History of the Texas Ranger Division

507:, ordered by Samuel H. Walker, remained unknown to the American public at large. Most of the Ranger force was disbanded during the years following the end of the Mexican–American War on February 2, 1848, since the protection of the frontiers was now an official duty of the U.S. Army. But as more settlers sought to establish homesteads in lands traditionally occupied by Natives, the skirmishes with the native peoples became a major political issue. During the 1850s, the Rangers were intermittently called on to deal with this problem, and with the election of 1246: 1316: 1288: 1328: 1204: 1302: 607:

the political leaders that a well-funded and organized local Ranger force was essential. Such a force could use the deep familiarity with the territory and the proximity with the theater of operations as major advantages in its favor. This option was not pursued in the light of the emerging national political problems, and the Rangers dissolved until 1874. However, the conviction of their usefulness had become firmly established, and the agency was eventually reconstituted.

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restored order to the frontier. After McNelly's retirement because of health problems, the Special Force was dissolved in 1877 and their members absorbed into the Frontier Battalion, which continued to function even after Jones's death in the line of duty in 1881. By the last years of the 19th century, a high measure of security within the vast frontier of Texas had been achieved, in which the Rangers had played a primary role.

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in the line of duty. More sophisticated means of crime fighting were put at their disposal, like automobiles, advanced weaponry and forensics. By the late 1930s, the Rangers had one of the best crime labs in the United States at the Headquarters Division in Austin. The appointment of Colonel Homer Garrison in September 1938 as director of the DPS proved decisive as well. Under his leadership, many respected captains such as

1041:. The resulting report yielded many worrying conclusions, but the basic underlying facts were simple: the criminality levels in Texas were extremely high, and the state's means to fight them were underfunded, undermanned, loose, disorganized and obsolete. The consultants' recommendation, besides increasing funding, was to introduce a whole reorganization of state security agencies; especially, to merge the Rangers with the 1108: 1274: 990:, the situation was also very serious, and the Rangers were called in to quell agitated locals and terminate all illegal activities. This trouble continued until well in the 1950s, but the Rangers prevented it from growing into an even more dramatic problem. At Borger, a total of ten officers were sent on April 7, 1927, including Captain Hamer. The balance of the Rangers' activities upon their arrival as reported was: 1176: 659:, neither its leader and founder, Benjamin Franklin Terry, nor the majority of its members had been affiliated with the state agency. The fact that both groups have often been regarded as related (and Terry's men themselves had thus adopted the organization's name) speaks of the widespread fame that the Rangers had achieved by that time. During the Civil War, the duties of scouting the state frontiers for 1096: 1164: 56:

most colorful, efficient, and deadly band of irregular partisans on the side of law and order the world has seen. They were called into being by the needs of a war frontier, by a society that could not afford a regular army. Texans passed in and out of the Rangers regularly; in the early years, a very high proportion of all west Texans served from time to time. If they bore certain similarities to

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role, new resolutions appropriate to the current times were adopted. The Frontier Battalion was disbanded with the passing of new legislation on July 8, 1901, and a new Ranger force was created, consisting of four companies of "no more than 20 men each" with a captain in command of every unit. The Rangers had evolved into an agency with an exclusive law enforcement focus.

402:) was also his work. Hays trained his men to aim, fire and reload their weapons from horseback, a radical innovation from the usual contemporary technique of dismounting before shooting at enemies and reloading, which was a necessity with more cumbersome weaponry. This tactic was put to devastating effect, and it was imitated shortly afterwards by the military, Texian and 1136: 1017:. Ferguson was elected, and immediately after taking office in January 1933, she proceeded to discharge all serving Rangers. The force also saw its salaries and funds slashed by the Texas Legislature, and their numbers reduced further to 32 men. The result was that Texas became a safe hideout for the many Depression-era gangsters escaping from the law, such as 36:. The unique characteristics that the Rangers adopted during the force's formative years and that give the division its heritage today—characteristics for which the Texas Rangers would become world-renowned—have been accounted for by the nature of the Rangers' duties, which was to protect a thinly populated frontier against protracted hostilities, first with 923:. The Rangers and company rounded up the inhabitants of the village and searched their homes. They then proceeded to gather all the men in Porvenir (fifteen Mexican men and boys ranging in age from 16 to 72 years) and march them off into the darkness. A short distance from Porvenir, the men were lined up against a rock bluff and shot to death. 743: 281:" John Jackson Tumlinson Sr., the first alcalde of the Colorado district, is considered by many historians of the Texas Rangers to be the first killed in the line of duty. While there is some discussion as to when Austin actually employed men as "rangers", Texas Ranger lore dates the anniversary year of their organization to this event. 256: 931:

All special Ranger groups were disbanded; the four official companies were kept, albeit their members were reduced from 20 to 15 each; better payment was offered in order to attract men of higher personal standards; and a method for citizens to articulate complaints against any further misdeeds or abuses was established.

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A thorough-going clean-up was put underway. The liquor traffic was broken up, many stills being seized and destroyed, and several thousand gallons of whiskey being captured and poured out. Two hundred and three gambling slot machines were seized and destroyed, and in a period of twenty-four hours, no

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At the beginning of the 20th century, Texas's frontiers had become more settled, thus rendering the 1874 legislation obsolete after the organization had existed as a quasi-military force for more than 25 years. Amidst serious legal troubles that questioned the authority of the Rangers to exert such a

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planned a summit in El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, an historic first meeting between a U.S. president and a Mexican president and also the first time an American president would cross the border into Mexico But tensions rose on both sides of the border, including threats of assassination,

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worked extensively to restore the good name of the force that had been compromised in the previous decades, keeping it in line with its traditions within a modern and civilized society and regaining its high status. The number of commissioned officers grew and the Rangers developed a clear detective

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With minor rearrangements over the years, the 1935 reforms have ruled the Texas Rangers' organization until present day. Hiring new members, which had been largely a political decision, was achieved through a series of examinations and merit evaluations. Promotion relied on seniority and performance

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These were the most turbulent times in the history of the Rangers, and with the objective of recycling the force's membership, putting it back in tune with its past and restoring the public's trust, the Legislature passed on March 31, 1919, a resolution to purge it and enhance it and its procedures.

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on both sides of the border and took sides in the civil war, most simply to take advantage of the turmoil to loot. As the lack of American ability to defend its southern border became more apparent, the scope of these activities turned to outright genocide with the intention of driving Americans out

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Before the decade was over, thousands of lives were lost, Texans and Mexicans alike. In January 1919, at the initiative of Representative José T. Canales of Brownsville, the Texas Legislature launched a full investigation of Rangers' actions throughout these years. The investigation found that from

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The quality of the force in terms of training, funding, modernization and number strength has continued to improve. In the last few decades, the Rangers have intervened in several thousand cases with a high level of effectiveness, including many high-profile ones such as the pursuit and capture of

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The success of these campaigns marked a turning point in Rangers' history. The U.S. Army could provide only limited and thinly stretched protection in the enormous territory of Texas. In contrast, the Rangers' effectiveness when dealing with these threats convinced both the people of the state and

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Four newly raised ranging companies, have all been organized, and taken their several stations on our frontier. We are much pleased. We know they are true men, and they know exactly what they are about. With many of them, Native and Mexican fighting has been their trade for years. That they may be

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The Rangers were to be described many times, at first as state troops, later as a police force or constabulary. During most of the 19th century, they were neither. They were apart from the regular army, the militia or national guard, and were never a true police force. They were instead one of the

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that began in 1910 against Mexican President Díaz changed the relatively peaceful state of affairs along the border. Soon after, violence on both sides of the frontier escalated as bands of Mexicans took over border towns and began crossing the Rio Grande on a near-daily basis. Taking over trade

525:, a veteran Ranger of the war with Mexico, was commissioned as senior captain. With a force of some 100 Rangers, Ford began a large expedition against the Comanche and other tribes, whose raids against the settlers and their properties had become common. On May 12, Ford's Rangers, accompanied by 1008:

forced both the federal and state governments to cut down on personnel and funding of their organizations, and the Rangers were no exception. The number of commissioned officers was reduced to 45, and the only means of transportation afforded to Rangers were free railroad passes, or using their

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and intimidation. McNelly also made himself famous for disobeying direct orders from his superiors on several occasions, and breaking through the Mexican frontier for self-appointed law enforcement purposes. Arguably, these methods either sowed the seeds of discontent among Mexican-Americans or

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took office in January 1874, it marked the end of Reconstruction for the Lone Star State, and he vigorously restored order to Texas in pursuit of improvements to both the economy and security. Once again Natives and Mexican bandits were threatening the frontiers, and once again the Rangers were

490:(the "Texas Devils") were received with reverence and fear. Their role in the Mexican–American War also won them nationwide fame in the United States and news of their exploits, in the contemporary press became common, effectively establishing the Rangers as part of American folklore. As the 485:

that hindered the advance of the federal troops, which they achieved ruthlessly and efficiently. By then, the Rangers had earned themselves a considerable reputation that approached the legendary among Mexicans, and when Ranger companies entered and occupied Mexico City with the U.S. Army in

721:. At this particular region, the general situation of lawlessness was aggravated by the proximity of Texas to Mexico and the conflict between agrarian and cattle interests. Raids along the frontier were common, and not only perpetrated by ordinary bandits but also promoted by local Mexican 908:, seized 100 horses and mules, burned the town, killed 14 soldiers and 10 residents, and took ammunition and weaponry before retreating back into Mexico. Quesada had five men captured and suffered the loss of 80 dead or mortally wounded, mostly from the U.S. machine-gun emplacements. 727:. In particular, Juan Cortina's men were again conducting periodic guerrilla operations against local ranchers. In the following two years, McNelly and his group energetically engaged these threats and virtually eradicated them. A second sergeant of J. R. Waller's Company "A" was 663:, hostile Natives and deserters devolved upon those who could not be drafted into the Confederate Army because of their age or other disabilities. This mixed group was never officially considered a Ranger force, although their work was essentially the same. In April 1865 General 915:, involving the killing of innocent villagers wrongly accused of raiding the Brite Ranch Store on Christmas Day in 1917. In January 1918 a heavily armed group of Texas Rangers, ranchmen and members a troop of U.S. Cavalry descended upon the tiny community of 603:. Pursued and defeated by Ford and his Rangers again a few days later, Cortina retreated into Mexico, and although he would continue to promote minor actions against the Texan ranchers, the threat of a large-scale military incursion was effectively ended. 817:, who in addition to owning large investments in Mexico was a close friend of Taft from Yale and a U.S. Vice-Presidential candidate in 1908. On October 16, the day of the summit, Burnham and Private C.R. Moore discovered a man holding a concealed 1036:

The general disorganization of law enforcement in the state convinced the members of the Legislature that a thorough revision of the public security system was in order, and with that purpose it hired the services of a consulting firm from

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in 1877. Despite the fame of their deeds, the conduct of the Rangers during this period was questionable. In particular, McNelly and his men used ruthless methods that often rivaled the brutality of their opponents, such as taking part in

1049:(DPS). After deliberating, the Legislature agreed with the suggestion. The resolution that created the new state law enforcement agency was passed in 1935, and with an initial budget of $ 450,000, the DPS became operational on August 10. 842:, Mexican banditos turned towards attacking the American communities for kidnapping, extortion, and supplies. As Mexican law enforcement disintegrated with the collapse of the Diaz regime, these gangs grouped themselves under the various 378:

was also known as "Hays' Texas Rangers". Despite his youth at the time, the charismatic Hays was a rallying figure to his men and is often considered responsible for giving cohesion, discipline and a group mentality to the Rangers.

698:. This group played a major role in the control of ordinary criminals as well as the defense against hostile Native tribes, which was particularly necessary in the period of lawlessness and social collapse of the Reconstruction. 862:." Hundreds of new special Rangers were appointed by order of the state, which neglected to carefully screen aspiring members. Rather than conduct themselves as law enforcement officers, many of these groups acted more like 889:, a 1915 document calling for a racial utopia and succession from the US. They executed Mexicans and Tejanos at various locations around the state, and left their bodies on display as a warning, including 12 hangings in 942:), the Rangers displayed remarkable activity in the following years, including the continuous fighting of cattle rustlers, intervening in the violent labor disputes of the time and protecting the citizenry involved in 1897:

Doyle, Brett. Laird Transactions, Texas Lodge of Research, Captain Peter F. Tumlinson: Texian Ranger and Mason. Doyle, Brett Laird XXXIX (2004–2005) 113–24 Published by the Texas Lodge of Research A. F. & A. M.

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had launched an attack and briefly occupied the town and later conducted a series of guerrilla actions and raids against local American landowners. Together with a regiment of the U.S. Army commanded by Major

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and the beginning of nationwide prohibition on January 16, 1920, their duties extended to scouting the border for liquor smugglers and detecting and dismantling the illegal stills that abounded within Texas.

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organized small, informal armed groups whose duties required them to range over the countryside, and who thus came to be known as "rangers". Around August 4, 1823, Austin wrote that he would "

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300 up to 5,000 people, mostly of Hispanic descent, had been killed by Rangers from 1910 to 1919, and that members of the Rangers had been involved in many acts of brutality and injustice.

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standing at the El Paso Chamber of Commerce building along the procession route. Burnham and Moore captured, disarmed, and arrested the assassin within only a few feet of Taft and Díaz.

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proposed a resolution to establish the Texas Rangers. He proposed creating three companies that would total some 60 men and would be known by "uniforms" consisting of a light

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of the "Terry's Texas Rangers" was shot and killed after an argument with George W. Baylor-who served in the Texas Rangers Frontier Battalion after the Civil War until 1882.

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for many years (and who had taken a Cherokee wife), favored peaceful coexistence with Natives, a policy that left little space for a force with the Rangers' characteristics.

678:. Charged with enforcing unpopular new laws that came with reintegration, that organization fell into disrepute. The TSP only existed from July 22, 1870 to April 22, 1873. 860:... you and your men are to keep Mexican raiders off of Texas territory if possible, and if they invade the State let them understand they do so at the risk of their lives 414:; 1,000 of these revolvers were issued to the United States Mounted Rifles engaged in the Mexican–American War. During these years, famous Rangers such as Hays, Walker, 375: 366:

Sam Houston was re-elected President of Texas on December 12, 1841. He had taken note of the Rangers' cost-efficiency and increased their number to 150. Under Captain

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Despite these popular stories and their fame, some of their most brutal interventions, such as the massacre of unarmed civilians, elderly men, women and children in

279:... employ ten men ... to act as rangers for the common defense ... the wages I will give said ten men is fifteen dollars a month payable in property ... 847:

of the Southwest entirely; this became known as the Plan de San Diego in 1915. In several well-rehearsed attacks, Mexicans rose up and in conjunction with raiding

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origin among its members. Today, the historical importance and symbolism of the Texas Rangers is such that they are protected by statute from being disbanded.

1245: 2572: 237: 273:—most of them from the United States. Because there was no regular army to protect the citizens against attacks by native tribes and bandits, in 1823, 934:

The reforms proved positive, and the new Ranger force eventually regained the status of a respectable agency. Under the command of captains such as

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to raise a force of 56 Rangers, along with other volunteer companies. During the following three years, he engaged the Rangers in a war against the

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personal horses. The situation worsened for the agency when its members entangled themselves in politics in 1932 by publicly supporting Governor

311:, they served mainly as scouts, spies, couriers, and guides for the settlers fleeing before the Mexican Army and performed rear guard during the 2582: 453:

through a territory that they were familiar with marked the pace of the American offensive. Rangers played an important role in the battles of

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against the Republic. He favored the eradication of Native Americans in Texas—a view that he shared with Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

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In their early days, Rangers performed tasks of protecting the Texas frontier against Native Americans’ attacks on the settlers. During the

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so the Texas Rangers, 4,000 U.S. and Mexican troops, U.S. Secret Service agents and U.S. marshals were all called in to provide security.

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permanently retained in the service on our frontier is extremely desirable, and we cannot permit ourselves to doubt such will be the case.

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became president of the Republic of Texas in December 1838. Lamar had participated in skirmishes with the Cherokee in his home state of

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It was at these times that many of the Rangers' myths were born, such as their success in capturing or killing notorious criminals and

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peoples. It was also during these years that the Rangers suffered the only defeat in their history when they surrendered at the

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However, the Texas Rangers were not formally constituted until 1835. Austin returned to Texas after having been imprisoned in

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and helped organize a council to govern the group. On October 17, at a consultation of the Provisional Government of Texas,

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In 1909, Private C.R. Moore of Company A, "performed one of the most important feats in the history of the Texas Rangers".

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The Problem of Identity in a Changing Culture. Popular Expressions of Culture Conflict Along the Lower Rio Grande Border

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from the United States in 1861 during the American Civil War, many Rangers enlisted individually to fight for the

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and murder to suppress political dissent. In 1914 Rangers destroyed a printing press and arrested journalists at

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in 1846, several companies of Rangers were mustered into federal service and proved themselves at the battles of

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was chosen to be the first Major of the Texas Rangers. Within two years the Rangers grew to more than 300 men.

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The scenario changed radically for the Rangers with the state election of 1873. When newly elected Governor

640: 561:. Suffering only four casualties, the force killed a reported 76 Comanche (including a chief by the name of 289: 1175: 1081: 1033:. The hasty appointment of many unqualified Rangers to stop the increasing criminality proved ineffective. 2600: 2551: 1293: 1237: 1087: 920: 542: 508: 407: 370:

leadership, the force played an important role in the defense against the Mexican invasion led by General

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Swanson, Doug, J. Cult of Glory: The Bold and Brutal History of the Texas Rangers. Viking Press, (2020).

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Revolution in Texas: How a Forgotten Rebellion and Its Bloody Suppression Turned Mexicans into Americans

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and general support duties. These minor roles continued after independence, when the region became the

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authorized the recommissioning of the Rangers, and a special force was created within its aegis: the

516: 339: 335: 2002:. The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas. Harvard University Press (2018). 797: 628: 454: 438: 384: 2280: 2541: 2511: 1279: 1223: 1181: 1014: 987: 834: 763: 728: 718: 706: 675: 648: 636: 592: 575: 450: 415: 338:; like most Texians, he had not forgotten the support the Cherokee had given the Mexicans in the 2521: 2401: 2248: 2185: 2173: 2152: 2137: 2114: 2099: 2084: 2070: 2056: 2042: 2032: 2017: 2003: 1990: 1976: 1958: 1935: 1906: 1868: 1810: 1504: 886: 866:

squads. Reports of Rangers abusing their authority and breaking the law themselves increased.

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as governor in 1857, they once again regained their role as defenders of the Texas frontier.

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One of the Rangers' highest-profile interventions during this period was taming Texas's oil

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The Texans were determined to restore control and order by any means necessary. As Governor

814: 801: 652: 596: 546: 522: 367: 308: 119: 110: 82: 41: 1830: 1634: 2501: 2264: 1800: 1486: 1468:, Texas Ranger Dispatch Magazine, the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum, issue 1, 2000. 916: 775: 664: 600: 530: 48: 2321:

Full text digital copy of Captain Bill McDonald, Texas ranger: a story of frontier reform

2275: 2243: 1863: 1599: 599:, and on December 27, 1859, they engaged and defeated Cortina's forces in the battle of 2462: 2178: 1951: 983: 624: 550: 462: 312: 37: 25: 2294: 2232: 2615: 2546: 2396: 2391: 1155: 979: 967: 878: 695: 644: 403: 392: 149: 139: 809:, the celebrated scout, was put in charge of a 250 private security detail hired by 2163: 1354: 963: 947: 943: 897: 848: 736: 710: 682: 579: 469:

in March 1847, and the Rangers once again provided valuable support at the ensuing

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Website including Texas Ranger Battalion photograph at Camp Verde {reference only}

2255: 709:, with the specific task of bringing order in the area of south Texas between the 1058:

function, while the Highway Patrol took charge of direct law enforcement duties.

674:, the Rangers were replaced by a Union-controlled version of the Rangers aka the 1127: 975: 935: 863: 563: 425: 411: 371: 320: 300:. They were instituted by Texan lawmakers on November 24. On November 28, 1835, 285: 410:, these revolvers soon evolved into the famous, enhanced six-shot version, the 1344: 1265: 870: 839: 714: 660: 2118: 1953:

The Texas Rangers And The Mexican Revolution: The Bloodiest Decade. 1910–1920

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The Texas Rangers And The Mexican Revolution: The Bloodiest Decade, 1910–1920

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guerrillas, within weeks had killed over 500 Texan women, children, and men.

2310: 723: 399: 93: 57: 521:(equivalent to $ 2.5 million in 2023) to fund a force of Rangers, and 1806:

A Single Star and Bloody Knuckles: A History of Politics and Race in Texas

2014:

Captain L. H. McNelly, Texas Ranger: The Life and Times of a Fighting Man

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Captain L. H. McNelly, Texas Ranger: The Life and Times of a Fighting Man

955: 885:. Rangers feared an uprising by non-white people in Texas because of the 558: 504: 466: 395: 355: 351: 324: 61: 694:, consisting of six companies of 75 men each under the command of Major 655:. Although the famous Eighth Texas Cavalry regiment was widely known as 1038: 938:(who later became famous for leading the party that killed the outlaws 784: 747:

Members of the Frontier Battalion, a company of Texas Rangers, ca. 1885

732: 534: 526: 255: 946:'s public displays from violent mob reaction. With the passage of the 742: 771: 754: 616: 33: 2276:

Excerpt detailing Ranger misconduct during the Mexican-American War.

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In the Ranging Tradition: Texas Rangers in Worldwide Popular Culture

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The Secret War in El Paso: Mexican Revolutionary Intrigue, 1906–1920

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Official Texas Rangers website (Texas Department of Public Safety)

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Hampton, Benjamin B (April 1, 1910). "The Vast Riches of Alaska".

958:, which had developed into lawless territories. During the 1920s, 767: 741: 568: 481:. They were also responsible for the defeat of the fierce Mexican 424: 270: 254: 21: 1883:"The division relating to the Texas Rangers may not be abolished" 2201:"Rangers and Outlaws (Transcripts related to the Texas Rangers)" 2338: 2300: 2296:

The Adventures of Big-Foot Wallace, the Texas Ranger and Hunter

2284: 2238: 1563:, University of Texas Press, 1965, second edition, pp. 219–229. 2227: 433:

With the annexation of Texas within the United States and the

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less than twelve hundred prostitutes left the town of Borger.

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The situation grew even more dramatic when on March 9, 1916,

Website including Texas Ranger photographs {reference only}

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Website regarding Texas Rangers photograph {reference only}

1957:. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. 1934:. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. 1885:- Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 147, Sec. 1, September 1, 1987. 686:

tasked with solving the problem. That same year, the state

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Website including Texas Ranger photograph {reference only}

2109:"Mr. Taft's Peril; Reported Plot to Kill Two Presidents". 2132:

Barrow, Blanche Caldwell & John Neal Phillips (Ed.).

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The Men Who Wear the Star: The Story of the Texas Rangers

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Lone Star Justice: The First Century of the Texas Rangers

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The Men Who Wear the Star: The Story of the Texas Rangers

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led 500 Mexican raiders in a cross-border attack against

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first established their reputation as frontier fighters.

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In December 1859, Ford and his company were assigned to

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had subsided, and some 60 to 70 families had settled in

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An early depiction of a group of Texas Rangers, c. 1845

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and succeeded in weakening their territorial control.

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a Primary Source Adventure, a lesson plan hosted by

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Harris, Charles H. III & Sadler, Louis R., ibid.

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Parsons, Chuck & Hall Little, Marianne E., ibid.

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History of organizations based in the United States

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The Law Comes to Texas: The Texas Rangers 1870–1901

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Defending the Borders: The Texas Rangers, 1848–1861

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The Law Comes to Texas: The Texas Rangers 1870–1901

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Defending the Borders: The Texas Rangers, 1848–1861

701:The Frontier Battalion was soon augmented with the 2177: 1950: 705:, a second military group of 40 men under Captain 578:, in south Texas, where the local Mexican rancher 1949:Harris, Charles H. III; Sadler, Louis R. (2004). 1930:Harris, Charles H. III; Sadler, Louis R. (2009). 1755: 1753: 1751: 391:. The adoption of the state-of-the-art five-shot 2053:The Texas Rangers: A Century of Frontier Defense 1561:The Texas Rangers: A Century of Frontier Justice 1453:The Texas Rangers: A Century of Frontier Defense 376:First Regiment of Texas Mounted Rifle Volunteers 2627:History of law enforcement in the United States 2096:The Legend Begins: The Texas Rangers, 1823–1845 1987:Bonnie and Clyde: A Twenty-First-Century Update 1786:Harris, Charles H. III & Sadler, Louis R., 1611:Parsons, Chuck & Hall Little, Marianne E., 1013:in his re-election campaign, over his opponent 962:was decreed on several of these towns, such as 838:routes in Mexico by establishing themselves as 406:. At the suggestion of one of Hays's officers, 2165:Six Years with the Texas Rangers, 1875 to 1881 2012:Parsons, Chuck & Marianne E. Hall Little. 445:. From that moment on, their effectiveness as 32:belonging to the newly independent country of 2350: 2228:Official Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum 2203:. Texas State Library and Archives Commission 2149:Texas Ranger Tales: Stories That Need Telling 1535:Texas Ranger Tales: Stories That Need Telling 231: 8: 383:, a chief of the allied Native tribe of the 374:in 1842 and against attacks by Natives. The 881:, because the newspaper had criticized the 858:instructed Ranger Captain John R. Hughes, " 587:(who later became a notable general of the 2573:Foreign relations of the Republic of Texas 2357: 2343: 2335: 1706: 1394:, Wing Books, (1991 Edition), pp. 472-477. 494:reported in the November 16, 1848, issue: 238: 224: 67: 1809:. University of Texas Press. p. 88. 825:Mexican Revolution and early 20th century 1985:Knight, James R. & Davis, Jonathan. 296:and an identification badge made from a 2136:, University of Oklahoma Press (2004). 1730: 1694: 1602:killed 1893 is 3rd from right front row 1383: 1077: 549:and attacked a Comanche village in the 514:On January 27, 1858, Runnels allocated 100: 81: 70: 2583:Supreme Court of the Republic of Texas 2180:The Autobiography of John Hays Hammond 1742: 1718: 1682: 1670: 1658: 330:This situation changed radically when 7: 2055:, University of Texas Press (1989). 883:United States occupation of Veracruz 429:Texas Ranger on horseback, ca. 1846. 2323:by Paine, Albert Bigelow, 1861–1937 2271:The King Ranch and The King Rangers 2184:. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. 1905:(University of Texas Press. 1987). 595:), Ford's Rangers took part in the 398:(which had been turned down by the 1768:Johnson, Benjamin Herber, op. cit. 1252:John Horton "Texas John" Slaughter 323:. Houston, who had lived with the 51:explains the Rangers' uniqueness: 14: 2578:Congress of the Republic of Texas 1047:Texas Department of Public Safety 919:on the Mexican border in western 461:. The army, commanded by General 64:, they were never quite the same. 2366: 2299:, Published 1870, hosted by the 2237:, Published 1914, hosted by the 1975:, Yale University Press (2003). 1347: 1334:Benjamin Maney Gault (1886-1947) 1326: 1314: 1300: 1286: 1272: 1258: 1244: 1230: 1216: 1202: 1188: 1174: 1162: 1148: 1134: 1120: 1106: 1094: 1080: 567:) and took 18 prisoners and 300 207: 92: 24:settlement of what is today the 20:trace back to the first days of 2134:My Life With Bonnie & Clyde 1854:Webb, Walter Prescott, op. cit. 1308:William A. A. "Bigfoot" Wallace 792:Taft-Diaz assassination attempt 611:Civil War and late 19th century 2168:. Von Boeckmann-Jones Company. 1576:, Berkley Books, 2003, p. 144. 1045:under a new agency called the 1: 2151:, Republic of Texas, (1998). 2098:, State House Press, (1996). 2083:, State House Press, (1999). 2069:, State House Press, (2001). 1873:. Retrieved October 13, 2005. 1000:Modernization and present day 2557:Timelines of cities in Texas 2113:. London. October 16, 1909. 2016:, State House Press (2000). 1238:Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross 30:Province of Coahuila y Tejas 2588:Texas Historical Commission 2285:The Portal to Texas History 1494:. Retrieved March 26, 2007. 1015:Miriam Amanda "Ma" Ferguson 813:, a nephew of Texas Ranger 783:and confessions induced by 267:Mexican War of Independence 44:, hostilities with Mexico. 2658: 2162:Gillett, James B. (1921). 2031:, Modern Library, (2001). 1971:Johnson, Benmamin Herber. 1023:George "Machine Gun" Kelly 120:Early Spanish explorations 28:, when it was part of the 2596: 2331:, by Dr. Américo Paredes. 1835:, accessed March 10, 2016 1635:"McDonald, William Jesse" 807:Frederick Russell Burnham 420:William "Bigfoot" Wallace 302:Robert McAlpin Williamson 1833:Handbook of Texas Online 911:The final straw was the 735:Police Chief and Deputy 368:John Coffee "Jack" Hays' 265:By the early 1830s, the 2301:Portal to Texas History 2281:Lone Stars and Gunsmoke 2239:Portal to Texas History 2234:Rangers and Sovereignty 2051:Webb, Walter Prescott. 1559:Webb, Walter Prescott, 1451:Webb, Walter Prescott, 1196:Henry Eustace McCulloch 1142:John Coffee "Jack" Hays 1064:Ángel Maturino Reséndiz 758:(including bank robber 641:Henry Eustace McCulloch 553:Valley, flanked by the 251:Creation and early days 16:The origins of today's 2632:Legal history of Texas 2000:Martinez, Monica Muñoz 1989:, Eakin Press (2003). 1831:"Porvenir Massacre," [ 1492:Western Horsemen Story 1480:Lawmen of the Old West 1368:La Matanza (1910–1920) 1294:Samuel Hamilton Walker 1114:John Salmon "Rip" Ford 1088:John Barclay Armstrong 749: 541:in Texas, crossed the 523:John Salmon "Rip" Ford 509:Hardin Richard Runnels 501: 430: 408:Samuel Hamilton Walker 262: 66: 40:tribes, and after the 2622:Texas Ranger Division 2199:Texas State Library. 1373:Texas Ranger Division 1074:Notable Texas Rangers 906:13th Cavalry Regiment 856:Oscar Branch Colquitt 745: 657:Terry's Texas Rangers 585:Samuel P. Heintzelman 496: 428: 258: 53: 18:Texas Ranger Division 2094:Wilkins, Frederick. 2079:Wilkins, Frederick. 2065:Wilkins, Frederick. 1585:Wilkins, Frederick, 1546:Wilkins, Frederick, 1266:Erastus "Deaf" Smith 1055:Manuel T. Gonzaullas 1043:Texas Highway Patrol 902:Columbus, New Mexico 435:Mexican–American War 387:, used to call Hays 362:Mexican–American War 2027:Robinson, Charles. 1901:Ford, John Salmon. 1829:Cynthia E. Orozco, 1759:Cox, Mike, op. cit. 1520:Ford, John Salmon, 1416:Robinson, Charles, 1321:George Wythe Baylor 893:in September 1915. 798:William Howard Taft 488:los Diablos Tejanos 473:and the battles of 111:Pre-Columbian Texas 2263:2015-08-23 at the 2174:Hammond, John Hays 1919:Hampton's Magazine 1733:, pp. 565–66. 1572:Utley, Robert M., 1485:2007-10-08 at the 1390:Fehrenbach, T.R., 1280:Dallas Stoudenmire 1224:Leander H. McNelly 1182:Benjamin McCulloch 970:; at others, like 835:Mexican Revolution 781:summary executions 764:John Wesley Hardin 750: 729:Dallas Stoudenmire 707:Leander H. McNelly 692:Frontier Battalion 676:Texas State Police 649:Leander H. McNelly 637:Benjamin McCulloch 539:Brazos Reservation 449:and guides to the 447:guerrilla fighters 443:Resaca de la Palma 431: 416:Benjamin McCulloch 263: 2637:American frontier 2609: 2608: 2566:Government agency 2402:Republic of Texas 2249:Handbook of Texas 2191:978-0-405-05913-1 2157:978-1-55622-537-6 2142:978-0-8061-3625-7 2104:978-1-880510-41-4 2089:978-1-880510-61-2 2075:978-1-880510-41-4 2061:978-0-292-78110-8 2037:978-0-375-75748-8 2022:978-1-880510-73-5 1995:978-1-57168-794-4 1981:978-0-300-09425-1 1941:978-0-8263-4652-0 1911:978-0-292-77034-8 1869:Handbook of Texas 1509:978-0-8117-0400-7 1477:Circelli, Jerry, 1466:Captain Jack Hays 1440:The Texas Rangers 913:Porvenir Massacre 887:Plan of San Diego 877:, a newspaper in 869:The Rangers used 811:John Hays Hammond 633:Thomas S. Lubbock 492:Victoria Advocate 471:Siege of Veracruz 348:Texas Legislature 340:Córdova Rebellion 332:Mirabeau B. Lamar 317:Republic of Texas 275:Stephen F. Austin 248: 247: 198: 197: 160:Republic of Texas 2649: 2407:Texas annexation 2373:History of Texas 2371: 2370: 2359: 2352: 2345: 2336: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2195: 2183: 2169: 2122: 1968: 1956: 1945: 1926: 1903:Rip Ford's Texas 1886: 1880: 1874: 1861: 1855: 1852: 1846: 1843: 1837: 1827: 1821: 1820: 1801:Minutaglio, Bill 1797: 1791: 1784: 1778: 1777:Cox, Mike, ibid. 1775: 1769: 1766: 1760: 1757: 1746: 1740: 1734: 1728: 1722: 1716: 1710: 1704: 1698: 1692: 1686: 1680: 1674: 1668: 1662: 1656: 1647: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1637:. tshaonline.org 1631: 1625: 1622: 1616: 1609: 1603: 1596: 1590: 1583: 1577: 1570: 1564: 1557: 1551: 1544: 1538: 1531: 1525: 1522:Rip Ford's Texas 1518: 1512: 1501: 1495: 1475: 1469: 1462: 1456: 1449: 1443: 1436: 1430: 1427: 1421: 1414: 1408: 1401: 1395: 1388: 1363:History of Texas 1357: 1352: 1351: 1350: 1330: 1318: 1304: 1290: 1276: 1262: 1248: 1234: 1220: 1206: 1192: 1178: 1166: 1152: 1138: 1124: 1110: 1101:William Callicot 1098: 1084: 1068:African American 1031:Raymond Hamilton 1027:Pretty Boy Floyd 1019:Bonnie and Clyde 1006:Great Depression 940:Bonnie and Clyde 815:John Coffee Hays 629:George W. Baylor 547:Native Territory 537:scouts from the 520: 486:September 1847, 319:under President 309:Texas Revolution 240: 233: 226: 214:Texas portal 212: 211: 210: 107: 106: 96: 86: 68: 47:Texas historian 42:Texas Revolution 2657: 2656: 2652: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2612: 2611: 2610: 2605: 2592: 2561: 2487: 2443:Border disputes 2426: 2375: 2365: 2363: 2265:Wayback Machine 2219: 2206: 2204: 2198: 2192: 2172: 2161: 2129: 2127:Primary sources 2108: 1965: 1948: 1942: 1929: 1916: 1894: 1889: 1881: 1877: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1844: 1840: 1828: 1824: 1817: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1763: 1758: 1749: 1741: 1737: 1729: 1725: 1717: 1713: 1707:Daily Mail 1909 1705: 1701: 1693: 1689: 1681: 1677: 1669: 1665: 1657: 1650: 1640: 1638: 1633: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1610: 1606: 1597: 1593: 1584: 1580: 1571: 1567: 1558: 1554: 1545: 1541: 1532: 1528: 1519: 1515: 1502: 1498: 1487:Wayback Machine 1476: 1472: 1463: 1459: 1450: 1446: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1424: 1415: 1411: 1402: 1398: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1353: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1336: 1331: 1322: 1319: 1310: 1305: 1296: 1291: 1282: 1277: 1268: 1263: 1254: 1249: 1240: 1235: 1226: 1221: 1212: 1207: 1198: 1193: 1184: 1179: 1170: 1169:Robert Kinghorn 1167: 1158: 1153: 1144: 1139: 1130: 1125: 1116: 1111: 1102: 1099: 1090: 1085: 1076: 1002: 921:Presidio County 917:Porvenir, Texas 827: 794: 776:Salinero Revolt 762:and gunfighter 748: 665:John A. Wharton 613: 601:Rio Grande City 557:in what is now 515: 364: 261: 253: 244: 208: 206: 194:1865–1899 184:1861–1865 174:1845–1860 164:1836–1845 154:1821–1836 144:1690–1821 134:1684–1689 124:1519–1543 84: 77: 49:T.R. Fehrenbach 12: 11: 5: 2655: 2653: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2614: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2603: 2601:Years in Texas 2597: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2517:Corpus Christi 2514: 2509: 2504: 2498: 2496: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2458:Jewish history 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2424: 2422:State of Texas 2419: 2417:Reconstruction 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2376: 2364: 2362: 2361: 2354: 2347: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2324: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2292: 2287: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2253: 2241: 2230: 2225: 2218: 2217:External links 2215: 2214: 2213: 2196: 2190: 2170: 2159: 2145: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2123: 2106: 2092: 2077: 2063: 2049: 2047:978-1101979860 2039: 2025: 2010: 2008:978-0674976436 1997: 1983: 1969: 1963: 1946: 1940: 1927: 1914: 1899: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1887: 1875: 1856: 1847: 1838: 1822: 1815: 1792: 1779: 1770: 1761: 1747: 1745:, p. 213. 1735: 1723: 1711: 1699: 1687: 1675: 1663: 1648: 1626: 1617: 1604: 1591: 1578: 1565: 1552: 1539: 1526: 1513: 1496: 1470: 1464:O'Neal, Bill, 1457: 1444: 1431: 1422: 1409: 1396: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1359: 1358: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1332: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1313: 1311: 1306: 1299: 1297: 1292: 1285: 1283: 1278: 1271: 1269: 1264: 1257: 1255: 1250: 1243: 1241: 1236: 1229: 1227: 1222: 1215: 1213: 1208: 1201: 1199: 1194: 1187: 1185: 1180: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1161: 1159: 1154: 1147: 1145: 1140: 1133: 1131: 1126: 1119: 1117: 1112: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1093: 1091: 1086: 1079: 1075: 1072: 1062:serial killer 1001: 998: 997: 996: 891:Hidalgo County 826: 823: 793: 790: 746: 672:Reconstruction 625:Walter P. Lane 612: 609: 555:Antelope Hills 551:Canadian River 463:Winfield Scott 389:Bravo too much 363: 360: 313:Runaway Scrape 259: 252: 249: 246: 245: 243: 242: 235: 228: 220: 217: 216: 203: 202: 200:Years in Texas 196: 195: 192: 190:Reconstruction 186: 185: 182: 176: 175: 172: 166: 165: 162: 156: 155: 152: 146: 145: 142: 136: 135: 132: 126: 125: 122: 116: 115: 113: 103: 102: 98: 97: 89: 88: 79: 78: 71: 38:Plains Natives 26:State of Texas 22:Anglo-American 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2654: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2490: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2478:Texas Rangers 2476: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2429: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2412:Civil War era 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2397:Mexican Texas 2395: 2393: 2392:Spanish Texas 2390: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2360: 2355: 2353: 2348: 2346: 2341: 2340: 2337: 2330: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2245: 2244:Texas Rangers 2242: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2202: 2197: 2193: 2187: 2182: 2181: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1964:0-8263-3483-0 1960: 1955: 1954: 1947: 1943: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1884: 1879: 1876: 1872: 1870: 1865: 1864:Texas Rangers 1860: 1857: 1851: 1848: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1826: 1823: 1818: 1816:9781477310366 1812: 1808: 1807: 1802: 1796: 1793: 1789: 1783: 1780: 1774: 1771: 1765: 1762: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1724: 1721:, p. 16. 1720: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1703: 1700: 1696: 1691: 1688: 1685:, p. 15. 1684: 1679: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1664: 1661:, p. 26. 1660: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1636: 1630: 1627: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1582: 1579: 1575: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1500: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1488: 1484: 1481: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1461: 1458: 1454: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1435: 1432: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1387: 1384: 1378: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1356: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1329: 1324: 1317: 1312: 1309: 1303: 1298: 1295: 1289: 1284: 1281: 1275: 1270: 1267: 1261: 1256: 1253: 1247: 1242: 1239: 1233: 1228: 1225: 1219: 1214: 1211: 1210:Bill McDonald 1205: 1200: 1197: 1191: 1186: 1183: 1177: 1172: 1165: 1160: 1157: 1156:John B. Jones 1151: 1146: 1143: 1137: 1132: 1129: 1123: 1118: 1115: 1109: 1104: 1097: 1092: 1089: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1059: 1056: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1011:Ross Sterling 1007: 999: 993: 992: 991: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 952: 949: 945: 941: 937: 932: 928: 924: 922: 918: 914: 909: 907: 903: 899: 894: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 867: 865: 861: 857: 852: 850: 845: 841: 836: 831: 824: 822: 820: 816: 812: 808: 803: 802:Porfirio Díaz 799: 791: 789: 786: 782: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 756: 744: 740: 738: 734: 730: 726: 725: 720: 717:, called the 716: 712: 708: 704: 703:Special Force 699: 697: 696:John B. Jones 693: 689: 684: 679: 677: 673: 668: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 645:John B. 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Knowledge (XXG)

History of the Texas Ranger Division

Index