693:
64:
36:
57:
29:
283:(APLH) organized protests as an attempt to reverse the Culture Ministry's decision to allow the building over the hippodrome. Following the litigation brought by APLH, the court suspended on May 31, 2012, the Culture Ministry's decision, N˚ 849, to dismantle the Roman Hippodrome that would have allowed for the construction of a building project on the site. The site was protected until 2015 when construction began again.
1086:
279:, the Culture Minister at the time, approved in March 2012 plans for a luxury residential complex to be built over the ruins of Beirut's Roman Hippodrome, bypassing the recommendations of three of his predecessors: Tarek Mitri, Salim Wardé, and Tammam Salam. The
188:, which was an immensely popular and highly partisan spectator sport throughout the Roman Empire; the track would have been surrounded by seating tiers for spectators. The Berytus hippodrome is mentioned in the anonymous, late 4th century
228:
Its stone was later mined and reused in the construction of other buildings, according to archeologist Lee Levine. Its outline remained sufficiently clear in the 20th century for identification as a hippodrome by the archaeologist
619:
233:. Its groundworks were partially excavated in 1988. An approximately 90-meter section of wall has been uncovered, alongside the straight, and the foundations of seating tiers at the semi-circular end.
1074:
571:
280:
612:
528:
The three previous
Culture Ministers, Mitri, Wardé, and Salam criticized Layoun's move and reiterated the importance of protecting and preserving the archeological site
447:
2017:
605:
1067:
540:
225:) led to their gradual abandonment as places of costly, officially subsidised mass entertainment. The hippodrome at Berytus fell into disuse and disrepair.
1052:
2012:
1060:
477:
579:
56:
995:
103:
505:
657:
28:
419:
369:
190:
317:
1426:
184:, comprising starting gates and a circuit of two straight tracks connected by a semicircular end. The circus was mostly used for
2032:
2022:
1191:
1041:
764:
1946:
403:
353:
692:
455:
980:
194:("A description of the world and its people") as one of the five best racing circuits in the Levant, the others being at
1931:
1631:
950:
729:
719:
677:
230:
548:
990:
930:
1881:
1531:
935:
256:
In 2009, the site was officially listed in the general inventory of historic buildings, and the
Culture Minister
1276:
1251:
834:
784:
662:
241:
985:
724:
572:"Hippodrome Romain de Beyrouth: La Justice suspend la décision de démantèlement suite au recours de l'APPL"
1936:
1561:
1090:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
960:
874:
1596:
1471:
1141:
1025:
965:
794:
779:
199:
1841:
1836:
1341:
1961:
829:
682:
1866:
1851:
1646:
1586:
945:
652:
647:
482:
271:
169:
1891:
1201:
940:
292:
1921:
1681:
1676:
1606:
1146:
879:
714:
672:
667:
515:
425:
415:
397:
375:
365:
347:
237:
203:
165:
153:
141:
2027:
1926:
1546:
1536:
1476:
1431:
1386:
1316:
1286:
1266:
899:
864:
814:
407:
393:
357:
343:
214:
1951:
1846:
1796:
1766:
1746:
1716:
1691:
1686:
1636:
1601:
1291:
909:
1516:
597:
1981:
1916:
1896:
1831:
1801:
1751:
1731:
1726:
1706:
1696:
1671:
1551:
1511:
1421:
1311:
1161:
894:
839:
769:
245:
222:
185:
177:
2006:
1956:
1886:
1821:
1776:
1741:
1566:
1331:
1326:
1271:
1256:
1166:
970:
904:
709:
207:
1911:
1901:
1871:
1861:
1826:
1816:
1811:
1786:
1771:
1761:
1736:
1711:
1466:
1451:
1381:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1241:
1231:
859:
411:
361:
181:
506:"Former culture ministers lash out at Layoun over Beirut's Roman hippodrome issue"
176:, occupying an area of 3500 m, and was probably similar in overall design to the
1971:
1906:
1876:
1806:
1756:
1576:
1506:
1406:
1156:
975:
510:
276:
257:
1986:
1966:
1856:
1781:
1701:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1621:
1571:
1461:
1376:
1301:
1206:
1181:
1176:
1131:
1126:
869:
849:
809:
774:
749:
218:
118:
105:
1791:
1721:
1666:
1526:
1521:
1501:
1491:
1441:
1411:
1391:
1306:
1226:
1216:
854:
844:
799:
429:
379:
1991:
1976:
1481:
1436:
1416:
1281:
1121:
955:
914:
744:
217:, violent factional and political disturbances at circuses (such as the
1641:
1626:
1581:
1556:
1496:
1486:
1456:
1401:
1396:
1351:
1321:
1236:
1211:
1196:
1136:
1101:
1085:
824:
642:
262:
195:
145:
91:
1611:
1446:
1296:
1261:
1246:
1221:
1151:
1111:
884:
819:
789:
754:
173:
149:
87:
1941:
1616:
1116:
1106:
889:
734:
1371:
1346:
1336:
1186:
1171:
804:
759:
739:
1056:
601:
318:"Save Beirut's Heritage: The Roman Hippodrome To Be Demolished"
1541:
478:"L'hippodrome romain de Beyrouth englouti par les promoteurs"
172:
of
Berytus (modern Beirut). It was one of the largest in the
448:"Minister of Culture "Dismantles" Beirut's Roman Hippodrome"
441:
439:
281:
Association for the
Protection of the Lebanese Heritage
269:
According to an article appearing in the French daily,
923:
700:
633:
97:
83:
541:"Protest called to protect Lebanese ancient ruins"
1068:
613:
63:
35:
8:
213:During the 6th and the 7th centuries of the
16:
1075:
1061:
1053:
620:
606:
598:
248:, the historic, Jewish quarter of Beirut.
15:
399:Roman Circuses: Arenas for Chariot Racing
349:Roman Circuses: Arenas for Chariot Racing
981:List of Christian cathedrals in Lebanon
304:
2018:Archaeological discoveries in Lebanon
1038:UNESCO World Heritage Sites Proposed
996:Saint George Greek Orthodox Cathedral
628:Roman archaeological sites in Lebanon
7:
312:
310:
308:
266:and turned into a tourist landmark.
446:Alkantar, Bassam (13 March 2012).
260:ruled that it should be preserved
14:
915:Roman temple to Venus in Yammoune
191:Expositio totius mundi et gentium
1084:
691:
168:was built close to the port and
62:
55:
34:
27:
2013:1988 archaeological discoveries
1091:Archaeological sites in Lebanon
1042:Category:Roman sites in Lebanon
547:. 20 March 2012. Archived from
71:Hippodrome of Berytus (Lebanon)
1947:Tripolis (region of Phoenicia)
815:Khirbet El-Knese roman temples
412:10.1080/00665983.1987.11021240
404:University of California Press
362:10.1080/00665983.1987.11021240
354:University of California Press
1:
514:. 11 May 2012. Archived from
1632:Stone of the Pregnant Woman
1592:Roman hippodrome of Berytus
971:Saint Barbara of Heliopolis
951:Stone of the Pregnant Woman
890:Colonia Aurelia Pia "Sidon"
730:Temples of the Beqaa Valley
720:Temple of Jupiter (Baalbek)
683:Roman Law school of Berytus
678:Roman hippodrome of Berytus
578:(in French). Archived from
231:Robert du Mesnil du Buisson
2049:
991:Catholic Church in Lebanon
486:(in French). 16 March 2012
1882:Tell Shaikh Hassan al Rai
1532:Phoenician port of Beirut
1452:Lake Qaraoun (Ain Jaouze)
1097:
1034:
936:Phoenice (Roman province)
795:Mansourieh Roman aqueduct
689:
668:Berytus Colonnaded street
658:Cisterns of Berytus Baths
570:Redaction (31 May 2012).
21:
1252:Canalizations of Zenobia
895:Temnin el-Foka nymphaeum
835:Monastery of Saint Maron
785:Canalizations of Zenobia
322:A Separate State of Mind
242:Maghen Abraham Synagogue
1437:Kouachra megalith field
1327:Heliopolis in Phoenicia
986:Christianity in Lebanon
750:Ain Harcha roman temple
725:Temples of Mount Hermon
663:Berytus Cardo Decumanus
144:in the Roman colony of
2033:Ancient Roman circuses
2023:Roman sites in Lebanon
1937:Temple of the Obelisks
1587:Roman Forum of Berytus
1487:Mdoukha (Jebel Kassir)
1237:Berytus (Roman Beirut)
1021:6th century in Lebanon
1016:5th century in Lebanon
1011:4th century in Lebanon
1006:3rd century in Lebanon
1001:2nd century in Lebanon
961:Marcus Valerius Probus
648:Roman Forum of Berytus
1597:Roman temple of Bziza
1142:Akkar plain foothills
1026:551 Beirut earthquake
966:Eudokia of Heliopolis
900:Tripolis in Phoenicia
154:hippodromes in Beirut
138:hippodrome of Berytus
119:33.89694°N 35.49972°E
17:Hippodrome of Berytus
885:Schleem roman temple
865:Qal'at Bustra temple
830:Monastery of Qozhaya
825:Libbaya roman temple
406:. pp. 491–492.
152:). It is one of two
1852:Tell Rasm El Hadeth
946:Phoenice Libanensis
820:Labweh Roman temple
653:Berytus Roman Baths
115: /
74:Show map of Lebanon
43:Shown within Beirut
18:
1892:Tell Sultan Yakoub
1842:Tell Neba'a Litani
1837:Tell Neba'a Chaate
1202:Baidar ech Chamout
941:Palaestina Secunda
840:Nahle roman temple
810:Kafr Zabad temples
551:on 18 January 2018
458:on 18 January 2018
293:Circus of Carthage
124:33.89694; 35.49972
46:Show map of Beirut
2000:
1999:
1932:Temple of Jupiter
1922:Temple of Bacchus
1682:Tell Ain Ghessali
1677:Tell Ain el Meten
1607:Saraain El Faouqa
1050:
1049:
880:Saraain El Faouqa
715:Temple of Bacchus
673:Byzantine mosaics
545:Al-Akhbar English
452:Al-Akhbar English
394:Humphrey, John H.
344:Humphrey, John H.
240:site is near the
134:
133:
2040:
1927:Temple of Eshmun
1537:Plain of Zgharta
1477:Maronite mummies
1432:Khirbet El-Knese
1387:Kamouh el Hermel
1317:Haret ech Cheikh
1287:Douris (Baalbek)
1267:Deir El Aachayer
1089:
1088:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1054:
845:Nebi Safa temple
800:Hebbariye temple
755:Amioun Monastery
703:(actual Lebanon)
695:
622:
615:
608:
599:
592:
591:
589:
587:
567:
561:
560:
558:
556:
537:
531:
530:
525:
523:
502:
496:
495:
493:
491:
483:L'Orient-Le Jour
474:
468:
467:
465:
463:
454:. Archived from
443:
434:
433:
390:
384:
383:
340:
334:
333:
331:
329:
314:
272:L'Orient-Le Jour
215:Byzantine Empire
130:
129:
127:
126:
125:
120:
116:
113:
112:
111:
108:
75:
66:
65:
59:
47:
38:
37:
31:
19:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1952:Tyre Necropolis
1847:Tell Qasr Labwe
1797:Tell Kabb Elias
1767:Tell Hoch Rafqa
1747:Tell El Ghassil
1717:Tell Bir Dakoue
1692:Tell Ain Saouda
1687:Tell Ain Nfaikh
1637:Tahun ben Aissa
1602:Sands of Beirut
1342:Jabal es Saaïdé
1292:Elaea (Lebanon)
1277:Deir Mar Maroun
1093:
1083:
1081:
1051:
1046:
1030:
919:
910:Tyre Necropolis
875:Castra El Banat
745:Ain Aata temple
702:
701:Roman Phoenicia
696:
687:
636:(actual Beirut)
635:
629:
626:
596:
595:
585:
583:
569:
568:
564:
554:
552:
539:
538:
534:
521:
519:
504:
503:
499:
489:
487:
476:
475:
471:
461:
459:
445:
444:
437:
422:
392:
391:
387:
372:
356:. p. 441.
342:
341:
337:
327:
325:
316:
315:
306:
301:
289:
254:
162:
123:
121:
117:
114:
109:
106:
104:
102:
101:
79:
78:
77:
76:
73:
72:
69:
68:
67:
50:
49:
48:
45:
44:
41:
40:
39:
12:
11:
5:
2046:
2044:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1917:Temnin el-Foka
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1897:Tell Taalabaya
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1832:Tell Nahariyah
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1802:Tell Majdaloun
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1752:Tell El Hadeth
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1732:Tell Derzenoun
1729:
1727:Tell Delhamieh
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1707:Tell Bar Elias
1704:
1699:
1697:Tell Ain Sofar
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1672:Tell Ain Cerif
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1552:Qalaat Tannour
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1512:Nahle, Lebanon
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1422:Khallet Michte
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1162:Anjar, Lebanon
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
927:
925:
921:
920:
918:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
706:
704:
698:
697:
690:
688:
686:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
639:
637:
631:
630:
627:
625:
624:
617:
610:
602:
594:
593:
582:on 5 June 2012
562:
532:
518:on 14 May 2012
497:
469:
435:
420:
385:
370:
335:
303:
302:
300:
297:
296:
295:
288:
285:
253:
250:
246:Wadi Abu Jamil
223:Constantinople
186:chariot racing
178:Circus Maximus
161:
158:
132:
131:
99:
95:
94:
85:
81:
80:
70:
61:
60:
54:
53:
52:
51:
42:
33:
32:
26:
25:
24:
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2045:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1887:Tell Shamsine
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:Tell Mureibit
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:Tell Khardane
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:Tell el-Burak
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1567:Ras Baalbek I
1565:
1563:
1562:Qasr el Banat
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1547:Qal'at Bustra
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1332:Hermel plains
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1272:Deir Al-Ahmar
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:Dahr El Ahmar
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1192:Augusti Pagus
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1167:Antelias cave
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
931:Roman Lebanon
929:
928:
926:
922:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
790:Dakoue temple
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
765:Augusti Pagus
763:
761:
760:Arca Caesarea
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
705:
699:
694:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
638:
634:Roman Berytus
632:
623:
618:
616:
611:
609:
604:
603:
600:
581:
577:
573:
566:
563:
550:
546:
542:
536:
533:
529:
517:
513:
512:
507:
501:
498:
485:
484:
479:
473:
470:
457:
453:
449:
442:
440:
436:
431:
427:
423:
421:9780520049215
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
400:
395:
389:
386:
381:
377:
373:
371:9780520049215
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:
345:
339:
336:
324:. 18 May 2012
323:
319:
313:
311:
309:
305:
298:
294:
291:
290:
286:
284:
282:
278:
274:
273:
267:
265:
264:
259:
251:
249:
247:
243:
239:
234:
232:
226:
224:
220:
216:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
159:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
128:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
58:
30:
20:
1912:Tell Zeitoun
1902:Tell Wardeen
1872:Tell Saoudhi
1867:Tell Safiyeh
1862:Tell Saatiya
1827:Tell Murtafa
1817:Tell Meouchi
1812:Tell Mekhada
1787:Tell Jezireh
1772:Tell Karmita
1762:Tell Hazzine
1737:Tell Dibbine
1712:Tell Beshara
1591:
1517:Neba'a Faour
1467:Majdal Anjar
1382:Kamid el-Loz
1367:Joub Jannine
1362:Jeita Grotto
1357:Jebel Aabeby
1312:Hadeth south
1242:Bustan Birke
1232:Belat temple
870:Castra Chbib
860:Qalaat Faqra
780:Bziza temple
770:Bakka temple
735:Aaqbe temple
584:. Retrieved
580:the original
575:
565:
553:. Retrieved
549:the original
544:
535:
527:
520:. Retrieved
516:the original
509:
500:
488:. Retrieved
481:
472:
460:. Retrieved
456:the original
451:
398:
388:
348:
338:
326:. Retrieved
321:
270:
268:
261:
255:
252:Preservation
235:
227:
212:
189:
163:
148:(modern-day
137:
135:
1972:Wadi Yaroun
1962:Umm al-Amad
1907:Tell Zenoub
1877:Tell Serhan
1807:Tell Masoud
1757:Tell Fadous
1577:Ras El Kelb
1507:Nachcharini
1407:Kafr Tebnit
1157:Amlaq Qatih
976:Coele-Syria
805:Iaat column
511:Now Lebanon
277:Gaby Layoun
258:Tamam Salam
122: /
98:Coordinates
2007:Categories
1987:Ain W Zain
1967:Wadi Koura
1857:Tell Rayak
1782:Tell Kirri
1702:Tell Ayoub
1662:Tell Addus
1657:Tell Ablah
1652:Tell Aalaq
1622:Sin el Fil
1572:Ras Beirut
1472:Mansourieh
1462:Lion Tower
1377:Kafr Zabad
1302:Fadous Sud
1207:Batroumine
1182:Ard Tlaili
1177:Ard Saouda
1132:Ain Harcha
1127:Ain Choaab
775:Batroumine
710:Heliopolis
576:Libna News
299:References
238:hippodrome
219:Nike riots
166:hippodrome
110:35°29′59″E
107:33°53′49″N
1792:Tell Jisr
1722:Tell Deir
1667:Tell Ahle
1527:Hosn Niha
1522:Nebi Safa
1502:Nabi Zair
1492:Moukhtara
1442:Ksar Akil
1412:Kfar Qouq
1392:Karak Nuh
1307:Hebbariye
1227:Beit Mery
1217:Bechamoun
855:Hosn Niha
1977:Yammoune
1482:Mayrouba
1427:Kharayeb
1417:Kfarhata
1282:Dekwaneh
1147:Al-Bireh
1122:Ain Aata
956:Ulpianus
396:(1986).
346:(1986).
287:See also
204:Caesarea
200:Laodicea
84:Location
2028:Berytus
1627:Sarepta
1582:Rashaya
1557:Qaraoun
1497:Mtaileb
1457:Libbaya
1402:Kefraya
1397:Kaukaba
1352:Jdeideh
1322:Hashbai
1212:Batroun
1197:Baalbek
1137:Akbiyeh
1102:Aadloun
924:Related
643:Berytus
555:14 July
522:14 July
490:14 July
462:14 July
430:8826280
380:8826280
328:14 July
263:in situ
196:Antioch
160:History
146:Berytus
92:Lebanon
1647:Tayibe
1612:Shheem
1447:Labweh
1297:Flaoui
1262:Dakoue
1247:Byblos
1222:Beirut
1172:Apheca
1152:Amioun
1112:Aammiq
586:1 June
428:
418:
378:
368:
174:Levant
150:Beirut
142:circus
140:was a
88:Beirut
1992:Zahlé
1982:Yanta
1942:Toron
1642:Taire
1617:Sidon
1117:Aaqbe
1107:Aaiha
905:Tyrus
208:Tyrus
170:forum
1957:Tyre
1372:Jieh
1347:Jbaa
1337:Iaat
1187:Arqa
850:Niha
740:Afqa
588:2012
557:2018
524:2018
492:2018
464:2018
426:OCLC
416:ISBN
376:OCLC
366:ISBN
330:2018
236:The
206:and
182:Rome
164:The
136:The
1542:Qaa
408:doi
358:doi
244:in
221:in
180:in
2009::
574:.
543:.
526:.
508:.
480:.
450:.
438:^
424:.
414:.
402:.
374:.
364:.
352:.
320:.
307:^
275:,
210:.
202:,
198:,
156:.
90:,
1076:e
1069:t
1062:v
621:e
614:t
607:v
590:.
559:.
494:.
466:.
432:.
410::
382:.
360::
332:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
