45:
54:
1486:
65:
401:
74:
681:
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105:
94:
712:
966:
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114:
693:
487:
85:
1283:
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top surface so that they have a uniform thickness. Other natural stone tiles such as slate are typically "riven" (split) on the top surface so that the thickness of the tile varies slightly from one spot on the tile to another and from one tile to another. Variations in tile thickness can be handled by adjusting the amount of mortar under each part of the tile, by using wide grout lines that "ramp" between different thicknesses, or by using a cold chisel to knock off high spots.
1237:
1275:
1057:
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1045:
211:
1134:
1146:
1567:
1298:
876:
437:
335:. Here the scarcity of stone may have been an incentive to develop the technology of making kiln-fired bricks to use as an alternative. To strengthen walls made from sun-dried bricks, fired bricks began to be used as an outer protective skin for more important buildings like temples, palaces, city walls, and gates. Making fired bricks is an advanced pottery technique. Fired bricks are solid masses of
1264:
786:
2144:
1245:
1008:
1253:
1368:
Rubber floor tiles have a variety of uses, both in residential and commercial settings. They are especially useful in situations where it is desired to have high-traction floors or protection for an easily breakable floor. Some common uses include flooring of garage, workshops, patios, swimming pool
1336:
Natural stone tiles can be beautiful but as a natural product they are less uniform in color and pattern, and require more planning for use and installation. Mass-produced stone tiles are uniform in width and length. Granite or marble tiles are sawn on both sides and then polished or finished on the
1348:
of natural stone tiles varies such that some of the softer stone (e.g. limestone) tiles are not suitable for very heavy-traffic floor areas. On the other hand, ceramic tiles typically have a glazed upper surface and when that becomes scratched or pitted the floor looks worn, whereas the same amount
1340:
Some stone tiles such as polished granite, marble, and travertine are very slippery when wet. Stone tiles with a riven surface such as slate or with a sawn and then sandblasted or honed surface will be more slip-resistant. Ceramic tiles for use in wet areas can be made more slip-resistant by using
1497:
Similar to mosaics or other patterned tiles, pebble tiles are tiles made up of small pebbles attached to a backing. The tile is generally designed in an interlocking pattern so that final installations fit of multiple tiles fit together to have a seamless appearance. A relatively new tile design,
1372:
Plastic floor tiles including interlocking floor tiles that can be installed without adhesive or glue are a recent innovation and are suitable for areas subject to heavy traffic, wet areas and floors that are subject to movement, damp or contamination from oil, grease or other substances that may
1352:
Natural stone tiles can be stained by spilled liquids; they must be sealed and periodically resealed with a sealant in contrast to ceramic tiles which only need their grout lines sealed. However, because of the complex, nonrepeating patterns in natural stone, small amounts of dirt on many natural
1207:
Clay roof tiles historically gained their color purely from the clay that they were composed of, resulting in largely red, orange, and tan colored roofs. Over time some cultures, notably in Asia, began to apply glazes to clay tiles, achieving a wide variety of colors and combinations. Modern clay
1391:
Mineral fiber tiles are fabricated from a range of products; wet felt tiles can be manufactured from perlite, mineral wool, and fibers from recycled paper; stone wool tiles are created by combining molten stone and binders which is then spun to create the tile; gypsum tiles are based on the soft
1534:
programs. Specialized custom-tile printing techniques permit transfer under heat and pressure or the use of high temperature kilns to fuse the picture to the tile substrate. This has become a method of producing custom tile murals for kitchens, showers, and commercial decoration in restaurants,
1118:
In 17th CE during the colonialization of Spain in the
Philippines, they introduced the Baldozas Mosaicos to describe the Mediterranean cement tiles, but they are now more commonly referred to as Machuca tiles during the 19th CE, named after Don Pepe, the son of the renowned producer of Baldozas
991:
wall tiles, typically with a painted design covering only one (rather small) blue and white tile, were ubiquitous in
Holland and widely exported over Northern Europe from the 16th century on, replacing many local industries. Several 18th century royal palaces had porcelain rooms with the walls
509:
technique, single-color tiles were cut into small geometric pieces and assembled by pouring liquid plaster between them. After hardening, these panels were assembled on the walls of buildings. But the mosaic was not limited to flat areas. Tiles were used to cover both the interior and exterior
1364:
Most vendors of stone tiles emphasize that there will be variation in color and pattern from one batch of tiles to another of the same description and variation within the same batch. Stone floor tiles tend to be heavier than ceramic tiles and somewhat more prone to breakage during shipment.
1398:
Ceiling tiles also provide a barrier to the spread of smoke and fire. Breaking, displacing, or removing ceiling tiles enables hot gases and smoke from a fire to rise and accumulate above detectors and sprinklers. Doing so delays their activation, enabling fires to grow more rapidly.
1356:
The tendency of floor tiles to stain depends not only on a sealant being applied, and periodically reapplied, but also on their porosity or how porous the stone is. Slate is an example of a less porous stone while limestone is an example of a more porous stone. Different
1461:
standard C242 as a ceramic mosaic tile or paver that is generally made by dust-pressing and of a composition yielding a tile that is dense, fine-grained, and smooth, with sharply-formed face, usually impervious. The colours of such tiles are generally clear and bright.
1026:. Patterned tiles, or tiles making up patterns, were now mass-produced by machine and reliably level for floors and cheap to produce, especially for churches, schools and public buildings, but also for domestic hallways and bathrooms. For many uses the tougher
1387:
Ceiling tiles are lightweight tiles used inside buildings. They are placed in an aluminium grid; they provide little thermal insulation but are generally designed either to improve the acoustics of a room or to reduce the volume of air being heated or cooled.
772:
uses small colored tiles of various shapes to make very complex geometric patterns. It is halfway to mosaic, but as the different shapes must be fitted precisely together, it falls under tiling. The use of small coloured glass fields also make it rather like
1221:
576:(seven colors) technique. Pictures were painted on plain rectangle tiles, glazed and fired afterwards. Besides economic reasons, the seven colors method gave more freedom to artists and was less time-consuming. It was popular until the
564:
tiles in the world. A wide variety of tiles had to be manufactured in order to cover complex forms of the hall with consistent mosaic patterns. The result was a technological triumph as well as a dazzling display of abstract ornament.
1406:
houses, were made of terracotta and were placed on top of the wooden ceiling beams and upon those were placed the roof tiles. They were then plastered or painted, but nowadays are usually left bare for decorative purposes.
143:. They are generally fixed in place in an array to cover roofs, floors, walls, edges, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as
194:
and other composite materials, and stone. Tiling stone is typically marble, onyx, granite or slate. Thinner tiles can be used on walls than on floors, which require more durable surfaces that will resist impacts.
922:
370:, using smoothed and polished stone laid on floors and in swimming pools. The techniques and tools for tiling is advanced, evidenced by the fine workmanship and close fit of the tiles. Such tiling can be seen in
872:
were made of multiple colours of clay, shaped and baked together to form a pattern that, rather than sitting on the surface, ran right through the thickness of the tile, and thus would not wear away.
793:
Medieval Europe made considerable use of painted tiles, sometimes producing very elaborate schemes, of which few have survived. Religious and secular stories were depicted. The imaginary tiles with
1976:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1498:
pebble tiles were originally developed in
Indonesia using pebbles found in various locations in the country. Today, pebble tiles feature all types of stones and pebbles from around the world.
1228:
44:
1341:
very small tiles so that the grout lines acts as grooves, by imprinting a contour pattern onto the face of the tile, or by adding a non-slip material, such as sand, to the glazed surface.
343:, and a well-made fired brick is an extremely durable object. Like sun-dried bricks, they were made in wooden molds but for bricks with relief decorations, special molds had to be made.
155:, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. In another sense, a tile is a construction tile or similar object, such as rectangular counters used in playing games (see
53:
1225:
1932:
1951:
1212:. Contrary to popular belief a glaze does not weatherproof a tile, the porosity of the clay body is what determines how well a tile will survive harsh weather conditions.
680:
692:
1201:
711:
904:, and the name is likewise derived. The term is both a simple Portuguese and Spanish term for zellige, and a term for later tilework following the tradition. Some
392:. Sigiriya also had an elaborate gatehouse made of timber and brick masonry with multiple tiled roofs. The massive timber doorposts remaining today indicate this.
2224:
949:
1030:
was used. Wall tiles in various styles also revived; the rise of the bathroom contributing greatly to this, as well as greater appreciation of the benefit of
2084:
1485:
1968:
645:
535:, being the focal points of mosques, were usually the places where most sophisticated tilework was placed. The 14th-century mihrab at Madrasa Imami in
1777:
1395:
Ceiling tiles very often have patterns on the front face; these are there in most circumstances to aid with the tiles ability to improve acoustics.
1313:
for floors as well. Ceramic tiles may be painted and glazed. Small mosaic tiles may be laid in various patterns. Floor tiles are typically set into
1514:
and ceramic inks and toners permit printing on a variety of tile types yielding photographic-quality reproduction. Using digital image capture via
64:
1224:
388:(3rd century BCE) had copper roof tiles. The roofs were tiled, with red, white, yellow, turquoise and brown tiles. There were also tiles made of
558:
in
Isfahan, from the 17th century. Its dome is a prime example of tile mosaic and its winter praying hall houses one of the finest ensembles of
2105:
2138:
1914:
2076:
2002:
965:
802:
400:
263:
There are several other types of traditional tiles that remain in manufacture, for example the small, almost mosaic, brightly colored
1839:
1809:
1687:
1669:
1477:
defines as "a ceramic tile that has 'a water absorption of 0.5%' or less.” It is made generally by the pressed or extruded method."
668:
1929:
1885:
1948:
1373:
prevent adhesion to the substrate. Common uses include old factory floors, garages, gyms and sports complexes, schools and shops.
908:
are small-scale geometric patterns or vegetative motifs, some are blue monochrome and highly pictorial, and some are neither. The
2130:
Environmentally
Friendly Cities: Proceedings of Plea 1998, Passive and Low Energy Architecture, 1998, Lisbon, Portugal, June 1998
351:
Rooms with tiled floors made of clay decorated with geometric circular patterns have been discovered from the ancient remains of
2254:
1829:
2024:
1664:
Michel
Kornmann and CTTB, "Clay bricks and roof tiles, manufacturing and properties", Soc. Industrie Minerale, Paris (2007)
1657:
William
Rostoker; Elizabeth Gebhard, "The Reproduction of Rooftiles for the Archaic Temple of Poseidon at Isthmia, Greece,"
480:
818:, possibly for a wall rather than a floor, while their 13th century "Chertsey Tiles", though from an abbey, show scenes of
2057:
1506:
Printing techniques and digital manipulation of art and photography are used in what is known as "custom tile printing".
479:(AD 1122), Dome of Maraqeh (AD 1147) and the Jame Mosque of Gonabad (1212 AD) are among the finest examples. The dome of
1629:
1208:
roof tiles typically source their color from kiln firing conditions, the application of glaze, or the use of a ceramic
428:
used tiles patterned with geometric designs, flowers, plants, birds and human beings, glazed up to a centimeter thick.
73:
2292:
2216:
1093:
506:
104:
1607:
1109:
1065:
1041:
Since the
Victorian period tiles have remained standard for kitchens and bathrooms, and many types of public area.
241:, each of a single color, usually of glass or sometimes ceramic or stone. There are various tile patterns, such as
1538:
Recent technology applied to
Digital ceramic and porcelain printers allow images to be printed with a wider color
580:, when the palette of colors was extended by yellow and orange. The seven colors of Haft Rang tiles were usually
1855:
93:
2322:
1554:
A method for custom tile printing involving a diamond-tipped drill controlled by a computer. Compared with the
1023:
1001:
936:
467:, made of glazed brick. Typical, turquoise, tiling becomes popular in 10th-11th century and is used mostly for
405:
190:
for internal uses and unglazed for roofing, but other materials are also commonly used, such as glass, cork,
2194:
2168:
1507:
1490:
1257:
472:
178:
Tiles are often used to form wall and floor coverings, and can range from simple square tiles to complex or
928:
1769:
997:
635:
mausoleums were heavily decorated with large brightly colored patterns, typically with floral motifs, and
1473:
with water absorption less than or equal to 0.5%, belonging to groups AIa and BIa (of ISO 13006).". The
827:
819:
814:
555:
486:
441:
31:
1089:. In 2010, around 5,000,000 m (54,000,000 sq ft) of Barcelona streets were panot-tiled.
976:
1361:
and marbles have different porosities with the less porous ones being more valued and more expensive.
721:
84:
2317:
1150:
993:
932:
879:
1236:
113:
2332:
2287:
2097:
1403:
1274:
1056:
956:
540:
519:
511:
289:, dated to the 13th century BC. Glazed and colored bricks were used to make low reliefs in Ancient
242:
1282:
639:
of astonishing complexity, including floral motifs and calligraphy as well as geometric patterns.
131:
are usually thin, square or rectangular coverings manufactured from hard-wearing material such as
2307:
210:
1998:
1606:. Geometric patterns of some Islamic polychrome decorative tilings are rather complicated (see
912:
period produced extremely large painted scenes on tiles, usually in blue and white, for walls.
841:
Medieval influences between Middle
Eastern tilework and tilework in Europe were mainly through
2297:
2134:
2128:
1910:
1835:
1805:
1712:
1665:
1647:
1133:
1035:
1011:
835:
754:
593:
413:
1882:
1314:
846:
616:
515:
417:
363:
282:
1044:
1038:
was the leading English designer working in tiles, strongly influenced by Islamic designs.
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1955:
1936:
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1692:
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1209:
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425:
160:
156:
1759:'World Production And Consumption Of Ceramic Tiles.' Ceramic World Review no. 138. Pg. 40
1329:
additive. The spaces between the tiles are commonly filled with sanded or unsanded floor
1200:
tiles utilize interlocking systems that can be self-supporting. Tiles typically cover an
737:
in central Asia (16th-17th century) also exhibit very sophisticated floral ornaments. In
2312:
1799:
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1717:
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1511:
1470:
1452:
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624:
569:
547:, framing the mihrab's niche, bears an inscription in Kufic script used in 9th-century
502:
313:
312:, with sections elsewhere. Mesopotamian craftsmen were imported for the palaces of the
252:
168:
136:
1566:
1297:
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2246:
1531:
1515:
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992:
entirely covered in porcelain in tiles or panels. Surviving examples include ones at
861:
794:
758:
605:
577:
375:
371:
286:
187:
2058:"Ceramics for Exterior Applications & A Discussion of Heat Transfer and Storage"
1727:
1603:
1591:
1579:
1410:
Modern-day tile ceilings may be flush mounted (nail up or glue up) or installed as
1382:
875:
865:
831:
798:
769:
495:
436:
384:
379:
198:
Global production of ceramic tiles, excluding roof tiles, was estimated to be 12.7
152:
1112:, decorated tiles or glazed bricks do not feature largely in East Asian ceramics.
1674:
1722:
1702:
1611:
1428:
1263:
1082:
1061:
883:
785:
589:
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324:
294:
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214:
281:
The earliest evidence of glazed brick is the discovery of glazed bricks in the
1589:, can be replicated to cover a surface with no gaps. These shapes are said to
1440:
1310:
1145:
1128:
1100:
tilework today, with tiles used to decorate buildings, ships, and even rocks.
842:
774:
738:
703:
612:
352:
317:
1018:
The Victorian period saw a great revival in tilework, largely as part of the
2157:
Dictionary of Ceramics. A.Dodd. Institute of Materials/Pergamon Press. 1994.
1586:
1436:
1432:
1309:
or stone, although recent technological advances have resulted in rubber or
1086:
988:
757:
in Lahore stands out as one of the masterpieces of Kashi time work from the
510:
surfaces of domes. Prominent Timurid examples of this technique include the
464:
367:
332:
246:
2045:. Springfield, Ohio: Springfield Publishing Company. pp. 27–28, 93–94.
1244:
1007:
548:
1675:
E-book on the manufacture of roofing tiles in the United States from 1910.
1349:
of wear on natural stone tiles will not show, or will be less noticeable.
1575:
1345:
1178:
854:
656:
632:
615:
tradition continued and spread to much of the Islamic world, notably the
356:
238:
230:
218:
191:
323:
The use of sun-dried bricks or adobe was the main method of building in
17:
1571:
1358:
1306:
1252:
1182:
1069:
1049:
1031:
909:
896:
888:
823:
742:
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699:
536:
491:
476:
445:
404:
Relief made with glazed brick tiles, from the Achaemenid decoration of
340:
298:
270:
237:, where forms are made of great numbers of tiny irregularly positioned
222:
199:
183:
144:
132:
1169:, and are traditionally made from locally available materials such as
1014:, fantastic ducks on 6-inch tile with luster highlights, Fulham period
2073:
1707:
1290:
1268:
1189:
746:
725:
660:
636:
628:
620:
601:
532:
460:
389:
328:
309:
265:
234:
179:
1085: and the associated paving style, both found in
1732:
1596:
1558:, diamond etching is in almost every circumstance more permanent.
1539:
1484:
1392:
mineral and then finished with vinyl, paper or a decorative face.
1330:
1326:
1296:
1286:
1281:
1273:
1262:
1251:
1243:
1235:
1219:
1174:
1144:
1132:
1077:
1055:
1043:
1006:
981:
975:
874:
784:
750:
745:
tile work from Persia became a distinct feature of the shrines of
585:
581:
544:
485:
468:
435:
399:
209:
140:
1543:
1474:
1458:
1318:
1170:
1166:
1162:
554:
One of the best known architectural masterpieces of Iran is the
456:
449:
421:
336:
148:
1466:
597:
1157:
Roof tiles are overlapping tiles designed mainly to keep out
518:(AD 1418), the Madrassa of Khan in Shiraz (AD 1615), and the
627:
in the 16th and 17th centuries. Palaces, public buildings,
339:
heated in kilns to temperatures of between 950° and 1,150°
539:
is an outstanding example of aesthetic union between the
1640:
Marilyn Y. Goldberg, "Greek Temples and Chinese Roofs,"
1614:), even up to supposedly quaziperiodic ones, similar to
1119:
Mosaicos in the Philippines, Don Jose Machuca by Romero
416:
decorated buildings with glazed brick tiles, including
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1204:
system, which seals the roof against water intrusion.
808:
are an example. The 14th century "Tring tiles" in the
255:
which can range in size, shape, thickness, and color.
777:, but with ceramic rather than metal as the support.
698:
Phoenix on the portal of Nadir Divan-Beghi Madrasah,
686:
Window Apartments of the Crown Prince, Topkapi Palace
525:
Other important tile techniques of this time include
1654:, Vol. 59, No. 1. (Jan.–Mar. 1990), pp. 285–290
1177:. Later tiles have been made from materials such as
529:, with their characteristic white girih, or straps.
501:
The golden age of Persian tilework began during the
251:, basket weave, tiles Art, diagonal, chevron, and
2247:"Next Generation of the Digital Printing Process"
1661:, Vol. 8, No. 2. (Summer, 1981), pp. 211–227
1542:and greater color stability even when fired in a
935:covered with azulejos in carpet style (17th c.);
789:Medieval encaustic tiles at Cleeve Abbey, England
327:where river mud was found in abundance along the
1969:"La verdadera historia del 'panot' de Barcelona"
1907:Gardner's Art Through The Ages, A Global History
1644:, Vol. 87, No. 3. (Jul. 1983), pp. 305–310
1443:is a traditional material used for roof tiles.
916:were also used in Latin American architecture.
424:, and buildings at Persepolis. The succeeding
1650:, "Archaic Roof Tiles the First Generations,"
245:, staggered, offset, grid, stacked, pinwheel,
175:, meaning a roof tile composed of fired clay.
1469:13006 defines a "porcelain tile" as a "fully
1369:decks, sport courts, gyms, and dance floors.
1196:, but in some cases historic designs such as
362:Tiling was used in the second century by the
8:
2056:William Carty; Hyojin Lee (16 August 2017).
572:, mosaic ornaments were often replaced by a
2085:United States Congress Office of Compliance
1636:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
459:consist mainly of geometric decorations in
1883:Iran: Visual Arts: history of Iranian Tile
1831:The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives
1256:The elaborate floor pattern of the Sydney
1248:Section through a porcelain stoneware slab
1900:
1898:
1578:in Spain that attracted the attention of
27:Manufactured pieces for covering surfaces
1602:, 'tile') and such a tiling is called a
1585:Certain shapes of tiles, most obviously
1565:
2127:Maldonado, Eduardo (19 November 2014).
1752:
918:
641:
206:Decorative tile work and colored brick
1628:Carboni, S. & Masuya, T. (1993).
1574:tessellations of glazed tiles at the
1333:, but traditionally mortar was used.
7:
2217:"Inkjet Decoration of Ceramic Tiles"
1804:. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. 1926.
1427:Ceramic materials for tiles include
1240:Cross section of an earthenware tile
984:blue and white tile with sea monster
2257:from the original on 8 January 2022
2005:from the original on 9 January 2017
1999:"Trafaria Praia: On the Waterfront"
1267:Floor tile in Karpas, northeastern
741:monuments and shrines adorned with
2193:Kelechava, Brad (8 January 2018).
2108:from the original on 27 March 2021
2041:Worcester, Wolsey Garnett (1910).
2025:"Shingle Tile Installation Manual"
1780:from the original on 15 April 2021
1457:This is a US term, and defined in
1137:Roofs with "beaver tail" tiles in
494:. First half of the 15th century,
25:
1909:. Cengage Learning. p. 357.
1688:Building integrated photovoltaics
1402:Ceiling tiles, especially in old
2227:from the original on 8 June 2010
2195:"The Eminence of Porcelain Tile"
2147:from the original on 6 May 2018.
1979:from the original on 28 May 2023
1975:(in Spanish). 11 February 2018.
964:
948:
921:
710:
691:
679:
667:
644:
159:). The word is derived from the
112:
103:
92:
83:
72:
63:
52:
43:
2043:The Manufacture of Roofing Tile
1642:American Journal of Archaeology
1535:hotels, and corporate lobbies.
1353:stone floor tiles do not show.
812:show childhood scenes from the
674:Enderun library, Topkapi Palace
308:), now partly reconstructed in
273:and the surrounding countries.
182:. Tiles are most often made of
860:are said to have inspired the
483:is also dated to this period.
471:inscriptions on mosque walls.
167:, which is, in turn, from the
1:
1188:Roof tiles can be affixed by
1108:With exceptions, notably the
797:scenes shown on the floor in
302:
233:should be distinguished from
139:, metal, baked clay, or even
2063:. Boston Valley Terra Cotta.
1659:Journal of Field Archaeology
1570:The elaborate and colourful
1096:continue their tradition of
2030:. Ludowici Roof Tile. 2022.
1305:These are commonly made of
1278:6"Ă—6" porcelain floor tiles
826:in very high-quality work.
543:and abstract ornament. The
481:Jame' Atiq Mosque of Qazvin
347:Ancient Indian subcontinent
2349:
1608:Islamic geometric patterns
1530:images can be prepared in
1450:
1380:
1126:
1110:Porcelain Tower of Nanjing
1081:is a type of outdoor
1066:Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
971:Azulejo scenes in Portugal
541:Islamic calligrapher's art
29:
937:Museu da Reinha D. Leonor
490:Timurid turquoise-glazed
455:Early Islamic mosaics in
122:Various examples of tiles
1905:Fred S. Kleiner (2008).
1888:24 November 2010 at the
1508:Dye sublimation printers
1068:covered with tiles from
1024:Arts and Crafts Movement
1002:Royal Palace of Aranjuez
406:Palace of Darius in Susa
2169:"A world of difference"
1954:18 October 2015 at the
1935:18 October 2015 at the
1828:McIntosh, Jane (2008).
1491:Jameh Mosque of Isfahan
1418:Materials and processes
1258:Queen Victoria Building
959:, depicted in azulejos.
229:Decorative tilework or
2074:Missing Ceiling Tiles.
1892:, Iran Chamber Society
1770:"Ceramic Tile History"
1582:
1532:photo editing software
1494:
1302:
1294:
1279:
1271:
1260:
1249:
1241:
1233:
1154:
1142:
1073:
1053:
1015:
998:Royal Palace of Madrid
985:
892:
790:
498:
452:
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2079:16 April 2021 at the
1776:. 15 September 2020.
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1562:Mathematics of tiling
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1301:Cracked tile flooring
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929:Quadra (architecture)
886:, 18th century, with
878:
828:Medieval letter tiles
820:Richard the Lionheart
788:
733:Islamic buildings in
489:
439:
403:
248:parquet de Versailles
213:
32:Tile (disambiguation)
2102:Science Learning Hub
2098:"What are ceramics?"
1774:Traditional Building
1610:and, in particular,
1151:University of Bremen
1149:Tile mosaics at the
933:St. John the Baptist
880:Casa de los Azulejos
830:were used to create
768:tradition of Arabic
293:, most famously the
30:For other uses, see
1546:up to 2200 °F
1232:Making mosaic tiles
512:Jame Mosque of Yazd
382:. The nine-storied
277:Ancient Middle East
2293:Building materials
2083:Washington, D.C.:
2001:. 23 August 2013.
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2140:978-1-134-25622-8
2104:. 27 April 2010.
1916:978-0-495-41059-1
1863:, 18 October 2005
1816:kalibangan tiles.
1713:Mathematical tile
1289:with stone tile,
1229:
1036:William De Morgan
1012:William de Morgan
900:are derived from
755:Wazir Khan Mosque
414:Achaemenid Empire
366:kings of ancient
16:(Redirected from
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1064:kiosk (1923) in
968:
957:Battle of Buçaco
952:
925:
834:inscriptions on
722:Palace El-Hedine
720:tilework in the
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516:Goharshad Mosque
514:(AD 1324–1365),
418:Darius the Great
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1698:Dropped ceiling
1693:Dimension stone
1683:
1627:
1624:
1622:Further reading
1616:Penrose tilings
1564:
1552:
1520:digital cameras
1512:inkjet printers
1504:
1502:Digital printed
1483:
1455:
1449:
1447:Porcelain tiles
1425:
1420:
1385:
1379:
1323:Portland cement
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1106:
1022:, but also the
1000:and the nearby
972:
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944:
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870:encaustic tiles
851:Ottoman Empires
783:
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426:Sassanid Empire
398:
378:in the city of
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2119:
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2016:
1990:
1960:
1949:Chertsey Tiles
1941:
1939:British Museum
1922:
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1810:
1801:Indian History
1791:
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1743:
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1738:Vitrified tile
1735:
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1718:Porcelain tile
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1648:Ă–rjan Wikander
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1551:
1550:Diamond etched
1548:
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1500:
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1471:vitrified tile
1453:Porcelain tile
1451:Main article:
1448:
1445:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1381:Main article:
1378:
1375:
1317:consisting of
1217:
1214:
1127:Main article:
1124:
1121:
1105:
1102:
1028:encaustic tile
1020:Gothic Revival
996:, Naples, the
974:
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970:
963:
961:
954:
947:
945:
941:Beja, Portugal
927:
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843:Islamic Iberia
822:battling with
815:Life of Christ
810:British Museum
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653:Topkapi Palace
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625:Ottoman Empire
570:Safavid period
503:Timurid Empire
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314:Persian Empire
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2133:. Routledge.
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1670:2-9517765-6-X
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1632:Persian tiles
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1404:Mediterranean
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1377:Ceiling tiles
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1159:precipitation
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1092:Portugal and
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1079:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1052:, Netherlands
1051:
1046:
1042:
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1037:
1034:in kitchens.
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980:17th century
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862:tessellations
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829:
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821:
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811:
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806:in Washington
805:
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795:Old Testament
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759:Mughal period
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617:Ä°znik pottery
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520:Molana Mosque
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473:Seyyed Mosque
470:
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431:
429:
427:
423:
420:'s palace at
419:
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386:
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377:
376:Kuttam Pokuna
373:
372:Ruwanwelisaya
369:
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359:and Ahladino
358:
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306: 575 BC
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287:Chogha Zanbil
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66:
55:
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37:
33:
19:
2259:. Retrieved
2250:
2241:
2229:. Retrieved
2220:
2211:
2199:. Retrieved
2188:
2176:. Retrieved
2162:
2153:
2129:
2122:
2110:. Retrieved
2101:
2092:
2069:
2051:
2042:
2036:
2019:
2007:. Retrieved
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1972:
1963:
1944:
1925:
1906:
1856:
1850:
1834:. ABC-CLIO.
1830:
1823:
1815:
1800:
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1773:
1764:
1755:
1728:Roof shingle
1658:
1651:
1641:
1633:
1630:
1604:tessellation
1599:
1590:
1584:
1580:M. C. Escher
1553:
1537:
1505:
1496:
1489:Tilework in
1464:
1456:
1426:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1383:Ceiling tile
1371:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1325:and often a
1304:
1206:
1202:underlayment
1197:
1187:
1156:
1117:
1115:Philippines
1114:
1107:
1097:
1091:
1076:
1075:
1040:
1017:
987:
913:
905:
901:
895:
894:
887:
868:. Medieval
866:M. C. Escher
857:
840:
813:
804:Annunciation
803:
799:Jan van Eyck
792:
770:North Africa
765:
763:
732:
717:
651:Tile in the
610:
578:Qajar period
573:
567:
559:
553:
545:pointed arch
531:
524:
500:
496:Shah-i-Zinda
454:
411:
396:Ancient Iran
385:Lovamahapaya
383:
380:Anuradhapura
361:
350:
322:
280:
264:
262:
247:
228:
197:
186:, typically
177:
172:
164:
153:mineral wool
128:
127:
36:
2318:Ceramic art
1930:Tring Tiles
1723:Quarry tile
1612:Girih tiles
1429:earthenware
1311:glass tiles
1216:Floor tiles
1139:DinkelsbĂĽhl
1083:cement tile
1062:Art Nouveau
994:Capodimonte
884:Mexico City
590:ultramarine
568:During the
561:cuerda seca
556:Shah Mosque
527:girih tiles
522:(AD 1444).
442:Shah Mosque
325:Mesopotamia
295:Ishtar Gate
291:Mesopotamia
243:herringbone
215:Art Nouveau
202:m in 2019.
2333:Terracotta
2288:Roof tiles
2277:Categories
2201:13 January
2178:13 January
1857:The Island
1747:References
1733:Tile mural
1703:Glass tile
1595:(from the
1592:tessellate
1587:rectangles
1441:Terracotta
1198:Marseilles
1153:, Germany.
1129:Roof tiles
1123:Roof tiles
775:enamelling
739:South Asia
704:Uzbekistan
623:under the
613:Persianate
465:mausoleums
353:Kalibangan
318:Persepolis
285:Temple at
2308:Pavements
2261:7 January
2009:18 August
1437:porcelain
1433:stoneware
1293:, US 1960
1141:, Germany
1087:Barcelona
989:Delftware
847:Byzantine
832:Christian
728:, Morocco
594:turquoise
574:haft rang
505:. In the
368:Sri Lanka
364:Sinhalese
333:Euphrates
269:tiles of
253:encaustic
217:tiles in
2298:Ceilings
2255:Archived
2225:Archived
2145:Archived
2112:29 March
2106:Archived
2077:Archived
2003:Archived
1977:Archived
1952:Archived
1933:Archived
1886:Archived
1784:29 March
1778:Archived
1681:See also
1652:Hesperia
1600:tessella
1576:Alhambra
1516:scanning
1359:granites
1346:hardness
1179:concrete
1161:such as
1104:Far East
1094:SĂŁo LuĂs
1072:, Spain.
914:Azulejos
906:azujelos
897:Azulejos
889:azulejos
855:Alhambra
845:and the
838:floors.
801:'s 1434
657:Istanbul
316:such as
239:tesserae
231:tile art
219:Brussels
192:concrete
18:Hip-tile
2231:28 July
2087:, 2008.
1572:zellige
1423:Ceramic
1307:ceramic
1183:plastic
1098:azulejo
1070:Manises
1060:A late
1050:Utrecht
1032:hygiene
910:Baroque
858:zellige
824:Saladin
766:zellige
735:Bukhara
700:Bukhara
637:friezes
629:mosques
537:Isfahan
533:Mihrabs
492:muqarna
477:Isfahan
461:mosques
446:Isfahan
432:Islamic
357:Balakot
299:Babylon
283:Elamite
271:Morocco
259:History
223:Belgium
200:billion
184:ceramic
180:mosaics
145:perlite
133:ceramic
2328:Mosaic
2303:Floors
2283:Tiling
2197:. ANSI
2174:. TCNA
2137:
1983:27 May
1913:
1838:
1808:
1708:Marble
1668:
1528:raster
1524:bitmap
1493:, Iran
1481:Pebble
1315:mortar
1291:Hawaii
1269:Cyprus
1210:engobe
1190:screws
1181:, and
902:zellij
853:. The
836:church
781:Europe
753:. The
747:Multan
726:Meknes
718:Zellij
661:Turkey
621:Turkey
602:yellow
549:Qur'an
390:bronze
329:Tigris
310:Berlin
266:zellij
235:mosaic
188:glazed
173:tegula
161:French
151:, and
2313:Roofs
2172:(PDF)
2061:(PDF)
2028:(PDF)
1861:(PDF)
1597:Latin
1540:gamut
1331:grout
1327:latex
1287:Patio
1194:nails
1175:slate
1078:Panot
982:Delft
751:Sindh
743:Kashi
633:tĂĽrbe
586:white
582:black
507:moraq
469:Kufic
171:word
169:Latin
165:tuile
163:word
141:glass
137:stone
129:Tiles
2263:2022
2233:2010
2203:2024
2180:2024
2135:ISBN
2114:2021
2011:2016
1985:2023
1911:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1806:ISBN
1786:2021
1666:ISBN
1544:kiln
1475:ANSI
1465:The
1459:ASTM
1435:and
1344:The
1319:sand
1171:clay
1167:snow
1163:rain
955:The
849:and
764:The
749:and
631:and
611:The
606:fawn
604:and
463:and
457:Iran
450:Iran
440:The
422:Susa
412:The
374:and
337:clay
331:and
149:wood
1518:or
1467:ISO
1192:or
1173:or
1165:or
931:of
864:of
619:of
598:red
475:in
444:in
297:of
2279::
2253:.
2249:.
2223:.
2219:.
2143:.
2100:.
1971:.
1897:^
1869:^
1814:.
1772:.
1618:.
1522:,
1510:,
1439:.
1431:,
1414:.
1321:,
1185:.
1004:.
939:;
882:,
761:.
724:,
702:,
659:,
655:,
608:.
600:,
596:,
592:,
588:,
584:,
551:.
448:,
355:,
320:.
303:c.
147:,
135:,
2265:.
2235:.
2205:.
2182:.
2116:.
2013:.
1987:.
1919:.
1844:.
1788:.
1526:/
943:.
408:.
341:C
301:(
225:)
221:(
34:.
20:)
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