31:
53:
3443:
2875:
320:
and extra-Andean by comparison to the Andean clade which is predominantly tetraploid, and contain those genera traditionally included in
Hippeastreae. The precise position of Griffineae remained unresolved since its sister status to Hippeastrae was weak, leaving the possibility that it could be
284:. However the American clade resolved the tribe Hippeastreae. A later examination of the deeper relationships of the American genera suggested the two subclades, Andean and hippeastroid and within the latter separated the Brazilian
310:(Brazil) all specimens were from Chile and Argentina. The second group corresponded to those genera variously included in tribe Zephyrantheae (Traub) or subtribe Zephyranthinae (Müller-Doblies), but only including some
1095:
DNA (cpDNA) analysis, not even these genera were monophyletic. This brings into question the existing generic classification within
Hippeastreae. Consequently, the authors proposed the following nomenclature:
876:- includes species of medium height and often with many flowers in each inflorescence and inflorescence bracts are different in size and fused basally. Genera that have been placed in this subtribe include
2545:—; Meerow, Alan W.; Arroyo‐Leuenberger, Silvia; Oliveira, Renata S.; Dutilh, Julie H.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Judd, Walter S. (June 2019). "Generic classification of Amaryllidaceae tribe Hippeastreae".
865:
included them all under
Hippeastrae for the first time. The concept of subtribes came from the Müller-Doblies' (1996), who had three subtribes, Griffinineae, Hippeastrinae and Zephyranthinae.
2583:
Meerow, A.W.; Fay, M.F.; Guy, C.L.; Li, Q.-B.; Zaman, F.Q.; Chase, M.W. (1999). "Systematics of
Amaryllidaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-F sequence data".
2682:"Phylogenomics of the Andean Tetraploid Clade of the American Amaryllidaceae (Subfamily Amaryllidoideae): Unlocking a Polyploid Generic Radiation Abetted by Continental Geodynamics"
921:- includes species of small height with solitary flowers. Inflorescence bracts are fused forming a tube surrounding the pedicel of the flower. Genera in this subtribe are
2508:—; Folk, Ryan A.; Meerow, Alan W.; Chamala, Srikar; Gitzendanner, Matthew A.; Oliveira, Renata Souza de; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S. (June 2017).
253:, with the stamens in varying lengths, inflorescence bracts are often fused basally (along one side). The seeds are flattened, winged or D-shaped. Reported basic
3536:
288:
as sister to the remaining hippeastroids. The larger and more diverse grouping of hippeastroids formed two smaller monophyletic groups. The smaller contained
858:(1963) in his monograph on the Amaryllidacea distributed those genera now considered in this tribe over a number of other tribes (see Table, below), while
1106:
269:
Meerow et al. (1999) provide a history of the treatment of the genera of
Amaryllidaceae, including Hippeastreae, from the mid-twentieth century. While
277:
typical of the
Amaryllidaceae, application of molecular phylogenetics to the Amaryllidaceae did not indicate clear tribal divisions but rather broad
2864:
3523:
2793:
2477:(1 March 2014). "Testing Deep Reticulate Evolution in Amaryllidaceae Tribe Hippeastreae (Asparagales) with ITS and Chloroplast Sequence Data".
2347:
2510:"Deep reticulation and incomplete lineage sorting obscure the diploid phylogeny of rain-lilies and allies (Amaryllidaceae tribe Hippeastreae)"
2621:
2514:
2408:
2330:
1120:
A major generic recircumscription was published in 2019, although the basic subdivision into the two above subtribes remained unchanged.
329:
The placement of
Hippeastreae within subfamily Amaryllidoideae is shown in the following cladogram, where this tribe is shown as a
1991:, together with minor centres in eastern Brazil, the north east of Argentina and with more distant centers in Mexico, the
2857:
1735:
261:= 8-13, 17, and higher. All the species in this tribe present a remarkable aesthetic interest and horticultural value.
52:
3582:
3510:
2454:
1072:
3528:
2765:
2755:
3541:
2842:
2734:(1996). "Tribes and subtribes and some species combinations in Amaryllidaceae J St Hil R Dahlgren & al. 1985".
2731:
2686:
2374:
212:
2807:
1980:
3577:
1179:, most taxa exhibit a trifid or trilobed stigma, although in a few it is capitate. This subtribe has 2 genera.
3446:
2850:
1167:
950:
296:
200:
152:
30:
3463:
2290:
1187:
Tribe
Hippeastreae has included various numbers of genera over the years, some of which were monotypic.
1020:
2727:
1738:(APweb) accepted only six genera in the tribe Hippeastrae: shown here as amended by Garcia et al 2019.
1141:
Chilean taxa, but only about 10% of the species within tribe
Hippeastreae. Characterisation includes a
868:
Consequently, it has been customary to describe the tribe
Hippeastreae as consisting of two subtribes:
2379:
The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny
2237:
854:
The genera of the tribe Hippeastreae have been treated in a number of different ways over the years.
39:
2356:
2789:
2662:
3244:
2654:
2646:
2600:
2564:
2496:
1750:
47:
1133:
3501:
3264:
2715:
2629:
2608:
2533:
2479:
2404:
2326:
1145:
962:
321:
sister to the whole American clade. The tribe consists of 10–13 genera and about 180 species.
2440:
1849:
Genera that have been synonymized with other genera in the tribe according to APweb include:
3383:
2705:
2695:
2638:
2592:
2556:
2523:
2488:
2474:
2433:
1992:
270:
238:
3414:
3204:
2980:
2837:
2547:
1156:
759:
359:
278:
234:
227:
133:
90:
3175:
2891:
2879:
2710:
2681:
2446:
2394:
1343:
1176:
918:
855:
447:
242:
123:
77:
2874:
3571:
3304:
3151:
2998:
2568:
2316:
2014:
1821:
1332:
1251:
1163:
1113:
1076:
873:
859:
246:
195:
175:
103:
2658:
2500:
3423:
3373:
3131:
3038:
2989:
1861:
1837:
1694:
1382:
1308:
1080:
954:
937:
713:
375:
330:
312:
3515:
2437:
2398:
2320:
3495:
3394:
3368:
3348:
3313:
3235:
3102:
3082:
3018:
2956:
2936:
2528:
2509:
2470:
2424:
1967:
1932:
1918:
1827:
1792:
1785:
1570:
1539:
1442:
1396:
1092:
979:
904:
882:
743:
709:
676:
544:
430:
406:
302:
290:
250:
168:
113:
3486:
2403:. The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol. 3. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
1171:(Clade B), by contrast has a variable chromosome number, x=6–11, with frequent
3403:
3324:
3275:
3255:
3215:
3195:
3184:
3140:
3091:
2907:
2898:
1997:
1777:
1743:
1672:
1645:
1473:
1457:
1317:
1172:
1149:
1129:
1101:
620:
560:
521:
497:
334:
285:
254:
207:
160:
2700:
2492:
3554:
3357:
3284:
3224:
3160:
3111:
3047:
3007:
2965:
2945:
2349:
Systematics and evolution of Amaryllidaceae tribe Hippeastreae (Asparagales)
2053:
1988:
1946:
1636:
1504:
1404:
1298:
1292:
1060:
923:
274:
231:
2773:
2719:
2612:
2537:
965:, x=6, but with considerable variation. Other polyphyletic genera included
2217:
2215:
3549:
3480:
3058:
3027:
2811:
1911:
1767:
1666:
1436:
1153:
888:
3333:
2916:
2815:
2650:
2622:"Phylogeny of the American Amaryllidaceae Based on nrDNA ITS Sequences"
2604:
1807:
1759:
1630:
1142:
1138:
990:
A more focused study of Hippeastreae alone in 2014, resolved two major
910:
317:
2808:"Amaryllidaceae: A taxonomic tool for the Amaryllidaceae of the world"
2560:
3120:
3067:
2925:
1797:
1229:
991:
898:
338:
281:
3457:
2642:
2596:
2575:
1984:
179:
148:
64:
2202:
2200:
961:
itself. This subgroup has been broadly characterised as having a
2680:—; Gardner, Elliot M.; Nakamura, Kyoko (5 November 2020).
2400:
Flowering Plants · Monocotyledons: Lilianae (except Orchidaceae)
3461:
2846:
2221:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2137:
2135:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
1059:
However it also showed that of the 13 genera, two are
1189:
337:, forming the Hippeastroid subclade, of two American
953:
Zephyranthinae (Zephyranthae of Traub) were clearly
3470:
3413:
3393:
3367:
3347:
3323:
3303:
3294:
3274:
3254:
3234:
3214:
3194:
3174:
3150:
3130:
3110:
3101:
3081:
3057:
3037:
3017:
2997:
2988:
2979:
2955:
2935:
2915:
2906:
2890:
2620:—; Guy, C.L.; Li, Q.-B.; Yang, S.-L. (2000).
2355:(PhD Thesis). University of Florida. Archived from
2206:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2013:The economic significance of the tribe lies in its
2044:and is an unusual species more closely resembling
316:species. The hippeastroid clade is predominantly
941:. (Some authors use the spelling Zephyranthinea)
914:. (Some authors use the spelling Hippeastrineae)
273:phylogeny has been frustrated by the perversive
347:Cladogram: Tribes of subfamily Amaryllidoideae
2858:
2757:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Amaryllidoideae
2274:
1175:and polyploidy. Although there are no unique
8:
2262:
2174:
2141:
2107:
2088:
245:). Species in this tribe are distributed in
3458:
3300:
3107:
2994:
2985:
2912:
2865:
2851:
2843:
29:
20:
2709:
2699:
2527:
1192:Historical distribution of Hippeastreae (
2428:
2285:
2283:
2222:Müller-Doblies & Müller-Doblies 1996
2126:
1071:). Of the remaining 11 genera, based on
2794:Germplasm Resources Information Network
2072:
2026:
2515:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2427:; Snijman, D.A. "Amaryllidaceae". In
2191:
1107:D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies
7:
2319:; Clifford, H.T.; Yeo, P.F. (1985).
2233:
735:
728:
700:
668:
661:
611:
603:
536:
513:
488:
480:
421:
397:
390:
366:
353:
2838:Amaryllidaceae project at eMonocot
2346:García Berguecio, Nicolás (2015).
2322:The families of the monocotyledons
1196:Meerow 1999) genera by tribes and
957:, largely due to the polyphyly of
14:
2207:Dahlgren, Clifford & Yeo 1985
3442:
3441:
2873:
2385:Volume 1: Monocotyledonae (1926)
2056:genus, where it is now known as
2052:recommended reassigning it to a
51:
1784:(now part of a separate tribe,
249:. Flowers are large and showy,
2388:Volume 2: Dicotyledonae (1934)
2289:Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards).
1159:. This subtribe has 4 genera.
1:
2451:Genera of the Amaryllidaceae
2438:10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_11
2295:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
1995:and southern United States (
1736:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
1137:(Clade A) includes about 20
973:. Hippeastreae also include
2772:(in French). Archived from
2754:Stevens, P.F. (2001–2012),
2529:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.04.003
2455:American Plant Life Society
2325:. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
1734:As of March 2022, the
1073:Internal transcribed spacer
230:of plants belonging to the
3599:
2790:"GRIN Taxonomy for Plants"
2687:Frontiers in Plant Science
2381:(1st ed.). Macmillan.
1979:Hippeastreae have a major
1183:Historical circumscription
1083:non-monotypic genera were
3437:
2764:Vigneron, Pascal (2008).
2275:Meerow & Snijman 1998
1981:center of diversification
1134:D. & U. Müll.-Doblies
756:
740:
733:
726:
706:
698:
673:
666:
659:
633:
617:
609:
601:
557:
541:
534:
518:
511:
494:
486:
478:
444:
427:
419:
403:
395:
388:
372:
364:
213:D. & U. Müll.-Doblies
191:
186:
166:
159:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
16:Tribe of flowering plants
2701:10.3389/fpls.2020.582422
2493:10.1600/036364414X678099
2453:. La Jolla, California:
1975:Distribution and habitat
607:Hippeastroid clade
306:. With the exception of
2297:. Retrieved 2022-03-30.
2291:"Amaryllidaceae genera"
2040:, was earlier known as
2034:Hippeastrum blumenavium
1236:Hippeastrum blumenavium
1087:(about 60 species) and
1051:, and the remainder of
945:In the study of Meerow
297:Hippeastrum blumenavium
294:(with the exception of
2473:; Soltis, Douglas E.;
2038:Hippeastrum blumenavia
1987:and western (Andean)
1091:(2 species). But on
2878:Subdivisions of the
2048:. Ultimately Meerow
2042:Griffinia blumenavia
1205:Genus (alphabetical)
599:American clade
484:Eurasian clade
40:Hippeastrum striatum
2742:(5–6): S.c.1–S.c.9.
1214:Müller-Doblies 1996
1201:
3583:Asparagales tribes
2770:Amaryllidaceae.org
2736:Feddes Repertorium
2732:Müller-Doblies, D.
2728:Müller-Doblies, U.
2431:, pp. 83–110.
1190:
1021:Phycella maulensis
1016:Famatina maulensis
657:Andean clade
3565:
3564:
3464:Taxon identifiers
3455:
3454:
3433:
3432:
3343:
3342:
3170:
3169:
3077:
3076:
2975:
2974:
2630:Systematic Botany
2561:10.1002/tax.12062
2480:Systematic Botany
2475:Soltis, Pamela S.
2469:García, Nicolás;
2410:978-3-540-64060-8
2332:978-3-642-64903-5
2263:Garcia et al 2017
2175:Garcia et al 2014
2142:Meerow et al 1999
2108:Meerow et al 2000
2089:Garcia et al 2019
1964:
1952:
1938:
1924:
1908:
1896:
1884:
1872:
1858:
1843:
1833:
1813:
1803:
1783:
1773:
1756:
1727:
1726:
1170:
1146:chromosome number
1136:
1109:
963:chromosome number
951:molecular markers
847:
846:
842:
841:
833:
832:
824:
823:
815:
814:
806:
805:
797:
796:
788:
787:
779:
778:
770:
769:
687:
686:
647:
646:
589:
588:
580:
579:
571:
570:
467:
466:
458:
457:
237:of the Amaryllis
221:
220:
215:
203:
155:
3590:
3558:
3557:
3545:
3544:
3532:
3531:
3519:
3518:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3459:
3445:
3444:
3301:
3108:
2995:
2986:
2913:
2877:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2844:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2814:. Archived from
2803:
2801:
2800:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2766:"Amaryllidaceae"
2760:
2743:
2723:
2713:
2703:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2667:
2661:. Archived from
2626:
2616:
2591:(9): 1325–1345.
2579:
2572:
2541:
2531:
2504:
2458:
2432:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2382:
2375:Hutchinson, John
2370:
2368:
2367:
2361:
2354:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2298:
2287:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2241:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2210:
2204:
2195:
2189:
2178:
2172:
2145:
2139:
2130:
2124:
2111:
2105:
2092:
2086:
2061:
2031:
1993:Greater Antilles
1962:
1950:
1936:
1922:
1906:
1894:
1882:
1870:
1856:
1841:
1831:
1811:
1801:
1781:
1771:
1754:
1202:
1166:
1132:
1105:
949:(2000) based on
736:
729:
701:
669:
662:
612:
604:
537:
514:
489:
481:
422:
398:
391:
367:
354:
344:
343:
211:
199:
147:
56:
55:
33:
21:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3578:Amaryllidoideae
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3553:
3548:
3540:
3535:
3527:
3522:
3514:
3509:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3466:
3456:
3451:
3429:
3415:Hymenocallideae
3409:
3389:
3371:
3363:
3339:
3319:
3290:
3270:
3250:
3230:
3210:
3190:
3166:
3146:
3126:
3097:
3073:
3053:
3033:
3013:
2981:Amaryllidoideae
2971:
2951:
2931:
2902:
2886:
2871:
2834:
2829:
2821:
2819:
2806:
2798:
2796:
2787:
2779:
2777:
2763:
2753:
2750:
2726:
2679:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2643:10.2307/2666729
2624:
2619:
2597:10.2307/2656780
2582:
2578:published 2020)
2573:
2544:
2507:
2471:Meerow, Alan W.
2468:
2465:
2445:
2429:Kubitzki (1998)
2423:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2393:
2373:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2315:
2312:
2306:
2301:
2288:
2281:
2273:
2269:
2261:
2244:
2232:
2228:
2220:
2213:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2181:
2173:
2148:
2140:
2133:
2125:
2114:
2106:
2095:
2087:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2011:
1977:
1732:
1717:
1707:
1654:
1644:
1618:
1593:
1583:
1558:
1527:
1517:
1492:
1482:
1455:
1424:
1414:
1375:
1353:
1341:
1306:
1265:
1249:
1233:
1200:
1185:
1148:, x=8, lack of
1126:
852:
843:
834:
825:
816:
807:
798:
789:
780:
771:
760:Hymenocallideae
688:
648:
590:
581:
572:
468:
459:
360:Amaryllidoideae
357:Subfamily
327:
279:biogeographical
267:
235:Amaryllidoideae
182:
172:
146:
134:Amaryllidoideae
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3596:
3594:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3570:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3546:
3533:
3520:
3507:
3492:
3476:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3419:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3399:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3379:
3377:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3353:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3329:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3309:
3307:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3280:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3260:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3240:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3220:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3200:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3180:
3178:
3176:Calostemmateae
3172:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3156:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3136:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3116:
3114:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3087:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3063:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3043:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3023:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3003:
3001:
2992:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2961:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2921:
2919:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2896:
2894:
2892:Agapanthoideae
2888:
2887:
2880:Amaryllidaceae
2872:
2870:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2832:External links
2830:
2828:
2827:
2804:
2785:
2761:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2724:
2677:
2637:(4): 708–726.
2617:
2580:
2555:(3): 481–498.
2542:
2505:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2443:
2421:
2409:
2397:, ed. (1998).
2391:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2371:
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2331:
2317:Dahlgren, R.M.
2311:
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1789:
1774:
1764:
1731:
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1725:
1724:
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1714:
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1709:Zephyranthinae
1704:
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1524:
1521:
1519:Zephyranthinae
1514:
1511:
1508:
1500:
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1489:
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1479:
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1471:
1465:
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1377:Zephyranthinae
1372:
1370:
1367:
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1360:
1357:
1350:
1347:
1344:Zephyranthinae
1338:
1335:
1330:
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1177:synapomorphies
1125:
1122:
1118:
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1110:
1057:
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1025:
943:
942:
919:Zephyranthinae
915:
851:
848:
845:
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840:
839:
836:
835:
831:
830:
827:
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822:
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764:
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748:
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732:
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722:
721:
718:
717:
705:
699:
697:
694:
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690:
689:
685:
684:
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672:
667:
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632:
629:
628:
625:
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616:
610:
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586:
583:
582:
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569:
568:
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552:
549:
548:
540:
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533:
530:
529:
526:
525:
517:
512:
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509:Mediterranean
506:
505:
502:
501:
493:
487:
485:
479:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
465:
464:
461:
460:
456:
455:
452:
451:
448:Calostemmateae
443:
439:
438:
435:
434:
426:
420:
418:
415:
414:
411:
410:
402:
396:
394:
389:
387:
384:
383:
380:
379:
371:
365:
363:
352:
349:
348:
326:
323:
300:), but also a
266:
263:
243:Amaryllidaceae
219:
218:
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204:
189:
188:
184:
183:
173:
164:
163:
157:
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141:
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124:Amaryllidaceae
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
94:
93:
88:
81:
80:
75:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3595:
3584:
3581:
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3573:
3556:
3551:
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3543:
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3512:
3508:
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3497:
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3460:
3448:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3426:
3425:
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3406:
3405:
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3398:
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3360:
3359:
3355:
3354:
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3346:
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3335:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3305:Hippeastrinae
3302:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3239:
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3199:
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3187:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3152:Gethyllidinae
3149:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3089:
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3086:
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3080:
3070:
3069:
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3060:
3056:
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3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2999:Amaryllidinae
2996:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2882:family, with
2881:
2876:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2856:
2854:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2818:on 2016-03-04
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2795:
2791:
2788:GRIN (2016).
2786:
2776:on 2015-01-04
2775:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2741:
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2733:
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2725:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2668:on 2015-09-23
2664:
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2554:
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2521:
2517:
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2511:
2506:
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2498:
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2476:
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2462:
2456:
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2448:
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2442:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2362:on 2015-09-07
2358:
2351:
2350:
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2334:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2309:
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2292:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2127:Vigneron 2008
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2015:horticultural
2008:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1822:Hippeastrinae
1819:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1729:
1722:
1720:
1719:Hippeastrinae
1715:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1700:Zephyrantheae
1699:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1620:Hippeastrinae
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1595:Hippeastrinae
1591:
1588:
1586:
1585:Hippeastrinae
1581:
1578:
1576:Zephyrantheae
1575:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:Hippeastrinae
1525:
1522:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1510:Zephyrantheae
1509:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:Hippeastrinae
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1426:Hippeastrinae
1422:
1419:
1417:
1416:Hippeastrinae
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1387:=Zephyranthes
1386:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1369:Zephyrantheae
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1355:Hippeastrinae
1351:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1333:Zephyrantheae
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1252:Hippeastrinae
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1211:Dahlgren 1985
1210:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1164:Hippeastrinae
1160:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1121:
1115:
1114:Hippeastrinae
1111:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:
995:
993:
988:
986:
982:
981:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
940:
939:
934:
930:
926:
925:
920:
916:
913:
912:
907:
906:
901:
900:
895:
891:
890:
885:
884:
879:
875:
874:Hippeastrinae
871:
870:
869:
866:
864:
861:
857:
849:
838:
837:
829:
828:
820:
819:
811:
810:
802:
801:
793:
792:
784:
783:
775:
774:
766:
765:
762:
761:
754:
753:
750:
749:
746:
745:
738:
737:
731:
730:
724:
723:
720:
719:
716:
715:
711:
703:
702:
696:
695:
692:
691:
683:
682:
679:
678:
671:
670:
664:
663:
656:
655:
652:
651:
643:
642:
639:
638:
631:
630:
627:
626:
623:
622:
614:
613:
606:
605:
598:
597:
594:
593:
585:
584:
576:
575:
567:
566:
563:
562:
555:
554:
551:
550:
547:
546:
539:
538:
532:
531:
528:
527:
524:
523:
516:
515:
508:
507:
504:
503:
500:
499:
491:
490:
483:
482:
476:
475:
472:
471:
463:
462:
454:
453:
450:
449:
441:
440:
437:
436:
433:
432:
425:Africa
424:
423:
417:
416:
413:
412:
409:
408:
401:Africa
400:
399:
393:
392:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
370:Africa
369:
368:
362:
361:
356:
355:
351:
350:
346:
345:
342:
340:
336:
332:
324:
322:
319:
315:
314:
309:
305:
304:
299:
298:
293:
292:
287:
283:
280:
276:
272:
271:morphological
264:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:South America
244:
240:
236:
233:
229:
225:
214:
210:
209:
205:
202:
198:
197:
196:Hippeastrinae
193:
192:
190:
185:
181:
177:
171:
170:
165:
162:
158:
154:
150:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:Tracheophytes
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
24:Hippeastreae
22:
19:
3502:Hippeastreae
3472:Hippeastreae
3471:
3424:Hymenocallis
3422:
3402:
3382:
3374:Stenomesseae
3356:
3332:
3312:
3296:Hippeastreae
3295:
3283:
3263:
3243:
3223:
3203:
3183:
3159:
3139:
3132:Haemanthinae
3119:
3090:
3066:
3046:
3039:Strumariinae
3026:
3006:
2990:Amaryllideae
2964:
2944:
2924:
2897:
2883:
2820:. Retrieved
2816:the original
2797:. Retrieved
2778:. Retrieved
2774:the original
2769:
2756:
2739:
2735:
2691:
2685:
2670:. Retrieved
2663:the original
2634:
2628:
2588:
2584:
2552:
2546:
2519:
2513:
2487:(1): 75–89.
2484:
2478:
2450:
2425:Meerow, A.W.
2414:. Retrieved
2399:
2395:Kubitzki, K.
2378:
2364:. Retrieved
2357:the original
2348:
2336:. Retrieved
2321:
2304:Bibliography
2294:
2270:
2229:
2057:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2012:
2003:Zephyranthes
2002:
1996:
1978:
1966:
1959:
1955:Zephyranthes
1954:
1945:
1940:
1931:
1926:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1899:Zephyranthes
1898:
1891:
1887:Zephyranthes
1886:
1879:
1875:Zephyranthes
1874:
1867:
1862:Zephyranthes
1860:
1853:
1848:
1838:Zephyranthes
1836:
1826:
1806:
1796:
1791:
1776:
1766:
1758:
1749:
1733:
1718:
1716:Hippeastreae
1713:Hippeastreae
1708:
1706:Hippeastreae
1703:Hippeastreae
1695:Zephyranthes
1693:
1682:Hippeastreae
1677:Hippeastreae
1665:
1655:
1653:Hippeastreae
1650:Hippeastreae
1643:Hippeastreae
1629:
1619:
1617:Hippeastreae
1604:
1594:
1592:Hippeastreae
1589:Hippeastreae
1584:
1582:Hippeastreae
1579:Hippeastreae
1569:
1559:
1557:Hippeastreae
1546:
1538:
1528:
1526:Hippeastreae
1523:Hippeastreae
1518:
1516:Hippeastreae
1513:Hippeastreae
1503:
1493:
1491:Hippeastreae
1488:Hippeastreae
1483:
1481:Hippeastreae
1478:Hippeastreae
1468:
1456:
1454:Hippeastreae
1451:Hippeastreae
1435:
1425:
1423:Hippeastreae
1420:Hippeastreae
1415:
1413:Hippeastreae
1410:Hippeastreae
1403:
1395:
1383:Zephyranthes
1376:
1374:Hippeastreae
1364:
1354:
1352:Hippeastreae
1349:Hippeastreae
1342:
1340:Hippeastreae
1337:Hippeastreae
1327:
1314:Hippeastreae
1309:Griffiniinae
1307:
1305:Hippeastreae
1291:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1250:
1248:Hippeastreae
1235:
1228:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1161:
1127:
1119:
1088:
1084:
1081:monophyletic
1068:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1049:Zephyranthes
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
989:
984:
978:
974:
970:
966:
959:Zephyranthes
958:
955:polyphyletic
946:
944:
938:Zephyranthes
936:
932:
928:
922:
909:
903:
897:
893:
887:
881:
877:
867:
862:
853:
757:
741:
714:Stenomesseae
707:
674:
637:Hippeastreae
636:
634:
618:
558:
542:
519:
495:
445:
442:Australasia
428:
404:
376:Amaryllideae
373:
358:
331:sister group
328:
313:Zephyranthes
311:
307:
301:
295:
289:
268:
258:
257:numbers are
224:Hippeastreae
223:
222:
206:
194:
167:
144:Hippeastreae
143:
97:
84:
71:
38:
18:
3496:Wikispecies
3395:Clinantheae
3372:(including
3369:Eucharideae
3349:Eustephieae
3314:Hippeastrum
3236:Pancratieae
3103:Haemantheae
3083:Cyrtantheae
3019:Boophoninae
2957:Gilliesieae
2937:Tulbaghieae
2576:corrections
2522:: 231–247.
2447:Traub, H.P.
2046:Rhodophiala
1983:in central
1968:Hippeastrum
1933:Rhodophiala
1919:Rhodolirium
1828:Hippeastrum
1793:Rhodolirium
1786:Eustephieae
1751:Eremolirion
1571:Rhodophiala
1547:Rhodophiala
1540:Rhodolirium
1443:Eustephieae
1397:Hippeastrum
1268:Rhodophiala
1220:Garcia 2014
1217:Meerow 1998
1093:chloroplast
1085:Hippeastrum
1041:Hippeastrum
1029:Rhodophiala
1012:Rhodolirium
980:Rhodolirion
905:Rhodophiala
883:Hippeastrum
850:Subdivision
744:Clinantheae
710:Eucharideae
677:Eustephieae
545:Pancratieae
431:Haemantheae
407:Cyrtantheae
303:Rhodophiala
291:Hippeastrum
251:zygomorphic
169:Hippeastrum
130:Subfamily:
114:Asparagales
91:Angiosperms
3572:Categories
3404:Clinanthus
3325:Traubiinae
3276:Griffineae
3256:Narcisseae
3245:Pancratium
3216:Galantheae
3196:Lycorideae
3185:Calostemma
3141:Haemanthus
3092:Cyrtanthus
2908:Allioideae
2899:Agapanthus
2884:type genus
2822:2016-02-14
2799:2016-02-15
2780:2014-10-23
2694:: 582422.
2672:2015-01-25
2585:Am. J. Bot
2441:(excerpts)
2416:2014-01-14
2366:2016-02-14
2338:2014-02-10
2192:Traub 1963
2068:References
1998:Habranthus
1880:Habranthus
1778:Pyrolirion
1755:Nic.Garcia
1744:Traubiinae
1685:Griffineae
1673:Amarylleae
1656:Traubiinae
1646:Traubiinae
1605:Tocantinia
1560:Traubiinae
1494:Traubiinae
1474:Amarylleae
1458:Traubiinae
1328:Habranthus
1318:Griffineae
1208:Traub 1963
1173:aneuploidy
1150:polyploidy
1130:Traubiinae
1104:(Clade A)
1102:Traubiinae
1033:Habranthus
985:Tocantinia
971:Habranthus
967:Rodophiala
929:Habranthus
892:(includes
704:Petiolate
621:Griffineae
561:Narcisseae
522:Galantheae
498:Lycorideae
335:Griffineae
308:Rodophilia
286:Griffineae
255:chromosome
208:Traubiinae
187:Subtribes
161:Type genus
3555:100352653
3358:Eustephia
3285:Griffinia
3265:Narcissus
3225:Galanthus
3161:Gethyllis
3112:Cliviinae
3048:Strumaria
3008:Amaryllis
2966:Gilliesia
2946:Tulbaghia
2569:202854432
2234:GRIN 2016
2054:monotypic
1989:Argentina
1960:Tocantina
1947:Sprekelia
1892:Haylockia
1820:Subtribe
1742:Subtribe
1637:Traubieae
1505:Sprekelia
1405:Amaryllis
1365:Haylockia
1299:Euchareae
1293:Griffinia
1234:formerly
1198:subtribes
1162:Subtribe
1128:Subtribe
1124:Subtribes
1116:(Clade B)
1112:Subtribe
1100:Subtribe
1089:Sprekelia
1079:the only
1077:sequences
1065:Haylockia
1061:monotypic
1045:Sprekelia
1037:Haylockia
1027:Clade B:
998:Clade A:
975:Haylockia
924:Sprekelia
917:subtribe
872:subtribe
325:Phylogeny
275:homoplasy
232:subfamily
61:Kingdom:
3550:Tropicos
3487:Q5768271
3481:Wikidata
3447:Category
3384:Eucharis
3059:Crininae
3028:Boophone
2812:eMonocot
2748:Websites
2720:33250911
2659:20392462
2613:10487820
2538:28390909
2501:86117335
2463:Articles
2449:(1963).
2238:Cooperia
1941:Phycella
1937:C. Presl
1927:Phycella
1923:Philippi
1912:Phycella
1868:Famatina
1854:Cooperia
1812:Moldenke
1772:Lindlley
1768:Phycella
1667:Worsleya
1437:Phycella
1272:Phycella
1263:Famatina
1223:Species
1154:capitate
1053:Famatina
1008:Phycella
933:Cooperia
894:Famatina
889:Phycella
860:Dahlgren
265:Taxonomy
120:Family:
104:Monocots
3542:2807454
3334:Traubia
3205:Lycoris
2917:Allieae
2711:7674842
2651:2666729
2605:2656780
2017:usage.
1963:Ravenna
1951:Heister
1895:Herbert
1883:Herbert
1871:Ravenna
1857:Herbert
1842:Herbert
1832:Herbert
1808:Traubia
1782:Herbert
1760:Paposoa
1631:Traubia
1143:haploid
1139:endemic
1069:Traubia
1000:Traubia
911:Traubia
908:, and
615:Brazil
333:to the
318:diploid
140:Tribe:
110:Order:
65:Plantae
3516:223496
3121:Clivia
3068:Crinum
2926:Allium
2718:
2708:
2657:
2649:
2611:
2603:
2574:(With
2567:
2536:
2499:
2407:
2329:
2058:Eithea
2050:et al.
1904:Placea
1798:s.str.
1730:Genera
1469:Placea
1230:Eithea
1157:stigma
1152:and a
1075:(ITS)
1014:, and
1004:Placea
992:clades
947:et al.
935:, and
899:Eithea
878:Placea
863:et al.
758:Tribe
742:Tribe
708:Tribe
675:Tribe
635:Tribe
619:Tribe
559:Tribe
543:Tribe
520:Tribe
496:Tribe
446:Tribe
429:Tribe
405:Tribe
374:Tribe
339:clades
282:clades
239:family
2666:(PDF)
2655:S2CID
2647:JSTOR
2625:(PDF)
2601:JSTOR
2565:S2CID
2548:Taxon
2497:S2CID
2360:(PDF)
2353:(PDF)
2310:Books
2036:, or
2021:Notes
1985:Chile
1907:Miers
1802:Phil.
1757:(now
1194:sensu
1168:Walp.
1018:(now
856:Traub
492:Asia
228:tribe
226:is a
201:Walp.
180:Herb.
153:Sweet
149:Herb.
98:Clade
85:Clade
72:Clade
3537:NCBI
3529:2573
3524:GRIN
3511:APNI
2716:PMID
2609:PMID
2534:PMID
2405:ISBN
2327:ISBN
2009:Uses
1624:1–2
1257:1–2
1067:and
983:and
969:and
2740:107
2706:PMC
2696:doi
2639:doi
2593:doi
2557:doi
2524:doi
2520:111
2489:doi
2434:doi
2005:).
1723:50
1430:60
1359:40
1322:21
896:),
151:ex
3574::
3552::
3539::
3526::
3513::
3498::
3483::
2810:.
2792:.
2768:.
2738:.
2730:;
2714:.
2704:.
2692:11
2690:.
2684:.
2653:.
2645:.
2635:25
2633:.
2627:.
2607:.
2599:.
2589:86
2587:.
2563:.
2553:68
2551:.
2532:.
2518:.
2512:.
2495:.
2485:39
2483:.
2377:.
2293:.
2282:^
2245:^
2236:,
2214:^
2199:^
2182:^
2149:^
2134:^
2115:^
2096:^
2075:^
2001:,
1965:=
1953:=
1939:=
1925:=
1909:=
1897:=
1885:=
1873:=
1859:=
1746::
1688:1
1660:1
1599:8
1564:5
1533:2
1498:6
1463:6
1390:1
1286:4
1270:,
1047:,
1043:,
1039:,
1035:,
1031:,
1010:,
1006:,
1002:,
994::
987:.
977:,
931:,
927:,
902:,
886:,
880:,
341::
178:)
176:L.
100::
87::
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2859:t
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2802:.
2783:.
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2675:.
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2595::
2571:.
2559::
2540:.
2526::
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2369:.
2341:.
2277:.
2265:.
2240:.
2224:.
2209:.
2194:.
2177:.
2144:.
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2110:.
2091:.
2060:.
1788:)
1763:)
1545:=
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1381:=
1266:=
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1024:)
712:/
259:x
241:(
174:(
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