Vlachs - Knowledge (XXG)

3437: 3516: 55: 7345:„Crainich Miochouich et Stiepanus Glegieuich ad meliustenendem super se et omnia eorum bona se obligando promiserunt ser Тhome de Bona presenti et acceptanti conducere et salauum dare in Souisochi in Bosna Dobrassino Veselcouich nomine dicti ser Тhome modia salis mille quingenta super equis siue salmis sexcentis. Et dicto sale conducto et presentato suprascripto Dobrassino in Souisochi medietatem illius salis dare et mensuratum consignare dicto Dobrassino. Et aliam medietatem pro eorum mercede conducenda dictum salem pro ipsius conductoribus retinere et habere. Promittentes vicissim omnia et singularia suprascripta firma et rata habere et tenere ut supra sub obligatione omnium suorum bonorum. Renuntiando" (09.08. 1428.g.), Div. Canc., XLV, 31v. 3528: 862: 496: 3548: 4672:

practice, are mutually intelligible) diverged only in the ninth or tenth century. While Romanian historians have tried to argue that the Romanian-speakers have always lived in the territory of Romania (originating, it is claimed, from Romanized Dacian tribes and/or Roman legionaries), there is compelling evidence to show that the Romanian-speakers were originally part of the same population as the Vlachs, whose language and way of life were developed somewhere to the south of the Danube. Only in the twelfth century did the early Romanian-speakers move northwards into Romanian territory.

3480: 1303: 874: 2429: 3453: 2887: 3500: 715: 7429:"Et qui e regione Danubio item adiacent Ripenses Daci, sive Valachi, originem, quam ad decus prae se ferunt praedicantque Romanam, loquela ostendunt, quos catholice christianos Romam quotannis et Apostolorum limina invisentes aliquando gavisi sumus ita loquentes audire, ut, quae vulgari communique gentis suae more dicunt, rusticam male grammaticam redoleant latinitatem." 901:. On the other hand, opponents of this theory say that the Romanians and the Vlachs, including the ancestors of present-day Aromanians, were originally part of the same group of speakers of Eastern Romance languages, and that their origins should be sought in the southern Balkans. Early Romanian-speakers would have then moved northwards from the 12th century onwards. 7116: 7411:"Apud superiores Sarmatas colonia est ab Traiano, ut aiunt, derelicta, quae nunc etiam inter tantam barbariem multa retinet latina vocabula, ab Italis, qui eo profecti sunt, notata. Oculum dicunt, digitum, manum, panem multaque alia quibus apparet ab Latinis, qui coloni ibidem relicti fureant manasse, eamque coloniam fuisse latino sermone usam." 2154:, confirms the right of the archdiocese to tithes from mining wages and from animal taxes collected from the Szeklers and Vlachs to the king or anyone else, among the judicial, accommodation and taxation privileges of the archdiocese, with the exception of land rents from Saxons, but also from Vlachs from everywhere and from anywhere they came. 1220:

opinion they should not be believed even if the Vlachs take an oath. Kekaumenos arbitrarily identified the Vlachs with the Dacians according to the archaizing efforts of his time, because the tendency to refer to later peoples with classical names was common in Byzantium at the time of Kekaumenos. Kekaumenos also confused the Roman province

1928:, but they are not credible in the subject and the chronicle is not evidence for presence of Vlachs in Transylvania. Madgearu attempts to prove that a Vlach-Slav population existed in Transylvania before the arrival of the Hungarians by recounting place names of Slavic origin he believes weren't adopted to Romanian via Hungarian. 1469: 2139:, for his services in various foreign embassies, donates to Vince, Comes of the Szekler of Sebus, the land called Zek between the territory of the Vlachs of Kyrch, the Saxons of Barasu, and the Szeklers of Sebus, which once belonged to a Saxon estate called Fulkun, but has been uninhabited since the Mongol invasion. 3436: 1219:

According to Hungarian historians, Kekaumenos made the Dacians the ancestors of the Vlachs because he knew about the deceitfulness of the Dacians against the Romans, and according to him the Dacians and Vlachs had a perfectly matching nature, treachery and political unreliability, so much that in his

4671:

The name 'Vlach' was a word used by the Slavs for those they encountered who spoke a strange, usually Latinate, language; the Vlachs' own name for themselves is 'Aromanians' (Aromani). As this name suggests, the Vlachs are closely linked to the Romanians: their two languages (which, with a little

1267:

region is made, the document is kept in the archive of the monastery Great Lavra on Mount Athos. According to this Emperor Alexios I Komnenos replies to the monks of the monastery complaining that people on their domain are not paying taxes. The document contains some of the first Romanian names,

2560:

In 1335, a royal commissioner, on the orders of the King of Hungary, arranges for a Vlach voivode named Bogdan to move to the Kingdom of Hungary "with his entire household and people". According to the charter, the settlement of the Vlach voivode and his people lasted from 1 November 1334 to 15

2415:

to keep the 60 households of Romanians (mansiones Olacorum) free from all taxes and services on the lands of Dalya, Ompaycza, Fylesd and Enugd, separated from the episcopal estates. These Romanians should not be forced by any royal tax collector to pay taxes, dues, or fiftieths. The charter,

3527: 5662: 738:, one that was also often engaged in the transport of goods, colonisation of empty lands, and military service. It will then expand to local interpretations with religious, ethnic, and social status particularities across the wider region, being employed as a name for 2280:

only in the 12th century, therefore Hungarian chroniclers identified the semi-nomadic lifestyle of the Vlachs as a distinguishing characteristic. Kézai wrote that the Vlachs gave script to the Székelys, but the reality is different, because Kézai wrote about the

3059:

In addition to the ethnic groups of Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians and Istro-Romanians who emerged during the Migration Period, other Vlachs could be found as far north as Poland, as far west as Moravia and Dalmatia. In search of better pasture, they were called

1867:, are not a sufficient reason to discredit the entire document as a historical source. It is important to note, however, that the chronicle mentions many rulers, but none of them is mentioned in any other contemporary chronicle. According to Romanian historian 804:(also known under other names, such as "Koutsovlachs", "Tsintsars", "Karagouni", "Chobani", "Vlasi", etc.) is used in scholarship for the Romance-speaking communities in the Balkans, especially those in Greece, Albania and North Macedonia. In Serbia the term 3515: 2187:

From 1276 King Ladislaus allows the chapter of Alba Iulia to settle 60 Romanian households (mansiones) on the border of his estates called Fülesd and Enyed, separated from the episcopal lands, and to exempt them from all royal taxes, fiftieth and tithes.

6045:, Românii în secolul al XIII-lea între cruciată şi imperiul mongol, București, 1993, 36; A. Lukács, Ţara Făgăraşului, 156; T. Sălăgean, Transilvania în a doua jumătate a secolului al XIII-lea. Afirmarea regimului congregaţional, Cluj-Napoca, 2003, 26-27 2683:

cities bloom with industry and commerce, while the fertile lands of Hungarian farmers produce good wine, fat cattle, and plenty of grain for bread. High upon the mountains Vlach herdsmen tend to their sheep, and bring down good tasting cheese to the

3004:

notes that "the Dacians or Vlachs claim to have Roman origins and they think this fact is a decoration in itself" and that "when they spoke the language of their common and simple people it scent of a grammatically incorrect peasant Latin".

746:

population in opposition to Catholic population, for the rural population of the hinterlands, the Christian population in general as opposed to Muslim population, or a combination of these aspects. During the early history of the

831:, more commonly apprentice shepherds. The term originated following Vlachian arrival in mounts and hills of present-day Slovakia in 14th century and coinciding development in sheep herding and dairy industry. Further west, in 7816:

Though focussed on the Vlachs of North Macedonia, has in-depth discussion of many topics, including the origins of the Vlachs, their status as a minority in various countries, their political use in various contexts, and so

5341:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Balassi Kiadó, Szegedi Tudományegyetem - Középkori Egyetemes Történeti Tanszék (University of Szeged - Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences - Department of Medieval History). pp. 18–20. 1885:, however no archaeological evidence was found to prove the subject. Hungarian archaeologist István Bóna also accused Romanian archaeologists of hiding evidence that did not fit their interpretation regarding the 3575:, but the problem is that many migrations were in multiple directions during the same time. These migrations were not just part of the history of the Balkans and the Carpathians, they exist in the Caucasus, the 2542: 6138:

History of Transylvania Volume I. From the Beginnings to 1606 – III. Transylvania in the Medieval Hungarian Kingdom (896–1526) – 1. Transylvania's Indigenous Population at the Time of the Hungarian Conquest

1077:

in contexts taking place decades before the earliest appearance of the Cumans in the Pontic steppe, and that translating the name to "Black Cumans" is not concordant with the Varangian ethnic terminology.

2285:, and his opinion was based on the observation that the Vlach shepherds engraved symbols while counting their sheep. Kézai confused the Székely runs with the Cyrillic script which was used by the Vlachs. 1682:. The chronicle describes how the Crusaders captured several Vlachs who told them that the Vlachs live in Macedonia, Thessaly and Bulgaria, and that because they were heavily taxed, they were rebelling. 3374:

groups. During the Middle Ages, many Vlachs were shepherds who drove their flocks through the mountains of Central and Eastern Europe. Vlach shepherds may be found as far north as southern Poland (

1484:

living in the theme of Paristrion of the Byzantine Empire, caused by a tax increase. It began on 26 October 1185, the feast day of St. Demetrius of Thessaloniki, and ended with the creation of the

2878:

included segregation policies stating that "a Serb shall not marry a Vlach". However, these laws were not successful and intermarriage between Slavs, Vlachs and also Albanians did take place.

2408:, publishes an "angry" charter to the Transylvanian nobility, mentions that all the Vlachs were supposed to be settled on the royal crown's property called "Székes", not on their own estates. 2248:) "Vlach newcomer", the adjective classifying Romanians as immigrants was omitted from the Romanian translation. Some Hungarian scholars noted that Simon of Kéza used different spellings for 54: 1228:, and even he placed it further west where it actually was, that is why he mentioned the Serbian territory as the homeland, the Bessus tribe was a neighbor of the Roman province Macedonia. 1916:

shows that is too naive to claim it is an immaculate source, just as it is foolhardy to totally discredit its reliability, and the conclusion, the cases for and against the existence of

7275: 6829: 6580:

sed siculi, olachi et Saxones omnes vias ipsorum cum indaginibus stipaverunt sive giraverunt et sic (de vita ipsorum omnino sunt de) necessitate cogente ibidem castra eorum sunt metati

2689:

In 1359, the King of Hungary allowed a Vlach noble family and their household to settle in the country, first giving them 13 villages, and then 6 years later another 5 villages in the

6848:

History of Transylvania Volume I. From the Beginnings to 1606 - III. Transylvania in the Medieval Hungarian Kingdom (896–1526) - 2. From the Hungarian Conquest to the Mongol Invasion

3547: 3479: 1069:

people, since the "Blakumen" in the texts are "non-christian heathens" and nomadic horsemans. Spinei contrasts Pritsak's view by claiming that there are several mentions of the

1053:

is mentioned in Nordic sagas dating between the 11th and 13th centuries, with respect to events that took place in either 1018 or 1019 somewhere at the northwestern part of the

3569:

for several recent centuries the investigation of the Vlachian ethnogenesis was so much dominated by political issues that any progress in this respect was incredibly difficult

2853:

In 1383 the so-called "Peace convention of Christian" is signed by Saxons and Romanians (Vlachs) from the area of Sibiu, aimed to ensure the peace between the two communities.

2173:

on 12 July 1260, on the border between Hungary and Austria, near the castle and town of Hemburg on the Moraua River. Among the people that fought in Béla's army Vlachs, called

1795:

Sándor Timaru-Kast alleges that the Venetian Chronicle refers to the land that would become Wallachia as "Black Cumania", "the colony of black Vlachs who migrated northwards".

7978:

Octavian Ciobanu, "The Role of the Vlachs in the Bogomils' Expansion in the Balkans.", Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies, Year 4, Issue 7, December 2021, pp. 11–32.

1461:

described Leon Vatatzes' military expedition along the northern Danube, where Vatatzes mentioned the participation of Vlachs in battles with the Magyars (Hungarians) in 1166.

7981:

A.J.B Wace, M.A. & M.S. Thompson, M.A. 'The Nomads of The Balkans' An Account Of Life And Customs Among The Vlachs of Northen Pindus, Methuen & Co. LTD. London, 1914.

4015: 1871:

and leading Romanian medievalist Radu Popa, during the 1960–1989 period, the archaeological evidences were manipulated to meet the demands of the nationalist policies of the

1499:

lost his wife, he wanted to marry the daughter of Bela III of Hungary, but there was not enough money for the wedding, so he imposed taxes in the regions and cities of the

1674: 1005:, Alans, Greeks and many other peoples." According to other non-Romanian historians, based on the context, the "Waladj" are not the Vlachs, but a people living around the 7957: 1599:, and among the defenders there were many Vlachs. The King used the opportunity and "... took home a number of these valiant mountain soldiers, and settled them in the 759:, made up of Christians who served as auxiliary forces and were exempted of certain taxes until the beginning of the 17th century. In this context, a large part of the 2006:

around 1202, which was granted land, mentions it was built in the land of the Vlachs/Romanians. This is also the first mention of the Vlachs in Hungarian documents.

1362:

away, took their land and settled among the Slavs. The Primary Chronicle thus contains a possible reference to Romanians. Other non-Romanian historians consider the

7313: 5597: 5327:

Ferincz, István; Balogh, László; Font, Márta; Kovács, Szilvia; Polgár, Szabolcs; Zimonyi, István (2015). Zimonyi, István; Balogh, László; Kovács, Szilvia (eds.).

4751:

Ibn al Nadim, al-Fihrist. English translation: The Fihrist of al-Nadim. Editor și traducător: B. Dodge, New York, Columbia University Press, 1970, p. 37 with n.82

4729: 3534: 7028: 6651: 7627:

Z. Konečný, F. Mainus, Stopami minulosti: Kapitoly z dějin Moravy a Slezska/Traces of the Past: Chapters from the History of Moravia and Silesia, Brno:Blok,1979

2807:

Papal documents from late 14th century reference the conquest of Medieș fortress "from the hands of schismatic Vlachs" by an unnamed King of Hungary. Historian

1143:). The same text describes that the homeland of the Vlachs is Thessaly, precisely the part of the region divided by the river Pleres. Florin Curta adds that 5560:

provoking the barbarians who lived in the vicinity of Mount Haimos, formerly called Mysians and now named Vlachs, to declare war against him and the Romans.

1847:, a Turkic people. László Makkai writes that "this hypothesis does not bear the test of scholarly scrutiny". The chronicle's authenticity is in question in 5921:

Pop, Ioan-Aurel (1996). Românii şi maghiarii în secolele IX-XIV. Geneza statului medieval în Transilvania] . Center for Transylvanian Studies. pages 84-85

5518: 5506: 1882: 1812: 1256:

According to the Alexiad, in 1094–1095, Emperor Alexius Komnenos was notified by a Vlach chieftain called Poudila about the crossing of the Danube by a

3673: 2804:" and to "settle them on his estates". Also in the same letter, he asks the "border nobles" that "if strangers come from Wallachia, do not stop them". 789:) and is still used as a derogatory term to refer to the rural inhabitants of the hinterland, both Croats and Serbs, as "peasants" and "ignorants". In 3645: 3452: 3051:"—"This Inscription was translated from Valachian (Romanian) into Latin, but the King has received it written in the Ruthenian language (Slavic)." 7967:

Adina Berciu-Drăghicescu, Aromâni, meglenoromâni, istroromâni : aspecte identitare şi culturale, Editura Universităţii din București, 2012.

2401:

In 1292, Andrew III of Hungary allows some Hungarian nobles to invite Vlachs to the country, to their estates called "Ilye", "Szád" and "Fenes".

1678:

mention the Vlachs as people living in the mountains and forests of the Balkans. The chronicle also describes the Vlachs' homeland as being near

1439:, and from there they sometimes come down to plunder, which they do quickly, as swift as deers, for which reasons there is no king to rule them. 7933:, a documentary film by Alastair Kenneil and Tod Sedgwick (US) 1971 describes life in the Vlach village of Samarina in Epiros, Northern Greece. 3499: 5439: 4760:

Spinei, Victor, The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century. Brill. 2009, p. 83

7972: 7906: 7846: 7544: 7485: 7297: 6534: 6473: 6118: 6099: 5972: 5944: 5695: 5346: 4491: 4427: 4205: 3973: 3924: 3869: 5465:

V. Spinei, The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta From the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century, Brill, 2009, p. 132.

4742:

Spinei, V. (2009). The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century. Brill, p. 152

7673: 4910: 4373:"Zef Mirdita, Vlasi u historiografiji [Vlachs in historiography], "Hrvatski institut za povijest", Zagreb 2004., 562 str" 2147: 1851:, because it confuses the peoples living in the area in the 12th century and the peoples of the 9th century. Among others, it includes the 6680:"Erdélyi okmánytár I. (1023-1300) (Magyar Országos Levéltár kiadványai, II. Forráskiadványok 26. Budapest, 1997) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana" 6413:"Erdélyi okmánytár I. (1023-1300) (Magyar Országos Levéltár kiadványai, II. Forráskiadványok 26. Budapest, 1997) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana" 6387:"Erdélyi okmánytár I. (1023-1300) (Magyar Országos Levéltár kiadványai, II. Forráskiadványok 26. Budapest, 1997) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana" 6361:"Erdélyi okmánytár I. (1023-1300) (Magyar Országos Levéltár kiadványai, II. Forráskiadványok 26. Budapest, 1997) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana" 6335:"Erdélyi okmánytár I. (1023-1300) (Magyar Országos Levéltár kiadványai, II. Forráskiadványok 26. Budapest, 1997) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana" 6309:"Erdélyi okmánytár I. (1023-1300) (Magyar Országos Levéltár kiadványai, II. Forráskiadványok 26. Budapest, 1997) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana" 6261:"Erdélyi okmánytár I. (1023-1300) (Magyar Országos Levéltár kiadványai, II. Forráskiadványok 26. Budapest, 1997) | Könyvtár | Hungaricana" 4473: 1139:, in the high mountains of Bulgaria, where it is very cold. (it is clear from the text that we are talking about the mountains of today's 7748: 7598:, vol. IV, ed. Kister, Geneve, Switzerland, 1970, pp. 290-291, and many other maps & old atlases – these names disappear after 1980. 4653:

is an obvious fact: Thraco-Romans haven't vanished in the soil & Vlachs haven't appeared after 1000 years by spontaneous generation.

4529: 495: 8078: 3160:), mentioned by Pope Honorius III in 1222. Vlachs led by Ploskanea supported the Tatars in the 1223 Battle of Kalka. Vlach lands near 2925: 2767:

special privileges to the Transylvanian noblemen to take measures against malefactors belonging to any nation, especially the Vlachs.

2200: 1260:

army, and that to prepare himself for the attack, then the Vlachs likewise led the Cumans through the gorges of the Balkan Mountains.

1135:

In 1071, a Byzantine document mentions that the herds of the Vlachs and their household spend the months of April to September beyond

5147:[Mátyás Gyóni: The oldest opinion about the origin of the Romanian people. Kekaumenos' works as sources of Romanian history] 7877: 7829: 7394: 6855: 6794: 6145: 5871: 5470: 5286: 5027: 4935: 4816: 4638: 4611: 4273: 3821: 3763: 2621:

appears, which can be interpreted as an expression of the papal chancellery's conviction about the Roman origin of the Wallachians.

2301: 1739: 1627: 1413: 1022: 4290:

Locators of the settlements under Wallachian law in the Sambor starosty in XVth and XVIth c. Territorial, ethnic and social origins

4019: 2079:

to let them into his country: "for the sake of God, give refuge to those poor Vlachs who tried to escape from their Cuman rulers."

3590:

of Vlach heritage in the Balkans, denial of Vlach descend of various groups and personalities, and exclusion from political life.

2574:

styles himself "Imperator Raxie et Romanie, dispotus Lartae et Blachie comes" – Emperor of Rascia and Romania, despot of Arta and

7616:

that in 1550 a foreign writer, the Italian Gromo, called the Banat "Valachia citeriore" (the Wallachia that stands on this side).

6172:

J. DEER, Der Weg zur Goldenen Bulle Andreas II. Von 1222, în Schweizer Beitrage zur Allgemeinen Geschichte, 10, 1952, pp. 104-138

3640: 3610: 3490: 1925: 8073: 4346:"Being an Ottoman Vlach: On Vlach Identity(ies), Role and Status in Western Parts of the Ottoman Balkans (15th–18th Centuries)" 861: 8015: 6850:. New York: Columbia University Press, (The Hungarian original by Institute of History Of The Hungarian Academy of Sciences). 2531: 2476: 515:

found in Western sources derived from medieval German, while the Germanic population from Transylvania used also the variants

7954: 7936:

John Kennedy Campbell, 'Honour Family and Patronage' A Study of Institutions and Moral Values in a Greek Mountain Community,

7862: 7727:

The Russian Primary Chronicle, Laurentian Text. Translated and edited by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor

7263: 6001: 5581: 5311: 4313: 2640: 2564:

In 1341, a Hungarian royal document notes that the Hungarian Czibak noble family can invite and settle more Vlachs to their

1967:. After this, all Hungarian battles in the Carpathian region were supported by Romance-speaking soldiers from Transylvania. 1342:

people attacked the Slavs, settled among them and did them violence, leading to the Slavs departing and settling around the

3026:

wrote about Vlachs in Medieval Poland – Małopolska region, theorizing their origin as a population that came from Italy or

5374:. Translated by A. S. Dawes, Elizabeth. Ontario: In parentheses Publications Byzantine Series Cambridge. pp. 90, 141. 5177:"Imaginea vlahilor la cronicarii Cruciadei a IV-a. Până unde răzbate ecoul discuțiilor intelectuale de la Constantinopol?" 4962:

David Jacoby, Byzantium, Latin Romania and the Mediterranean, St Edmundsbury Press, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, 1984, p. 522

4831:

A. Decei, V. Ciocîltan, "La mention des Roumains (Walah) chez Al-Maqdisi", in Romano-arabica I, Bucharest, 1974, pp. 49–54

4067: 3989: 2917: 2812: 1409:

and Androneia. In the same work she also describes the Vlachs as "the nomadic tribes, called Vlachs in popular parlance".

500: 6084:". Povijesni Prilozi (in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb: Croatian History Institute. 14 (14): 27-31 (Serbian), 31-33 (Crusades). 2487: 1025:. On the peninsula, the Vlachs were famous for their cheese and meat products. In these texts sometimes they are called " 958:

mentions that 300 Vlach families live near the mountain, and in their own language they call their settlements "Catuns".

827:, other than denoting people of Vlachian ethnicity or origin, is synonymously and even more prominently used to describe 6960: 5760: 5535: 3625: 2997:

and many other things, from which it appears that the Latins, who remained there as settlers, used the Latin language."

2875: 2868: 2212: 735: 6881:(in Hungarian). Szeged: University of Szeged, Magyar Medievisztikai Kutatócsoport (Hungarian Medieval Research Group). 5093: 3583:. Because of this, our knowledge concerning primary migrations of the Vlachs and the ethnogenesis is more than modest. 2184:

donates the royal lands or villages of Budula and Tohou, also known as Olahteleky, to Simon's son, Nicholas of Brașov.

734:, the word also acquired a socio-economic component, being used as an internal name for the pastoral population in the 352:

took on the meaning 'foreigner' or 'Romance-speaker' and later "shepherd', 'nomad'. The term was adopted into Greek as

8005: 7700:

Ilie Gherghel, Câteva consideraţiuni la cuprinsul noţiunii cuvântului "Vlach". Bucuresti: Convorbiri Literare, (1920).

6679: 6412: 6386: 6360: 6334: 6308: 6260: 4093: 3620: 1758: 6551:"The Mongol domination and the detachment of the Romanians of Wallachia from the domination of the Hungarian Kingdom" 2651: 6140:. Columbia University Press, (The Hungarian original by Institute of History Of The Hungarian Academy of Sciences). 5628: 5212:

Historical Aspects Regarding the Megleno-Romanian Groups in Greece, the FY Republic of Macedonia, Turkey and Romania

6443:"IUS VALACHICUM – The Valachian Way of Life in Stories About Domestic Origins in the Hungarian Medieval Chronicles" 4170: 3736: 2599: 2461:

Stefan Milutin, in another medieval Serbian document, mentions that 30 Vlach families live on a church estate near

1481: 1205: 8028: 5211: 4461:

Studii şi cercetări. Actele Simpozionului "Banat – istorie şi multiculturalitate". Zrenianin – 2012, Reşiţa – 2013

1302: 555:. But testimonies from the 13th and the 14th centuries show that, although in Europe and beyond, they were called 4597: 3635: 2891: 2335: 1746: 1715: 1176: 967: 856: 739: 719: 552: 217:

for the social category of shepherds, and was also used for non-Romance-speaking peoples, in recent times in the

178: 155: 7750:

SLA 218. Ukrainian Literature and Culture. Excerpts from The Rus' Primary Chronicle (Povest vremennykh let, PVL)

1863:

states that some exaggerations and inaccuracies, typical of a chronicle at the time and mostly in favour of the

7991: 7797:

Victor A. Friedman, "The Vlah Minority in Macedonia: Language, Identity, Dialectology, and Standardization" in

3161: 1989: 1970: 1921: 1658: 839:

and the inhabitants as Valaši, names usually translated in English as Wallachia and Wallachians, respectively.

797:

Croatian inhabitants to refer to the Istro-Romanians and the Slavs who settled in the 15th and 16th centuries.

42: 6550: 3034:(Slavic) population from the Danube settlements, and then they themselves settled in the fertile lands there. 2742: 1435:

for a Romance-speaking population. In his work he mentions that these Vlachs live high up in the mountains of

46: 7838:

The Forgotten Minorities of Eastern Europe: The History and Today of Selected Ethnic Groups in Five Countries

5145:"Gyóni Mátyás: A legrégibb vélemény a román nép eredetéről. Kekaumenos művei, mint a román történet forrásai" 4888:

Egils saga einhenda ok Ásmundar berserkjabana, in Drei lygisogur, ed. Å. Lagerholm (Halle/Saale, 1927), p. 29

4041: 1253:. Melissenos recruited, among others, Bulgarians and "the nomadic tribes called Vlachs in popular parlance". 7937: 6638:

D. CĂPRĂROIU, ON THE BEGINNINGS OF THE TOWN OF CÂMPULUNG, ″Historia Urbana″, t. XVI, nr. 1-2/2008, pp. 37-64

3135: 2358: 2308: 2181: 2053:, in his writing about the conquests of Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Asen, notes that the "Magna Vlachia" is next to 2050: 1948: 1832: 1485: 1473: 1209: 886: 852: 551:

The term 'Vlach' first appeared in medieval sources and was generally used as an exonym for speakers of the

31: 7780:

A. Koukoudis, Oi mitropoleis kai i diaspora ton Vlachon , publ. University Studio Press, Thessaloniki 1999.

4971:

Alan Harvey, Economic Expansion in the Byzantine Empire, 900-1200, Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 172

3037:

An attested reference to Romanian comes from a Latin title of an oath made in 1485 by the Moldavian Prince

8058: 6872: 5830:

The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth century

4903:

The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century

3949:

Romanians and Hungarians from the 9th to the 14th Century. The Genesis of the Transylvanian Medieval State

3587: 3288: 3092: 2940: 2472:, a priest gave land to the church, and the given land extended to the land of Kneže, where Vlachs lived. 2166: 2111: 1588: 1443: 1196:

live now. They feigned loyalty to the Romans while they were constantly attacked and pillaged, therefore,

38: 4793:

G. Murnu, Când si unde se ivesc românii întâia dată în istorie, în "Convorbiri Literare", XXX, pp. 97-112

2276:

who were confused with the Vlachs. According to Polish historian Ryszard Grzesik, the Vlachs appeared in

7756:. Toronto: Electronic Library of Ukrainian Literature, University of Toronto. p. 16. Archived from 2786: 2405: 2391: 2380: 2236:) in the border mountains, mingling with them, and adopting their alphabet. After the withdrawal of the 2158: 1940: 1765: 1735: 1379: 1246: 1129: 909:

During the Middle Ages, the term "Magna Vlachia" appears in Byzantine documents. This name was used for

752: 673: 7813: 6042: 4118: 3965:

Culture and Power at the Edges of the State: National Support and Subversion in European Border Regions

2833: 2821:

complained that the Vlachs living in its territory are not willing to give up their nomadic lifestyle.

2170: 2143: 2136: 2083: 2076: 2064: 2003: 1993: 1287: 1231:

Alexius Komnenos mentions that in 1082 he passed through a Vlach settlement called Exeva in Macedonia.

1689:

documents from the very end of the 12th century speak of Vlach shepherds in the mountains between the

58: 3078: 3042: 2979: 2716: 2680: 2647: 2535: 2297: 2282: 2118: 2091: 2024: 2016: 1932: 1872: 1307: 760: 7713:

A.Hâciu, Aromânii, Comerţ. Industrie. Arte. Expasiune. Civiliytie, tip. Cartea Putnei, Focşani 1936.

7117:"Seasonal pastoral exploitation of forests in the area of Subcarpathia in the 15th and 16th century" 6876: 5328: 3571:". The transhumance of Vlachs, the heirs of Roman citizens, may be a key for solving the problem of 1088:

In 1022, Vlach shepherds from Thessaly and the Pindus mountains provided cheese for Constantinople.

873: 2936: 2837: 2829: 2735: 2585: 2240:, the only people left in Pannonia were immigrants, Slavs, Greeks, Germans, Moravians, and Vlachs ( 2030:

The Orthodox Vlachs spread further northward along the Carpathians to the present day territory of

1750: 1718: 1705: 1515: 939: 210: 7434:

Ad Alphonsum Aragonensem serenissimum regem de expeditione in Turchos Blondus Flavius Forliviensis

4452: 3168:

in the north, Moldova in the south and the Bolohoveni lands in the east were conquered by Galicia.

1864: 700: 7478:

Romanische Sprachgeschichte: Ein internationales Handbuch zur Geschichte der romanischen Sprachen

7476:. In Ernst, Gerhard; Gleßgen, Martin-Dietrich; Schmitt, Christian; Schweickard, Wolfgang (eds.). 7307: 6754:"In the Name of the Morlachs. The Memory of an Identity Along Centuries: Some working Hypotheses" 5803: 5591: 4723: 4572: 3615: 3391: 3338: 3252: 3238: 2982: 2921: 2801: 2800:

complains that he has only 9 Vlach villages, and asks for permission "to invite more Vlachs into

2771: 2720: 2676: 2655: 2633: 2550: 2327:, but after the victorious battle, the Vlachs refused to go home and settled in the territory of 2196: 1647: 1428: 1424: 1242: 1115: 988: 848: 836: 756: 454: 398: 292: 222: 4144: 2516: 1611: 919:

mentioned the Vlachs in 976, as guides and guards of Byzantine caravans in the Balkans. Between

7863:

Les Aroumains, un peuple qui s'en va (Paris, 2005); Cincari, narod koji nestaje (Beograd, 2010)

7855:

Th Capidan, Aromânii, Dialectul Aromân, ed2 Εditură Fundaţiei Culturale Aromâne, București 2005

7783:

A. Keramopoulos, Ti einai oi koutsovlachoi , publ 2 University Studio Press, Thessaloniki 2000.

7757: 6875:[The list of papal tithes from 1332–1337 and the number of Romanians in Transylvania]. 3887:"Decadence, Rome and Romania, the Emperors Who Weren't, and Other Reflections on Roman History" 7968: 7912: 7902: 7873: 7842: 7836: 7825: 7663: 7540: 7481: 7473: 7436:

in: Mirko Tavoni, Latino, grammatica, volgare: storia di una questione umanistica, 1984, p. 58

7418:

in: Mirko Tavoni, Latino, grammatica, volgare: storia di una questione umanistica, 1984, p. 58

7390: 7293: 7259: 6882: 6851: 6790: 6578:] (in Hungarian). Kolozsvár: Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület (Transylvanian Museum Association). 6530: 6469: 6141: 5997: 5968: 5940: 5867: 5720: 5691: 5611: 5577: 5466: 5352: 5342: 5307: 5282: 5265:

C. A. Macartney, The Habsburg Empire: 1790–1918, Faber & Faber, 4 sept. 2014, paragraf.185

5023: 4931: 4906: 4812: 4634: 4607: 4433: 4423: 4309: 4269: 4201: 3969: 3963: 3920: 3865: 3759: 3600: 3580: 3442:

Théodore Valerio, Paysans valaques des environs de Lugos. Vlach/Romanian peasants from around

3370:, new state borders were developed that divided the summer and winter habitats of many of the 3303: 3148: 3038: 3012:

confirmed the liberties of the Vlachs in an open letter, issued March 31, 1474 in the town of

3009: 2793: 2724: 2455: 2417: 2162: 2087: 2011: 1924:

writes in his critical and analytical guide of Anonymus that all Romanian historians refer to

1777: 1754: 1562: 1519: 1492: 1451: 1447: 1319: 1311: 928: 743: 367: 206: 63: 7522:"The Slavonian Census of 1698. Part I: Structure and Meaning, European Journal of Population" 5237: 5235: 4293: 3914: 3753: 2411:

In November 1293, King Andrew confirms King Ladislaus's earlier concession to the chapter of

1132:, nephew of the homonymous 10th century military commander, and father in law of the writer. 695:". In late Byzantine documents, the Vlachs are sometimes mentioned as Bulgaro-Albano-Vlachs ( 6442: 5996:. Vol. East European Monographs. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 71, 85. 5795: 5687: 4650: 4564: 4521: 3576: 3387: 3350: 3309: 3293: 3140: 2957: 2857: 2708: 2520: 2428: 2207: 2192: 1944: 1912: 1887: 1877: 1816: 1800: 1728: 1592: 1577: 1523: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1163: 1103: 1092: 1036:

In 1013, a Byzantine document mentions the settlement of "Kimbalongu" in the mountains near

898: 731: 418: 376: 163: 159: 115: 89: 3329: 3048:

Haec Inscriptio ex Valachico in Latinam versa est sed Rex Ruthenica Lingua scriptam accepta

8032: 7961: 7703: 7594:

Map of Yugoslavia, file East, sq. B/f, Istituto Geografico de Agostini, Novara, in :

5899:

Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History

5780: 5683:

The Asanids: the political and military history of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1280)

3418: 3395: 3185: 3176: 3096: 3087: 2775: 2764: 2712: 2387:

noble families the right to invite Vlachs into the country "from South of the mountains".

2060: 1907: 1639: 1225: 1140: 1062: 820: 727: 422: 338: 230: 194: 7787:

Birgül Demirtaş-Coşkun; Ankara University. Center for Eurasian Strategic Studies (2001).

6576:

The role of Székelys in border defense during the Middle Ages and the age of Principality

4716:

Eroberer und Eingesessene. Geographische Lehnnamen Sùdosteuropas im 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr

4391: 3916:

Entangled Histories of the Balkans: Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies

2592: 2581: 2571: 934: 866: 816:) is also used to refer to Romanian speakers, especially those living in eastern Serbia. 17: 8055: – a short Czech film from 1955 depicting life of Vlachs in Czech Moravia 7725: 7521: 5712: 5244:. Demetrius Dvoichenko-Markov Byzantion Vol. 49 (1979), pp. 175-187, Peeters Publishers. 4603:

The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century

3816:

qui illo tempore Romani vocabantur, modo vero Moroulachi, hoc est Nigri Latini vocantur.

2943:, and juzi from Croatia vow to respect the property right of the local St. John church. 7858: 5990:"Ethnos and Mythos in the History of Transylvania: the case of the chronicler Anonymus" 5537:

A románok eredetéről, Magna Vlachiától Ungrovlachiáig. A Kárpát -régió magyar földrajza

5300:"Ethnos and Mythos in the History of Transylvania: the case of the chronicler Anonymus" 4265:

A Concise Historical Grammar of the Albanian Language: Reconstruction of Proto-Albanian

3463: 3406: 3367: 3354: 3342: 3019: 2947: 2886: 2808: 2757: 2451: 2316: 2216:

mentions the Vlachs in his work three times: After the land had been conquered by King

2039: 1860: 1848: 1619: 1539: 1213: 1066: 980: 916: 832: 748: 524: 334: 326: 310: 7697:("History of the Romanians of the Pindus, Greater Vlachia, 980–1259"), Bucharest, 1913 6962:

A románok eredetéről, Magna Vlachiától Ungrovlachiáig. A Kárpát-régió magyar földrajza

5762:

A románok eredetéről, Magna Vlachiától Ungrovlachiáig. A Kárpát-régió magyar földrajza

4455:[Vlachs from the Island Krk in the Primary Historical and Literature Sources] 2905:, who lived in Ostravica, whose castle has even been taken by them. The leader of the 2497:

Goods sold by the Vlachs are mentioned in after 1328 by Ragusan documents, among them

2228:) were elected to remain in Pannonia who had been their shepherds and husbandmen. The 1661:, most probably 1198–1199, and it is related to a donation act towards restoration of 8067: 7945:

Memory, Identity, Typology: An Interdisciplinary Reconstruction of Vlach Ethnohistory

7636:

Silviu Dragomir: "Vlahii din nordul peninsulei Balcanice în evul mediu"; 1959, p. 172

7356: 7199: 5807: 4576: 4222: 3410: 3013: 3001: 2731: 2643:

Szeri Pósa invited Vlachs to Hungary, to populate the area around the Mutnok stream.

2320: 1694: 1657:

The first mention of Vlachs in Serbian medieval chronicles is dated from the time of

1600: 1546:

brothers' court was given military command by Emperor Isaac and expanded his rule to

1462: 1458: 1283: 1001:, "They say that in the Turkic neighbourhood there are the Khazars, Russians, Slavs, 893:. For proponents of this theory, Eastern Romance languages prove the survival of the 7743:(First edition published in 1930. The first 50 pages are a scholarly introduction.) 3731: 3521:

Vlach women in traditional dress, North Macedonia/Greece, Van Den Brule Alfred, 1907

2492:

etiam vicinorum populorum, videlicet Ruthenorum, Walachorum et Lithwanorum stipatusc

7950: 7690: 7416:

Historia convivalis, utrum priscis Romanis latina lingua omnibus communis fuerit...

4642: 3572: 3506: 3383: 3371: 2670: 2629: 2598:

Morlachs are first recorded in 1344, during the struggle between the counts of the

2554: 2384: 2289: 2277: 1868: 1856: 1679: 1543: 1398: 1234: 998: 894: 878: 613: 7329:"Esad Kurtović, Konj u srednjovjekovnoj Bosni, Filozofski fakultet, Sarajevo 2014" 5519:

Octavian Ciobanu: The Role of the Vlachs in the Bogomils’ Expansion in the Balkans

5507:

Octavian Ciobanu: The Role of the Vlachs in the Bogomils’ Expansion in the Balkans

5144: 4664: 3864:. Dept. of Slavonic and Baltic Languages and Literatures, University of Helsinki. 3802: 2782: 2659: 2617:

A letter from 1345 from Pope Clement VI to the Hungarian king Louis I, the phrase

2373: 2328: 2129: 1892: 1875:

regime, and Romanian archaeologists made every possible attempt to prove that the

1306:

Map of Central-Southern Europe during the late Middle Ages/early Modern period by

714: 73: 7788: 7609: 6524: 6018: 5681: 5496:(in Hungarian) (I. ed.). Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia . p. 274. 5440:"Aging levee. On the 25th anniversary of Gottfried Schramm's Ein Damm Bricht" 4601: 4263: 3945:

Românii şi maghiarii în secolele IX–XIV. Geneza statului medieval în Transilvania

3859: 3674:"On the Significance of Certain Names: Romanian/Wallachian and Romania/Wallachia" 6948:(in Hungarian) (IV. ed.). Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia. p. 79. 3837:

Inheritance versus lexical borrowing: a case with decisive sound-change evidence

3108: 2545:

in the Kingdom of Hungary, one settlement mentioned in the source as Romanian: "

2293: 2229: 2099: 2000: 1809: 1551: 1276: 1221: 955: 771:

by the inhabitants of the Dalmatian coast and islands. In these areas, the term

147: 7559:

A. Boldur, Istoria Basarabiei, Editura Victor Frunza, Bucuresti 1992, pp 98-106

7276:

State and Society in the Balkans Before and After Establishment of Ottoman Rule

6843: 6830:

State and Society in the Balkans Before and After Establishment of Ottoman Rule

5412: 3836: 2856:

In 1385, the King of Hungary settles 10 Vlachs villages on the royal estate of

2741:

counties in the Kingdom of Hungary, and he was also invested with the title of

1085:

was founded, which was responsible for "the spiritual care of all the Vlachs".

691:

In historical sources the term "Vlach" could also refer to different peoples: "

8050: 7687:

G. Weigand, Die Aromunen, Bd.Α΄-B΄, J. A. Barth (A.Meiner), Leipzig 1895–1894.

6133: 5859: 4641:, chap. II, "Historical landmarks", p. 50 (English text), the survival of the 4437: 4247:

H. C. Darby (1957). "The face of Europe on the eve of the great discoveries".

4119:"Italians in Malá Strana / English – Open House Praha : Open House Praha" 3031: 2990: 2968: 2603: 2412: 2395: 2365: 2350:. The same emperor, in 1289, confirms the rights of St. Andrew Monastery from 2343: 1974: 1952: 1824: 1805: 1576:

According to Niketas Choniates, the Vlachs are the barbarians who live in the

1417: 1371: 1355: 1272: 1167: 1148: 1144: 1121: 1030: 1018: 962: 764: 507:

Other forms which were recognised by linguists to designate the "Vlachs" are:

202: 151: 7916: 7645:

Marian Wenzel, "Bosnian and Herzegovinian Tombstobes—Who Made Them and Why?"

6886: 5749:

Florin Curta: Imaginea vlahilor la cronicarii cruciadei a IV-a, page 29, 2015

5740:

Florin Curta: Imaginea vlahilor la cronicarii cruciadei a IV-a, page 27, 2015

5724: 5482:

Florin Curta: Imaginea vlahilor la cronicarii cruciadei a IV-a, page 40, 2015

5356: 5165:

Florin Curta: Imaginea vlahilor la cronicarii cruciadei a IV-a, page 39, 2015

5075:

Florin Curta: Imaginea vlahilor la cronicarii cruciadei a IV-a, page 37, 2015

2993:

which still retains much of the Latin vocabulary, and that its members say: "

1982: 1804:("The deeds of the Hungarians"), written in the early 13th century, when the 763:

was repopulated by Slavic settlers, both Orthodox and Catholic, speaking the

7888: 7718:

Romanus şi valachus sau Ce este romanus, roman, român, aromân, valah şi vlah

7506: 6490: 5713:"Ideas of federation and personal union with regard to Bulgaria and Romania" 4552: 3630: 3220: 3207: 3073: 2954:, as part of the local population subject to mayor of Busk legal authority. 2951: 2913: 2625: 2369: 2244:) who had been servants of Attila. Hungarian historians point out that the ( 2151: 2072: 2043: 1960: 1936: 1881:

is a reliable source for the Romanian presence in Transylvania prior to the

1387: 1250: 1201: 1054: 1037: 984: 972: 794: 174: 7674:

Octavian Ciobanu: Cultural appropriation of the Vlachs' heritage in Balkans

5558:. Translated by Harry J. Magoulias. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. 5306:. Vol. East European Monographs. New York: Columbia University Press. 4417: 3414: 2624:

In 1349, another Hungarian royal charter mentions the Vlachs, allowing the

2526:

Croatian chronicler Miha de Barbazanis writes that Vlachs from the area of

2103: 1999:

A royal chancellery document from 1223, connected to the foundation of the

7537:

Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365

6526:

Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365

5799: 2549:". This Romanian place-name is the first recorded Romanian toponym in the 2121:

is excepted, while the voivodate of Seneslaus the king keeps for himself.

1488:, also known in its early history as the Empire of Bulgarians and Vlachs. 221:

derogatively. The term is also used to refer to the ethnographic group of

8045:

Consiliul A Tinirlor Armanj, Youth Aromanian community and their Projects

7777:Τ. Winnifrith, The Vlachs. The History of a Balkan People, Duckworth 1987 7733:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America. p. 325 7227:"Northern Extent of Settlements on the Wallachian Law in Medieval Poland" 5939:(Urbańczyk, Przemysław ed.). Warsaw: Wydawn. DiG. pp. 141–165. 3605: 3333: 3280: 3228: 3193: 3165: 3157: 3112: 3103: 2906: 2902: 2663: 2575: 2462: 2437: 2433: 2351: 2221: 2125: 2035: 1662: 1651: 1436: 1136: 1125: 1045: 976: 924: 910: 828: 768: 441:

has also been used to designate Italians. The same name is still used in

414: 349: 226: 225:

who speak a Slavic language but originate from Romanians, as well as for

186: 2723:

the confiscated domains of his opponent. Later, Balc became the head of

8025: 8010: 8000: 6983: 6933:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia. pp. 287–298. 6726: 6184:"Traces of Vlach Migrations in the Toponymy of Polish Podtatrze Region" 4419:

Multiethnic regionalisms in Southeastern Europe: statehood alternatives

3886: 3697: 3486: 3379: 3375: 3256: 3242: 3215: 3203: 2753: 2565: 2362: 2114: 2054: 1666: 1566: 1547: 1535: 1531: 1406: 1402: 1383: 1375: 1343: 1264: 1238: 1181: 1152: 992: 890: 592: 322: 218: 214: 182: 7200:"Enacted "Jus Valachicum" in South Transylvania (14th-18th Centuries)" 6873:"Az 1332-1337. évi pápai tizedjegyzék és az erdélyi románság létszáma" 6249:]. Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Române. pp. 329–333. 703:, the name "Vlach" in medieval sources had the same rank as the name " 699:), or Serbo-Albano-Bulgaro-Vlachs. According to the Serbian historian 537:

Rumer, Tzintzars, Morlachs, Maurovlachs, Armâns, Cincars, Koutzovlachs

7955:

a photo-essay on the Valchs published by GEO magazine (France), 2010.

6571:

A székelység szerepe a középkori és fejedelemség kori határvédelemben

6506: 6504: 6502: 5781:"The Gesta Hungarorum of Anonymus, the Anonymous Notary of King Béla" 4646: 4568: 3554: 3422: 3269: 3260: 3246: 3211: 3180: 3082: 2986: 2972: 2825: 2818: 2797: 2701: 2697: 2611: 2527: 2509: 2480: 2394:

presides over a meeting of "Nobles, Saxons, Szeklers, and Vlachs" in

2347: 2339: 2324: 2273: 2217: 2068: 2031: 1956: 1852: 1844: 1643: 1607: 1581: 1570: 1555: 1527: 1508: 1391: 1367: 1335: 1257: 1197: 1185: 1171: 1107: 1096: 920: 790: 704: 442: 318: 306: 297: 242: 198: 190: 167: 143: 8020: 7710:("Aromanians, Aromanian dialect, Linguistic Study"), Bucharest, 1932 7447: 7328: 7226: 7172: 7142: 7072: 6753: 6613: 6183: 6081: 6055: 5989: 5386: 5299: 5176: 4688:

The Medieval Hungarian Historians: A Critical & Analytical Guide

4372: 1350:. According to the chronicle the Slavs settled there first, and the 1291: 693:

Slovak, Hungarian, Balkan, Transylvanian, Romanian, or even Albanian

535:

appear, respectively. In the Balkan Peninsula various names such as

7383:

Originea medievală a focarelor de conflict din peninsula Balcanică]

6783:

Originea medievală a focarelor de conflict din peninsula Balcanică]

6569: 5848:; Rásonyi, László (1979), Bulaqs and Oguzs in Medieval Transylvania 5016:

Originea medievală a focarelor de conflict din peninsula Balcanică]

4805:

Originea medievală a focarelor de conflict din peninsula Balcanică]

4463:(in Croatian). Novi Sad, Zrenjanin: Editura Fundaţiei. p. 348. 4345: 4333:. Belgrade: Helsinški odbor za ljudska prava u Srbiji. p. 309. 2832:

from settle further "foreigners" to the border areas of Bónafalva,

2523:

monastery the Vlach pastures and katuns along Drim and Lim rivers.

2191:

In a grant (around 1280) Queen Helena confirmed the grant given by

1102:

The same chronicle the Annales Barenses describes that in 1027 the

7480:(in German). Vol. 1. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 738. 6020:

The medieval Hungarian historians: a critical and analytical guide

5932: 4626:

According to Cornelia Bodea, Ştefan Pascu, Liviu Constantinescu: "

4042:"Nyelvek, többnyelvűség, nyelvhasználati szabályok | Európai Unió" 3538: 3459: 3443: 3316: 2898: 2885: 2690: 2427: 1964: 1917: 1896: 1820: 1690: 1686: 1615: 1596: 1468: 1467: 1420:

and that the presence of women disturbed the monachal activities.

1331: 1301: 1193: 1156: 1111: 1082: 1033:" a Slavic tribe who settled in the same area in the 7th century. 1006: 860: 708: 410: 288: 37:"Vlach", "Wallach", and "Oláh" redirect here. For other uses, see 7573:

Since Theophanes Confessor and Kedrenos, in : A.D. Xenopol,

7103:

Documenta Romaniae Historica, vol. XIII, Transilvania (1366-1370)

5911:

Magyar historiográfia I.: Történetírás a középkori Magyarországon

5826:

Magyar historiográfia I.: Történetírás a középkori Magyarországon

4928:

The Origin of Rus': Old Scandinavian Sources Other than the Sagas

4399:

Facta Universitatis. Series: Philosophy, Sociology and Psychology

6464:

Simon, of Kéza (1999). Veszprémy, László; Schaer, Frank (eds.).

5649:

A román nemzetiségi törekvések története és jelenlegi állapota 1

3306:, an older name for the region of Muntenia, southeastern Romania 3224: 3027: 2971:, allowing the Vlachs to enter the town if they call themselves 2929: 2864: 2847: 2749: 2639:

A Hungarian charter of 1352 states that, the lord lieutenant of

2607: 2312: 2237: 1978: 1906:

or not is disputed among historians. British-Romanian historian

1843:

are the Vlachs, some Hungarian scholars claim that they are the

1534:. A similar event is recorded by the same author in the area of 1189: 1065:, however, point out that the texts probably refer to a nomadic 7387:

The Medieval Origin of Conflict Centers in the Balkan Peninsula

6787:

The Medieval Origin of Conflict Centers in the Balkan Peninsula

6297:. Florida, Astor: The Danubian Research Centre. pp. 15–19. 5967:(in Romanian). Cetatea de Scaun. pp. 42, 43, 78, 150–151. 5183:(in Romanian). București/Suceava: Romanian Academy. p. 38. 5020:

The Medieval Origin of Conflict Centers in the Balkan Peninsula

4809:

The Medieval Origin of Conflict Centers in the Balkan Peninsula

4553:"Contested Landscape: Moravian Wallachia and Moravian Slovakia" 3312:, an older name for the region of Oltenia, southwestern Romania 1711:

imperator Caloihannes dominus omnium Bulgarorum atque Blachorum

889:, the ancestors of modern Vlachs and Romanians originated from 5242:

The Russian Primary Chronicle and the Vlachs of Eastern Europe

2469: 1631:, the authenticity of which is highly disputed by historians, 1286:

were attacked by Vlachs, in the mountains along the road from

8001:

The Vlach Connection and Further Reflections on Roman History

7747:

Cross, Samuel Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P. (2013) .

5629:

Octavian Ciobanu : The heritage of Western Balkan Vlachs

5119: 5117: 5115: 3296:, a former county of southern Wallachia (derived from Slavic 2924:

was recorded on 9 August 1428, where Vlachs transported 1500

177:, the term "Vlach" today refers primarily to speakers of the 101: 7724:

Cross, Samuel Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P. (1953).

4998:

A felhasználhatatlan Bizánci forrás a Román nép történetéhez

4068:"Olaszország – Az uniós tagország bemutatása | Európai Unió" 3421:

between 12th and 16th century, could be attributed to Vlach

3277:, a region in southwestern part of Croatia mentioned in 1373 3068:

by the Slavs. States mentioned in medieval chronicles were:

1526:

who established an autonomous polity in the upper region of

931:. The Vlachs killed David in their first documented battle. 7357:"Kolonizacja wołoska na obszarach Wołynia w XV i XVI wieku" 4878:(in Hungarian). Magyar Tudományos Akadémia. pp. 60–71. 3990:"Włochy – profil kraju członkowskiego UE | Unia Europejska" 3810:. Split: Muzej hrvatski arheoloških spomenika. p. 66 ( 2843:

In 1376 the ban of Knin is also called "comes Holachorum".

2490:

attacks Brandenburg with neighboring Vlach reinforcements "

2288:

Several sources cite that the passes of the Carpathians in

1569:

and Acarnata are called "Little Vlachia" and north-eastern

1405:, mentions a Vlach settlement called Ezeba, which was near 672:, 'vlach'. Megleno-Romanians designate themselves with the 104: 5194: 5192: 5190: 2901:

saved 3000 ducats to organise an army against the looting

2669:

In 1358, a Hungarian royal chronicler named Márk mentions

2124:

In 1247, a Hungarian royal document allowed the nobles of

2117:

which was left to the Vlachs as they held it. The land of

1992:

proclaimed that all Vlachs of his kingdom belonged to the

1920:

and the Vlachs simply cannot be proven. British historian

1714:("Emperor Kaloyan, Lord of All Bulgarians and Vlachs") by 7290:

The Morlachs of Dalmatia during the 15th and 16th century

6228:

Separating Myths and Facts In the History of Transylvania

6062:(in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb: Croatian History Institute. 2763:

In June 1366 King Louis I of Hungary grants through the

2432:

Fra Mauro's map, sector XXIX, showing Vlachia Piccola in

2368:

and his people across the Carpathians, where they formed

2361:

was assassinated; the new Hungarian king allegedly drove

2323:. Constantinople sent an army of Vlachs from what is now 1095:

mentions a people called "Vlach" who live near the river

409:, etc. The root word was notably adopted in Germanic for 287:, etc.) is etymologically derived from the ethnonym of a 127: 8038: 5736: 5734: 5000:(in Hungarian). Magyar Tudományos Akadémia. p. 514. 4453:"Vlasi i krčki Vlasi u literaturi i povijesnim izvorima" 4016:"Dlaczego mówimy "Włochy", a nie "Italia"? – Nasz Swiat" 3858:

Juhani Nuorluoto; Martti Leiwo; Jussi Halla-aho (2001).

2075:). In one of his letters he mentions the Vlachs, asking 1891:

during the excavation of the early medieval hillfort at

1606:

A Byzantine church document mentions that in 1190, "the

1174:

in connection about their origin and way of life in the

8044: 7662:

p. 14; BALCANICA POSNANIENSIA XXII/1 IUS VALACHICUM I,

5330:

Régmúlt idők elbeszélése - A Kijevi Rusz első krónikája

5071: 5069: 4606:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 10. 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 2071:

who lived in the southern part of present-day Romania (

1859:, who arrived only centuries later. Romanian historian 1749:

mentions twelve times the Vlachs part of the armies of

1204:

was also killed, and then the Vlachs were scattered in

1180:

in 1075–1078. According to Kekaumenos, the Vlachs were

7503:

Istoria cărții românești de la începuturi până la 1918

7105:, Editura Academiei Române, Bucharest 1994, p. 161-162 5253: 5009: 5007: 4200:. Ljubljana: Modrijan Založba ZRC. pp. 106, 227. 3366:

As national states appeared in the area of the former

2595:, mentions that, Dobrodoliane is inhabited by Vlachs. 7799:

Selected Papers in Slavic, Balkan, and Balkan Studies

7448:"Census Valachorum in mid 16th century Upper Hungary" 6082:

Balkanski Vlasi u svijetlu podataka Bizantskih autora

6056:

Balkanski Vlasi u svijetlu podataka Bizantskih autora

1147:

calls Vlachs "migrants from the northern parts", as

130: 7577:, Nicolae Iorga, Teodor Capidan, C. Giurescu : 6776: 6774: 6134:"Anonymus on the Hungarian Conquest of Transylvania" 5866:, vol. 1, New York: Columbia University Press, 5864:

History of Transylvania: From the Beginnings to 1606

5860:"Anonymus on the Hungarian Conquest of Transylvania" 3951:]. Center for Transylvanian Studies. p. 32. 3853: 3851: 3849: 2789:

was first documented in 1373 as a Vlach settlement.

2416:

confirmed by a double seal, is dated by the hand of

1839:) inhabited Pannonia. Most researchers say that the 1565:, Thessaly and Macedonia is called "Magna Vlachia", 1279:

by order of the Byzantine emperor Alexios Komnenos.

869:

between Latin- and Greek-language Roman inscriptions

124: 121: 98: 95: 7901:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Magyarságkutató Intézet. 6977: 6975: 6905:Az erdélyi Románok a középkori Magyar oklevelekben 5096:[Romanization of the Danube-Balkan region] 4308:. New York: New York University Press. p. 74. 4223:"Vlachs and Scandinavians in the Early Middle Ages" 3099:

or Wallachia Transalpina in administrative sources;

1837:

sclauij, Bulgarij et Blachij, ac pastores romanorum

1798:According to the medieval Hungarian chronicle, the 1788:(Slav). From there on the country will be known as 1029:", which may be a mixture of the name "Vlach" and " 667: 661: 173:Although it has also been used to name present-day 118: 92: 7596:Le Million, encyclopédie de tous les pays du monde 7031:, Edit. „George Barițiu”, Cluj-Napoca, 1997, p.473 6844:"The Cumanian Country and the Province of Severin" 6654:, Edit. „George Barițiu”, Cluj-Napoca, 1997, p.467 4490:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDemirtaş-Coşkun2001 ( 2719:, moves to the Kingdom of Hungary and is given by 2199:, the Vlachs are separately mentioned, along with 1675:History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick 1503:, but he angered the "barbarians who dwelt in the 1021:around 1000, according to monastic documents from 437:became an exonym for Italians. The Slovenian term 7812:, Helsinki: University of Helsinki. 2001. 26–50. 7171:Tanașoca, Anca; Tanașoca, Nicolae-Șerban (2004). 7141:Tanașoca, Anca; Tanașoca, Nicolae-Șerban (2004). 7071:Tanașoca, Anca; Tanașoca, Nicolae-Șerban (2004). 6612:Tanașoca, Anca; Tanașoca, Nicolae-Șerban (2004). 6076: 6074: 6072: 5385:Tanașoca, Anca; Tanașoca, Nicolae-Șerban (2004). 5153:Századok – A magyar történelmi társulat közlönye 3755:Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804 3541:(today in northern Greece), between 1900 and 1908 2946:Vlachs are mentioned in a document of Grand Duke 2756:, are rewarded for their military support by the 2704:that "the first Vlach inhabitants have arrived". 1465:says Vlachs were "colonists brought from Italy". 1124:writes about the revolt in 1066 in the region of 7994: – Maria Magiru about Aromanians 7695:Istoria românilor din Pind, Vlahia Mare 980–1259 7539:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 142–143. 6646: 6644: 6436: 6434: 5556:O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniates 4392:"Elements of Ethnic Identification of the Serbs" 2828:obliges his successors not to prevent the Vlach 2774:decreed that only those Vlach settlers who were 2632:, thus encouraging more Vlachs to settle in the 2354:over the village Praktikatous or Vlachokatouna. 2067:, in which he talks about the conversion of the 201:. These people include the ethnic groups of the 8021:French Vlachs Association (in Vlach, EN and FR) 7790:The Vlachs: a forgotten minority in the Balkans 7058:Magyarország világi archontológiája (1301-1457) 7045:. Budapest: Szent István Társulat. p. 729. 6984:"Obraz Wołochów w piśmiennictwie Jana Długosza" 6727:"Obraz Wołochów w piśmiennictwie Jana Długosza" 5842:Az Árpád-kori Magyarország Történeti Földrajza; 4783:(in Hungarian). Székely és Illés. pp. 4–7. 4485: 2967:In 1450, the Vlachs are granted a privilege in 2658:, crosses the mountains with other Vlachs from 2614:, when a region called "Morlacorum" mentioned. 643: 633: 627: 617: 8006:Orbis Latinus: Wallachians, Walloons, Welschen 7708:Aromânii, dialectul aromân. Studiul lingvistic 7569: 7567: 7565: 7166: 7164: 6907:(in Hungarian). Minerva Nyomda. pp. 7–15. 5062:(in Spanish). Translated by J. Signes Codoner. 4198:Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen 3938: 3936: 3758:. University of Washington Press. p. 39. 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3535:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization 1650:and the "land of the black Latins, now called 1480:The uprising of brothers Asen and Peter was a 1354:seized the territory of the Slavs; later, the 751:in the Balkans, there was a military class of 601: 595: 370: 7947:, B.A., University of British Columbia, 1992. 5958: 5956: 5794:(4). Modern Humanities Research Association. 4896: 4894: 3820:In some Croatian and Latin redactions of the 2874:In the 14th century, royal charters from the 2748:Vlachs from the domain of Vidčeselo, between 1727:("King of the Bulgarians and the Vlachs") by 1665:with aid from the inhabitants of the area of 1431:was one of the first writers to use the word 1271:In 1097, many Vlachs were resettled from the 1184:and Bessi, who lived near and south from the 1017:Vlachs were present in large numbers, on the 835:, the area of Moravian Wallachia is known as 8: 7895:Timely questions of the Romanian Middle Ages 7250: 7248: 6295:Documented Facts and Figures on Transylvania 6017:Macartney, Carlile Aylmer (2 January 1953). 3861:Papers in Slavic, Baltic, and Balkan studies 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3586:Researcher have also raised a concern about 3268:("the Old Vlach"), a region in southwestern 1268:such as Stan, Radu cel Şchiop, and Peducel. 1263:Also in 1094 the first mention of Vlachs in 1106:army led by Orestes that tried to recapture 531:. In English and in modern German the forms 361: 342: 7427: 7409: 7173:"Unitate romanică și diversitate balcanică" 7143:"Unitate romanică și diversitate balcanică" 7073:"Unitate romanică și diversitate balcanică" 6614:"Unitate romanică și diversitate balcanică" 5574:Magyar Térvesztés Román Térnyerés Erdélyben 5387:"Unitate romanică și diversitate balcanică" 5047:(in German). Translated by Hans Georg Beck. 4422:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 110. 4292:. p. 274–275; BALCANICA POSNANIENSIA xxVI, 3804:Hrvatska kronika u Ljetopisu pop Dukljanina 3579:and possibly over the entire region of the 3402:became a synonym for apprentice shepherds. 3046: 2346:, fearing their possible alliance with the 2266: 2258: 2250: 2132:to settle Vlach families on their estates. 1722: 1709: 1114:, also included many Vlachs recruited from 655: 649: 607: 27:Romance-speaking populations in the Balkans 8016:Cultural appropriation of Vlachs' heritage 7474:"Externe Sprachgeschichte des Rumänischen" 7312:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6982:Obara-Pawłowska, Anna (20 February 2018). 6725:Obara-Pawłowska, Anna (20 February 2018). 6712:Vlasi u starijoj hrvatskoj historiografiji 6529:, Cambridge University Press, p. 29, 5994:Historians and the History of Transylvania 5596:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5304:Historians and the History of Transylvania 4728:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4515: 4513: 3962:Thomas M. Wilson; Hastings Donnan (2005). 3024:Annales seu cronici incliti regni Poloniae 2696:Also in 1359, the village of Lakság "near 2292:were defended by the Vlachs together with 1587:In 1183 Hungarian documents mention, that 1450:, captured Andronicus and returned him to 1057:and believed by some to be related to the 718:Map depicting the current distribution of 7029:Istoria României. Transilvania, Volumul I 6652:Istoria României. Transilvania, Volumul I 6510: 6213:Szkenderbég, a történelmi és irodalmi hős 6117:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMakkai1994 ( 5616:Medieval Historical Sources East and West 5425: 5198: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5123: 4950: 3646:Vlachs in medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina 3425:of Bosnia and Herzegovina of that times. 3119:; Bogdan's Wallachia, Moldo-Wallachia or 1646:, then, attacking further south, ravaged 539:were used, while Muslim sources speak of 142:(and many other variants), is a term and 7614:. Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică. 6668:. Magyar Történelmi Társulat. p. 7. 6098:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCurta2006 ( 5822:Romanitatea românilor: Istoria unei idei 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 2700:", reports in a letter to the bishop of 2420:, provost of Fehérvár, vice-chancellor. 2307:According to the old Russian chronicle, 2042:, and were granted autonomy under the '' 881:paths of the Vlach shepherds in the past 872: 713: 494: 213:. The term also became a synonym in the 53: 7008: 7006: 7004: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6898: 6896: 6818:]. Cultura Națională. pp. 3–4. 6705: 6703: 6701: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6206: 6204: 6066:(14): 27-31 (Serbian), 31-33 (Crusades) 5022:]. Editura Corint. pp. 57–58. 3747: 3745: 3657: 3432: 951:could refer to Wallachians/Romanians. 7660:The Vlachs – several research problems 7520:Hammel, E. A. and Kenneth W. Wachter. 7305: 6812:Originea coloniilor române din Istria] 6592: 6590: 6588: 6447:Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia 6160: 6112: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5589: 5529: 5527: 5273: 5271: 5094:"A dunai-balkáni térség romanizációja" 4869: 4867: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4721: 4504: 4474:The Balkan Vlachs: Born to Assimilate? 3891:The Proceedings of the Friesian School 3785: 2458:to the church of St. Nikita in Bania. 947:". According to B. Dodge the ethnonym 6816:Origin of Romanian Colonies in Istria 6093: 4860:. Societatea Académica Moscopolitană. 4682: 4680: 4520:Horváth, Stanislav (9 October 2017). 3968:. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 122–. 3796: 3794: 3553:Vlachs returning to their village in 2912:The biggest caravan shipment between 2475:In a battle, Vlachs fought alongside 2319:because he feared an invasion by the 1370:, as their country is placed west to 897:in the lower Danube basin during the 7: 7611:From Ancient Dacia to Modern Romania 7608:Mircea Mușat; Ion Ardeleanu (1985). 7583:Studii și Materiale de Istorie Medie 6247:Documents Regarding Romanian History 6243:Documente privind istoria românilor] 5965:Expansiunea maghiară în Transilvania 5444:Historical Studies on Central Europe 4669:. London: Macmilan. pp. 22–40. 3382:) by following the Carpathians, the 2863:Vlachs are a documented presence in 1973:donates 200 families of Vlachs from 1780:conquers this land and awards it to 793:, the ethnonym Vlach is used by the 591:in Spanish), the Romanians used the 7822:The Vlachs: Metropolis and Diaspora 7575:Istoria Românilor din Dacia Traiană 7389:]. Editura Corint. p. 58. 6789:]. Editura Corint. p. 59. 6492:Kézai Simon mester Magyar Krónikája 5612:"Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja" 4811:]. Editura Corint. p. 52. 4526:Centrum pre tradičnú ľudovú kultúru 3322:("Wallachia on this side") in 1550. 2543:list of Papal Tithes from 1332–1337 2146:, upon the complaint of Archbishop 1442:Vlachs living by the border of the 1397:The Byzantine princess and scholar 681: 639: 623: 616:'. Also Aromanians use the endonym 511:found in Western medieval sources, 488:) it was replaced with the endonym 7890:A román középkor időszerű kérdései 7841:. East-West Books. pp. 203–. 7509:: Editura Științifică. p. 40. 5254:Cross & Sherbowitz-Wetzor 2013 4876:Hogyan csinálódik némely história? 4686:Macartney, Carlile Aylmer (1953). 3493:), Christian Geissler, before 1844 3378:) and the eastern Czech Republic ( 3139:, between the Carpathians and the 3091:in Romanian); Bassarab-Wallachia ( 2890:Map showing the migrations of the 2850:mention "universitas Valachorum". 2817:In 1374, the Cathedral chapter of 2628:voivode to send a Vlach priest to 2584:donates 320 Vlach families to the 1768:writes about the country he calls 1738:mentions the Vlachs as enemies of 1610:and the Vlachs take the relics of 1249:to raise an army against invading 25: 5788:Slavonic and East European Review 5335:The first chronicle of Kievan Rus 4628:România: Atlas Istorico-geografic 4451:Spicijarić Paškvan, Nina (2014). 3822:Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja 2336:Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos 2302:Second Mongol invasion of Hungary 1628:Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja 913:and present-day North Macedonia. 181:who live south of the Danube, in 5438:Curta, Florin (1 January 2022). 4532:from the original on 29 May 2023 4249:The New Cambridge Modern History 3641:Vlachs in the history of Croatia 3611:Romania in the Early Middle Ages 3546: 3537:against the Ottoman Empire from 3526: 3514: 3498: 3478: 3451: 3435: 3413:, theorized that the origins of 3045:, in which it is reported that " 2846:In 1381 Croatian documents from 2504:First mention of a Vlach called 2338:decides to move the Vlachs from 2272:were actually the Turkic people 2203:(Albanians), Latins, and Serbs. 1902:Whether archeology supports the 1522:who writes about a Vlach called 1507:mountains, who were once called 1040:, which was a Vlach settlement. 877:Hypothetical map projecting the 114: 88: 7327:Kurtović, Esad (January 2014). 6601:(in Hungarian). pp. 61–66. 6468:. Central European University. 5933:"Transylvania around A.D. 1000" 5820:E.g. Armbruster, Adolf (1972). 4371:Škegro, Ante (1 January 2004). 4221:Pintescu, Florin (April 2020). 3198:Small Wallachia (Μικρή Βλαχία, 2909:was a person called Sandallor. 2811:places this event close to the 2792:In a letter dates to 1374, the 2376:, as a Hungarian vassal state. 2357:According to a legend, in 1290 1482:revolt of Bulgarians and Vlachs 971:(1078), writes about a leader, 943:mentioning "Turks, Bulgars and 887:theory of Daco-Roman continuity 301:, which meant 'stranger', from 7355:Jawor, Grzegorz (April 2023). 6959:Timaru - Kast, Sándor (2019). 6752:Caciur, Dana (4 August 2023). 6293:Wass de Czege, Albert (1977). 5759:Timaru - Kast, Sándor (2019). 3567:According to Ilona Czamańska " 3417:tombstones, which appeared in 3145:Regnum Bulgarorum et Blachorum 2995:oculum, digitum, manum, panem, 2675:It is the richest part of the 2606:families, in the regions near 2383:, in a document, grants three 2232:were settled with the Vlachs ( 1753:, either as defenders against 1591:, in his campaign against the 1511:, but are now called Vlachs". 1200:launched a war, their leader, 780: 384: 1: 7870:Early Transylvania (895–1324) 7333:Filozofski Fakultet, Sarajevo 7274:Srđan Rudić, Selim Aslantaş: 7198:Cosma, Ela (September 2022). 7015:A Váradi Püspökség Története 6828:Srđan Rudić, Selim Aslantaş: 5840:E.g. Györffy, György (1963). 5779:Rady, Martyn (October 2009). 5279:Early Transylvania (895–1324) 4390:Gavrilović, Danijela (2003). 4377:Časopis za suvremenu povijest 4018:. 21 May 2022. Archived from 3919:. Brill. 2013. pp. 42–. 3533:Vlach revolutionaries in the 3467: 3315:An Italian writer called the 3233:Upper Wallachia (Άνω Βλαχία, 2871:, probably as early as 1388. 2813:Fourth Council of the Lateran 2441: 2372:along with its first capital 2063:wrote several letters to the 1632: 1324: 519:. French sources used mostly 7381:Madgearu, Alexandru (2001). 7017:(in Hungarian). p. 192. 6781:Madgearu, Alexandru (2001). 6549:Madgearu, Alexandru (2018). 5963:Madgearu, Alexandru (2019). 5711:Nyagulov, Blagovest (2012). 5680:Madgearu, Alexandru (2016). 5543:(in Hungarian). p. 334. 5228:. Magna Lingua. p. 212. 5226:Út a trianoni békeparancshoz 5181:Archeologia Moldovei XXXVIII 5014:Madgearu, Alexandru (2001). 4930:. Harvard University Press. 4803:Madgearu, Alexandru (2001). 3702:Dicționare ale limbii române 3626:Vlach (Ottoman social class) 2869:Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia 2778:could receive royal grants. 2213:Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum 2021:silva blacorum et bissenorum 1931:In 1213, an army of Vlachs, 1081:In 1020, the Archdiocese of 767:dialect and called Vlach or 660:are also the Albanian forms 457:for Italy, while in Slovak ( 255:(and other variants such as 7992:Romănii Balcanici Aromânii 7524:. University of California. 7446:Diaconescu, Marius (2015). 6466:The Deeds of the Hungarians 6226:Dr. Balogh, Sándor (2010). 6215:(in Hungarian). p. 79. 5937:Europe around the year 1000 5717:Bulgarian Historical Review 5554:Niketas, Choniates (1984). 4905:. Brill. pp. 106–107. 4856:Bujduveanu, Tănase (2002). 4781:Az Oláh erdei pásztornépről 4714:Schramm, Gottfried (1981). 4416:Stjepanović, Dejan (2018). 3621:Supplex Libellus Valachorum 3491:Vlachs that live in Croatia 2654:, but now in conflict with 1910:states the analysis of the 1724:Rex Bulgarorum et Blachorum 1573:is called "Upper Vlachia". 1378:by the author of the work, 1170:writes about the Vlachs in 927:, they met and fought with 72:("Wallachian Shepherd from 8095: 7887:Miskolczy, Ambrus (2021). 5885:Thoroczkay, Gábor (2009). 5456:A. Decei, op. cit., p. 25. 4699:Blagojević, Miloš (1997). 4251:. Vol. 1. p. 34. 3902:Note: The Vlach Connection 3405:Some researchers, such as 3251:Magna Vlachia in southern 2824:In 1374, Bishop László of 2568:estate, "from the south". 1542:, formerly a boyar at the 1476:, seat of Dobromir Chrysos 975:, who is given command by 937:published in 998 the work 846: 736:medieval Kingdom of Serbia 291:tribe, adopted into Proto- 240: 162:—south of the Danube (the 36: 29: 8079:Transhumant ethnic groups 7472:Dahmen, Wolfgang (2008). 7258:p. 130; Wiley-Blackwell, 6810:Dragomir, Silviu (1924). 6441:Grzesik, Ryszard (2016). 5988:Deletant, Dennis (1992). 5828:; Spinei, Victor (2009). 5298:Deletant, Dennis (1992). 4926:Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). 4551:Košťálová, Petra (2022). 3636:Vlachs in medieval Serbia 2962:Bosniae and Valachiae Rex 2532:Mladen II Šubić of Bribir 2468:In 1321 on the island of 2436:and Monte de Murlachi in 1747:Geoffrey of Villehardouin 954:A monastic document from 857:History of the Aromanians 688:) in their own language. 553:Eastern Romance languages 417:, and in Switzerland for 362: 330: 179:Eastern Romance languages 156:Eastern Romance languages 154:to designate speakers of 18:History of the term Vlach 7658:Ilona Czamańska; (2015) 7501:Tomescu, Mircea (1968). 7225:Jawor, Grzegorz (2016). 7115:Jawor, Grzegorz (2016). 6568:Sófalvi, András (2012). 5824:; Kristó, Gyula (2002). 4996:Olajos, Terézia (1988). 4858:Aromâni si Muntele Athos 4701:Lexikon des Mittelalters 4633:, Academia Română 1996, 4072:european-union.europa.eu 4046:european-union.europa.eu 3994:european-union.europa.eu 3943:Pop, Ioan-Aurel (1996). 3752:Sugar, Peter F. (1996). 3353:(Czech: Beskydy) of the 3172:Regions and places are: 2989:left a colony among the 2897:In 1412, the captain of 2860:in the area of Szilágy. 1990:Stefan the First-Crowned 1971:Stefan the First-Crowned 1922:Carlile Aylmer Macartney 1759:attackers of Adrianopole 1719:Basil I of Bulgaria 1589:King Béla III of Hungary 1497:Emperor Isaac II Angelos 720:Eastern Romance-speaking 503:, Bosnia and Herzegovina 70:Pâtre valaque de Zabalcz 43:Wallach (disambiguation) 8035:, by Asterios Koukoudis 7938:Oxford University Press 7820:Asterios I. Koukoudis, 7801:, ed. Juhani Nuoluoto, 7535:Vásáry, István (2005). 7292:. Poznań. p. 154. 7041:Dr. Karácsonyi, János. 6842:Makkai, László (2001). 6523:Vásáry, István (2005), 6513:, p. 127, 155–156. 6241:Roller, Mihail (1951). 6211:Lóránt, Ballai (1990). 6132:Makkai, László (2001). 5897:Róna-Tas, András (1999) 5572:Árpád, Kosztin (2003). 5534:Sándor, Timaru - Kast. 5060:Consilia et Narrationes 4901:Spinei, Victor (2009). 4666:Kosovo, a short history 4557:Revue des Études Slaves 4476:at culturalsurvival.org 4344:Kursar, Vjeran (2013). 4329:Ćirković, Sima (2020). 4306:Bosnia. A Short History 4304:Malcolm, Noel (1996) . 4262:Orel, Vladimir (2000). 3885:Kelley L. Ross (2003). 3737:Encyclopædia Britannica 3505:Romanian immigrants in 3136:Second Bulgarian Empire 2892:Eastern Romance peoples 2454:Serbian king donated 6 2309:Ladislaus IV of Hungary 2077:King Béla IV of Hungary 2051:Constantine Akropolites 1949:Second Bulgarian Empire 1833:shepherds of the Romans 1486:Second Bulgarian Empire 995:by the Bulgarian Tsar. 853:Origin of the Romanians 668: 662: 644: 634: 628: 618: 499:Medieval necropolis in 344: 32:Vlachs (disambiguation) 8074:Eastern Romance people 8031:13 August 2007 at the 7868:Kristó, Gyula (2003). 7428: 7410: 7254:Sima Ćirković; (2004) 6871:Kristó, Gyula (1986). 6684:library.hungaricana.hu 6417:library.hungaricana.hu 6391:library.hungaricana.hu 6365:library.hungaricana.hu 6339:library.hungaricana.hu 6313:library.hungaricana.hu 6265:library.hungaricana.hu 5931:Curta, Florin (2001). 5909:Gyula, Kristó (2002). 5887:Írások az Árpád-korról 5858:László Makkai (2001), 5370:Comnena, Anna (2000). 5277:Kristó, Gyula (2003). 5224:László, Botos (2001). 5175:Curta, Florin (2015). 5092:Mócsy, András (1987). 4663:Malcolm, Noel (1998). 3588:cultural appropriation 3390:in the south, and the 3346: 3289:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3131:in Byzantine sources); 3047: 2894: 2679:, where Hungarian and 2538:and Ban John Babonić. 2448: 2267: 2259: 2251: 2220:, several people left 1740:Boniface of Montferrat 1723: 1710: 1514:Mentions of Vlachs in 1495:, after the Byzantine 1477: 1444:Principality of Halych 1416:mention the Vlachs in 1314: 991:after the conquest of 882: 870: 723: 656: 650: 608: 602: 596: 575:(Воло́хи) in Russian, 504: 447:Włochy, Włosi, włoskie 426: 371: 314: 77: 39:Vlach (disambiguation) 8059:Western Balkan Vlachs 8047:(in Vlach, EN and RO) 8026:Studies on the Vlachs 7872:. Budapest: Lucidus. 7835:Tanner, Arno (2004). 7716:Steriu T. Hagigogu, " 7288:Caciur, Dana (2021). 7043:Történelmi hazugságok 7013:István, Lipovniczky. 6931:Biharvármegye Oláhjai 6597:Dr. Jancsó, Benedek. 6080:Zef Mirdita (1995). " 6054:Zef Mirdita (1995). " 5846:Térképészeti földrajz 5844:Faragó, Imre (2017). 5800:10.1353/see.2009.0062 4985:. Budapest: ELTE BTK. 4983:A román nép története 4981:Sándor, Bíró (1977). 4268:. Brill. p. 58. 4123:www.openhousepraha.cz 4098:slovnik.juls.savba.sk 2889: 2743:Count of the Székelys 2591:A charter, issued by 2431: 2406:Andrew III of Hungary 2392:Andrew III of Hungary 2381:Andrew III of Hungary 2159:Ottokar II of Bohemia 1766:Henry of Valenciennes 1764:Around the same time 1736:Raimbaut de Vaqueiras 1729:Pope Innocent II 1538:where a Vlach called 1472:Plan of the fortress 1471: 1380:Nestor the Chronicler 1305: 1247:Nikephoros Melissenos 1151:associates them with 1130:Nikoulitzas Delphinas 987:switched alliance to 876: 864: 717: 533:Wallachians, Walachen 509:Blaci, Blauen, Blachi 498: 241:Further information: 57: 47:Oláh (disambiguation) 7960:14 July 2014 at the 7806:Slavica Helsingiensa 7581:, Petre Ș. Năsturel 7414:Poggio Bracciolini, 7097:I. Dani, K. Gündish 6903:Dr. Makkai, László. 6710:Mužić, Ivan (2010). 6182:Oczko, Anna (2016). 5663:"A "ROMÁNOK FÖLDJE"" 5494:Az Oláhok Története 4598:Fine, John V. A. Jr. 4486:Demirtaş-Coşkun 2001 4196:Snoj, Marko (2009). 4145:"Fran/iskanje/laški" 4094:"Slovenské slovníky" 3824:, from 16th century. 3093:Bassarab's Wallachia 3079:Southern Carpathians 2985:claims in 1450 that 2652:Voivode of Maramureș 2536:Charles I of Hungary 2501:, a type of cheese. 2488:Władysław I Łokietek 2311:asked for help from 2092:Knights Hospitallers 2017:Andrew II of Hungary 1708:was given the title 1622:with a great pomp." 1457:Byzantine historian 1446:during the reign of 1273:Chalcidice peninsula 1019:Chalcidice peninsula 761:Dalmatian hinterland 697:Bulgaralbanitoblahos 209:and, in Serbia, the 30:For other uses, see 6832:, 2017, pages 33-34 6033:Curta, 2006, p. 385 5651:. pp. 126–129. 5058:Kekaumenos (2000). 5043:Kekaumenos (1964). 4331:Živeti sa istorijom 4288:Jan Gawron; (2020) 3801:Ivan Mužić (2011). 3326:Valahia transalpina 3123:; Black Wallachia, 3041:to the Polish King 2960:styled himself as " 2499:formaedi vlacheschi 2359:Ladislaus the Cuman 2094:with two polities ( 2023:" was given to the 1751:Kaloyan of Bulgaria 1427:(1130–1173) of the 1386:stretched from the 1334:settled beside the 1308:Transylvanian Saxon 999:Mutahhar al-Maqdisi 979:over the Vlachs in 800:Nowadays, the term 571:(Βλάχοι) in Greek, 523:while the medieval 166:) and north of the 7720:", Bucharest, 1939 7649:21 (1962): 102–143 7647:Sudost-Forschungen 7179:. pp. 282–283 7121:bibliotekanauki.pl 6929:Vincze, Bunyitay. 6163:, p. 140–141. 6043:Papacostea, Șerban 6023:. pp. 61, 75. 4352:. pp. 116–118 3616:Statuta Valachorum 3458:Vlach shepherd of 3392:Caucasus Mountains 3339:Moravian Wallachia 3320:Valachia citeriore 2983:Poggio Bracciolini 2922:Republic of Ragusa 2895: 2867:since the rule of 2834:Királybányatoplica 2772:Louis I of Hungary 2721:Louis I of Hungary 2673:and its peoples: " 2656:Louis I of Hungary 2619:quod Olachi Romani 2551:Kingdom of Hungary 2449: 2197:Vranjina monastery 2171:Béla IV of Hungary 2144:Béla IV of Hungary 2137:Béla IV of Hungary 2084:Béla IV of Hungary 1883:Hungarian conquest 1810:Grand Prince Árpád 1792:(Great Valachia). 1663:Hilandar monastery 1478: 1429:Kingdom of Navarre 1425:Benjamin of Tudela 1412:In 1109, monks on 1346:under the name of 1315: 989:Samuel of Bulgaria 883: 871: 849:History of Romania 795:Chakavian-speaking 724: 505: 451:Olasz, Olaszország 78: 8039:Vlachs' in Greece 7973:978-606-16-0148-6 7943:Gheorghe Bogdan, 7908:978-615-6117-41-0 7848:978-952-91-6808-8 7579:Istoria Românilor 7546:978-0-521-83756-9 7487:978-3-11-014694-3 7299:978-83-66355-68-2 6714:. pp. 10–11. 6536:978-1-139-44408-8 6475:978-963-9116-31-3 6060:Povijesni Prilozi 5974:978-606-537-443-0 5946:978-83-7181-211-8 5697:978-90-04-33319-2 5647:Jancsó, Benedek. 5348:978-963-506-970-5 5210:Emil Țîrcomnicu: 5045:DAS "STRATEGIKON" 4845:. pp. 62–63. 4649:basin during the 4429:978-1-137-58585-1 4207:978-961-241-360-6 4125:. 2 November 2022 3975:978-3-8258-7569-5 3926:978-90-04-25076-5 3871:978-952-10-0246-5 3581:Mediterranean Sea 3386:in the west, the 3347:Moravské Valašsko 3304:Greater Wallachia 3154:Terra Prodnicorum 3149:Pope Innocent III 3117:Bogdano-Wallachia 3039:Stephen the Great 3030:who expeled the 2932:with 600 horses. 2876:Kingdom of Serbia 2794:Cathedral chapter 2711:, son of Voivode 2677:Hungarian Kingdom 2634:Hungarian kingdom 2510:Istrian Peninsula 2163:Pope Alexander IV 2012:Diploma Andreanum 1778:Henry of Flanders 1755:Henry of Flanders 1734:In 1204 and 1205 1625:According to the 1563:Niketas Choniates 1520:Niketas Choniates 1516:Medieval Bulgaria 1493:Niketas Choniates 1448:Yaroslav Osmomysl 1320:Primary Chronicle 1312:Johannes Honterus 961:Byzantine writer 929:David of Bulgaria 885:According to the 757:Ottoman Macedonia 742:speaking people, 606:, from the Latin 541:Ulak, Ilak, Iflak 477:) and Slovenian ( 449:) and Hungarian ( 429:), and in Poland 207:Megleno-Romanians 16:(Redirected from 8086: 8011:Vlachs in Greece 7997: 7920: 7900: 7883: 7852: 7794: 7772: 7770: 7768: 7762: 7755: 7742: 7740: 7738: 7732: 7676: 7671: 7665: 7656: 7650: 7643: 7637: 7634: 7628: 7625: 7619: 7618: 7605: 7599: 7592: 7586: 7585:, vol. XVI, 1998 7571: 7560: 7557: 7551: 7550: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7517: 7511: 7510: 7498: 7492: 7491: 7469: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7443: 7437: 7431: 7425: 7419: 7413: 7407: 7401: 7400: 7378: 7372: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7352: 7346: 7343: 7337: 7336: 7324: 7318: 7317: 7311: 7303: 7285: 7279: 7272: 7266: 7252: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7222: 7216: 7215: 7213: 7211: 7195: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7184: 7168: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7138: 7132: 7131: 7129: 7127: 7112: 7106: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7068: 7062: 7061: 7053: 7047: 7046: 7038: 7032: 7027:Ioan Aurel Pop: 7025: 7019: 7018: 7010: 6999: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6979: 6970: 6969: 6967: 6956: 6950: 6949: 6941: 6935: 6934: 6926: 6909: 6908: 6900: 6891: 6890: 6868: 6862: 6861: 6839: 6833: 6826: 6820: 6819: 6807: 6801: 6800: 6778: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6749: 6743: 6742: 6740: 6738: 6722: 6716: 6715: 6707: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6676: 6670: 6669: 6661: 6655: 6650:Ioan Aurel Pop: 6648: 6639: 6636: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6599:Erdély Története 6594: 6583: 6582: 6565: 6559: 6558: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6520: 6514: 6508: 6497: 6496: 6486: 6480: 6479: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6438: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6424: 6409: 6403: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6383: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6331: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6305: 6299: 6298: 6290: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6257: 6251: 6250: 6238: 6232: 6231: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6208: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6194: 6179: 6173: 6170: 6164: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6129: 6123: 6122: 6110: 6104: 6103: 6091: 6085: 6078: 6067: 6052: 6046: 6040: 6034: 6031: 6025: 6024: 6014: 6008: 6007: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5960: 5951: 5950: 5928: 5922: 5919: 5913: 5907: 5901: 5895: 5889: 5883: 5877: 5876: 5855: 5849: 5838: 5832: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5785: 5776: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5756: 5750: 5747: 5741: 5738: 5729: 5728: 5708: 5702: 5701: 5677: 5671: 5670: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5644: 5631: 5626: 5620: 5619: 5608: 5602: 5601: 5595: 5587: 5569: 5563: 5562: 5551: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5531: 5522: 5516: 5510: 5504: 5498: 5497: 5489: 5483: 5480: 5474: 5463: 5457: 5454: 5448: 5447: 5435: 5429: 5423: 5417: 5416: 5409: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5382: 5376: 5375: 5367: 5361: 5360: 5340: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5295: 5289: 5281:.Lucidus Kiadó. 5275: 5266: 5263: 5257: 5256:, pp. 2, 8. 5251: 5245: 5239: 5230: 5229: 5221: 5215: 5208: 5202: 5196: 5185: 5184: 5172: 5166: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5150: 5140: 5127: 5126:, p. 97–98. 5121: 5110: 5109: 5104:(in Hungarian). 5099: 5089: 5076: 5073: 5064: 5063: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5011: 5002: 5001: 4993: 4987: 4986: 4978: 4972: 4969: 4963: 4960: 4954: 4953:, p. 96–97. 4948: 4942: 4941: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4912:9-789-04742880-0 4898: 4889: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4871: 4862: 4861: 4853: 4847: 4846: 4841:Huart, Clément. 4838: 4832: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4800: 4794: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4776: 4761: 4758: 4752: 4749: 4743: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4727: 4719: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4696: 4690: 4684: 4675: 4674: 4660: 4654: 4651:Migration Period 4632: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4569:10.4000/res.5138 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4517: 4508: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4458: 4448: 4442: 4441: 4413: 4407: 4406: 4396: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4326: 4320: 4319: 4301: 4295: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4259: 4253: 4252: 4244: 4238: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4167: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3940: 3931: 3930: 3911: 3905: 3904: 3899: 3897: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3855: 3844: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3809: 3798: 3789: 3783: 3770: 3769: 3749: 3740: 3729: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3678: 3672:Ioan-Aurel Pop. 3669: 3577:Adriatic islands 3550: 3530: 3518: 3502: 3482: 3472: 3469: 3455: 3439: 3394:in the east. In 3388:Pindus Mountains 3362:Shepherd culture 3351:Beskid Mountains 3310:Lesser Wallachia 3285:Romanija planina 3188:(Μεγάλη Βλαχία, 3147:in documents by 3141:Balkan Mountains 3050: 2958:Nicholas of Ilok 2636:from the south. 2508:in 1329, in the 2446: 2443: 2270: 2262: 2254: 2193:Stefan Vladislav 1913:Gesta Hungarorum 1888:Gesta Hungarorum 1878:Gesta Hungarorum 1817:Carpathian Basin 1801:Gesta Hungarorum 1726: 1713: 1637: 1634: 1593:Byzantine Empire 1578:Balkan mountains 1524:Dobromir Chrysos 1330:states that the 1329: 1326: 1284:crusading armies 1237:mentions in her 1093:Annales Barenses 965:, author of the 940:Kitāb al-Fihrist 899:Migration Period 788: 782: 744:Eastern Orthodox 732:High Middle Ages 683: 671: 665: 659: 653: 647: 641: 637: 631: 625: 621: 611: 605: 599: 392: 386: 374: 365: 364: 347: 332: 164:Balkan peninsula 160:Southeast Europe 137: 136: 133: 132: 129: 126: 123: 120: 111: 110: 107: 106: 103: 100: 97: 94: 87: 67: 59:Théodore Valerio 21: 8094: 8093: 8089: 8088: 8087: 8085: 8084: 8083: 8064: 8063: 8033:Wayback Machine 7995: 7988: 7962:Wayback Machine 7927: 7925:Further reading 7909: 7898: 7886: 7880: 7867: 7859:Trifon, Nicolas 7849: 7834: 7786: 7766: 7764: 7760: 7753: 7746: 7736: 7734: 7730: 7723: 7704:Theodor Capidan 7684: 7679: 7672: 7668: 7657: 7653: 7644: 7640: 7635: 7631: 7626: 7622: 7607: 7606: 7602: 7593: 7589: 7572: 7563: 7558: 7554: 7547: 7534: 7533: 7529: 7519: 7518: 7514: 7505:(in Romanian). 7500: 7499: 7495: 7488: 7471: 7470: 7466: 7456: 7454: 7445: 7444: 7440: 7432:Flavio Biondo, 7426: 7422: 7408: 7404: 7397: 7380: 7379: 7375: 7365: 7363: 7354: 7353: 7349: 7344: 7340: 7326: 7325: 7321: 7304: 7300: 7287: 7286: 7282: 7278:, 2017, page 31 7273: 7269: 7253: 7246: 7236: 7234: 7224: 7223: 7219: 7209: 7207: 7197: 7196: 7192: 7182: 7180: 7170: 7169: 7162: 7152: 7150: 7140: 7139: 7135: 7125: 7123: 7114: 7113: 7109: 7096: 7092: 7082: 7080: 7070: 7069: 7065: 7055: 7054: 7050: 7040: 7039: 7035: 7026: 7022: 7012: 7011: 7002: 6992: 6990: 6981: 6980: 6973: 6968:(in Hungarian). 6965: 6958: 6957: 6953: 6943: 6942: 6938: 6928: 6927: 6912: 6902: 6901: 6894: 6870: 6869: 6865: 6858: 6841: 6840: 6836: 6827: 6823: 6809: 6808: 6804: 6797: 6780: 6779: 6772: 6762: 6760: 6751: 6750: 6746: 6736: 6734: 6724: 6723: 6719: 6709: 6708: 6699: 6689: 6687: 6678: 6677: 6673: 6663: 6662: 6658: 6649: 6642: 6637: 6633: 6623: 6621: 6611: 6610: 6606: 6596: 6595: 6586: 6567: 6566: 6562: 6548: 6547: 6543: 6537: 6522: 6521: 6517: 6509: 6500: 6495:(in Hungarian). 6489:Szabó, Károly. 6488: 6487: 6483: 6476: 6463: 6462: 6458: 6440: 6439: 6432: 6422: 6420: 6411: 6410: 6406: 6396: 6394: 6385: 6384: 6380: 6370: 6368: 6359: 6358: 6354: 6344: 6342: 6333: 6332: 6328: 6318: 6316: 6307: 6306: 6302: 6292: 6291: 6280: 6270: 6268: 6259: 6258: 6254: 6240: 6239: 6235: 6225: 6224: 6220: 6210: 6209: 6202: 6192: 6190: 6181: 6180: 6176: 6171: 6167: 6159: 6155: 6148: 6131: 6130: 6126: 6116: 6111: 6107: 6097: 6092: 6088: 6079: 6070: 6053: 6049: 6041: 6037: 6032: 6028: 6016: 6015: 6011: 6004: 5987: 5986: 5982: 5975: 5962: 5961: 5954: 5947: 5930: 5929: 5925: 5920: 5916: 5908: 5904: 5896: 5892: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5857: 5856: 5852: 5839: 5835: 5819: 5815: 5783: 5778: 5777: 5773: 5768:(in Hungarian). 5765: 5758: 5757: 5753: 5748: 5744: 5739: 5732: 5710: 5709: 5705: 5698: 5679: 5678: 5674: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5646: 5645: 5634: 5627: 5623: 5610: 5609: 5605: 5588: 5584: 5571: 5570: 5566: 5553: 5552: 5548: 5540: 5533: 5532: 5525: 5517: 5513: 5505: 5501: 5492:Hunfalvy, Pál. 5491: 5490: 5486: 5481: 5477: 5464: 5460: 5455: 5451: 5437: 5436: 5432: 5424: 5420: 5411: 5410: 5406: 5396: 5394: 5384: 5383: 5379: 5369: 5368: 5364: 5349: 5338: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5314: 5297: 5296: 5292: 5276: 5269: 5264: 5260: 5252: 5248: 5240: 5233: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5209: 5205: 5197: 5188: 5174: 5173: 5169: 5164: 5160: 5148: 5143:Elekes, Lajos. 5142: 5141: 5130: 5122: 5113: 5097: 5091: 5090: 5079: 5074: 5067: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5042: 5041: 5037: 5030: 5013: 5012: 5005: 4995: 4994: 4990: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4970: 4966: 4961: 4957: 4949: 4945: 4938: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4913: 4900: 4899: 4892: 4887: 4883: 4874:Pál, Hunfalvy. 4873: 4872: 4865: 4855: 4854: 4850: 4840: 4839: 4835: 4830: 4826: 4819: 4802: 4801: 4797: 4792: 4788: 4779:Földes, János. 4778: 4777: 4764: 4759: 4755: 4750: 4746: 4741: 4737: 4720: 4713: 4712: 4708: 4698: 4697: 4693: 4685: 4678: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4630: 4625: 4621: 4614: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4535: 4533: 4519: 4518: 4511: 4503: 4499: 4489: 4484: 4480: 4472: 4468: 4456: 4450: 4449: 4445: 4430: 4415: 4414: 4410: 4394: 4389: 4388: 4384: 4370: 4369: 4365: 4355: 4353: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4328: 4327: 4323: 4316: 4303: 4302: 4298: 4287: 4283: 4276: 4261: 4260: 4256: 4246: 4245: 4241: 4231: 4229: 4220: 4219: 4215: 4208: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4180: 4178: 4171:"Fran/Pravopis" 4169: 4168: 4164: 4154: 4152: 4143: 4142: 4138: 4128: 4126: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4102: 4100: 4092: 4091: 4087: 4077: 4075: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4051: 4049: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4025: 4023: 4014: 4013: 4009: 3999: 3997: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3976: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3942: 3941: 3934: 3927: 3913: 3912: 3908: 3895: 3893: 3884: 3883: 3879: 3872: 3857: 3856: 3847: 3834: 3830: 3807: 3800: 3799: 3792: 3784: 3773: 3766: 3751: 3750: 3743: 3730: 3717: 3707: 3705: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3671: 3670: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3596: 3565: 3558: 3551: 3542: 3531: 3522: 3519: 3510: 3509:, United States 3503: 3494: 3483: 3474: 3470: 3456: 3447: 3440: 3431: 3419:medieval Bosnia 3396:Slovak language 3364: 3186:Great Wallachia 3177:White Wallachia 3097:Ungro-Wallachia 3088:Ţara Românească 3057: 2884: 2838:Keresztényfalva 2781:The village of 2765:Decree of Turda 2713:Sas of Moldavia 2662:and takes over 2648:Bogdan of Cuhea 2517:Stefan Dečanski 2444: 2426: 2264:, arguing that 2088:Land of Severin 2061:Pope Gregory IX 2015:issued by King 1994:Eparchy of Žiča 1947:, attacked the 1908:Dennis Deletant 1831:, and also the 1819:, at that time 1790:Blakie la Grant 1703: 1659:Stefan Nemanjić 1635: 1518:also come from 1384:Frankish Empire 1327: 1300: 1243:Emperor Alexios 1226:Dacia Aureliana 1141:North Macedonia 1063:Omeljan Pritsak 1015: 907: 859: 845: 783: 740:Eastern Romance 728:Western Balkans 549: 547:Historical uses 513:Balachi, Walati 387: 245: 239: 231:Istro-Romanians 223:Moravian Vlachs 219:western Balkans 211:Timok Romanians 195:North Macedonia 117: 113: 91: 85: 84: 61: 50: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8092: 8090: 8082: 8081: 8076: 8066: 8065: 8062: 8061: 8056: 8048: 8042: 8036: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7987: 7986:External links 7984: 7983: 7982: 7979: 7976: 7965: 7948: 7941: 7934: 7926: 7923: 7922: 7921: 7907: 7884: 7878: 7865: 7856: 7853: 7847: 7832: 7818: 7795: 7784: 7781: 7778: 7775: 7774: 7773: 7763:on 30 May 2014 7721: 7714: 7711: 7701: 7698: 7688: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7677: 7666: 7651: 7638: 7629: 7620: 7600: 7587: 7561: 7552: 7545: 7527: 7512: 7493: 7486: 7464: 7438: 7420: 7402: 7395: 7373: 7347: 7338: 7319: 7298: 7280: 7267: 7244: 7217: 7190: 7160: 7133: 7107: 7090: 7063: 7048: 7033: 7020: 7000: 6971: 6951: 6944:István, Nagy. 6936: 6910: 6892: 6878:Acta Historica 6863: 6856: 6834: 6821: 6802: 6795: 6770: 6744: 6717: 6697: 6671: 6664:Tamás, Lajos. 6656: 6640: 6631: 6604: 6584: 6560: 6541: 6535: 6515: 6511:Miskolczy 2021 6498: 6481: 6474: 6456: 6430: 6404: 6378: 6352: 6326: 6300: 6278: 6252: 6233: 6218: 6200: 6174: 6165: 6153: 6146: 6124: 6115:, p. 189. 6105: 6096:, p. 354. 6086: 6068: 6047: 6035: 6026: 6009: 6002: 5980: 5973: 5952: 5945: 5923: 5914: 5902: 5890: 5878: 5872: 5850: 5833: 5813: 5771: 5751: 5742: 5730: 5719:(3–4): 36–61. 5703: 5696: 5672: 5654: 5632: 5621: 5603: 5582: 5564: 5546: 5523: 5511: 5499: 5484: 5475: 5458: 5449: 5430: 5426:Miskolczy 2021 5418: 5404: 5377: 5362: 5347: 5319: 5312: 5290: 5267: 5258: 5246: 5231: 5216: 5203: 5199:Miskolczy 2021 5186: 5167: 5158: 5128: 5124:Miskolczy 2021 5111: 5077: 5065: 5050: 5035: 5028: 5003: 4988: 4973: 4964: 4955: 4951:Miskolczy 2021 4943: 4936: 4918: 4911: 4890: 4881: 4863: 4848: 4833: 4824: 4817: 4795: 4786: 4762: 4753: 4744: 4735: 4706: 4691: 4676: 4655: 4619: 4612: 4589: 4543: 4509: 4497: 4478: 4466: 4443: 4428: 4408: 4405:(10): 717–730. 4382: 4363: 4336: 4321: 4314: 4296: 4281: 4274: 4254: 4239: 4213: 4206: 4188: 4177:(in Slovenian) 4162: 4151:(in Slovenian) 4136: 4110: 4085: 4074:(in Hungarian) 4059: 4048:(in Hungarian) 4033: 4022:on 21 May 2022 4007: 3981: 3974: 3954: 3932: 3925: 3906: 3877: 3870: 3845: 3828: 3790: 3788:, p. 203. 3771: 3764: 3741: 3715: 3704:. dexonline.ro 3689: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3564: 3561: 3560: 3559: 3557:, Greece, 1915 3552: 3545: 3543: 3532: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3513: 3511: 3504: 3497: 3495: 3484: 3477: 3475: 3464:Auguste Raffet 3457: 3450: 3448: 3441: 3434: 3430: 3427: 3423:burial culture 3407:Bogumil Hrabak 3368:Ottoman Empire 3363: 3360: 3359: 3358: 3355:Czech Republic 3336: 3323: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3291: 3278: 3272: 3263: 3249: 3237:) in southern 3231: 3218: 3196: 3183: 3170: 3169: 3151: 3132: 3129:Rousso-Vlachia 3107:– between the 3100: 3077:– between the 3056: 3053: 2935:In 1433 Vlach 2883: 2880: 2858:Aranyosmedgyes 2809:Ioan-Aurel Pop 2758:ban of Croatia 2715:, defeated by 2684:market-places. 2452:Stefan Milutin 2425: 2422: 2334:Also in 1285, 2317:Constantinople 2246:Ulahis advenis 2224:, the Vlachs ( 2206:In the 1280s, 2180:In 1272, King 2135:In 1252 King 2065:Hungarian king 2040:Czech Republic 2004:abbey at Cârța 1988:In 1220, king 1941:Count of Sibiu 1861:Ioan-Aurel Pop 1849:historiography 1721:and the title 1702: 1699: 1452:Emperor Manuel 1401:, in her book 1299: 1296: 1159:of Antiquity. 1027:Vlachorynhinii 1014: 1011: 917:John Skylitzes 906: 903: 844: 841: 833:Czech Republic 755:in Serbia and 749:Ottoman Empire 711:" or "Latin". 567:in Hungarian, 548: 545: 525:Song of Roland 433:or in Hungary 238: 235: 146:used from the 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8091: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8071: 8069: 8060: 8057: 8054: 8053: 8052:Old Wallachia 8049: 8046: 8043: 8040: 8037: 8034: 8030: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7996:(in Romanian) 7993: 7990: 7989: 7985: 7980: 7977: 7974: 7970: 7966: 7963: 7959: 7956: 7952: 7949: 7946: 7942: 7939: 7935: 7932: 7929: 7928: 7924: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7904: 7896: 7892: 7891: 7885: 7881: 7879:963-9465-12-7 7875: 7871: 7866: 7864: 7860: 7857: 7854: 7850: 7844: 7840: 7839: 7833: 7831: 7830:960-7760-86-7 7827: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7811: 7807: 7804: 7800: 7796: 7793:. Frank Cass. 7792: 7791: 7785: 7782: 7779: 7776: 7759: 7752: 7751: 7745: 7744: 7729: 7728: 7722: 7719: 7715: 7712: 7709: 7705: 7702: 7699: 7696: 7692: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7681: 7675: 7670: 7667: 7664: 7661: 7655: 7652: 7648: 7642: 7639: 7633: 7630: 7624: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7612: 7604: 7601: 7597: 7591: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7570: 7568: 7566: 7562: 7556: 7553: 7548: 7542: 7538: 7531: 7528: 7523: 7516: 7513: 7508: 7504: 7497: 7494: 7489: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7468: 7465: 7453: 7449: 7442: 7439: 7435: 7430: 7424: 7421: 7417: 7412: 7406: 7403: 7398: 7396:973-653-191-0 7392: 7388: 7384: 7377: 7374: 7362: 7358: 7351: 7348: 7342: 7339: 7334: 7330: 7323: 7320: 7315: 7309: 7301: 7295: 7291: 7284: 7281: 7277: 7271: 7268: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7251: 7249: 7245: 7232: 7228: 7221: 7218: 7205: 7201: 7194: 7191: 7178: 7174: 7167: 7165: 7161: 7149:. p. 283 7148: 7144: 7137: 7134: 7122: 7118: 7111: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7094: 7091: 7078: 7074: 7067: 7064: 7059: 7052: 7049: 7044: 7037: 7034: 7030: 7024: 7021: 7016: 7009: 7007: 7005: 7001: 6989: 6985: 6978: 6976: 6972: 6964: 6963: 6955: 6952: 6947: 6940: 6937: 6932: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6911: 6906: 6899: 6897: 6893: 6888: 6884: 6880: 6879: 6874: 6867: 6864: 6859: 6857:0-88033-479-7 6853: 6849: 6845: 6838: 6835: 6831: 6825: 6822: 6817: 6813: 6806: 6803: 6798: 6796:973-653-191-0 6792: 6788: 6784: 6777: 6775: 6771: 6759: 6755: 6748: 6745: 6733:. p. 209 6732: 6728: 6721: 6718: 6713: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6698: 6686:. p. 300 6685: 6681: 6675: 6672: 6667: 6660: 6657: 6653: 6647: 6645: 6641: 6635: 6632: 6619: 6615: 6608: 6605: 6600: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6572: 6564: 6561: 6556: 6555:De Medio Aevo 6552: 6545: 6542: 6538: 6532: 6528: 6527: 6519: 6516: 6512: 6507: 6505: 6503: 6499: 6494: 6493: 6485: 6482: 6477: 6471: 6467: 6460: 6457: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6437: 6435: 6431: 6419:. p. 238 6418: 6414: 6408: 6405: 6393:. p. 231 6392: 6388: 6382: 6379: 6367:. p. 203 6366: 6362: 6356: 6353: 6341:. p. 197 6340: 6336: 6330: 6327: 6315:. p. 196 6314: 6310: 6304: 6301: 6296: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6279: 6267:. p. 191 6266: 6262: 6256: 6253: 6248: 6244: 6237: 6234: 6229: 6222: 6219: 6214: 6207: 6205: 6201: 6189: 6185: 6178: 6175: 6169: 6166: 6162: 6157: 6154: 6149: 6147:0-88033-479-7 6143: 6139: 6135: 6128: 6125: 6120: 6114: 6109: 6106: 6101: 6095: 6090: 6087: 6083: 6077: 6075: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6048: 6044: 6039: 6036: 6030: 6027: 6022: 6021: 6013: 6010: 6005: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5984: 5981: 5976: 5970: 5966: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5948: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5927: 5924: 5918: 5915: 5912: 5906: 5903: 5900: 5894: 5891: 5888: 5882: 5879: 5875: 5873:0-88033-479-7 5869: 5865: 5861: 5854: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5837: 5834: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5817: 5814: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5782: 5775: 5772: 5764: 5763: 5755: 5752: 5746: 5743: 5737: 5735: 5731: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5707: 5704: 5699: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5684: 5676: 5673: 5668: 5664: 5658: 5655: 5650: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5630: 5625: 5622: 5617: 5613: 5607: 5604: 5599: 5593: 5585: 5579: 5575: 5568: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5550: 5547: 5539: 5538: 5530: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5515: 5512: 5508: 5503: 5500: 5495: 5488: 5485: 5479: 5476: 5472: 5471:9789004175365 5468: 5462: 5459: 5453: 5450: 5445: 5441: 5434: 5431: 5428:, p. 96. 5427: 5422: 5419: 5414: 5408: 5405: 5392: 5388: 5381: 5378: 5373: 5366: 5363: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5344: 5336: 5332: 5331: 5323: 5320: 5315: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5294: 5291: 5288: 5287:963-9465-12-7 5284: 5280: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5262: 5259: 5255: 5250: 5247: 5243: 5238: 5236: 5232: 5227: 5220: 5217: 5213: 5207: 5204: 5201:, p. 98. 5200: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5187: 5182: 5178: 5171: 5168: 5162: 5159: 5154: 5146: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5112: 5107: 5103: 5102:Világtörténet 5095: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5061: 5054: 5051: 5046: 5039: 5036: 5031: 5029:973-653-191-0 5025: 5021: 5017: 5010: 5008: 5004: 4999: 4992: 4989: 4984: 4977: 4974: 4968: 4965: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4947: 4944: 4939: 4937:0-674-64465-4 4933: 4929: 4922: 4919: 4914: 4908: 4904: 4897: 4895: 4891: 4885: 4882: 4877: 4870: 4868: 4864: 4859: 4852: 4849: 4844: 4837: 4834: 4828: 4825: 4820: 4818:973-653-191-0 4814: 4810: 4806: 4799: 4796: 4790: 4787: 4782: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4754: 4748: 4745: 4739: 4736: 4731: 4725: 4717: 4710: 4707: 4702: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4683: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4668: 4667: 4659: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4645:in the Lower 4644: 4643:Thraco-Romans 4640: 4639:973-27-0500-0 4636: 4629: 4623: 4620: 4615: 4613:0-472-08149-7 4609: 4605: 4604: 4599: 4593: 4590: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4547: 4544: 4531: 4528:(in Slovak). 4527: 4523: 4516: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4498: 4493: 4487: 4482: 4479: 4475: 4470: 4467: 4462: 4454: 4447: 4444: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4425: 4421: 4420: 4412: 4409: 4404: 4400: 4393: 4386: 4383: 4378: 4374: 4367: 4364: 4351: 4347: 4340: 4337: 4332: 4325: 4322: 4317: 4311: 4307: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4285: 4282: 4277: 4275:90-04-11647-8 4271: 4267: 4266: 4258: 4255: 4250: 4243: 4240: 4228: 4224: 4217: 4214: 4209: 4203: 4199: 4192: 4189: 4176: 4172: 4166: 4163: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4137: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4111: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4086: 4073: 4069: 4063: 4060: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4034: 4021: 4017: 4011: 4008: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3982: 3977: 3971: 3967: 3966: 3958: 3955: 3950: 3946: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3922: 3918: 3917: 3910: 3907: 3903: 3892: 3888: 3881: 3878: 3873: 3867: 3863: 3862: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3846: 3843:January 2009. 3842: 3841:Language Log, 3838: 3835:Ringe, Don. " 3832: 3829: 3825: 3823: 3817: 3813: 3806: 3805: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3765:0-295-96033-7 3761: 3757: 3756: 3748: 3746: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3716: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3690: 3675: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3584: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3562: 3556: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3529: 3524: 3517: 3512: 3508: 3501: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3481: 3476: 3465: 3461: 3454: 3449: 3445: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3411:Marian Wenzel 3408: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3295: 3294:Vlașca County 3292: 3290: 3287:) in eastern 3286: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3275:Maior Vlachia 3273: 3271: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3195: 3191: 3190:Megáli vlahía 3187: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3173: 3167: 3164:in the west, 3163: 3159: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3137: 3133: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3105: 3101: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3063: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3015: 3011: 3006: 3003: 3002:Flavio Biondo 2998: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2981: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2893: 2888: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2872: 2870: 2866: 2861: 2859: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2820: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2768: 2766: 2761: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2694: 2692: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2678: 2672: 2667: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2646:Around 1355, 2644: 2642: 2641:Krassó County 2637: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2620: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2594: 2589: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2567: 2562: 2561:August 1335. 2558: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2522: 2521:Visoki Dečani 2518: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2500: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2473: 2471: 2466: 2464: 2459: 2457: 2453: 2439: 2435: 2430: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2407: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2386: 2385:Transylvanian 2382: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2364: 2360: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2284: 2283:Székelys runs 2279: 2275: 2271: 2269: 2263: 2261: 2255: 2253: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2214: 2209: 2208:Simon of Kéza 2204: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2183: 2178: 2177:, are named. 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2142:In 1256 King 2140: 2138: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2013: 2007: 2005: 2002: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1945:Joachim Türje 1942: 1939:, led by the 1938: 1934: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1899:capital city. 1898: 1894: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1760: 1757:or among the 1756: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1630: 1629: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1601:Szeben County 1598: 1594: 1590: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1561:According to 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1536:Philippopolis 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1491:According to 1489: 1487: 1483: 1475: 1470: 1466: 1464: 1463:John Kinnamos 1460: 1459:John Kinnamos 1455: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1322: 1321: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1266: 1261: 1259: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1241:that in 1091 1240: 1236: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1222:Dacia Traiana 1217: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1091:In 1025, the 1089: 1086: 1084: 1079: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1047: 1041: 1039: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1012: 1010: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 969: 964: 959: 957: 952: 950: 946: 942: 941: 936: 932: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 912: 904: 902: 900: 896: 895:Thraco-Romans 892: 888: 880: 875: 868: 863: 858: 854: 850: 842: 840: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 817: 815: 811: 807: 803: 798: 796: 792: 787: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 745: 741: 737: 733: 730:, during the 729: 721: 716: 712: 710: 706: 702: 701:Sima Ćirković 698: 694: 689: 687: 679: 675: 670: 664: 658: 654:. From Latin 652: 646: 636: 630: 620: 615: 610: 604: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 546: 544: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 517:Woloch, Blôch 514: 510: 502: 497: 493: 491: 487: 484: 483:Láh, Láhinja, 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 391: 382: 378: 373: 369: 359: 355: 351: 346: 340: 336: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 299: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 244: 236: 234: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 171: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 135: 109: 82: 75: 71: 65: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 8051: 7951:Franck Vogel 7944: 7931:The Watchmen 7930: 7894: 7889: 7869: 7837: 7821: 7809: 7805: 7802: 7798: 7789: 7765:. Retrieved 7758:the original 7749: 7735:. Retrieved 7726: 7717: 7707: 7694: 7691:George Murnu 7669: 7659: 7654: 7646: 7641: 7632: 7623: 7615: 7610: 7603: 7595: 7590: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7555: 7536: 7530: 7515: 7502: 7496: 7477: 7467: 7455:. Retrieved 7452:Academia.edu 7451: 7441: 7433: 7423: 7415: 7405: 7386: 7382: 7376: 7364:. Retrieved 7361:ResearchGate 7360: 7350: 7341: 7332: 7322: 7289: 7283: 7270: 7255: 7235:. Retrieved 7233:. p. 44 7231:Academia.edu 7230: 7220: 7208:. Retrieved 7204:ResearchGate 7203: 7193: 7181:. Retrieved 7177:Academia.edu 7176: 7151:. Retrieved 7147:Academia.edu 7146: 7136: 7124:. Retrieved 7120: 7110: 7102: 7098: 7093: 7081:. Retrieved 7079:. p. 36 7077:Academia.edu 7076: 7066: 7057: 7056:Engel, Pál. 7051: 7042: 7036: 7023: 7014: 6991:. Retrieved 6987: 6961: 6954: 6945: 6939: 6930: 6904: 6877: 6866: 6847: 6837: 6824: 6815: 6811: 6805: 6786: 6782: 6761:. Retrieved 6758:Academia.edu 6757: 6747: 6735:. Retrieved 6730: 6720: 6711: 6688:. Retrieved 6683: 6674: 6665: 6659: 6634: 6622:. Retrieved 6620:. p. 33 6618:Academia.edu 6617: 6607: 6598: 6579: 6575: 6570: 6563: 6554: 6544: 6525: 6518: 6491: 6484: 6465: 6459: 6450: 6446: 6421:. Retrieved 6416: 6407: 6395:. Retrieved 6390: 6381: 6369:. Retrieved 6364: 6355: 6343:. Retrieved 6338: 6329: 6317:. Retrieved 6312: 6303: 6294: 6269:. Retrieved 6264: 6255: 6246: 6242: 6236: 6230:. p. 7. 6227: 6221: 6212: 6191:. Retrieved 6188:Academia.edu 6187: 6177: 6168: 6156: 6137: 6127: 6108: 6089: 6063: 6059: 6050: 6038: 6029: 6019: 6012: 5993: 5983: 5964: 5936: 5926: 5917: 5910: 5905: 5898: 5893: 5886: 5881: 5863: 5853: 5845: 5841: 5836: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5816: 5791: 5787: 5774: 5761: 5754: 5745: 5716: 5706: 5682: 5675: 5666: 5657: 5648: 5624: 5615: 5606: 5576:. Budapest. 5573: 5567: 5559: 5555: 5549: 5536: 5514: 5502: 5493: 5487: 5478: 5461: 5452: 5443: 5433: 5421: 5407: 5395:. Retrieved 5393:. p. 64 5391:Academia.edu 5390: 5380: 5371: 5365: 5334: 5329: 5322: 5303: 5293: 5278: 5261: 5249: 5241: 5225: 5219: 5206: 5180: 5170: 5161: 5152: 5105: 5101: 5059: 5053: 5044: 5038: 5019: 5015: 4997: 4991: 4982: 4976: 4967: 4958: 4946: 4927: 4921: 4902: 4884: 4875: 4857: 4851: 4842: 4836: 4827: 4808: 4804: 4798: 4789: 4780: 4756: 4747: 4738: 4718:. Stuttgart. 4715: 4709: 4703:. p. 8. 4700: 4694: 4687: 4670: 4665: 4658: 4627: 4622: 4602: 4592: 4580:. Retrieved 4560: 4556: 4546: 4534:. Retrieved 4525: 4500: 4481: 4469: 4460: 4446: 4418: 4411: 4402: 4398: 4385: 4376: 4366: 4354:. Retrieved 4350:Academia.edu 4349: 4339: 4330: 4324: 4305: 4299: 4289: 4284: 4264: 4257: 4248: 4242: 4230:. Retrieved 4227:ResearchGate 4226: 4216: 4197: 4191: 4179:. Retrieved 4174: 4165: 4153:. Retrieved 4148: 4139: 4127:. Retrieved 4122: 4113: 4101:. Retrieved 4097: 4088: 4076:. Retrieved 4071: 4062: 4050:. Retrieved 4045: 4036: 4024:. Retrieved 4020:the original 4010: 3998:. Retrieved 3993: 3984: 3964: 3957: 3948: 3944: 3915: 3909: 3901: 3894:. Retrieved 3890: 3880: 3860: 3840: 3831: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3803: 3754: 3735: 3706:. Retrieved 3701: 3692: 3680:. Retrieved 3585: 3573:ethnogenesis 3568: 3566: 3507:Ellis Island 3404: 3399: 3384:Dinaric Alps 3372:transhumance 3365: 3328:, including 3325: 3319: 3297: 3284: 3274: 3265: 3234: 3200:Mikrí vlahía 3199: 3189: 3171: 3153: 3144: 3134: 3128: 3125:Moldovlachia 3124: 3121:Maurovlachia 3120: 3116: 3102: 3086: 3072: 3065: 3061: 3058: 3036: 3023: 3018: 3007: 2999: 2994: 2977: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2945: 2934: 2911: 2896: 2882:15th century 2873: 2862: 2855: 2852: 2845: 2842: 2823: 2816: 2806: 2791: 2780: 2769: 2762: 2747: 2738: 2727: 2706: 2695: 2688: 2674: 2671:Transylvania 2668: 2645: 2638: 2630:Transylvania 2623: 2618: 2616: 2597: 2593:Stefan Dušan 2590: 2582:Stefan Dušan 2580: 2578:of Vlachia. 2572:Stefan Dušan 2570: 2563: 2559: 2555:Transylvania 2553:, including 2546: 2540: 2528:Cetina River 2525: 2514: 2505: 2503: 2498: 2496: 2491: 2485: 2477:Mladen Šubić 2474: 2467: 2460: 2450: 2424:14th century 2410: 2403: 2400: 2389: 2378: 2356: 2333: 2306: 2290:Transylvania 2287: 2278:Transylvania 2265: 2257: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2233: 2225: 2211: 2205: 2190: 2186: 2179: 2174: 2167:the defeated 2156: 2141: 2134: 2123: 2107: 2095: 2081: 2059: 2048: 2029: 2020: 2010: 2008: 1998: 1987: 1969: 1930: 1911: 1903: 1900: 1886: 1876: 1869:Florin Curta 1857:Transylvania 1840: 1836: 1828: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1744: 1733: 1704: 1701:13th century 1684: 1680:Thessaloniki 1673: 1671: 1656: 1626: 1624: 1605: 1586: 1575: 1560: 1528:Vardar river 1513: 1490: 1479: 1456: 1441: 1432: 1422: 1411: 1399:Anna Komnene 1396: 1363: 1359: 1351: 1347: 1339: 1318: 1316: 1298:12th century 1281: 1270: 1262: 1255: 1235:Anna Komnene 1233: 1230: 1218: 1192:, where the 1175: 1161: 1134: 1120: 1101: 1090: 1087: 1080: 1074: 1070: 1058: 1050: 1044: 1042: 1035: 1026: 1016: 1013:11th century 1002: 997: 981:Hellas theme 966: 960: 953: 948: 944: 938: 935:Ibn al-Nadīm 933: 915: 908: 905:10th century 884: 879:transhumance 867:Jireček Line 824: 818: 813: 809: 805: 801: 799: 785: 776: 772: 725: 696: 692: 690: 685: 677: 588: 584: 583:in Italian, 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 550: 540: 536: 532: 528: 520: 516: 512: 508: 506: 489: 485: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 450: 446: 438: 434: 430: 406: 402: 394: 389: 380: 357: 353: 302: 295: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 246: 197:and eastern 172: 139: 80: 79: 69: 51: 7206:. p. 4 6161:Kristó 2003 6113:Makkai 1994 5667:Arcanum.com 5372:The Alexiad 4505:Tanner 2004 3996:(in Polish) 3812:Crni Latini 3786:Tanner 2004 3471: 1837 3398:, the term 3109:Carpathians 3020:Jan Długosz 2948:Švitrigaila 2865:Belz region 2802:the country 2739:(Maramureș) 2588:monastery. 2566:Mező-Telegd 2530:fought for 2445: 1450 2300:during the 2165:that about 2161:reports to 2086:gives the " 1985:monastery. 1873:Ceaușescu's 1865:Royal House 1745:After 1207 1552:Mosynopolis 1414:Mount Athos 1338:, then the 1328: 1113 1277:Peloponnese 1177:Strategikon 1023:Mount Athos 968:Strategikon 956:Mount Athos 775:evolved to 612:, meaning ' 587:in French, 579:in German, 561:Wallachians 421:-speakers ( 189:, northern 148:Middle Ages 62: [ 8068:Categories 8041:(in Greek) 7767:26 January 7737:26 January 7682:References 7264:0631204717 6988:Core.ac.uk 6731:Core.ac.uk 6557:: 219–220. 6094:Curta 2006 6003:0880332298 5583:9639289604 5313:0880332298 5155:: 310–312. 4563:: 99–124. 4438:1004716379 4315:0814755615 3896:13 January 3349:), in the 3283:mountain ( 3266:Stari Vlah 3235:Áno Vlahía 3156:(or Terra 3014:Ružomberok 2991:Sarmatians 2626:Wallachian 2600:Kurjaković 2413:Alba Iulia 2396:Alba Iulia 2366:Radu Negru 2344:Asia-Minor 2175:Walachorum 2106:), except 2027:settlers. 2019:in 1224, " 2001:Cistercian 1975:Prokletije 1953:Bulgarians 1825:Bulgarians 1806:Hungarians 1776:(Borilă). 1642:conquered 1636: 600 1612:Saint Ryli 1418:Chalkidiki 1372:Baltic Sea 1358:drove the 1356:Hungarians 1323:, written 1168:Kekaumenos 1149:Kekaumenos 1145:Kekaumenos 1122:Kekaumenos 1043:The names 963:Kekaumenos 847:See also: 819:In modern 765:Shtokavian 674:Macedonian 473:), Czech ( 253:Wallachian 203:Aromanians 158:living in 152:Modern Era 150:until the 140:Wallachian 86:English: 7917:2677-0261 7814:full text 7507:București 7308:cite book 7256:The Serbs 7210:31 August 7183:21 August 7153:21 August 7126:10 August 7101:. (eds.) 7083:21 August 6946:Anjou-kor 6887:0324-6965 6690:18 August 6624:21 August 6453:. Poznań. 6423:18 August 6397:18 August 6371:18 August 6345:18 August 6319:18 August 6271:18 August 5808:141192138 5725:0204-8906 5592:cite book 5397:21 August 5357:1215-4024 4724:cite book 4600:(1991) . 4577:249359362 3631:Vlach law 3253:Macedonia 3239:Macedonia 3221:Morlachia 3208:Acarnania 3074:Wallachia 3032:Ruthenian 3000:In 1453, 2952:Kremenets 2941:voievodes 2914:Podvisoki 2770:In 1370, 2736:Máramaros 2660:Maramureș 2650:, former 2547:Căprioara 2519:gifts to 2483:in 1322. 2404:In 1293, 2374:Câmpulung 2370:Wallachia 2329:Maramures 2304:in 1285. 2182:Ladislaus 2152:Esztergom 2130:Máramaros 2108:kenezatus 2096:kenezatus 2090:" to the 2082:In 1247, 2073:Wallachia 2044:Vlach law 1937:Pechenegs 1813:conquered 1772:ruled by 1716:Patriarch 1685:Numerous 1652:Morvlachs 1648:Macedonia 1595:, sacked 1423:Traveler 1388:North Sea 1374:and near 1310:humanist 1288:Braničevo 1282:In 1099, 1251:Pechenegs 1206:Macedonia 1202:Decebalus 1164:Byzantine 1116:Macedonia 1110:from the 1104:Byzantine 1055:Black Sea 1051:Blökumenn 1038:Strumitsa 985:Nikulitsa 973:Nikulitsa 829:shepherds 812:, plural 808:(Serbian 399:Hungarian 247:The word 237:Etymology 175:Romanians 8029:Archived 7958:Archived 7824:, 2003, 7457:8 August 7366:8 August 7237:8 August 6993:8 August 6763:4 August 6737:8 August 6193:8 August 5413:"Tudela" 4582:9 August 4530:Archived 4522:"Valasi" 4356:14 March 4232:9 August 3814:), 260 ( 3606:Morlachs 3594:See also 3489:couple ( 3281:Romanija 3229:Dalmatia 3194:Thessaly 3166:Volhynia 3158:Brodnici 3113:Dniester 3111:and the 3104:Moldavia 3081:and the 3055:Toponymy 3010:Matthias 2980:humanist 2978:Italian 2907:Morlahcs 2903:Morlachs 2787:Ruthenia 2776:Catholic 2728:(Sătmar) 2707:In 1365 2664:Moldavia 2586:Bistrica 2534:against 2515:In 1330 2463:Pristina 2438:Dalmatia 2434:Thessaly 2418:Theodore 2390:In 1291 2379:In 1290 2352:Thessaly 2294:Székelys 2230:Székelys 2222:Pannonia 2201:Arbanasi 2169:of King 2148:Benedict 2049:In 1230 2036:Slovakia 1961:fortress 1926:Anonymus 1782:Burile's 1770:Blasquie 1693:and the 1509:Moesians 1437:Thessaly 1245:ordered 1188:and the 1166:author, 1137:Thessaly 1126:Thessaly 1075:Blökumen 1071:Blakumen 1046:Blakumen 977:Basil II 925:Kastoria 911:Thessaly 837:Valašsko 648:), from 585:Valaques 581:Valacchi 577:Walachen 521:Valaques 501:Radimlja 453:) as an 368:Albanian 350:ethnonym 293:Germanic 227:Morlachs 187:Bulgaria 138:), also 68:, 1852: 7940:, 1974. 6666:Románok 5669:. 2023. 5521:page 14 5509:page 15 5214:page 15 4181:16 July 4155:16 July 4129:16 July 4103:16 July 4078:16 July 4052:16 July 4026:16 July 4000:16 July 3734:at the 3708:18 June 3698:"Valah" 3682:18 June 3487:Morlach 3446:, 1851. 3429:Gallery 3380:Moravia 3376:Podhale 3330:Făgăraș 3257:Albania 3243:Albania 3216:Locrida 3204:Aetolia 3162:Galicia 3115:river ( 3043:Casimir 3022:in his 2969:Šibenik 2754:Zrmanja 2725:Szatmár 2604:Nelipić 2541:In the 2363:voivode 2321:Tartars 2268:Blackis 2252:Blackis 2234:Blackis 2226:Blackis 2210:in the 2195:to the 2126:Hátszeg 2115:Litovoi 2112:voivode 2055:Albania 2009:In the 1959:in the 1897:Gelou's 1841:Blachij 1829:Blachij 1784:cousin 1706:Kaloyan 1687:Serbian 1667:Prizren 1638:AD the 1620:Tirnovo 1567:Aetolia 1548:Smolyan 1532:Moglena 1407:Larissa 1403:Alexiad 1390:to the 1376:England 1364:Volochi 1360:Volochi 1352:Volochi 1344:Vistula 1340:Volochi 1292:Naissus 1275:to the 1265:Moglena 1239:Alexiad 1182:Dacians 1153:Dacians 1128:led by 1031:Rynhini 993:Larissa 891:Dacians 843:History 784: 769:Morlach 726:In the 722:peoples 657:romānus 651:romānus 609:romānus 593:endonym 589:Valacos 569:Vláchoi 419:Romansh 415:Walloon 388: 358:Blachoi 333:). Via 331:Ouolkai 323:Ptolemy 303:*Wolkā- 215:Balkans 183:Albania 7971: 7915: 7905: 7897:] 7876: 7845: 7828: 7803:et al. 7543: 7484: 7393: 7335:: 205. 7296: 7262: 6885: 6854: 6793: 6533: 6472: 6144: 6000: 5971: 5943: 5870: 5806: 5723: 5694: 5580: 5469: 5446:: 193. 5355: 5345: 5337:] 5310: 5285: 5026: 4934: 4909: 4815: 4647:Danube 4637: 4610: 4575: 4536:29 May 4436: 4426: 4379:: 506. 4312: 4272: 4204: 3972: 3923: 3868: 3762: 3563:Legacy 3555:Koutso 3415:Stećci 3400:Valasi 3298:Vlaška 3270:Serbia 3261:Epirus 3247:Epirus 3212:Dorida 3181:Moesia 3083:Danube 3066:Valaši 2987:Trajan 2973:Croats 2937:knezes 2926:modius 2918:Bosnia 2830:knezes 2783:Wołodź 2732:Ugocsa 2717:Bogdan 2612:Krbava 2481:Trogir 2456:katuns 2348:Tatars 2340:Thrace 2325:Serbia 2298:Saxons 2274:Bulaqs 2260:Ulahis 2242:Ulahis 2218:Attila 2104:Farkas 2069:Cumans 2038:, and 2032:Poland 1957:Cumans 1933:Saxons 1893:Dăbâca 1853:Cumans 1845:Bulaqs 1786:Esclas 1774:Burile 1695:Morava 1644:Salona 1608:Cumans 1582:Moesia 1571:Epirus 1556:Xanthi 1554:, and 1540:Ivanko 1505:Haemos 1501:empire 1474:Prosek 1433:Vlachs 1392:Danube 1382:. The 1368:Franks 1336:Danube 1214:Hellas 1210:Epirus 1198:Trajan 1186:Danube 1172:Greece 1108:Sicily 1067:Turkic 1059:Vlachs 1003:Waladj 949:Blaghā 945:Blaghā 921:Prespa 855:, and 825:Valasi 821:Slovak 802:Vlachs 791:Istria 753:Vlachs 645:rãmãni 629:armãni 573:Volóxi 557:Vlachs 490:Italia 475:Vlachy 471:Valasi 469:- pl. 467:Valach 461:- pl. 455:exonym 443:Polish 431:Włochy 427:Welsch 423:German 377:Slavic 363:Βλάχοι 354:Vláhoi 348:, the 339:Gothic 319:Strabo 315:Volcae 307:Caesar 298:Walhaz 289:Celtic 265:Valach 243:Walhaz 205:, the 199:Serbia 191:Greece 168:Danube 144:exonym 74:Zăbalț 45:, and 7899:(PDF) 7893:[ 7761:(PDF) 7754:(PDF) 7731:(PDF) 7385:[ 7099:et al 6966:(PDF) 6814:[ 6785:[ 6574:[ 6245:[ 5804:S2CID 5784:(PDF) 5766:(PDF) 5688:Brill 5541:(PDF) 5339:(PDF) 5333:[ 5149:(PDF) 5098:(PDF) 5018:[ 4807:[ 4573:S2CID 4457:(PDF) 4395:(PDF) 3947:[ 3808:(PDF) 3732:Vlach 3677:(PDF) 3653:Notes 3539:Veria 3460:Banat 3444:Lugoj 3343:Czech 3334:Hațeg 3317:Banat 3223:, in 3202:) in 3192:) in 3062:Vlasi 3008:King 2950:, in 2899:Zadar 2826:Várad 2819:Várad 2798:Várad 2702:Várad 2698:Várad 2691:Banat 2681:Saxon 2576:ispan 2506:Radul 2486:King 2479:near 2157:King 2119:Hateg 2025:Saxon 1965:Vidin 1918:Gelou 1904:Gesta 1821:Slavs 1691:Drina 1640:Avars 1616:Sofia 1614:from 1597:Sofia 1580:, in 1348:Leshi 1332:Slavs 1258:Cuman 1224:with 1194:Serbs 1157:Bessi 1112:Arabs 1097:Axios 1083:Ohrid 1007:Volga 814:Vlasi 806:Vlach 786:Vlaji 705:Greek 676:form 669:rëmër 663:rëmen 635:rãmãn 632:) or 619:armãn 614:Roman 603:român 597:rumân 527:used 486:laško 479:Laško 463:Vlasi 459:Vlach 435:olasz 411:Wales 407:olasz 395:Voloh 393:) or 390:Vlasi 372:vllah 345:walhs 343:* 341:, as 337:, in 335:Latin 327:Greek 311:Latin 269:Voloh 261:Valah 249:Vlach 81:Vlach 66:] 7969:ISBN 7913:ISSN 7903:ISBN 7874:ISBN 7843:ISBN 7826:ISBN 7769:2023 7739:2023 7541:ISBN 7482:ISBN 7459:2023 7391:ISBN 7368:2023 7314:link 7294:ISBN 7260:ISBN 7239:2023 7212:2023 7185:2023 7155:2023 7128:2023 7085:2023 6995:2023 6883:ISSN 6852:ISBN 6791:ISBN 6765:2023 6739:2023 6692:2023 6626:2023 6531:ISBN 6470:ISBN 6425:2023 6399:2023 6373:2023 6347:2023 6321:2023 6273:2023 6195:2023 6142:ISBN 6119:help 6100:help 5998:ISBN 5969:ISBN 5941:ISBN 5868:ISBN 5721:ISSN 5692:ISBN 5598:link 5578:ISBN 5467:ISBN 5399:2023 5353:ISSN 5343:ISBN 5308:ISBN 5283:ISBN 5108:(9). 5024:ISBN 4932:ISBN 4907:ISBN 4843:Ibid 4813:ISBN 4730:link 4635:ISBN 4608:ISBN 4584:2023 4538:2023 4492:help 4434:OCLC 4424:ISBN 4358:2024 4310:ISBN 4270:ISBN 4234:2023 4202:ISBN 4183:2023 4175:Fran 4157:2023 4149:Fran 4131:2023 4105:2023 4080:2023 4054:2023 4028:2023 4002:2023 3970:ISBN 3921:ISBN 3898:2008 3866:ISBN 3760:ISBN 3710:2018 3684:2018 3601:Oláh 3409:and 3332:and 3259:and 3245:and 3225:Lika 3214:and 3095:and 3028:Rome 2930:salt 2920:and 2848:Knin 2836:and 2752:and 2750:Lika 2734:and 2709:Balc 2610:and 2608:Knin 2602:and 2315:and 2313:Rome 2296:and 2256:and 2238:Huns 2128:and 2102:and 2100:John 2046:''. 1983:Žiča 1979:Peći 1977:and 1955:and 1935:and 1827:and 1815:the 1672:The 1544:Asen 1530:and 1366:the 1317:The 1212:and 1190:Sava 923:and 865:The 810:Vlah 777:Vlaj 773:Vlah 709:Serb 707:", " 686:Vlaš 666:and 565:oláh 529:Blos 439:Lahi 413:and 405:and 403:oláh 381:Vlah 321:and 285:Ulah 281:Vlas 277:oláh 273:Blac 257:Vlah 229:and 7817:on. 6058:". 5796:doi 4565:doi 3839:." 3818:). 3179:in 3127:or 3064:or 2964:". 2928:of 2916:in 2796:of 2785:in 2494:". 2470:Krk 2342:to 2150:of 2110:of 2098:of 1981:to 1963:of 1895:as 1855:in 1808:of 1654:". 1618:to 1603:." 1290:to 1216:. 1155:or 1073:or 1049:or 781:pl. 682:pl. 678:Vla 640:pl. 624:pl. 600:or 559:or 401:as 385:pl. 379:as 366:), 356:or 325:'s 309:'s 112:or 8070:: 7953:, 7911:. 7861:. 7810:21 7808:: 7706:, 7693:, 7564:^ 7450:. 7359:. 7331:. 7310:}} 7306:{{ 7247:^ 7229:. 7202:. 7175:. 7163:^ 7145:. 7119:. 7075:. 7003:^ 6986:. 6974:^ 6913:^ 6895:^ 6846:. 6773:^ 6756:. 6729:. 6700:^ 6682:. 6643:^ 6616:. 6587:^ 6553:. 6501:^ 6451:23 6449:. 6445:. 6433:^ 6415:. 6389:. 6363:. 6337:. 6311:. 6281:^ 6263:. 6203:^ 6186:. 6136:. 6071:^ 6064:14 5992:. 5955:^ 5935:. 5862:, 5802:. 5792:87 5790:. 5786:. 5733:^ 5715:. 5690:. 5686:. 5665:. 5635:^ 5614:. 5594:}} 5590:{{ 5526:^ 5442:. 5389:. 5351:. 5302:. 5270:^ 5234:^ 5189:^ 5179:. 5151:. 5131:^ 5114:^ 5100:. 5080:^ 5068:^ 5006:^ 4893:^ 4866:^ 4765:^ 4726:}} 4722:{{ 4679:^ 4571:. 4561:93 4559:. 4555:. 4524:. 4512:^ 4459:. 4432:. 4401:. 4397:. 4375:. 4348:. 4225:. 4173:. 4147:. 4121:. 4096:. 4070:. 4044:. 3992:. 3935:^ 3900:. 3889:. 3848:^ 3793:^ 3774:^ 3744:^ 3718:^ 3700:. 3660:^ 3485:A 3468:c. 3466:, 3345:: 3255:, 3241:, 3210:, 3206:, 3143:– 3016:. 2975:. 2939:, 2840:. 2760:. 2745:. 2730:, 2693:. 2686:" 2666:. 2557:. 2512:. 2465:. 2447:CE 2442:c. 2440:– 2398:. 2331:. 2057:. 2034:, 1996:. 1951:– 1943:, 1823:, 1761:. 1742:. 1731:. 1697:. 1669:. 1633:c. 1584:. 1558:. 1550:, 1454:. 1394:. 1325:c. 1294:. 1208:, 1162:A 1118:. 1099:. 1061:. 1009:. 983:. 851:, 823:, 684:: 642:: 626:: 543:. 492:. 481:, 465:, 425:: 397:, 375:, 329:: 317:, 313:: 283:, 279:, 275:, 271:, 267:, 263:, 259:, 233:. 193:, 185:, 170:. 102:ɑː 76:") 64:fr 41:, 7975:. 7964:. 7919:. 7882:. 7851:. 7771:. 7741:. 7549:. 7490:. 7461:. 7399:. 7370:. 7316:) 7302:. 7241:. 7214:. 7187:. 7157:. 7130:. 7087:. 7060:. 6997:. 6889:. 6860:. 6799:. 6767:. 6741:. 6694:. 6628:. 6478:. 6427:. 6401:. 6375:. 6349:. 6323:. 6275:. 6197:. 6150:. 6121:) 6102:) 6006:. 5977:. 5949:. 5810:. 5798:: 5727:. 5700:. 5618:. 5600:) 5586:. 5473:. 5415:. 5401:. 5359:. 5316:. 5106:3 5032:. 4940:. 4915:. 4821:. 4732:) 4631:" 4616:. 4586:. 4567:: 4540:. 4507:. 4494:) 4488:. 4440:. 4403:2 4360:. 4318:. 4278:. 4236:. 4210:. 4185:. 4159:. 4133:. 4107:. 4082:. 4056:. 4030:. 4004:. 3978:. 3929:. 3874:. 3768:. 3712:. 3686:. 3473:) 3462:( 3357:. 3341:( 3300:) 3227:- 3085:( 1835:( 779:( 680:( 638:( 622:( 563:( 445:( 383:( 360:( 305:( 296:* 251:/ 134:/ 131:k 128:æ 125:l 122:v 119:ˈ 116:/ 108:/ 105:x 99:l 96:v 93:ˈ 90:/ 83:( 49:. 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index