990:
124:
363:
627:
111:
1106:
885:
Fiore, I., Bondolli, L., Coppa, A., Macchiarelli, R., Russom, R., Kashay, H., Solomon, T., Rook, L., Libsekal, Y., 2004. Taphonomic analysis of the late early
Pleistocene bone remains from Buia (Dandero Basin, Danakil Depression, Eritrea): evidence for large mammal and reptile butchery. Rivista
903:
Gowlett, John A.J.; Stanistreet, Ian G.; Albert, Rosa M.; Blackbird, Sabena J.; Herries, Andy I.R.; Hoare, Sally; Kogai, Philip; Komboh, Caroline K.; Mark, Darren F.; Muriuki, Rebecca M.; Murphy, Hayley; Rucina, Stephen M.; Stollhofen, Harald (January 2022).
472:. These include El-Kherba in Algeria, dating to around 1.8 million years ago (mya), Kilombe caldera in Kenya, dating to around 1.76 mya, and the Buia site in Eritrea dating to the late Early Pleistocene, around 1 mya. Often at these sites tools from the
476:
industry are present. At
Kilombe and Buia, it is unclear whether the hippos were hunted or scavenged. It is unlikely that healthy adult individuals were hunted, as with living hippopotamuses, they were likely dangerous.
503:
942:"The first evidence of cut marks and usewear traces from the Plio-Pleistocene locality of El-Kherba (Ain Hanech), Algeria: implications for early hominin subsistence activities circa 1.8 Ma"
940:
Sahnouni, Mohamed; Rosell, Jordi; van der Made, Jan; Vergès, Josep MarĂa; OllĂ©, Andreu; Kandi, Nadia; Harichane, Zoheir; Derradji, Abdelkader; Medig, Mohamed (February 2013).
729:"The ontogenetic pattern of Hippopotamus gorgops Dietrich, 1928 revealed by a juvenile cranium from the one-million-years-old paleoanthropological site of Buia (Eritrea)"
1150:
655:. In: Krzyżaniak L, Kroeper K, Kobusiewicz M, editors. Recent Research into the Stone Age of Northeastern Africa. Poznań: Poznań Archaeological Museum; 2000. p. 33–46.
1194:
509:. In Proceedings of the II Meeting of African Prehistory: Burgos 15-16 April, 2015, Sahnouni M, Semaw S, Rios Garaizar J (eds). CENIEH: Burgos; 135–169.
1199:
1052:
815:"Large mammal diets and paleoecology across the Oldowan–Acheulean transition at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania from stable isotope and tooth wear analyses"
1209:
727:
MartĂNez-Navarro, Bienvenido; Pandolfi, Luca; Medin, Tsegai; Libsekal, Yosief; Ghinassi, Massimiliano; Papini, Mauro; Rook, Lorenzo (2022-02-22).
666:
563:
Pandolfi, Luca; Martino, Roberta; Belvedere, Matteo; MartĂnez-Navarro, Bienvenido; Medin, Tsegai; Libsekal, Yosief; Rook, Lorenzo (15 May 2023).
1204:
1189:
628:"The fossil Bovidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel: Out of Africa during the early-middle Pleistocene transition"
1143:
538:"Taxonomy, chronology, and dispersal patterns of Western European Quaternary hippopotamuses: New insight from Portuguese fossil material"
1184:
1179:
1169:
1136:
652:
1174:
604:
123:
569:
343:
813:
Uno, Kevin T.; Rivals, Florent; Bibi, Faysal; Pante, Michael; Njau, Jackson; de la Torre, Ignacio (July 2018).
448:
suggests a largely grazing diet. The elevated orbits have led to suggestions of a more aquatic lifestyle than
1007:
728:
1078:
338:
301:
296:
238:
219:
775:
1039:
464:
Remains with cut or fracture marks from sites across Africa from the Early
Pleistocene indicate that
346:
locality in Israel, dating to approximately 1.6 million years ago, with some authors suggesting that
259:
195:
995:
452:
though its robust limbs indicate that it was probably capable of moving efficiently on land, like
980:
941:
905:
814:
564:
537:
325:
284:
118:
1083:
1065:
795:
756:
704:
686:
321:
280:
1070:
855:
953:
917:
863:
834:
826:
787:
746:
736:
694:
678:
578:
565:"The latest Early Pleistocene hippopotami from the human-bearing locality of Buia (Eritrea)"
545:
441:
401:
366:
776:"Stable isotope ecology of fossil hippopotamids from the Lake Turkana Basin of East Africa"
389:
264:
254:
384:), with an estimated body mass of over 4,000 kilograms (8,800 lb). In comparison to
1120:
699:
536:
Martino, Roberta; RĂos, Maria Ibanez; Mateus, Octavio; Pandolfi, Luca (December 2022).
469:
409:
393:
268:
185:
362:
1163:
856:"Investigating Ecological and Phylogenetic Constraints in Hippopotamidae Skull Shape"
791:
437:
61:
582:
299:
in 1928. It is closely related and possibly ancestral to the large
European species
110:
429:
405:
377:
328:. The species, along with other hippopotamids, was abundant at Buia in present-day
520:
Wissenschaftliche
Ergebnisse des Oldoway Expedetion Herausgeben Von Prof. Dr. Reck
316:
is known from remains found across
Northern and Eastern Africa, spanning from the
957:
921:
830:
549:
1116:
741:
518:
Dietrich, W. O. (1928). Pleistocäne
Deutsch–Ostafrikanische Hippopotamus–reste.
175:
36:
1105:
1030:
867:
605:"Les mammifères du Pleistocène inférieur de la vallée du Jourdain à Oubeidiyeh"
1113:
985:
317:
81:
46:
799:
760:
690:
392:
and nasal openings are elevated higher above the rest of the skull, with the
275:. One of the largest hippopotamus species, it first appeared during the late
854:
Pandolfi, Luca; Martino, Roberta; Rook, Lorenzo; Piras, Paolo (2020-01-09).
433:
135:
86:
708:
667:"The evolutionary biomechanics of locomotor function in giant land animals"
1024:
774:
Harris, J. M.; Cerling, T. E.; Leakey, M. G.; Passey, B. H. (July 2008).
445:
276:
155:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
839:
751:
1057:
682:
473:
444:
suggests a mixed feeding diet (including both browse and grass), while
397:
329:
91:
66:
412:
were also proportionally taller, and the palate was elongate. In life
272:
165:
145:
1001:
906:"New Oldowan localities at high level within Kilombe Caldera, Kenya"
400:
being shorter. This likely meant a more forward attachment of the
361:
972:, C. (1995): Note on the taxonomy of Pleistocene hippopotamuses.
1044:
396:
being shorter, resulting in the distance between the orbits and
1005:
653:
Kaddanarti, a Lower
Pleistocene Assemblage from Northern Sudan
507:
from El Kherba (Algeria) and the context of its biogeography
1124:
502:
van der Made J, Sahnouni M & Boulaghraief K. 2017.
886:
1014:
860:Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia
295:The species was described by German scientist
1144:
8:
1151:
1137:
1002:
376:grew substantially larger than the living
109:
20:
838:
750:
740:
698:
651:Chaix L, Faure M, Guérin C, Honegger M.
428:Isotopic analysis of specimens from the
486:
283:, and became extinct during the early
935:
933:
931:
898:
896:
894:
892:
881:
879:
877:
432:Basin suggests a high consumption of
7:
1102:
1100:
722:
720:
718:
641:: 375–386 – via Research Gate.
592:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
416:would have likely greatly resembled
1195:Pliocene species first appearances
665:Hutchinson, John R. (2021-06-01).
14:
1104:
988:
792:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00444.x
354:given their similar morphology.
122:
32:Late Pliocene–Middle Pleistocene
1200:Pleistocene species extinctions
671:Journal of Experimental Biology
583:10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108039
1210:Prehistoric Artiodactyla stubs
369:showing the raised eye sockets
1:
1205:Fossil taxa described in 1928
1190:Pleistocene mammals of Africa
1123:. You can help Knowledge by
958:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.10.007
922:10.1016/j.anthro.2021.102976
831:10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.01.002
626:MartĂnez-Navarro, B (2010).
550:10.1016/j.quaint.2022.12.010
263:known from remains found in
742:10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a7
1226:
1185:Pliocene mammals of Africa
1099:
946:Journal of Human Evolution
819:Journal of Human Evolution
570:Quaternary Science Reviews
350:is actually a synonym of
225:
218:
119:Scientific classification
117:
108:
23:
16:Extinct species of mammal
1180:Pleistocene Artiodactyla
868:10.13130/2039-4942/12730
542:Quaternary International
460:Relationship with humans
1170:Extinct hippopotamuses
1119:-related article is a
862:: V. 126 N. 1 (2020).
733:Comptes Rendus Palevol
370:
336:alongside the species
332:. Remains assigned to
324:boundary to the early
1175:Pliocene Artiodactyla
1079:Paleobiology Database
544:: S1040618222003901.
436:. For specimens from
365:
302:Hippopotamus antiquus
297:Wilhelm Otto Dietrich
1016:Hippopotamus gorgops
603:TCHERNOV, E (1986).
505:Hippopotamus gorgops
314:Hippopotamus gorgops
250:Hippopotamus gorgops
232:Hippopotamus gorgops
25:Hippopotamus gorgops
996:Paleontology portal
609:Israel J. Earth Sci
342:are known from the
1117:even-toed ungulate
780:Journal of Zoology
683:10.1242/jeb.217463
371:
326:Middle Pleistocene
285:Middle Pleistocene
1132:
1131:
1094:
1093:
1066:Open Tree of Life
1008:Taxon identifiers
468:was butchered by
322:Early Pleistocene
281:Early Pleistocene
246:
245:
1217:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1108:
1101:
1087:
1086:
1074:
1073:
1061:
1060:
1048:
1047:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1003:
998:
993:
992:
991:
962:
961:
937:
926:
925:
900:
887:
883:
872:
871:
851:
845:
844:
842:
810:
804:
803:
771:
765:
764:
754:
744:
724:
713:
712:
702:
662:
656:
649:
643:
642:
632:
623:
617:
616:
600:
594:
593:
591:
589:
560:
554:
553:
533:
527:
516:
510:
500:
442:dental microwear
402:temporal muscles
367:Life restoration
234:
230:
127:
126:
113:
103:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1082:
1077:
1069:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1043:
1038:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1010:
994:
989:
987:
966:
965:
939:
938:
929:
910:L'Anthropologie
902:
901:
890:
884:
875:
853:
852:
848:
812:
811:
807:
773:
772:
768:
726:
725:
716:
664:
663:
659:
650:
646:
630:
625:
624:
620:
602:
601:
597:
587:
585:
562:
561:
557:
535:
534:
530:
517:
513:
501:
488:
483:
462:
426:
410:sagittal crests
360:
311:
293:
265:Northern Africa
255:extinct species
242:
236:
228:
227:
214:
211:H. gorgops
121:
104:
102:
101:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1223:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1109:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1075:
1062:
1049:
1036:
1020:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1000:
999:
984:
983:
964:
963:
952:(2): 137–150.
927:
888:
873:
846:
805:
786:(3): 323–331.
766:
714:
657:
644:
618:
595:
555:
528:
511:
485:
484:
482:
479:
470:archaic humans
461:
458:
425:
422:
394:temporal fossa
359:
356:
310:
307:
292:
289:
269:Eastern Africa
244:
243:
237:
223:
222:
216:
215:
207:
205:
201:
200:
193:
189:
188:
186:Hippopotamidae
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
115:
114:
106:
105:
97:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
34:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1222:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
997:
986:
982:
978:
975:
971:
968:
967:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
936:
934:
932:
928:
923:
919:
916:(1): 102976.
915:
911:
907:
899:
897:
895:
893:
889:
882:
880:
878:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
850:
847:
841:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
809:
806:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
770:
767:
762:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
734:
730:
723:
721:
719:
715:
710:
706:
701:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
661:
658:
654:
648:
645:
640:
636:
629:
622:
619:
614:
610:
606:
599:
596:
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:
566:
559:
556:
551:
547:
543:
539:
532:
529:
525:
521:
515:
512:
508:
506:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
487:
480:
478:
475:
471:
467:
459:
457:
455:
451:
450:H. amphibius,
447:
443:
440:in Tanzania,
439:
438:Olduvai Gorge
435:
431:
423:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
368:
364:
357:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:Late Pliocene
315:
308:
306:
304:
303:
298:
290:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:
257:of the genus
256:
252:
251:
240:
235:
233:
224:
221:
220:Binomial name
217:
213:
212:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
125:
120:
116:
112:
107:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
1125:expanding it
1111:
1096:
1015:
981:PDF fulltext
976:
973:
969:
949:
945:
913:
909:
859:
849:
840:10261/357120
822:
818:
808:
783:
779:
769:
752:2158/1258116
732:
674:
670:
660:
647:
638:
635:J. Hum. Evol
634:
621:
612:
608:
598:
586:. Retrieved
574:
568:
558:
541:
531:
523:
519:
514:
504:
465:
463:
454:H. amphibius
453:
449:
430:Lake Turkana
427:
418:H. amphibius
417:
413:
386:H. amphibius
385:
382:H. amphibius
381:
378:hippopotamus
373:
372:
351:
347:
337:
333:
313:
312:
309:Distribution
300:
294:
260:Hippopotamus
258:
249:
248:
247:
231:
226:
210:
209:
197:Hippopotamus
196:
176:Artiodactyla
24:
18:
1114:prehistoric
358:Description
352:H. gorgops,
348:H. behemoth
339:H. behemoth
1164:Categories
577:: 108039.
481:References
466:H. gorgops
414:H. gorgops
374:H. gorgops
334:H. gorgops
271:, and the
979:: 53–55.
825:: 76–91.
800:0952-8369
761:1777-571X
691:0022-0949
434:C4 plants
204:Species:
142:Kingdom:
136:Eukaryota
1031:Q2483571
1025:Wikidata
970:Petronio
709:34100541
588:24 April
446:mesowear
344:Ubeidiya
291:Taxonomy
277:Pliocene
239:Dietrich
182:Family:
166:Mammalia
156:Chordata
152:Phylum:
146:Animalia
132:Domain:
1071:3612008
1058:4971581
1045:4445939
700:8214834
615:: 3–36.
526:: 3–41.
474:Oldowan
424:Ecology
398:occiput
330:Eritrea
229:†
208:†
192:Genus:
172:Order:
162:Class:
98:↓
798:
759:
707:
697:
689:
677:(11).
406:nuchal
404:. The
390:orbits
388:, the
273:Levant
253:is an
241:, 1928
1112:This
1084:77339
735:(7).
631:(PDF)
1121:stub
1053:GBIF
974:Ibex
796:ISSN
757:ISSN
705:PMID
687:ISSN
590:2024
408:and
37:Preęž’
1040:EoL
954:doi
918:doi
914:126
864:doi
835:hdl
827:doi
823:120
788:doi
784:275
747:hdl
737:doi
695:PMC
679:doi
675:224
579:doi
575:308
546:doi
305:.
1166::
1081::
1068::
1055::
1042::
1027::
950:64
948:.
944:.
930:^
912:.
908:.
891:^
876:^
858:.
833:.
821:.
817:.
794:.
782:.
778:.
755:.
745:.
731:.
717:^
703:.
693:.
685:.
673:.
669:.
639:60
637:.
633:.
613:36
611:.
607:.
573:.
567:.
540:.
522:,
489:^
456:.
420:.
287:.
267:,
87:Pg
1152:e
1145:t
1138:v
1127:.
977:3
960:.
956::
924:.
920::
870:.
866::
843:.
837::
829::
802:.
790::
763:.
749::
739::
711:.
681::
581::
552:.
548::
524:3
380:(
320:-
279:-
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:ęž’
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
