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Nga, who was a wife, first of Đinh Tiên Hoàng, and later of Lê Đại Hành. The statue of
Empress Dương Vân Nga has a plump and charming face, ruddy skin, and many features of Viet women of that time. Her outer robe is sculpted with supple creases, loosened so as to reveal the inside of the blouse with its special patterns. Her statue displays feminine virtues and youthful qualities designed to project an image of an enthusiastic, talented, keen and beautiful woman.
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439:, the mother of the deposed child king Đinh Toàn. In 982, his forces defeated and repelled two Chinese armies, thus ensuring the country's ongoing independence. Following his death in 1005, Lê Hoàn came to be known by the posthumous name "Lê Đại Hành". His sons fought over the succession, and order was not restored until Lý Công Uẩn took over the country in 1010 and declared the
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526:, a statue of Thiên Tôn, and groups of lacquered and gilded Buddhist statues. A unique feature of Thiên Tôn Cave is that all of the objects of worship and architectural details, including the pillars and the altars, were sculpted in the rocks, with stylized images of dragons, the motifs of the Lý dynasty.
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The capital at Hoa Lư covered an area of 300 ha (3.0 km), including both the Inner and Outer
Citadels. It included defensive earthen walls, palaces, temples and shrines, and was surrounded and protected by mountains of limestone. Today, the ancient citadel no longer exists, and few vestiges
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The architecture, art, and devotional statues of the temple to Lê Đại Hành are similar to those of the temple of Đinh Tiên Hoàng. The constructions does not have stone-doorsteps and stones for propping the pillar as
Emperor Đinh Tiên Hoàng's Temple. Hence, we can contemplate the temple with adequate
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took advantage of this topography in order to design enclosures that would be especially difficult to attack. In order to block the gaps between the limestone mountains, they ordered the construction of earthen walls reinforced and anchored in the soft earth by wooden stakes. In all, the capital was
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Hoa Lư hosts an annual festival in the third month of the lunar year. A procession starting at Hoang Long river winds its way to the temples of the two kings, Đinh Tiên Hoàng (Đinh Bộ Lĩnh) and Lê Đại Hành (Lê Hoàn). The festival includes ceremonies, games and a fair. It commemorates the history of
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The entire cave area presents a serene scene with many fruit trees. Thiên Tôn Cave has two chambers: the outer chamber is large while the inner one is narrower. The outer chamber of the cave is dedicated to the worship of Buddha; the inner cave is where immortals are venerated. Thus, Thiên Tôn is a
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to the south. A year later, the princess managed to return home to the imperial court; however, she was cast into prison as a punishment, and was eventually sent off to Nhat Tru Pagoda to be a nun. When her father the emperor was assassinated in 979, the princess committed suicide by jumping into a
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The "Chinh Cung" part of the
Emperor Lê Đại Hành Temple comprises five structural chambers. The middle chamber has a statue of Emperor Lê Đại Hành sitting on his throne and wearing a Binh Thien Hat; his face is hearty. The statue is placed on a pedestal. To its left is a statue of Empress Dương Vân
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The temple to Đinh Tiên Hoàng is located on the grounds of the former main palace of the royal citadel. The location is in the "tien thuy hau son" style incorporating the principles of "phong thủy" (Chinese: "feng shui"), with a river to the front and a mountain at the back. The temple was designed
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founded by Ngô Quyền, he defeated twelve rival warlords, reunified the country, and in 968 founded the first imperial dynasty of
Vietnam. Unfortunately, due to Đinh Tiên Hoàng's failure to provide for an orderly succession, the country was again plunged into turmoil after his death, until order was
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ventured into this cave and received an oracle while he was struggling for control of the country with twelve rival warlords. He made offerings to the local deity, who foretold that in the end Bộ Lĩnh would conquer all of his enemies. The oracle turned out to be true: in 968, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh defeated
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Long ("Golden Dragon") River that runs just north-west of the capital and that, via a system of rivers, connects Hoa Lư to the sea. In the 10th century, the dwellings of the common people, as well as the markets and the storehouses connected with the river trade, were concentrated near the river.
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The ancient capital at Hoa Lư consists of two separate enclosures, the Inner
Citadel which lies to the west and the Outer Citadel which lies to the east, and which includes most of the sites visited by tourists. The two citadels are separated by a limestone mountain. Both have access to the Hoàng
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Vietnam between 968, the year in which Đinh Bộ Lĩnh proclaimed himself emperor, and 1010, the year in which Lý Công Uẩn moved the capital from Hoa Lư to the area of Hanoi. The local people of Truong Yen village produce a play about the childhood exploits of Đinh Tiên Hoàng.
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The ancient capital of Hoa Lư was located in a flat valley between small but steep limestone mountains that created virtually impenetrable barriers to human traffic. Even today, many of the mountains are accessible only to the mountain goats that roam the area.
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ordered the construction of a similar temple in Hanoi. The temple is still in existence and holds many artifacts from the 10th and 11th centuries. One of the most prominent original features of the architecture is the stone pillar in the temple courtyard.
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The temple dedicated to Đinh Tiên Hoàng was constructed by local residents near the center of the old capital in order to honor Dinh Bo Linh, the first emperor of
Vietnam. Bộ Lĩnh grew up in this area in the mid-10th century during the reign of
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took the throne, and Lê Hoàn served as his regent. Suspecting that Lê Hoàn was secretly planning to take over the country himself, other leading men went into rebellion. The ensuing disorder raised eyebrows at the court of the
Chinese
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protected by ten sections of wall, the longest being 500m in length and the shortest 65m in length. They were approximately 10m high and 15m thick. Several sections of wall still exist and have been excavated by archeologists.
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bi-religious complex combining the
Buddhist element of the outer chamber and the Daoist element of the inner complex. Many valuable objects are displayed inside the cave, such as a bell cast during the reign of Emperor
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sent a fleet against Hoa Lư, but it was devastated by a storm as it tried to enter the river system from the sea and was forced to return home with great loss. In 981, two
Chinese armies of the
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invaded the Đại Cồ Việt with the aim of eventually working their way south and taking the capital, but they were stopped and defeated in the northern part of the country.
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2012 "With King Lý Thái Tậ's decision in 1010 A.D., soon after enthronement, to move the capital from Hoa Lư (today's Ninh Bình) back to Đại La (today's Hanoi), "
639:- Anh Thư Hà, Hồng Đức Trần - 2000 Page 36 "He named the country Đại Cổ Việt (powerful and prosperous Việt Kingdom) and located the capital in Hoa Lư. "
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of the 10th century remain. Visitors can see temples built in honor of the emperors Đinh Tiên Hoàng and Lê Đại Hành, their sons, and Queen
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During the time it served as the capital, Hoa Lư's defenses were never actually tested by an enemy army. In 972, the king of
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652:- 2002 Page 213 "Thus the Ngô dynasty retreated to Cổ Loa and the Ðinh and Early Lê dynasties took refuge in Hoa Lư. "
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the last of the twelve warlords and unified the country under his personal rule as the first emperor of Vietnam.
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The area of the ancient imperial capital of Hoa Lư features several dozen monuments, including the following:
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In the late 10th century, Hoa Lư was the capital as well as the economic, political and cultural center of
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Annual festival of the Đinh and Lê Emperors, ceremony in a courtyard of the temple of Đinh Tiên Hoàng.
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dynasty. Hoa Lư was the native land of the first two imperial dynasties of Vietnam: the
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was the capital of Vietnam from 968 to 1009. It lies in Trường Yên Thượng village,
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The construction of Chùa Nhật Trụ ("First Column Pagoda") was ordered by Emperor
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example of the architecture and sculpture of Post-Lê dynasty period.
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A small temple near Nhật Trụ Pagoda is dedicated to the daughter of
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well near the pagoda. The pagoda dedicated the well to her honor.
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News report: Ninh Binh holds Hoa Lu ancient capital festival
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occupied the highest military post in the administration of
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Vietnamese Supernaturalism: Views from the Southern Region
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Postcolonial Vietnam: New Histories of the National Past
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Official website of Ninh Bình Province in Vietnamese
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256:. Following the demise of the Lê dynasty, in 1010
16:Provincial city and historical capital of Vietnam
684:(Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh: Nhà Xuất Bản Trẻ), 2005.
677:(Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh: Nhà Xuất Bản Trẻ), 1998.
186:Typical limestone mountain in the area of Hoa Lư
673:Trấn Bạch Đằng, Lê Vǎn Nǎm, Nguyễn Quang Vinh,
727:Buildings and structures in Ninh Bình province
178:River gateway to the ancient capital of Hoa Lư
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680:Trấn Bạch Đằng, Lê Vǎn Nǎm, Nguyễn Đức Hòa,
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732:Tourist attractions in Ninh Bình province
567:Gateway to Emperor Đinh Tiên Hoàng Temple
53:Festival at the temple of Đinh Tiên Hoàng
603:Gateway to the ancient capital of Hoa Lư
637:A Brief Chronology of Vietnam's History
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364:The temple of Đinh Tiên Hoàng at Hoa Lư
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480:Temple of Đinh Tiên Hoàng's daughter
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144:20.28611°N 105.90667°E
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648:Patricia M. Pelley
328:Đinh Tiên Hoàng Tomb
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375:Ngô dynasty
323:Lê Đại Hành
286:Đại Cồ Việt
258:Lý Công Uẩn
254:Lê Đại Hành
252:founded by
230:Đại Cồ Việt
147: /
135:105°54′24″E
716:Categories
441:Lý dynasty
384:Lê dynasty
262:Lý dynasty
223:Cúc Phương
132:20°17′10″N
661:Thien Do
428:Đinh Toàn
406:at Hoa Lư
371:Ngô Quyền
703:Archived
250:Early Lê
219:Tràng An
624:Sources
539:Gallery
522:of the
420:Lê Hoàn
380:Lê Hoàn
490:Champa
325:Temple
319:Temple
294:Champa
221:, and
191:Hoa Lư
109:Hoa Lư
79:Hoa Lư
26:Hoa Lư
203:Hanoi
246:Đinh
160:Area
718::
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33:閭
30:華
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