Knowledge (XXG)

History of the U.S. Open Cup

Source πŸ“

294:. Clubs from New Jersey and Massachusetts dominated the first twelve years. It would not be until 1897 that a club from outside those two states won the American Cup. Philadelphia Manz brought the title to Pennsylvania for the first time. Due to internal conflicts within the AFA, the cup was suspended in 1899, and it was not resumed until 1906. The conflicts within the AFA led to a movement to create a truly national body to oversee American soccer. Drawing on both its position as the oldest soccer organization and the status of the American Cup, the AFA argued that it should be the nationally recognized body. 556: 1000:, USSF announced that starting with the round of 16 they would use a fixed bracket. In the past, the bracket had been redrawn after each round to match regional teams against each other to save travel expenses. Now, in the round of 16, they would draw teams to a regional quarter of the bracket that would remain locked through the end of the tournament. The only exception was that no two teams from the same ownership group could play each other until the final. Since 2016, this scenario can only occur if at least one of the commonly owned clubs is amateur. 916:
interest. Additionally, all Open Cup matches are scheduled mid-week, which can be inconvenient for fans and supporters. Often, it is considered that the MLS team that wins the Open Cup is one with great depth on their roster, or one that has nothing much to play for in league competition. The fact that there is a lesser amount of interest in the competition leads most MLS clubs to play their home Open Cup games at smaller stadiums, usually high school or smaller college football fields or on their training facilities due to the lower
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include clubs from the Ohio River Valley and St. Louis regions, and create a new division for these clubs. Stoneham's plan involved having the two divisions compete in their own season, and the top clubs in each division playing in the ASL tournament to determine the ASL champion. Before the proposal, the National Challenge Cup was seen as the ultimate title in American soccer since most professional leagues in the United States focused on a specific region, rather than encompassing the entire country as a whole.
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tournament. An agreement between the two sides was tempered in mid-February and announced on March 1, 2024. It allowed eight MLS teams to participate with senior squads and eleven to be represented by MLS Next Pro teams. The teams participating in the 2024 CONCACAF Champions Cup would not send teams to the Open Cup. Discussions continued to find a solution for 2025 and beyond.
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United States Football Association or the American Soccer League was the true chief organization of American soccer at the time, and consequently wrecked the reputation and possibly even the popularity of the sport domestically. The colloquial "war" has been considered responsible for the fall of the ASL, and the end to the first golden age of American soccer.
165: 1028:, but in February 2021, the federation backtracked and announced the tournament would be pared down to 24 teams due to likely schedule congestion. The opening round was ultimately canceled, reducing the field to 16 teams; the entire tournament was ultimately canceled in July 2021, with U.S. Soccer focusing on a full field for 2022. 699:, the competition began to be dominated by several amateur sides, particularly clubs that were based in inter-city areas. From the mid-1940s until the mid-1990s, the competition finals featured only amateur teams. In fact, the United States Soccer Football Association (USSFA) eventually gave primary control of the tournament to the 968:, making it the second largest Open Cup crowd in the 2000s and fifth largest overall. The reasoning behind the large crowd has been attributed to the fact that D.C. United's management marketed the Open Cup as a tournament for the team to add an additional trophy to their collection and earn a preliminary berth in the 542:
Support for the USFA from other national federations, along with financial disadvantages the ASL faced as an unsanctioned league, eventually convinced the ASL that it could not win this "soccer war" and should yield. The "war" between the USFA and ASL was finally settled in early October 1929. During
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that fall. The National Challenge Cup quickly grew to overshadow the American Cup. However, both cups were played simultaneously for the next ten years. Declining respect for the AFA led to the withdrawal of several associations from its cup in 1917. Further competition came in 1924 when USFA created
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Through 2015, the amateur clubs have decided how to qualify their teams based on the number of allocated spots provided by USSF. The USSF then announced that starting with the 2016 tournament, the organization (USSF) would organize and control amateur qualifying. Qualifying would be completed in the
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in 1996, MLS franchises had the option to participate in the tournament on their terms. However, in 2006, all MLS franchises that were based in the United States had to participate in the tournament proper. Since the inception of MLS, an MLS club has won the Open Cup every year except 1999, when the
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season, which was its 15th season in existence. At the apex of the Depression, several surviving clubs created an incarnation of the ASL which began play in 1933, but the stringent economy lessened the ability of ASL teams to field strong teams, and thereby lacked the financial means nor interest to
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proposed that the ASL would create their own tournament to determine the champion of the ASL, and thus ultimately determine the top American soccer club. This was the creation of early forms of playoffs culminating a regular season. Additionally, the proposal included expanding into the Midwest to
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Towards the latter portions of the 1920s a period in American soccer known as the "American Soccer Wars" ignited. The Soccer Wars regarded the internal conflicts with the American Soccer League and their affiliated clubs participating in the National Challenge Cup. The debate involved whether the
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For most of MLS' existence, league clubs could not draw the same crowds for Open Cup matches as they would for the regular season or playoff matches. Some of it is attributed to the fact that MLS clubs typically play a majority of their matches against lower-tier clubs which may create a lack of
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The problem with this system was the fact that the American Soccer League was operating under a closed league model with a fixed number of franchises. This new tournament, or playoffs, would permanently cap the number of clubs entering this premier competition, unlike the National Challenge Cup,
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instead. This would have been the first year since MLS's inception that its teams did not take part in the tournament. However, on December 20, 2023, the United States Soccer Federation announced that it had denied MLS the necessary waiver to allow affiliated MLS Next Pro teams to play in the
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would see the largest field in the Open Cup's modern era: 71 fully professional teams, and 103 in total. In addition, starting from 2022, all Division II and III teams would enter in the second round, and MLS teams would have their entry staggered: only eight (the four competing in the
358:(USFA). Following the provisional sanctioning of FIFA in 1913, USFA quickly attempted to earn full sanctioning with the creation of an official national cup competition, which was called the National Challenge Cup, the roots of the modern day Open Cup. In 1914, the USFA overlooked the 1045:, plus the next two highest teams in both the Eastern and Western Conferences) would enter in the round of 32, while the remainder enter in the third round and would be drawn against winners from the second round. 31 teams played their first-ever Open Cup match in 2022, and 805:
Towards the latter portion of the 1970s into the 1980s, the National Cup featured a final more times than not between soccer clubs based in New York and Los Angeles, the two largest metropolises in the United States. Two of the strongest clubs during this time included the
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In spite of the disinterest in the Open Cup, some signs have indicated an upswing in the tournament importance and popularity. Some cite the competitions' long history as a critical factor in driving interest. The 2009 final, which featured storied MLS club
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raged on, the National Challenge Cup continued to hold the annual tournament, in spite of several other European nations putting their domestic cups on hold. During the early 1940s, the competition was dominated by Northeastern clubs, particularly
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metropolitan areas, continued to see excessive popularity of the sport, specifically with ethnic groups and expatriates. The popularity of soccer in these areas reflected on the Challenge Cup during the later Great Depression years, through the
378:, Field Club defeated Celtic 2–1 thanks to goals from Field Club's Adamson and Ford. In the first ever final, nearly 10,000 fans piled into Coates to watch the match. The winners of the tournament were awarded the Dewar Cup, donated by 761:. To some, this was considered a budding rivalry. The rivalry between Philadelphia and New York did not make its way to the National Cup Final, because of the Eastern vs. Western bracket set up, in which the final typically included a 895:, who has been considered by many as one of the greatest patrons for the growth and development of professional American soccer. Hunt, who owned three MLS clubs at the time, was a key cog in creating MLS and its predecessors, the 1007:
Also from 2016 forward, lower-division professional clubs that are owned by higher-division professional clubs, or whose playing staff is managed by a higher-division professional club, would be barred from the competition.
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In 1927, the issue intensified as ASL clubs were accused by FIFA for signing European players who were already under contract to European clubs. Due to the conflict and apparent corruption in the ASL, then USFA president,
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featured a mix of amateur and professional teams, making it the first time in nearly 45 years that the two levels were integrated into Open Cup play; it is considered the beginning of the Open Cup's "modern" era.
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due to scheduling conflicts, and the lack of cooperation the USFA inflicted on the ASL. American soccer historians claim that the real issue was the ASL vying to be the premier soccer body in the United States.
710:, NASL clubs declined to participate in the tournament, fearing it would divert interest away from the NASL Playoffs, and that playing a mix of minor league clubs and amateur clubs might also detract interest. 477: 279:, soccer in the United States was organized on regional levels, with no governing body overlooking regional soccer leagues. The first non-league organizing body within the United States was the 390:, and the recent winners of the tournament have been awarded a new, different trophy. Despite this change, the name of each winning club is still added to the base of the original Dewar Cup. 313:, the international governing body for soccer. In 1913, the AAFA gained an edge over the AFA when several AFA organizations moved to the AAFA. On April 5, 1913, the AAFA reorganized as the 1024:. The 2020 field would have featured 100 clubs, 62 of them fully professionalβ€”both modern-era records. U.S. Soccer initially announced that all 100 qualifiers would be invited back for 883:, who have each accumulated four domestic titles in their existence. The four titles puts Sporting, the Fire, and the Sounders in a six-way tie for the second most Open Cup titles won. 484:
teams, as many ASL owners owned MLB franchises. According to owners of ASL clubs, they saw these rulings as restrictions imposed on themselves, including the National Challenge Cup.
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The arrival of professional clubs on the scene dwarfed amateur clubs, and consequently, no amateur club has won or been to the Open Cup final in the MLS era. With the arrival of
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hosted the 1998 final, making it the first time in 60 years the final was played in the stadium. The 1998 final had the first five-figure attendance since the ASL era of soccer.
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season, halted during the settlement. Thanks to the settlement, the ASL was reassembled, and played the remainder of the 1929–30-year under the moniker "Atlantic Coast League".
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The initial issue with the ASL had been the scheduling of the National Challenge Cup, which had been straining for the ASL season schedule. Consequently, the ASL boycotted the
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attract foreign players. This consequently caused a Dark Age of soccer in which the sport as well as the National Challenge Cup fell out of popularity and into obscurity.
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and were subsequently suspended from the league and fined $ 1,000. Because of the ASL's decision, the USFA suspended the ASL which ignited the "Soccer Wars". In the
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years. Most clubs participating were either top amateur teams or semi-professional clubs that hoisted a handful of U.S. internationals, who worked part-time jobs.
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The competition dates back to 1914, when it was known as the National Challenge Cup. The actual tournament began play following FIFA sanctioning of the
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who made it to the National Cup finals seven times in nine years, from 1975 to 1984. In fact, the two teams met twice in the National Cup finals; in
186: 173: 1621: 1915: 1091: 1726: 692: 1096: 1021: 700: 383: 1752: 298: 505: 1595: 127: 793:. The club's dynasty in the National Cup came to an end in the 1970 edition of the tournament, where they lost to eventual Cup runners-up 321:. FIFA quickly granted a provisional membership and USFA began exerting its influence on the sport. This led to the establishment of the 99: 382:
for the promotion of soccer in America in 1912, until it was retired due to poor condition in 1979. It was brought back into use by the
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On December 15, 2023, Major League Soccer announced that its teams would no longer participate in the U.S. Open Cup, starting with the
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Starting in 1995, professional clubs would retain their USSF sanctioning if their clubs agreed to participate in the tournament. The
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and the lack of American soccer players dominating the league. It resulted in ASL owners wanting to run their soccer clubs more like
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in the hopes of removing any penalizations imposed on the ASL and USFA. Other issues regarding the soccer league involved the
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Just two weeks following the United States Football Association and American Soccer League settlement, the stock market
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and southern New York. Within two years, this region began to widen to include teams in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts.
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as the only non-MLS teams to reach the Open Cup final since that league kicked off in 1996. Sacramento lost the
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of California. For both the Philadelphia and N.Y. Ukrainians, their domination came to an end with the rise of
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Within a year of its founding, the AFA organized the first non-league cup in U.S. soccer history, known as the
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Throughout the latter part of the 1910s, the competition typically saw clubs from New York City or the
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In 1998, the United States Soccer Federation passed a motion to rebrand the tournament in honor of
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In spite of the decline in the sport's popularity, several pockets of the country, primarily the
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in 1997, but went back on permanent display at the now closed National Soccer Hall of Fame in
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which the tournament was open to any USFA-affiliated team. Due to such reasons, three teams,
1514: 917: 860: 637: 591: 488: 1491: 406:, the competition became dominated by these ASL clubs, as well as clubs that played in the 1062: 872: 868: 672: 524: 371: 1596:"State of the US Open Cup: After 97 years, is the tournament finally starting to arrive?" 1260: 440: 330:. That spelled the death knell for the American Cup. It played its last season in 1924. 1398: 1020:, the U.S. Open Cup was canceled for the first time ever following the outbreak of the 794: 664: 1367: 1340: 1202: 718:
Throughout the post-war era, the National Cup was heavily dominated by clubs based in
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were among the few clubs to win both the National Challenge Cup and the American Cup.
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During the early to mid-1960s, the competition was heavily dominated between the
738:, these regions were the only areas that heralded a National Cup champion, until 1420: 965: 961: 929: 766: 652: 649: 607: 399: 338: 263: 62: 785:, who won three National Cup titles consecutively, winning their first tile in 413:
One of the first STLSL clubs to break through the domestic cup competition was
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also made multiple finals appearances in the decade, each winning one title.
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affiliated teams, from amateur adult club teams to the professional clubs of
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fall of the previous year. This would not affect the upper division teams.
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in the final. The most successful MLS clubs in Open Cup play are the
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and 1982 with the Pancyprian-Freedoms defeating Maccabi both times.
1755:(Press release). United States Soccer Federation. January 25, 2022 942: 833: 695:
after 1933, and the declining number of professional clubs in the
682: 554: 439: 337: 301:(AAFA) was created. The association quickly spread outside of the 262: 1893: 952: 487:
With the hope of breaking away from the National Challenge Cup,
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won the 1924, 1927, 1930 and 1931 editions of the Challenge Cup
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The first cup for National Cup winners was donated by
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For a listing of all U.S. Open Cup champions, see the
964:, saw a crowd of 17,239 attend the Open Cup final at 563:, who were dominant in the Challenge Cup in the 1930s 1541:"Fixing The US Open Cup And Looking into The Future" 2607: 2037: 1931: 1488:"The Year in American Soccer – 2006: U.S. Open Cup" 594:intensified, the original ASL folded following the 87:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 955:prior to kickoff of the 2010 U.S. Open Cup final. 1036:On January 25, 2022, U.S. Soccer announced that 1808:"MLS teams must play in Open Cup - U.S. Soccer" 1366:. The American Soccer Archives. Archived from 1339:. The American Soccer Archives. Archived from 1201:. The American Soccer Archives. Archived from 1192: 1190: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1182: 1180: 687:Trophy awarded to the Rochester Rhinos in 1999 510:Eastern Professional Soccer League (1928–1929) 230:is an American soccer competition open to all 1909: 8: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1801: 1799: 1772: 1770: 50:Learn how and when to remove these messages 1916: 1902: 1894: 1107:List of U.S. Open Cup winning head coaches 988:in front of a new record crowd of 35,709. 307:American Amateur Football Association Cup 212:Learn how and when to remove this message 147:Learn how and when to remove this message 810:, who won three domestic titles between 583:by winning both the 1930 season and the 543:that time the ASL had already begun its 189:of all important aspects of the article. 1515:"Seeing the U.S. Open Cup as half-full" 1123: 1092:American Soccer League (disambiguation) 1049:eliminated three MLS sides to join the 867:defeated four MLS teams, including the 757:and their expatriate counterparts, the 527:, rejected the proposal, played in the 370:, New York took on cross-borough rival 297:In October 1911, a competing body, the 240:history of the U.S. Open Cup tournament 2760:History of soccer in the United States 1097:History of soccer in the United States 701:United States Adult Soccer Association 551:Great Depression and collapse of ASL I 384:United States Adult Soccer Association 185:Please consider expanding the lead to 1261:"1928 National Challenge Cup Results" 352:American Amateur Football Association 305:and created its own cup in 1912, the 299:American Amateur Football Association 7: 1832:Carlisle, Jeff (February 19, 2024). 1806:Bonagura, Kyle (December 20, 2023). 1397:. spectrum.sover.net. Archived from 1364:"The Year in American Soccer – 1933" 1337:"The Year in American Soccer – 1930" 1199:"The Year in American Soccer – 1929" 984:claim their first Open Cup on their 85:adding citations to reliable sources 1539:Feuerstien, Daniel (May 27, 2009). 1287:Allaway, Roger (October 24, 2010). 1229:Westervelt, Ted (October 5, 2010). 1157:Litterer, Dave (January 10, 2003). 924:who play their Open Cup matches at 830:MLS and the start of the modern era 1513:Rogers, Martin (October 7, 2007). 537:Eastern Professional Soccer League 356:United States Football Association 315:United States Football Association 14: 1594:Hakala, Josh (November 6, 2010). 1567:"Throwing open the U.S. Open Cup" 722:urban cores, particularly in the 31:This article has multiple issues. 1620:Clare, Steve (October 6, 2010). 1391:"History of Soccer in St. Louis" 506:American Soccer League (1921–33) 360:inaugural National Challenge Cup 163: 61: 20: 1889:United States Soccer Federation 1677:United States Soccer Federation 319:United States Soccer Federation 277:United States Soccer Federation 232:United States Soccer Federation 177:may be too short to adequately 72:needs additional citations for 39:or discuss these issues on the 1884:TheCup.us – U.S. Open Cup news 1854:Goff, Steven (March 1, 2024). 769:team, against a team from the 691:With the fall of the original 533:1928–29 American Soccer League 187:provide an accessible overview 96:"History of the U.S. Open Cup" 1: 1565:Dure, Beau (April 15, 2010). 1263:. TheCup.us. January 27, 2009 1159:"1914 National Challenge Cup" 346:and known as the "Dewar Cup". 281:American Football Association 1443:"1970 U.S. Open Cup results" 1313:September 25, 1928 The Globe 1289:"What was the "Soccer War"?" 1163:The American Soccer Archives 1102:List of U.S. Open Cup finals 897:North American Soccer League 808:New York Pancyprian-Freedoms 708:North American Soccer League 706:In spite of the rise of the 374:. Played at Coates Field in 247:list of U.S. Open Cup finals 585:1930 National Challenge Cup 529:1928 National Challenge Cup 419:1922 National Challenge Cup 354:(AAFA), which rebranded as 275:Before the creation of the 2776: 1465:"Championships and Honors" 1324:November 4, 1929 The Globe 779:Cosmopolitan Soccer League 503: 500:The "American Soccer Wars" 362:. In the first final, the 334:National Challenge Cup era 256: 2719: 1421:"USOC History: 1946–1966" 1043:CONCACAF Champions League 970:CONCACAF Champions League 901:United Soccer Association 697:American Soccer League II 317:, presently known as the 1445:. TheCup.us. August 1970 1395:American Soccer Archives 932:who play their games at 911:Resurgence in popularity 905:Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup 610:regions, as well as the 228:Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup 1069:MLS attempt to withdraw 1051:Rochester Raging Rhinos 949:Emerald City Supporters 926:Starfire Sports Complex 755:Philadelphia Ukrainians 659:, finals appearance in 627:World War II and ASL II 472:, Finland for the 1927 408:St. Louis Soccer League 376:Pawtucket, Rhode Island 238:. The following is the 956: 843: 775:San Francisco Bay Area 750:won the National Cup. 748:San Francisco Bay Area 693:American Soccer League 688: 564: 448: 436:ASL vs. USFA conflicts 404:American Soccer League 347: 323:National Challenge Cup 272: 946: 887:Competition rebranded 837: 686: 561:Stix, Baer and Fuller 558: 482:Major League Baseball 443: 341: 266: 257:Further information: 2734:Winning head coaches 1112:United Soccer League 938:George Mason Stadium 877:Sporting Kansas City 783:Greek American Atlas 714:Inner City dominance 521:New York Giants S.C. 328:National Amateur Cup 81:improve this article 1860:The Washington Post 1784:. December 15, 2023 1494:on November 5, 2015 1370:on November 2, 2015 1047:Sacramento Republic 1012:COVID cancellations 974:Seattle Sounders FC 934:Maryland SoccerPlex 922:Seattle Sounders FC 881:Seattle Sounders FC 856:Major League Soccer 820:Maccabi Los Angeles 797:in the semifinals. 771:Greater Los Angeles 759:New York Ukrainians 734:area. Beginning in 478:closed league model 364:Brooklyn Field Club 236:Major League Soccer 1707:. February 8, 2021 1704:Sports Illustrated 1055:Charleston Battery 957: 848:1995 U.S. Open Cup 844: 689: 669:Ponta Delgada S.C. 573:Spring 1930 season 565: 493:New York Nationals 491:, an owner of the 457:1925 Challenge Cup 449: 348: 273: 2742: 2741: 1679:. August 17, 2020 1675:(Press release). 1022:COVID-19 pandemic 982:Atlanta United FC 650:cross-town rivals 388:Oneonta, New York 269:Fall River Rovers 222: 221: 214: 204: 203: 157: 156: 149: 131: 54: 2767: 1918: 1911: 1904: 1895: 1871: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1829: 1823: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1803: 1794: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1774: 1765: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1749: 1743: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1723: 1717: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1695: 1689: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1669: 1663: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1653:. 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"History of the U.S. Open Cup"
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Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup
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Major League Soccer
list of U.S. Open Cup finals
American Cup

Fall River Rovers
United States Soccer Federation
American Football Association
New Jersey
American Cup

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