132:
742:
153:
710:
702:
1028:
Der
Sarkissian, Clio; Vilstrup, Julia T.; Schubert, Mikkel; Seguin-Orlando, Andaine; Eme, David; Weinstock, Jacobo; Alberdi, Maria Teresa; Martin, Fabiana; Lopez, Patricio M.; Prado, Jose L.; Prieto, Alfredo (March 2015).
1089:
Heintzman, P.D.; Zazula, G.D.; MacPhee, R.D.E; Scott, E.; Cahill, J.A.; McHorse, B.K.; Kapp, J.D.; Stiller, M.; Wooller, M.J.; Orlando, L.; Southon, J.; Froese, D.G.; Shapiro, B. (2017).
733:
is noted for its very long nasal notch separating the elongate nasal bone from the rest of the skull. This structure is suggested to correspond to the presence of a prehensile upper lip.
1192:
MacFadden, B. J., and M. Skinner. 1979. Diversification and biogeography of the one-toed horses
Onohippidium and Hippidion. Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History Postilla 175:1–9.
888:, Patagonia (two separate layers dating to 12,463–10,457 cal yr BP and 15,517–12,352 cal yr BP), as well as the similarly aged Cueva del Medio site in southern Chile remains of
2240:
2332:
2253:
1677:
872:, which resulted in the extinction of most large animals in both North and South America. Climatic modelling suggests that the preferred habitat for species of
1238:
Labarca, Rafael; Caro, Francisco J.; Villavicencio, Natalia A.; Capriles, José M.; Briones, Esteban; Latorre, Claudio; Santoro, Calogero M. (2020-12-10).
2337:
1240:"A partially complete skeleton of Hippidion saldiasi Roth, 1899 (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) from the late Pleistocene of the high Andes in northern Chile"
381:), between 2.5 million and 11,000 years ago. They were one of two lineages of equines native to South America during the Pleistocene epoch, alongside
2227:
1610:"Paleoamerican Occupation, Stone Tools from the Cueva del Medio, and Considerations for the Late Pleistocene Archaeology in Southern South America"
2422:
2322:
869:
2327:
1452:
1314:
876:
declined after the
Holocene transition, but the decline is not enough to explain the extinction. At the Arroyo Seco 2 site in the Argentinan
1337:"Rostral reconstruction of South American hippidiforms (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae): New anatomical and ecomorphological inferences"
2402:
2317:
416:
as an outgroup to all living equines and less closely related to living equines than the North
American "New World stilt legged horse",
896:, and bear cut marks, indicating that they were hunted by recently arrived humans, which may have played a role in their extinction.
1670:
660:
1145:"A new genus for Onohippidium galushai Macfadden and Skinner, 1979 (Mammalia, Equidae), from the late Hemphillian of North America"
841:
is also known from
Argentinan Pampas, but is also found in the Peruvian central Andes, with remains possibly found in Venezuela.
659:
migrated into the South
American continent at the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition, around 2.5 million years ago as part of the
864:
became extinct alongside the other South
American equines at the end of the Late Pleistocene, between 12,000 and 10,000 years
2412:
2357:
974:
885:
2417:
2362:
663:
with the hippidiform lineage becoming extinct in North
America during the Early Pleistocene. It is disputed as to whether
1522:"Assessing the Causes Behind the Late Quaternary Extinction of Horses in South America Using Species Distribution Models"
2367:
1663:
1366:"Ancient feeding ecology inferred from stable isotopic evidence from fossil horses in South America over the past 3 Ma"
972:
Orlando, L.; et al. (2008). "Ancient DNA Clarifies the
Evolutionary History of American Late Pleistocene Equids".
2407:
2377:
2372:
2312:
2201:
2387:
2382:
2258:
1475:"Feeding and environmental studies on late Pleistocene horses in mid-latitudes of South America (northern Uruguay)"
152:
1655:
2392:
893:
2397:
2307:
729:
was somewhat larger, with an estimated mass range of 252.7–468.6 kilograms (557–1,033 lb). The skull of
918:"Evolution, systematics, and phylogeography of Pleistocene horses in the New World: a molecular perspective"
2169:
2206:
721:
have been estimated to weigh in the range of 252.7–326.4 kilograms (557–720 lb), while specimens of
2279:
1203:
2069:
741:
2214:
1574:
1486:
1377:
1251:
1239:
1156:
983:
804:
749:
667:
is an exclusively South
American genus or whether remains from North America are attributable to it.
2076:
1144:
808:
344:
317:
306:
2035:
1834:
1792:
1771:
2347:
1590:
1562:
1502:
1474:
1275:
1007:
785:
774:
293:
147:
131:
2284:
1764:
2352:
2266:
2245:
2092:
2021:
1733:
1641:
1543:
1448:
1413:
1395:
1310:
1267:
1172:
1122:
1068:
1050:
999:
951:
2271:
1986:
1806:
1631:
1621:
1582:
1533:
1494:
1440:
1403:
1385:
1344:
1302:
1259:
1215:
1164:
1112:
1102:
1058:
1042:
991:
941:
931:
374:
2427:
2342:
2062:
1335:
Bernardes, Camila; Sicuro, Fernando L.; Avilla, Leonardo S.; Pinheiro, André E.P. (2012).
792:
472:
418:
1578:
1490:
1381:
1255:
1160:
1031:"Mitochondrial genomes reveal the extinct Hippidion as an outgroup to all living equids"
987:
709:
2028:
1979:
1972:
1845:
1727:
1432:
1408:
1365:
1294:
1117:
1090:
1063:
1030:
946:
917:
865:
725:
have been estimated to weigh in the region of 227.3–366.5 kilograms (501–808 lb).
204:
1336:
642:
that are suggested to have diverged from the ancestors of living equines of the genus
2301:
2129:
1861:
1813:
1594:
1506:
1279:
846:
813:
799:
values are consistent with the occupation of woodland and wooded grassland habitats.
644:
530:
487:
383:
82:
1586:
1498:
1011:
2086:
2014:
2000:
1963:
1945:
1882:
1854:
922:
881:
753:
271:
1263:
1220:
1168:
936:
2115:
2099:
2042:
1952:
1868:
1785:
1444:
1306:
574:
502:
401:
57:
2143:
2122:
1917:
1910:
1896:
1889:
1875:
1827:
1799:
1778:
995:
837:
grasslands of Argentina, but its range may have extended to Peru and Ecuador.
405:
102:
67:
2192:
1645:
1547:
1399:
1271:
1176:
1054:
2007:
1993:
1903:
1820:
1757:
1538:
1521:
1520:
Villavicencio, Natalia A.; Corcoran, Derek; Marquet, Pablo A. (2019-06-27).
1390:
1143:
Santos Avilla, Leonardo Dos; Bernardes, Camila; Mothé, Dimila (2015-05-04).
850:
164:
107:
51:
1417:
1126:
1072:
1046:
1003:
955:
412:
this was later shown to be incorrect, with more complete sequences finding
1349:
701:
2186:
1750:
1721:
1709:
1433:"Ancient Feeding Ecology and Niche Differentiation of Pleistocene Horses"
378:
370:
184:
97:
92:
77:
72:
62:
42:
34:
30:
1636:
1626:
1609:
1107:
2232:
1928:
1687:
1561:
Bampi, Hugo; Barberi, Maira; Lima-Ribeiro, Matheus S. (December 2022).
764:
366:
224:
214:
112:
87:
2109:
2053:
1715:
1703:
877:
834:
639:
555:
430:
234:
194:
174:
38:
2163:
1364:
Prado, José L; Sánchez, Begoña; Alberdi, María T (December 2011).
740:
708:
700:
1208:
Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina
2219:
713:
Reconstruction of skull musculature with proposed prehensile lip
638:
is part of a distinct lineage of equines belonging to the tribe
2167:
1659:
756:
1439:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 101–118,
1563:"Megafauna kill sites in South America: A critical review"
1301:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 7–59,
648:
at least 6 million years ago. The earliest members of the
404:
analysis studies suggested a close relationship with the
652:
lineage are known from the Late Miocene of North America
811:), as opposed to the grazing diet of the contemporary
681:, however, in a 2015 DNA analysis, the single sampled
1091:"A new genus of horse from Pleistocene North America"
526:
468:
443:
2176:
2052:
1962:
1927:
1844:
1742:
1473:Morosi, Elizabeth; Ubilla, Martin (December 2019).
1204:"Diversity of the fossil equidsfrom South America"
1431:Prado, José Luis; Alberdi, María Teresa (2017),
1293:Prado, José Luis; Alberdi, María Teresa (2017),
892:are associated with human artifacts, including
803:is suggested to have been a mixed feeder (both
693:was found to be clearly genetically distinct.
1671:
8:
967:
965:
673:is traditionally thought to have 3 species,
911:
909:
2164:
1937:
1933:
1678:
1664:
1656:
705:Skeleton in Natural History Museum, London
369:that lived in South America from the Late
130:
20:
1635:
1625:
1537:
1407:
1389:
1348:
1219:
1116:
1106:
1062:
945:
935:
905:
870:Late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions
829:have been found across South America.
685:specimen was found to be nested with
7:
2333:Pleistocene mammals of South America
1233:
1231:
1202:Prado, José; Alberdi, María (2023).
1188:
1186:
1138:
1136:
1084:
1082:
1023:
1021:
916:Weinstock, J.; et al. (2005).
546:
519:
494:
461:
436:
426:
1526:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
1244:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1149:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
14:
2338:Pliocene mammals of South America
661:Great American Biotic Interchange
151:
1587:10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107851
1499:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106025
880:(14,782–11,142 cal yr BP), and
1437:Fossil Horses of South America
1299:Fossil Horses of South America
975:Journal of Molecular Evolution
1:
2423:Fossil taxa described in 1869
2323:Pleistocene genus extinctions
1341:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
1264:10.1080/02724634.2020.1862132
2328:Prehistoric placental genera
1608:Nami, Hugo G. (2019-08-12).
1295:"Nomenclatures and Taxonomy"
1221:10.5710/PEAPA.06.06.2022.415
1169:10.1080/02724634.2014.925909
937:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030241
833:is primarily known from the
1445:10.1007/978-3-319-55877-6_6
1307:10.1007/978-3-319-55877-6_2
2444:
2403:Dolores Formation, Uruguay
2318:Pliocene first appearances
1567:Quaternary Science Reviews
1479:Quaternary Science Reviews
894:Fishtail projectile points
773:consumed plants of either
675:H. principale, H. saldiasi
384:Equus (Amerhippus) neogeus
1940:
1936:
1698:
996:10.1007/s00239-008-9100-x
570:
551:
544:
524:
517:
499:
492:
466:
459:
441:
434:
419:Haringtonhippus francisci
365:) is an extinct genus of
299:
292:
264:
259:
148:Scientific classification
146:
138:
129:
23:
853:and the southern Andes.
16:Extinct genus of mammals
1693:, arranged by subfamily
1539:10.3389/fevo.2019.00226
1391:10.1186/1472-6785-11-15
763:Isotopic evidence from
423:Cladogram shown below:
1047:10.1098/rsbl.2014.1058
760:
714:
706:
2413:Pleistocene Venezuela
2358:Pleistocene Argentina
2280:Paleobiology Database
1350:10.4202/app.2011.0107
744:
712:
704:
29:Temporal range: Late
2418:Fossils of Venezuela
2363:Fossils of Argentina
868:(BP) as part of the
831:Hippidion principale
2368:Pleistocene Bolivia
1627:10.3390/quat2030028
1579:2022QSRv..29807851B
1491:2019QSRv..22506025M
1382:2011BMCE...11...15P
1256:2020JVPal..40E2132L
1161:2015JVPal..35E5909S
1108:10.7554/eLife.29944
988:2008JMolE..66..533O
886:Santa Cruz Province
2408:Fossils of Uruguay
2378:Pleistocene Brazil
2373:Fossils of Bolivia
2313:Pleistocene horses
1686:Extinct genera of
845:was native to the
843:Hippidion saldiasi
839:Hippidion devillei
761:
719:Hippidion saldiasi
715:
707:
373:to the end of the
2388:Pleistocene Chile
2383:Fossils of Brazil
2295:
2294:
2267:Open Tree of Life
2170:Taxon identifiers
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2022:Proboscidipparion
1692:
1454:978-3-319-55876-9
1316:978-3-319-55876-9
745:Restoration of a
632:
631:
623:
622:
614:
613:
605:
604:
596:
595:
587:
586:
354:
353:
255:
2435:
2393:Fossils of Chile
2288:
2287:
2275:
2274:
2262:
2261:
2249:
2248:
2236:
2235:
2223:
2222:
2210:
2209:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2165:
2070:Heteropliohippus
1987:Eurygnathohippus
1938:
1934:
1807:Propalaeotherium
1690:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1657:
1650:
1649:
1639:
1629:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1541:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1393:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1181:
1180:
1140:
1131:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1066:
1025:
1016:
1015:
969:
960:
959:
949:
939:
913:
547:
528:
520:
495:
470:
462:
445:
437:
427:
375:Late Pleistocene
348:
337:
329:
321:
310:
253:
246:
156:
155:
134:
124:
54:
21:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2398:Sopas Formation
2308:Pliocene horses
2298:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2283:
2278:
2270:
2265:
2257:
2252:
2244:
2239:
2231:
2226:
2218:
2213:
2205:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2172:
2162:
2149:
2063:Haringtonhippus
2048:
1958:
1923:
1840:
1738:
1694:
1684:
1654:
1653:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1250:(6): e1862132.
1237:
1236:
1229:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1184:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1041:(3): 20141058.
1035:Biology Letters
1027:
1026:
1019:
971:
970:
963:
915:
914:
907:
902:
859:
823:
793:carbon fixation
789:
783:
778:
739:
699:
633:
624:
615:
606:
597:
588:
473:Haringtonhippus
400:Although early
398:
393:
343:
335:
327:
316:
305:
286:(Gervais, 1855)
252:
244:
150:
125:
123:
122:
121:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
50:2.5–0.011
49:
48:
46:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2441:
2439:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2300:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2276:
2263:
2250:
2237:
2224:
2211:
2198:
2182:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2081:
2080:
2077:Parapliohippus
2073:
2066:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2029:Pseudhipparion
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1980:Cormohipparion
1976:
1973:Cremohipparion
1968:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1941:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1850:
1848:
1846:Anchitheriinae
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1734:Perissodactyla
1730:
1728:Laurasiatheria
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1691:(Horse family)
1685:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1651:
1600:
1553:
1512:
1465:
1453:
1423:
1356:
1327:
1315:
1285:
1227:
1214:(1): 241–254.
1194:
1182:
1155:(3): e925909.
1132:
1078:
1017:
982:(5): 533–538.
961:
904:
903:
901:
898:
866:Before Present
858:
855:
822:
819:
787:
781:
776:
769:suggests that
738:
735:
698:
695:
630:
629:
626:
625:
621:
620:
617:
616:
612:
611:
608:
607:
603:
602:
599:
598:
594:
593:
590:
589:
585:
584:
581:
580:
569:
566:
565:
562:
561:
550:
545:
543:
540:
539:
536:
535:
523:
518:
516:
513:
512:
509:
508:
498:
493:
491:
482:
481:
478:
477:
465:
460:
458:
455:
454:
451:
450:
440:
435:
433:
425:
397:
394:
392:
389:
352:
351:
350:
349:
338:
330:
322:
311:
297:
296:
290:
289:
288:
287:
281:
275:
270:(Lund, 1846) (
262:
261:
257:
256:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
205:Perissodactyla
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
144:
143:
136:
135:
127:
126:
118:
117:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
55:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2440:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1862:Archaeohippus
1859:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1814:Protorohippus
1811:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1466:
1456:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1328:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
976:
968:
966:
962:
957:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
929:
925:
924:
919:
912:
910:
906:
899:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
856:
854:
852:
848:
847:Southern Cone
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
820:
818:
817:
815:
814:Equus neogeus
810:
806:
802:
801:H. principale
798:
794:
790:
779:
772:
768:
767:
758:
755:
751:
748:
743:
736:
734:
732:
728:
727:H. principale
724:
720:
717:Specimens of
711:
703:
696:
694:
692:
688:
684:
683:H. principale
680:
676:
672:
668:
666:
662:
658:
655:
651:
647:
646:
641:
637:
628:
627:
619:
618:
610:
609:
601:
600:
592:
591:
583:
582:
579:
577:
576:
568:
567:
564:
563:
560:
558:
557:
549:
548:
542:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
532:
531:Equus ovodovi
522:
521:
515:
514:
511:
510:
507:
506:(wild horse)
505:
504:
497:
496:
490:
489:
484:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
474:
464:
463:
457:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
439:
438:
432:
429:
428:
424:
422:
420:
415:
411:
407:
403:
395:
390:
388:
386:
385:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
359:
346:
342:
341:Parahipparion
339:
334:
331:
326:
323:
319:
315:
312:
308:
304:
301:
300:
298:
295:
291:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
269:
268:H. principale
266:
265:
263:
258:
251:
250:
243:
240:
239:
236:
233:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
154:
149:
145:
141:
140:H. principale
137:
133:
128:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
53:
44:
40:
36:
32:
26:
22:
19:
2177:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2098:
2091:
2087:Protohippina
2084:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2041:
2036:Shanxihippus
2034:
2027:
2020:
2015:Neohipparion
2013:
2006:
2001:Hippotherium
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:Hipparionini
1951:
1946:Acritohippus
1944:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1883:Kalobatippus
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1855:Anchitherium
1853:
1835:Xenicohippus
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1793:Heptaconodon
1791:
1784:
1777:
1772:Ghazijhippus
1770:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1637:11336/120270
1617:
1613:
1603:
1570:
1566:
1556:
1529:
1525:
1515:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1458:, retrieved
1436:
1426:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1340:
1330:
1320:, retrieved
1298:
1288:
1247:
1243:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1152:
1148:
1098:
1094:
1038:
1034:
979:
973:
927:
923:PLOS Biology
921:
889:
882:Piedra Museo
873:
861:
860:
849:, including
842:
838:
830:
826:
824:
821:Distribution
812:
800:
796:
770:
765:
762:
746:
737:Paleobiology
730:
726:
722:
718:
716:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
669:
664:
656:
653:
649:
643:
635:
634:
573:
571:
554:
552:
529:
525:
501:
500:
486:
471:
467:
446:
442:
417:
413:
410:Equus ferus,
409:
399:
382:
363:little horse
362:
357:
356:
355:
340:
333:Onohippidium
332:
325:Onohippidion
324:
313:
302:
283:
277:
267:
248:
247:
139:
24:
18:
2116:Astrohippus
2100:Protohippus
2043:Sivalhippus
1953:Merychippus
1869:Desmatippus
1786:Haplohippus
1743:Basal forms
1726:Superorder
1720:Infraclass
1370:BMC Ecology
930:(8): e241.
825:Fossils of
723:H. devillei
697:Description
691:H. devillei
687:H. saldiasi
679:H. devillei
575:Hippotigris
503:Equus ferus
485:Genus
402:ancient DNA
336:Moreno 1891
328:Filhol 1888
303:Hipphaplous
284:H. devillei
278:H. saldiasi
221:Subfamily:
2302:Categories
2144:Pliohippus
2123:Dinohippus
1918:Sinohippus
1911:Parahippus
1897:Mesohippus
1890:Megahippus
1876:Hypohippus
1828:Sifrhippus
1800:Pliolophus
1779:Eurohippus
1614:Quaternary
1573:: 107851.
1485:: 106025.
1460:2024-01-20
1322:2024-01-19
900:References
857:Extinction
780:or mixed C
754:prehensile
406:wild horse
314:Hipphaplus
280:Roth, 1899
254:Owen, 1869
2348:Ensenadan
2178:Hippidion
2137:Hippidion
2108:Subtribe
2085:Subtribe
2008:Nannippus
1994:Hipparion
1904:Miohippus
1821:Orohippus
1765:Erihippus
1758:Epihippus
1646:2571-550X
1620:(3): 28.
1595:253876769
1548:2296-701X
1507:210240458
1400:1472-6785
1376:(1): 15.
1280:233706381
1272:0272-4634
1177:0272-4634
1055:1744-9561
890:Hippidion
874:Hippidion
862:Hippidion
851:Patagonia
827:Hippidion
771:Hippidion
747:Hippidion
731:Hippidion
671:Hippidion
665:Hippidion
657:Hippidion
650:Hippidion
636:Hippidion
578:(zebras)
572:Subgenus
553:Subgenus
447:Hippidion
414:Hippidion
396:Evolution
361:(meaning
358:Hippidion
249:Hippidion
171:Kingdom:
165:Eukaryota
142:skeleton
25:Hippidion
2353:Lujanian
2187:Wikidata
2093:Calippus
1751:Eohippus
1722:Eutheria
1716:Mammalia
1710:Chordata
1704:Animalia
1702:Kingdom
1418:21672241
1127:29182148
1073:25762573
1012:19069554
1004:18398561
956:15974804
884:site in
805:browsing
750:browsing
689:, while
559:(asses)
391:Taxonomy
379:Lujanian
371:Pliocene
345:Ameghino
318:Ameghino
307:Ameghino
294:Synonyms
260:Species
211:Family:
195:Mammalia
185:Chordata
181:Phylum:
175:Animalia
161:Domain:
43:Lujanian
35:Holocene
31:Pliocene
2246:1012526
2233:4830458
2220:4452292
2193:Q133193
1929:Equinae
1708:Phylum
1688:Equidae
1575:Bibcode
1532:: 226.
1487:Bibcode
1409:3129290
1378:Bibcode
1252:Bibcode
1157:Bibcode
1118:5705217
1064:4387498
984:Bibcode
947:1159165
809:grazing
241:Genus:
231:Tribe:
225:Equinae
215:Equidae
201:Order:
191:Class:
119:↓
2428:Equini
2343:Uquian
2272:338261
2259:216181
2207:717114
2110:Equina
2054:Equini
1732:Order
1714:Class
1644:
1593:
1546:
1505:
1451:
1416:
1406:
1398:
1313:
1278:
1270:
1175:
1125:
1115:
1071:
1061:
1053:
1010:
1002:
954:
944:
878:Pampas
835:Pampas
795:. The
640:Equini
556:Asinus
431:Equini
367:equine
235:Equini
39:Uquian
2285:43001
2241:IRMNG
2130:Equus
1591:S2CID
1503:S2CID
1276:S2CID
1095:eLife
1008:S2CID
791:type
752:with
645:Equus
488:Equus
2254:NCBI
2228:GBIF
2202:BOLD
1642:ISSN
1544:ISSN
1449:ISBN
1414:PMID
1396:ISSN
1311:ISBN
1268:ISSN
1173:ISSN
1123:PMID
1069:PMID
1051:ISSN
1000:PMID
952:PMID
807:and
784:and
757:lips
677:and
347:1904
320:1882
309:1882
272:type
58:PreꞒ
2215:EoL
1632:hdl
1622:doi
1583:doi
1571:298
1534:doi
1495:doi
1483:225
1441:doi
1404:PMC
1386:doi
1345:doi
1303:doi
1260:doi
1216:doi
1165:doi
1113:PMC
1103:doi
1059:PMC
1043:doi
992:doi
942:PMC
932:doi
759:.
2304::
2282::
2269::
2256::
2243::
2230::
2217::
2204::
2189::
2113::
2090::
1640:.
1630:.
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1589:.
1581:.
1569:.
1565:.
1542:.
1528:.
1524:.
1501:.
1493:.
1481:.
1477:.
1447:,
1435:,
1412:.
1402:.
1394:.
1384:.
1374:11
1372:.
1368:.
1343:.
1339:.
1309:,
1297:,
1274:.
1266:.
1258:.
1248:40
1246:.
1242:.
1230:^
1212:23
1210:.
1206:.
1185:^
1171:.
1163:.
1153:35
1151:.
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1135:^
1121:.
1111:.
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1093:.
1081:^
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998:.
990:.
980:66
978:.
964:^
950:.
940:.
926:.
920:.
908:^
797:δC
766:δC
408:,
387:.
108:Pg
52:Ma
1679:e
1672:t
1665:v
1648:.
1634::
1624::
1618:2
1597:.
1585::
1577::
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1388::
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994::
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958:.
934::
928:3
816:.
788:4
786:C
782:3
777:3
775:C
654:.
527:†
469:†
444:†
421:.
377:(
274:)
245:†
113:N
103:K
98:J
93:T
88:P
83:C
78:D
73:S
68:O
63:Ꞓ
47:~
45:)
41:-
37:(
33:-
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