychelles History Museum in
4544:
4535:
4534:
3947:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2624:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2394:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1997:
1480:List of presidents of Seychelles
1243:
1231:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1147:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1094:Cinnamon quill maker Seychelles
1087:
1075:
1016:Seychelles People's United Party
959:
943:
931:
919:
766:
754:
742:
730:
725:Supreme Court, Seychelles 1900s
718:
706:
694:
682:
670:
658:
653:Church Victoria Seychelles 1900s
646:
634:
502:, but after a brief battle, the
147:dates back to the fourth of the
33:
4576:European colonisation of Africa
1535:from the original on 2014-07-07
1407:Three candidates contested the
1390:dissolution of the Soviet Union
891:they had to bear. Governor Sir
506:was taken. Captain Adam of the
417:, establishing nutmeg, cloves,
44:needs additional citations for
4443:Australian Antarctic Territory
3299:since 1965 (before as part of
3296:British Indian Ocean Territory
3182:, while Tanganyika is part of
2813:since 1960 (before as part of
1867:. Seychelles: F.E. MacGregor.
1106:Coconut oil making Seychelles
1068:British Indian Ocean Territory
966:Victoria's clock tower in 1956
1:
1918:A History of Seychelles flags
1614:. 5 June 2007. Archived from
1578:10.1080/02589001.2017.1341624
1082:Boy with coconuts Seychelles
469:Jean-Baptiste Queau de Quincy
2754:British Overseas Territories
1495:Prime Minister of Seychelles
1485:Vice-President of Seychelles
1279:almost bloodless coup d'état
1262:One party rule in Seychelles
1202:Fishermen pirogue Seychelles
749:Victoria, Seychelles, 1900s
449:In 1790, as a result of the
295:The French had occupied the
203:, who eventually settled on
4470:British Antarctic Territory
4180:Western Pacific Territories
1908:Background Note: Seychelles
1424:2002 parliamentary election
1142:Cutting coconuts Seychelles
1028:Seychelles Democratic Party
926:Lagoon at Cerf Island, 1941
808:Ernest Bickham Sweet-Escott
4592:
4208:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
3625:British Arctic Territories
1833:J. Coen, "The Seychelles"
1432:2006 presidential election
1259:
342:Corneille Nicholas Morphey
332:French settlement and rule
255:English East India Company
4519:
4488:
4448:Commonwealth of Australia
4406:
4395:
4366:
4318:
4307:
4273:
4080:
4044:
3850:Newfoundland and Labrador
3564:
3553:
3531:League of Nations mandate
3512:
3236:
3225:
3206:Lancaster House Agreement
3176:League of Nations mandate
3165:
2911:
2900:
2804:
2793:
2760:
2260:
2193:
2139:
2066:
2015:
1995:
1841:William McAteer. (2000).
1638:"TRC Episode 74, Part 05"
1454:Linyon Demokratik Seselwa
1420:Seychelles National Party
1348:Seychellois Creole people
357:French East India Company
315:On 21 November 1742, the
18:History of the Seychelles
3978:Turks and Caicos Islands
3285:(protectorate) 1907–1949
2857:(integrated into the UK)
2379:Central African Republic
1989:1981 coup d'état attempt
1523:Fauvel, Albert-Auguste.
1238:Seychelles man with fish
349:Jean Moreau de Séchelles
149:Portuguese India Armadas
4261:1919–1942 and 1945–1968
4086:18th and 19th centuries
3902:Queen Charlotte Islands
3862:North-Western Territory
3834:1665–1674 and 1702–1776
3437:1781–1784 and 1795–1819
3102:1923–1965 and 1979–1980
2785:Commonwealth of Nations
1344:Human Development Index
1226:Market scene Seychelles
1178:Fisherman and his catch
1154:Farmer house Seychelles
68:"History of Seychelles"
4011:West Indies Federation
3200:) and continued as an
2783:Current member of the
1882:Deryck Scarr. (2000).
1490:Politics of Seychelles
1385:
1309:
1274:
1250:Seychelloise fish trap
1166:Fish market Seychelles
1011:
1003:
995:
984:
798:, supported them. Sir
791:
465:
140:
4571:History of Seychelles
3933:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3204:state until the 1979
2810:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
2539:São Tomé and Príncipe
2399:Republic of the Congo
1974:History of Seychelles
1662:. November 30, 1985.
1636:SABC (14 June 2011).
1443:presidential election
1380:
1307:
1269:
1190:Fisherman Seychelles
1009:
1001:
990:
979:
914:from the Seychelles.
786:
463:
145:history of Seychelles
134:
4461:Realm of New Zealand
4459:(transferred to the
4446:(transferred to the
4279:Realm of New Zealand
3880:Prince Edward Island
3758:1671–1816, 1833–1960
1346:. The situation for
561:Justice of the Peace
399:at his own expense.
359:on 1 November 1756.
191:Pre-colonial history
137:Victoria, Seychelles
53:improve this article
4492:Since 2009 part of
4384:of April–June 1982.
3971:Trinidad and Tobago
3585:Antigua and Barbuda
3485:Straits Settlements
2614:States with limited
1277:On 5 June 1977, an
857:Archbishop Makarios
689:Postcard Mahe 1903
3644:Cape Breton Island
3535:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
3377:Unfederated States
3192:Southern Rhodesia
2779:Commonwealth realm
2162:Telecommunications
1979:Colonial governors
1913:Seychelles History
1772:. 25 October 2020.
1386:
1382:Flag of Seychelles
1352:Franco-Seychellois
1310:
1283:France-Albert René
1275:
1271:France-Albert René
1042:France-Albert René
1020:France-Albert René
1012:
1004:
996:
992:Flag of Seychelles
985:
981:Flag of Seychelles
792:
788:Flag of Seychelles
466:
246:and the next day,
238:On 15 March 1503,
180:Seychellois Creole
172:East India Company
141:
4558:
4557:
4515:
4514:
4391:
4390:
4323:Providence Island
4303:
4302:
4268:
4267:
4136:Western Australia
4104:Van Diemen's Land
4040:
4039:
4017:Associated States
3715:Columbia District
3549:
3548:
3403:Manila and Cavite
3221:
3220:
3100:Southern Rhodesia
3094:South-West Africa
3044:Northern Rhodesia
2956:Cape of Good Hope
2896:
2895:
2773:Current territory
2715:
2714:
2641:other territories
2414:Equatorial Guinea
2325:History of Africa
2291:
2290:
2256:
2255:
2180:
2179:
2126:
2125:
2096:Political parties
2091:National Assembly
2076:Foreign relations
2053:
2052:
1886:. London: Hurst.
1861:Francis MacGregor
1720:countrystudies.us
1470:History of Africa
1458:United Seychelles
1430:. Michel won the
451:French Revolution
244:Silhouette Island
168:Silhouette Island
129:
128:
121:
103:
16:(Redirected from
4583:
4548:
4538:
4537:
4503:Antarctic Treaty
4464:
4451:
4436:Falkland Islands
4428:Tristan da Cunha
4420:Ascension Island
4397:
4348:Falkland Islands
4309:
4277:Now part of the
4149:Pitcairn Islands
4114:Auckland Islands
4083:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4046:
4031:Windward Islands
3985:Vancouver Island
3762:MassachusettsBay
3631:British Columbia
3555:
3371:Federated States
3227:
3137:Tristan da Cunha
3106:Southern Nigeria
3038:Northern Nigeria
2917:Ascension Island
2902:
2858:
2795:
2769:Former territory
2766:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2719:
2702:
2701:(United Kingdom)
2697:Tristan da Cunha
2693:Ascension Island
2685:
2672:
2663:
2639:Dependencies and
2332:Sovereign states
2318:
2311:
2304:
2295:
2276:
2269:
2191:
2157:
2137:
2064:
2013:
2001:
1984:1977 coup d'état
1947:
1940:
1933:
1924:
1897:
1878:
1856:
1830:
1824:
1816:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1712:
1706:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1561:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1413:Wavel Ramkalawan
1247:
1235:
1223:
1211:
1199:
1187:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1091:
1079:
963:
947:
935:
923:
912:Glorioso islands
770:
758:
746:
734:
722:
710:
698:
686:
674:
662:
650:
638:
338:Seven Years' War
248:Desroches Island
124:
117:
113:
110:
104:
102:
61:
37:
29:
21:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4511:
4484:
4458:
4456:Ross Dependency
4445:
4402:
4387:
4362:
4314:
4299:
4269:
4264:
4220:
4215:Solomon Islands
4162:North Australia
4142:South Australia
4098:New South Wales
4076:
4073:
4036:
3756:Leeward Islands
3560:
3545:
3508:
3415:Muscat and Oman
3232:
3217:
3161:
2907:
2892:
2856:
2800:
2789:
2764:
2756:
2746:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2683:
2670:
2661:
2642:
2640:
2633:
2617:
2615:
2608:
2327:
2322:
2292:
2287:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2252:
2233:Public holidays
2176:
2155:
2122:
2049:
2002:
1993:
1960:
1951:
1904:
1894:
1881:
1875:
1859:
1853:
1840:
1817:
1813:
1800:
1797:
1795:Further reading
1792:
1791:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1701:James Mancham,
1700:
1696:
1689:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1621:
1619:
1618:on 13 June 2007
1606:
1605:
1601:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1547:
1538:
1536:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1466:
1375:
1264:
1258:
1256:One-party state
1251:
1248:
1239:
1236:
1227:
1224:
1215:
1212:
1203:
1200:
1191:
1188:
1179:
1176:
1167:
1164:
1155:
1152:
1143:
1140:
1131:
1128:
1119:
1116:
1107:
1104:
1095:
1092:
1083:
1080:
974:
967:
964:
955:
948:
939:
936:
927:
924:
846:national anthem
831:Lela Pandak Lam
781:
774:
771:
762:
759:
750:
747:
738:
735:
726:
723:
714:
711:
702:
699:
690:
687:
678:
675:
666:
663:
654:
651:
642:
639:
545:
447:
393:Brayer du Barré
334:
236:
193:
185:one-party state
125:
114:
108:
105:
62:
60:
50:
38:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4589:
4587:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4563:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4542:
4532:
4526:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4499:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4474:
4466:
4453:
4440:
4432:
4424:
4416:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4378:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4352:
4344:
4338:
4332:
4329:Willoughbyland
4326:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4287:
4281:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4256:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4230:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4211:
4205:
4199:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4153:
4145:
4139:
4129:
4123:
4117:
4111:
4101:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4049:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4008:
4002:
3996:
3992:Virgin Islands
3988:
3982:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3959:South Carolina
3956:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3895:
3889:
3883:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3856:North Carolina
3853:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3790:Mosquito Coast
3787:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3759:
3753:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3719:Oregon Country
3712:
3708:Cayman Islands
3704:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3666:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3628:
3622:
3614:
3607:
3601:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3565:
3562:
3561:
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1835:History Today
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368:
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365:Pierre Poivre
360:
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153:Vasco da Gama
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109:February 2021
101:
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70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
4493:
4476:
4468:
4434:
4426:
4418:
4412:Saint Helena
4410:
4354:
4346:
4196:Cook Islands
4147:
4120:New Hebrides
4089:20th century
4005:West Florida
3990:
3976:
3908:Rhode Island
3886:Pennsylvania
3844:Newfoundland
3781:
3706:
3656:East Florida
3627:16th c.–1880
3616:
3568:
3465:Crown Colony
3453:Pulo Condore
3427:Crown Colony
3421:North Borneo
3294:
3253:Protectorate
3202:unrecognised
3196:in 1965 (as
3135:
3088:South Africa
3076:Sierra Leone
3069:
3063:Saint Helena
3061:
3056:Orange River
2934:Bechuanaland
2915:
2873:Protectorate
2832:
2808:
2772:
2752:and Current
2689:Saint Helena
2660:
2564:South Africa
2554:Sierra Leone
2548:
2359:Burkina Faso
2203:Demographics
2149:Central Bank
1973:
1965:
1883:
1864:
1842:
1834:
1802:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1702:
1697:
1679:Volumes 8-15
1677:
1672:
1659:
1650:
1631:
1620:. Retrieved
1616:the original
1602:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1548:
1537:. Retrieved
1528:
1518:
1509:
1447:
1440:
1428:James Michel
1417:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1340:
1334:
1330:
1326:Diego Garcia
1322:John Perkins
1311:
1276:
1051:Commonwealth
1035:
1032:
1013:
972:Independence
952:Elizabeth II
909:
905:
901:minimum wage
898:
881:
865:
854:
839:
812:
804:Crown Colony
793:
779:Crown Colony
624:
601:
599:Seychelles.
573:
565:
558:
546:
543:British rule
535:
529:
523:
519:
515:
513:
507:
503:
499:
495:
487:
485:
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467:
448:
439:
427:
408:
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377:
369:
361:
335:
320:
316:
314:
294:
290:Persian Gulf
275:
270:
258:
252:
237:
217:
213:Indian Ocean
194:
175:
144:
142:
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
4529:Anglosphere
4247:New Zealand
4156:New Zealand
4025:West Jersey
3940:Saint Lucia
3926:Saint Kitts
3920:Saint Croix
3900:1763–1791*
3868:Nova Scotia
3814:New England
3770:, 1691–1776
3737:East Jersey
3725:Connecticut
3604:Bay Islands
3491:Transjordan
3409:Mesopotamia
3247:Afghanistan
3241:Aden Colony
3026:Niger Coast
2992:) 1874–1957
2968:East Africa
2950:Cape Colony
2940:) 1884–1966
2930:) 1868–1966
2616:recognition
2569:South Sudan
2459:Ivory Coast
2144:Agriculture
2081:LGBT rights
1738:www.fao.org
1513:Coen, 1974.
1436:Danny Faure
1316:attempt by
1049:within the
994:(1976–1977)
983:(1961–1976)
790:(1903–1961)
494:. Then HMS
415:Anse Royale
259:Ascension's
220:coco de mer
164:Thomé Lopes
4565:Categories
4481:since 1908
4473:since 1908
4439:since 1833
4431:since 1816
4423:since 1815
4415:since 1658
4372:department
4359:since 1908
4351:since 1833
4152:since 1838
4132:Swan River
4126:Queensland
4013:1958–1962
3995:since 1666
3981:since 1799
3832:New Jersey
3802:New Albion
3786:since 1632
3783:Montserrat
3764:1629–1691
3711:since 1670
3633:1858–1866
3621:since 1619
3573:since 1650
3526:Bangladesh
3461:1841–1946
3423:1882–1963
3389:Federation
3367:1819–1826
3305:Seychelles
3249:1839–1842
3140:since 1816
3124:Tanganyika
3082:Somaliland
3070:Seychelles
3066:since 1658
2986:Gold Coast
2980:The Gambia
2924:Basutoland
2920:since 1815
2862:Free State
2855:1542–1800
2841:Heligoland
2837:since 1713
2671:(Portugal)
2629:Somaliland
2549:Seychelles
2514:Mozambique
2499:Mauritania
2484:Madagascar
2439:The Gambia
2374:Cape Verde
2156:(currency)
1954:Seychelles
1803:Seychelles
1688:0160541905
1622:2007-06-06
1539:2014-06-19
1501:References
1384:since 1996
1318:Mike Hoare
1064:Des Roches
620:watchmaker
606:stores, a
445:Quincy era
282:Madagascar
205:Madagascar
157:Seychelles
79:newspapers
4465:1841–1947
4452:1841–1933
4343:1831–1966
4337:1670–1688
4331:1651–1667
4325:1631–1641
4255:1914–1962
4249:1907–1947
4242:1901–1942
4240:Australia
4235:1900–1974
4229:1900–1970
4217:1893–1978
4210:1892–1979
4204:1889–1948
4198:1888–1901
4192:Rarotonga
4188:1884–1902
4182:1877–1976
4176:1874–1970
4170:1851–1901
4164:1846–1847
4158:1841–1907
4144:1836–1901
4138:1829–1901
4128:1824–1901
4122:1824–1980
4116:1807–1863
4110:1803–1901
4100:1788–1901
4033:1833–1960
4027:1674–1702
4019:1967–1983
4007:1763–1783
4001:1607–1776
3987:1849–1866
3973:1889–1962
3967:1862–1863
3961:1712–1776
3955:1635–1644
3949:1627–1979
3942:1605–1979
3935:1882–1983
3928:1623–1983
3922:1625–1650
3916:1670–1870
3910:1636–1776
3904:1853–1863
3894:1620–1691
3888:1681–1776
3882:1763–1873
3870:1713–1867
3864:1859–1870
3858:1712–1776
3852:1583–1907
3846:1907–1949
3840:1664–1776
3828:1637–1662
3826:New Haven
3822:1680–1776
3816:1686–1689
3810:1784–1867
3798:1628–1983
3792:1655–1860
3778:1632–1776
3752:1655–1962
3745:1733–1776
3739:1674–1702
3733:1701–1776
3727:1636–1776
3721:1818–1846
3703:1663–1712
3695:1867–1931
3689:1841–1867
3683:1791–1841
3677:1791–1841
3665:1762–1974
3658:1763–1783
3652:1763–1978
3646:1754–1820
3637:1866–1871
3613:1871–1981
3606:1643–1860
3600:1624–1966
3594:1670–1973
3587:1860–1981
3580:1632–1860
3505:1898–1930
3499:1892–1971
3493:1921–1946
3487:1826–1946
3481:1945–1946
3475:1946–1963
3473:Singapore
3467:1946–1963
3455:1702–1705
3449:1786–1946
3443:1923–1948
3441:Palestine
3429:1946–1963
3417:1891–1971
3411:1920–1932
3405:1762–1764
3399:1796–1965
3391:1948–1957
3385:1946–1948
3379:1885–1946
3373:1895–1946
3361:1848–1946
3355:1918–1961
3349:1811–1816
3343:1858–1947
3337:1841–1997
3335:Hong Kong
3331:1878–1960
3325:1795–1948
3319:1888–1984
3313:1824–1948
3301:Mauritius
3291:1874–1963
3279:1757–1947
3273:1812–1824
3263:1685–1824
3261:Bencoolen
3255:1879–1919
3243:1839–1967
3158:1887–1897
3152:1890–1963
3146:1890–1962
3132:1900–1910
3130:Transvaal
3126:1922–1961
3120:1899–1956
3114:1893–1968
3112:Swaziland
3108:1900–1914
3096:1915–1931
3090:1910–1931
3084:1884–1960
3078:1792–1961
3072:1903–1976
3058:1900–1910
3052:1891–1964
3050:Nyasaland
3046:1924–1964
3040:1900–1914
3034:1914–1960
3028:1884–1900
3022:1856–1910
3016:1810–1968
3014:Mauritius
3010:1807–1808
3004:1862–1906
2998:1920–1963
2982:1816–1965
2976:1882–1922
2970:1895–1920
2964:1891–1907
2958:1806–1910
2952:1795–1803
2946:1919–1961
2944:Cameroons
2881:1813–1964
2875:1800–1813
2864:1921–1931
2849:1809–1864
2843:1807–1890
2834:Gibraltar
2829:1878–1960
2823:1794–1796
2777:*Current
2504:Mauritius
2218:Languages
2208:Education
2172:Transport
2101:President
2071:Elections
2035:Districts
2008:Geography
1821:cite book
1734:"FAO.org"
1594:157407977
1586:0258-9001
1373:Democracy
869:dysentery
827:Palestine
796:Mauritius
627:avalanche
569:fertility
524:La Flêche
520:La Flêche
504:Chiffonne
500:Chiffonne
488:Chiffonne
317:Elisabeth
301:Mauritius
271:Ascension
228:Indonesia
176:Ascension
161:scrivener
155:, though
4540:Category
4376:Colombia
4291:Kiribati
4168:Victoria
4108:Tasmania
3999:Virginia
3965:Stickeen
3953:Saybrook
3892:Plymouth
3838:New York
3776:Maryland
3768:Province
3731:Delaware
3701:Carolina
3693:Dominion
3687:Province
3650:Dominica
3598:Barbados
3570:Anguilla
3541:disputed
3522:Pakistan
3397:Maldives
3271:Billiton
3198:Rhodesia
3184:Tanzania
3180:Cameroon
3156:Zululand
3150:Zanzibar
2938:Botswana
2695: /
2691: /
2684:(France)
2678: /
2656: /
2652: /
2604:Zimbabwe
2579:Tanzania
2429:Ethiopia
2424:Eswatini
2404:Djibouti
2369:Cameroon
2354:Botswana
2283:Category
2238:Religion
2086:Military
2059:Politics
2045:Wildlife
1958:articles
1863:(2004).
1770:BBC News
1664:Archived
1642:Archived
1533:Archived
1464:See also
1450:election
1060:Farquhar
1047:republic
877:beriberi
850:Malaysia
841:Negaraku
815:Zanzibar
618:, and a
616:jeweller
612:attorney
576:coconuts
492:Napoleon
473:corsairs
431:Victoria
425:plants.
419:cinnamon
353:Louis XV
346:Viscount
319:and the
288:and the
267:coconuts
224:Maldives
4531:culture
4285:Vanuatu
4075:Oceania
3750:Jamaica
3743:Georgia
3663:Grenada
3618:Bermuda
3592:Bahamas
3578:Antigua
3459:Sarawak
3171:Namibia
3032:Nigeria
3008:Madeira
2928:Lesotho
2887:Minorca
2853:Ireland
2821:Corsica
2748:Former
2680:Réunion
2676:Mayotte
2667:Madeira
2662:(Spain)
2658:Melilla
2589:Tunisia
2559:Somalia
2544:Senegal
2529:Nigeria
2519:Namibia
2509:Morocco
2474:Liberia
2469:Lesotho
2419:Eritrea
2389:Comoros
2364:Burundi
2339:Algeria
2267:Outline
2198:Culture
2186:Society
2167:Tourism
2132:Economy
2030:Islands
2020:Capital
1966:History
1299:in 1989
1295:in 1984
1291:in 1979
1056:Aldabra
873:malaria
553:Praslin
532:Réunion
508:Sybille
496:Sybille
455:slavery
397:St Anne
389:Réunion
321:Charles
286:Red Sea
278:pirates
151:led by
93:scholar
4550:Portal
4370:Now a
4341:Guiana
4295:Tuvalu
3898:Quebec
3670:Canada
3611:Belize
3503:Weihai
3447:Penang
3435:Padang
3365:Malaya
3359:Labuan
3353:Kuwait
3329:Cyprus
3323:Ceylon
3317:Brunei
3289:Borneo
3283:Bhutan
3277:Bengal
3213:Zambia
3144:Uganda
2906:Africa
2879:Colony
2869:Malta
2827:Cyprus
2815:Cyprus
2799:Europe
2765:Legend
2699:
2682:
2669:
2599:Zambia
2594:Uganda
2534:Rwanda
2489:Malawi
2449:Guinea
2344:Angola
2223:People
2154:Rupee
2040:Rivers
2025:Cities
1956:
1890:
1871:
1849:
1809:
1685:
1592:
1584:
1297:, and
1062:, and
954:, 1954
861:Cyprus
844:, the
823:Cyprus
608:notary
604:liquor
590:, and
580:cotton
516:Victor
423:pepper
381:nutmeg
201:Borneo
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
4293:and *
4259:Nauru
4253:Samoa
4227:Tonga
4186:Papua
3796:Nevis
3681:Upper
3675:Lower
3518:India
3383:Union
3341:India
3311:Burma
3267:Banka
3118:Sudan
3020:Natal
3002:Lagos
2996:Kenya
2990:Ghana
2974:Egypt
2654:Ceuta
2574:Sudan
2524:Niger
2479:Libya
2464:Kenya
2444:Ghana
2434:Gabon
2409:Egypt
2349:Benin
2274:Index
2248:Women
2243:Sport
2228:Music
1590:S2CID
1359:SIROP
885:copra
859:from
835:Perak
819:Egypt
610:, an
596:dhows
592:maize
584:sugar
536:Nisus
411:spice
385:clove
299:(now
199:from
174:ship
100:JSTOR
86:books
4289:Now
4283:Now
4233:Niue
4174:Fiji
3876:1843
3804:1579
3524:and
3516:Now
3347:Java
3303:and
3269:and
3231:Asia
3211:Now
3169:Now
2584:Togo
2494:Mali
2384:Chad
2213:Flag
1888:ISBN
1869:ISBN
1847:ISBN
1827:link
1807:ISBN
1683:ISBN
1582:ISSN
1448:The
1399:The
875:and
825:and
614:, a
588:rice
421:and
383:and
325:Mahé
263:fish
226:and
209:Arab
143:The
72:news
4374:of
1574:doi
1328:.
1026:'s
889:tax
848:of
55:by
4567::
3520:,
1823:}}
1819:{{
1768:.
1736:.
1718:.
1658:.
1640:.
1610:.
1588:.
1580:.
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1058:,
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817:,
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292:.
265:,
230:.
4505:.
4463:)
4450:)
4245:*
4238:*
4213:*
4194:/
4134:/
4106:/
4068:e
4061:t
4054:v
3945:*
3938:*
3931:*
3748:*
3717:/
3668:*
3661:*
3609:*
3590:*
3583:*
3576:*
3307:)
3186:.
2988:(
2936:(
2926:(
2817:)
2741:e
2734:t
2727:v
2317:e
2310:t
2303:v
1946:e
1939:t
1932:v
1896:.
1877:.
1855:.
1829:)
1815:.
1786:.
1754:.
1740:.
1722:.
1691:.
1625:.
1596:.
1576::
1542:.
122:)
116:(
111:)
107:(
97:·
90:·
83:·
76:·
49:.
20:)
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