688:
for typically 11.5 months. Sloths do not tend to have one life long breeding partner. When the females are ready to mate, they let out a loud scream which attracts the males; if numerous males are ready to mate, they fight each other; after done mating, the male will usually leave. One factor that might explain this difference is that in some places, female sloths congregate around small, heterogeneously distributed habitats, allowing dominant males to gain mating access with multiple females with relatively little risk and effort. The female is the one who solely takes care of the baby sloth until they are independent and do not need the mother anymore. For the first 6–9 months of birth, mother sloth is carrying the baby and nurturing it until they are capable of being on their own. Sloths are sexually matured by the age 3 and are ready to start reproducing of their own.
700:. Their body temperature ranges 86–93 °F (30–34 °C), which, compared to other mammals, is on the cold side. Having these low temperatures helps the sloths conserve their energy. Sloths' fur is grown specifically for a job which is to grow algae. The algae grow within their hair shaft and benefits the creatures' camouflaging techniques. The hair grows in a special system of being parted along the stomach and flows from belly to back; this is useful for when sloths are hanging upside down and the rainwater can run off.
482:
533:
chemical communication between individuals; 4) pick up trace nutrients in their claws, that are then ingested and 5) favor a mutualistic relationship with populations of fur moths. More recently, a new hypothesis has emerged, which presents evidence against the previous ones and proposes that all current sloths are descendants from species that defecated on the ground, and there simply has not been enough selective pressure to abandon this behavior, since cases of predation during defecation are actually very rare.
589:
577:
560:. If threatened, sloths can defend themselves by slashing out at a predator with their huge claws or biting with their canines. However, a sloth's main defense is to avoid being attacked in the first place. The two-toed sloth can survive wounds that would be fatal to another mammal its size. The sloth's slow, deliberate movements and algae-covered fur make them difficult for predators to spot from a distance. Their treetop homes are also out of reach for many larger predators.
289:
75:
50:
31:
297:
found in the same geographic areas, include the longer snout, separate rather than partially fused toes of the forefeet, the absence of hair on the soles of the feet, and larger overall size. The wrist of the sloth has developed some specific traits due to their slow, yet acrobatic motions. These evolved traits include diminution and distal migration of the
529:
usually do about once every three to eight days. They will also ground themselves to urinate, change trees if they wish, or mate, as well as give birth. While terrestrial locomotion is usually thought to involve the sloth lying on the ground and pulling themselves forward, they have actually been seen walking on their palms and soles.
625:
389:
the sheltering treetops. Most of the two-toed sloths activity takes place hanging upside down but when it comes time for urination and defecation they make their way to the ground. These creatures also come to the ground when in need of a new tree to live upon or to discover a new food source.
687:
The reproduction process of the two-toed sloths has some differences when compared to the three-toed sloths. Two toed sloths tend to mate all year around; they do not really go by a schedule. Typically, mating occurs during the rainy season and birth during the dry season. The female carries the baby
331:
Adults range from 54 to 72 cm (21 to 28 in) in head-body length, and weigh from 2.1 to 9 kg (4.6 to 19.8 lb). Although they do have stubby tails, just 1.5 to 3 cm (0.59 to 1.18 in) long, this is too short to be visible through the long fur. The claws are 5 to 6.5 cm
567:
Hoffmann's two-toed sloth inhabits a range of different trees within its habitat, although it seems to prefer those with plentiful lianas and direct sunlight. They have a typical home range of about 2 to 4 ha (4.9 to 9.9 acres), and may spend most of their lives travelling between just 25 or so
532:
Sloths descend about once every eight days to defecate on the ground. The reason and mechanism behind this behavior have long been debated among scientists. There are at least five hypotheses: 1) fertilize trees when feces are deposited at the base of the tree; 2) cover feces and avoid predation; 3)
528:
action, and sloths are found still hanging from trees after they die. The sloth spends almost its entire life, including eating, sleeping, mating, and giving birth, hanging upside down from tree branches. Usually, sloths are found right side up when they descend to the ground to defecate, which they
516:
The name "sloth" means "lazy", but the slow movements of this animal are actually an adaptation for surviving on a low-energy diet of leaves. These sloths have half the metabolic rate of a typical mammal of the same size. Despite their low metabolic rates, two-toed sloths physiologically respond to
296:
Hoffmann's two-toed sloth is a heavily built animal with shaggy fur and slow, deliberate movements. The fore feet have only two toes, each ending with long, curved claws, although three clawed toes are on each of the hind feet. Other features that distinguish it from three-toed sloths, which may be
388:
sequences, a divergence date of about 7 million years between these populations has been suggested. Two-toed sloths live in the canopies in the forests of the tropical rainforests. They usually tend to be relaxing in the branches of the trees that are intertwined within each other throughout
196:
632:
Though two-toed sloths also eat buds, tender twigs, young plant shoots, fruits and flowers, most of their diets consist of tree leaves. They use their lips to tear off their food and chew with their peg-like teeth which have no enamel and are always growing. Additionally, they have been observed
210:
609:, already possessing long claws and able to cling to their mothers' undersides. They begin to take solid food at 15 to 27 days, and are fully weaned by 9 weeks. Although relatively quiet as adults, young sloths make loud bleating alarm calls if separated from their mothers.
666:
in their fibre-rich diets, while only the third chamber contains digestive glands typical of the stomachs of most other mammals. A sloth may take up to a month to completely digest a meal, and up to two-thirds of a sloth's weight may be the leaves in its digestive system.
513:. They move only very slowly, typically at around 0.14 m/s (0.46 ft/s), although they can move up to 50% faster when excited. They are solitary in the wild, and, aside from mothers with young, it is unusual for two to be found in a tree at the same time.
612:
In captivity, the two-toed sloth was seen giving birth by hanging upside down and attempting to pull the infant between her hind limbs and onto her abdomen. Other sloths were seen hanging under the mother and infant to protect the infant from falling.
332:(2.0 to 2.6 in) long. Females are larger on average than males, although with considerable overlap in size. Their fur is tan to light brown in colour, being lighter on the face, but usually has a greenish tinge because of the presence of
359:
Hoffmann's two-toed sloth inhabits tropical forests from sea level to 3,300 m (10,800 ft) above sea level. It is found in the rainforest canopy in two separate regions of
Central and South America, separated by the
678:
is probably causing a decrease in the wild
Hoffmann's two-toed sloth population, but little reliable data is available on the number of wild individuals. Sloths and people have little contact with one another in the wild.
604:
lasts between 355 and 377 days, and results in the birth of a single young. The birth takes place on either the ground or in the hanging position. Newborn sloths weigh 340 to 454 g (12.0 to 16.0 oz), and are
520:
This species often exhibits exaggerated wobbling of the head. Another trait of this sloth is it often spits when the mouth opens. The saliva often accumulates on the lower lip, giving the creature a comical appearance.
500:
indicated that the
Hoffmann's two-toed sloths there were almost exclusively nocturnal, even though in other locations they are known to be active during day. The authors attributed this in part to competition with the
563:
Their long, coarse fur also protects them from sun and rain. Their fur, unlike other mammals, flows from belly to top, not top to belly, allowing rainwater to slide off the fur while the animal is hanging upside down.
213:
218:
216:
212:
211:
1617:
217:
517:
hypoxia and hypercapnia similarly to other mammals with higher metabolic rates. Sloths have very poor eyesight and hearing, and rely almost entirely on their senses of touch and smell to find food.
215:
1478:
316:, which it closely resembles. The primary physical differences between the two species relate to subtle skeletal features; for example, Hoffmann's two-toed sloth has three
1516:
Gómez-Hoyos, Diego A.; González-Maya, José F.; Pacheco, Jesús; Seisdedos-Vergara, Rocío; Barrio-Amorós, César L.; Ceballos, Gerardo (2017-12-01). "Mineral-Lick Use By
1087:
Sunquist, M. E.; Montgomery, G. G. (1973). "Activity
Patterns and Rates of Movement of Two-Toed and Three-Toed Sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni and Bradypus infuscatus)".
2373:
1804:"Immobilization of free-ranging Hoffmann's two-toed and brown-throated three-toed sloths using ketamine and medetomidine: a comparison of physiological parameters"
1264:
Pauli, J. N., Mendoza, J. E., Steffan, S. A., Carey, C. C., Weimer, P. J., & Peery, M. Z. (2014). A syndrome of mutualism reinforces the lifestyle of a sloth.
2438:
920:
2505:
214:
2347:
2386:
2560:
1755:
1297:
Voirin, B., Kays, R., Wikelski, M., & Lowman, M. (2013). Why Do Sloths Poop on the Ground? In M. Lowman, S. Devy, & T. Ganesh (eds).
735:
1443:
Taube, Erica; Keravec, Joël; Vié, Jean-Christophe; Duplantier, Jean-Marc (2001). "Reproductive biology and postnatal development in sloths,
616:
Hoffmann's two-toed sloths reach sexual maturity at two to four years of age and have been reported to live up to 43 years in captivity.
2530:
321:
2555:
1180:
Mendel, Frank C. (1981). "Use of Hands and Feet of Two-Toed Sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni) during
Climbing and Terrestrial Locomotion".
1055:
868:
Mendel, Frank C (December 1979). "The wrist joint of two-toed sloths and its relevance to brachiating adaptations in the hominoidea".
496:
Two-toed sloths spend most of their time in trees, though they may travel on the ground to move to a new tree. A study of sloths on
2412:
1888:
2430:
385:
2391:
2550:
2545:
1214:
Montgomery, G. G., & Sunquist, M. E. (1975). Impact of Sloths on
Neotropical Forest Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling.
2525:
2062:
581:
313:
1773:
Peery, Zachariah; Pauli, Jonathan (September 2012). "The mating system of a 'lazy' mammal, Hoffmann's two-toed sloth".
1375:"Foraging Ecology of Reintroduced Captive-Bred Subadult Harpy Eagles (Harpia Harpyja) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama"
2535:
2515:
2425:
2308:
1747:
2482:
980:"Sloth biology: an update on their physiological ecology, behavior and role as vectors of arthropods and arboviruses"
717:
2520:
956:
305:; reduction of the distal end of the ulna to a styloid process; and extremely reduced contact between the ulna and
277:
74:
2443:
2540:
524:
Two-toed sloths hang from tree branches, suspended by their huge, hook-like claws. The clinging behaviour is a
2286:
481:
600:
Courtship consists of the female licking the male's face and rubbing her genitals against the male's body.
2248:
1990:
588:
2313:
2451:
576:
497:
169:
1699:
Peery, M. Z.; Pauli, J. N. (2012). "The mating system of a "lazy" mammal, Hoffmann's two-toed sloth".
2334:
2295:
2017:
1881:
1501:
932:
641:
502:
195:
2008:
1860:
1618:"Vitamin D Status of Indoor-Housed Hoffmann's Two-Toed Sloths (Choloepus Hoffmanni): A Pilot Study"
675:
288:
39:
788:
1790:
1716:
1653:
1545:
1197:
1104:
948:
893:
348:
69:
2456:
1310:
Monge Nájera, J. (2021). Why sloths defecate on the ground: rejection of the mutualistic model.
648:
through skin contact with sunlight. They make up for this lack of synthesis through their diet.
2378:
1616:
Hopf, Cynthia R.; Scanlon, Lisa M.; Makowski, Andrew J.; Childs-Sanford, Sara E. (2021-09-28).
2321:
2232:
2208:
2199:
1825:
1761:
1751:
1645:
1637:
1598:
1590:
1537:
1422:
1159:
1151:
1112:
1001:
885:
741:
731:
457:
325:
2300:
1973:
1963:
1815:
1782:
1737:
1708:
1675:
1629:
1580:
1529:
1496:
1460:
1412:
1353:
1189:
1143:
1096:
1032:
991:
940:
877:
848:
783:
725:
430:
2477:
1563:
Jimenez, Isabel A.; Makowski, Andrew J.; Scanlon, Lisa M.; Childs-Sanford, Sara E. (2022).
1063:
2510:
2404:
2148:
1874:
1021:"Genetic diversity in Xenarthra and its relevance to patterns of neotropical biodiversity"
506:
306:
253:
1844:
1244:
Liberg, O. (1980). Spacing patterns in a population of rural free roaming domestic cats.
936:
2167:
2158:
2130:
2121:
2045:
2035:
410:
185:
146:
136:
1854:
1131:
2499:
2399:
1657:
1464:
1147:
1132:"Ventilatory responses to CO2, and hypoxia in the two-toed sloth Choloepus Hoffmanni"
774:
721:
593:
298:
257:
59:
54:
1866:
1794:
1720:
1549:
1417:
1400:
996:
979:
897:
765:
2326:
2111:
1520:(Pilosa: Megalonychidae) At Las Cruces Biological Station, Coto Brus, Costa Rica".
944:
910:"Morphological and molecular analysis of vertebral variants in the two-toed sloths
697:
634:
509:
for about eight hours each night, and spend much of the day sleeping in tangles of
261:
1786:
1712:
2469:
1741:
1565:"Cutaneous concentrations of 7-dehydrocholesterol in Hoffmann's two-toed sloths (
2417:
2360:
2280:
1999:
1451:: review with original data from the field (French Guiana) and from captivity".
549:
2271:
1820:
1803:
1533:
312:
Hoffmann's two-toed sloth is, however, much easier to confuse with the related
1802:
Hanley, Christopher S.; Siudak-Campfield, Joanna; Paul-Murphy, Joanne (2008).
1358:
1329:
489:
416:
269:
1641:
1594:
1541:
1155:
1037:
1020:
1935:
1765:
881:
745:
663:
656:
645:
606:
601:
340:
273:
86:
1829:
1649:
1602:
1426:
1005:
889:
1163:
1116:
30:
2265:
2182:
2099:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
659:
652:
557:
436:
365:
317:
265:
223:
106:
952:
2352:
1848:
1201:
1108:
381:
369:
344:
245:
1633:
1585:
1564:
1281:
Chiarello, A. G. (2008). Sloth ecology: an overview of field studies.
2365:
1898:
553:
545:
541:
537:
525:
420:
377:
126:
116:
96:
2242:
1328:
Moreno, Ricardo S.; Kays, Roland W.; Samudio, Rafael (August 2006).
1193:
1100:
655:, sloths have three-chambered stomachs. The first two chambers hold
324:
space, rather than just two, and often – but not always – has fewer
1374:
624:
2464:
1951:
1373:
Touchton, Janeene M.; Palleroni, Yu-Cheng Hsu and
Alberto (2002).
1227:
Bailey, T. N. (1974). Social organization in a bobcat population.
853:
832:
623:
587:
575:
510:
480:
361:
333:
287:
249:
208:
727:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
373:
302:
2339:
2246:
1870:
1399:
Gilmore, D.P.; Da-Costa, C.P.; Duarte, D.P.F. (February 2000).
1050:
1048:
978:
Gilmore, D.P.; Da Costa, C.P.; Duarte, D.P.F. (January 2001).
759:
757:
755:
730:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 101.
1019:
Moraes-Barros, Nadia; Arteaga, Maria Clara (3 August 2015).
592:
Young sloth being raised in a wildlife rescue centre on the
1401:"An update on the physiology of two- and three-toed sloths"
644:, it is believed that two-toed sloths cannot synthesize
1266:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
16:
Species of mammals related to anteaters and armadillos
1394:
1392:
276:. The common name commemorates the German naturalist
1405:
Brazilian
Journal of Medical and Biological Research
984:
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
2255:
2180:
2156:
2147:
2119:
2110:
2043:
2034:
1971:
1962:
637:, which can provide them with essential nutrients.
1479:"Adelaide Zoo's sloth dies, last one in Australia"
1676:"Choloepus hoffmanni (Hoffmann's two-toed sloth)"
1669:
1667:
1497:"Choloepus hoffmanni (Hoffmann's two-toed sloth)"
222:Hoffmann's two-toed sloth climbing in a cage at
1175:
1173:
826:
1882:
1743:Neotropical rainforest mammals. A field guide
1272:(1778), 20133006. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3006
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
789:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T4778A47439751.en
8:
1438:
1436:
2243:
2153:
2116:
2093:
2040:
1968:
1945:
1889:
1875:
1867:
1082:
1080:
536:Sloths have many predators, including the
194:
48:
29:
20:
1819:
1584:
1416:
1357:
1330:"Competitive release in diets of ocelot (
1036:
995:
852:
787:
1218:, 69–98. DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-88533-4_7
708:
462:– Brazil, Bolivia, extreme eastern Peru
372:in the south, and the other in eastern
364:. One population is found from eastern
1301:(pp. 195-199). Springer, New York, NY.
1130:Hill, N.; Tenney, S. M. (1974-12-01).
505:. They often move slowly through the
268:animal, found in mature and secondary
1293:
1291:
1260:
1258:
7:
1622:Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
292:Skull of a Hoffmann's two-toed sloth
2506:IUCN Red List least concern species
775:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
640:Due to their low concentrations of
1229:The Journal of Wildlife Management
925:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
397:The five recognised subspecies of
301:, with a loss of contact with the
14:
764:Plese, T.; Chiarello, A. (2014).
320:in the upper forward part of the
1465:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2001.00085.x
203:Hoffmann's two-toed sloth range
73:
1740:; Feer, François (1997-09-02).
1418:10.1590/S0100-879X2000000200001
997:10.1590/s0100-879x2001000100002
931:(3): 1–182. 12 September 2007.
945:10.1080/02724634.2007.10010458
386:cytochrome c oxidase subunit I
1:
1787:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.06.007
1713:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.06.007
2561:Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters
1808:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
1283:The biology of the Xenarthra
1148:10.1016/0034-5687(74)90080-2
582:Manuel Antonio National Park
260:. It is a solitary, largely
2072:Hoffmann's two-toed sloth (
2063:Linnaeus's two-toed sloth (
1748:University of Chicago Press
1522:The Southwestern Naturalist
651:Although they are not true
2577:
2531:Mammals of Central America
1821:10.7589/0090-3558-44.4.938
1534:10.1894/0038-4909-62.4.278
1056:"Hoffman's Two-Toed Sloth"
24:Hoffmann's two-toed sloth
2556:Mammals described in 1858
2229:
2096:
2092:
1948:
1944:
1906:
1746:(2nd ed.). Chicago:
1359:10.1644/05-MAMM-A-360R2.1
837:(Pilosa: Megalonychidae)"
314:Linnaeus's two-toed sloth
232:Hoffmann's two-toed sloth
202:
193:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1991:Pygmy three-toed sloth (
724:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
662:to help them digest the
368:in the north to western
355:Distribution and habitat
1859:genome assembly in the
1674:Apostolopoulos, Vicky.
1379:Ornitologia Neotropical
882:10.1002/jmor.1051620308
716:Gardner, A. L. (2005).
696:Sloths are known to be
628:Suspended from a branch
415:– Honduras, Nicaragua,
242:northern two-toed sloth
2018:Brown-throated sloth (
1136:Respiration Physiology
1038:10.1093/jmammal/gyv077
629:
597:
585:
493:
293:
227:
2452:Paleobiology Database
2009:Pale-throated sloth (
1312:UNED Research Journal
921:"Abstracts of Papers"
870:Journal of Morphology
627:
591:
579:
498:Barro Colorado Island
484:
435:– Venezuela, western
336:living in the hairs.
291:
240:), also known as the
221:
2551:Mammals of the Andes
2546:Mammals of Venezuela
1680:Animal Diversity Web
1502:Animal Diversity Web
1346:Journal of Mammalogy
1182:Journal of Mammalogy
1089:Journal of Mammalogy
1025:Journal of Mammalogy
959:on 23 September 2019
916:Choloepus didactylus
831:Hayssen, V. (2011).
782:: e.T4778A47439751.
642:7-dehydrocholesterol
503:brown-throated sloth
2526:Mammals of Colombia
2301:Choloepus_hoffmanni
2287:Choloepus hoffmanni
2257:Choloepus hoffmanni
2209:Southern tamandua (
2200:Northern tamandua (
1981:(Three-toed sloths)
1901:species by suborder
1861:UCSC Genome Browser
1567:Choloepus hoffmanni
1518:Choloepus hoffmanni
937:2007JVPal..27S...1.
912:Choloepus hoffmanni
835:Choloepus hoffmanni
768:Choloepus hoffmanni
676:Habitat destruction
671:Conservation status
237:Choloepus hoffmanni
179:Choloepus hoffmanni
40:Conservation status
2536:Mammals of Ecuador
2516:Mammals of Bolivia
1750:. pp. 44–45.
1569:) in managed care"
1332:Leopardus pardalis
1216:Ecological Studies
1060:www.macalester.edu
630:
598:
586:
494:
439:, northern Ecuador
326:cervical vertebrae
294:
228:
2521:Mammals of Brazil
2493:
2492:
2249:Taxon identifiers
2240:
2239:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2193:
2143:
2142:
2103:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2056:
2053:(Two-toed sloths)
2030:
2029:
1984:
1955:
1757:978-0-226-20721-6
1738:Emmons, Louise H.
1634:10.1638/2020-0209
1586:10.1002/zoo.21643
841:Mammalian Species
737:978-0-8018-8221-0
471:
461:
449:– western Ecuador
448:
434:
414:
274:deciduous forests
219:
207:
206:
161:C. hoffmanni
63:
2568:
2486:
2485:
2473:
2472:
2460:
2459:
2447:
2446:
2434:
2433:
2421:
2420:
2408:
2407:
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2343:
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2330:
2329:
2317:
2316:
2304:
2303:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2244:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2168:Giant anteater (
2154:
2131:Silky anteater (
2117:
2101:
2094:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2041:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1953:
1946:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1868:
1833:
1823:
1798:
1775:Animal Behaviour
1769:
1725:
1724:
1701:Animal Behaviour
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1628:(3): 1030–1035.
1613:
1607:
1606:
1588:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1459:(3–4): 173–188.
1440:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1338:) after jaguar (
1325:
1319:
1308:
1302:
1299:Treetops at Risk
1295:
1286:
1279:
1273:
1262:
1253:
1242:
1236:
1225:
1219:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1177:
1168:
1167:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1084:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1062:. Archived from
1052:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1016:
1010:
1009:
999:
975:
969:
968:
966:
964:
955:. Archived from
908:
902:
901:
865:
859:
858:
856:
828:
801:
800:
798:
796:
791:
761:
750:
749:
713:
469:
466:C. h. pallescens
456:
446:
429:
409:
220:
198:
181:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2541:Mammals of Peru
2496:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2481:
2476:
2468:
2463:
2455:
2450:
2442:
2437:
2429:
2424:
2416:
2411:
2403:
2398:
2390:
2385:
2377:
2372:
2364:
2359:
2351:
2346:
2338:
2333:
2325:
2320:
2312:
2307:
2299:
2294:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2251:
2241:
2236:
2217:
2211:T. tetradactyla
2189:
2188:
2186:
2176:
2149:Myrmecophagidae
2139:
2106:
2080:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2026:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1958:
1940:
1902:
1895:
1840:
1801:
1772:
1758:
1736:
1733:
1731:Further reading
1728:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1684:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1309:
1305:
1296:
1289:
1280:
1276:
1263:
1256:
1243:
1239:
1226:
1222:
1213:
1209:
1194:10.2307/1380728
1179:
1178:
1171:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1101:10.2307/1379088
1086:
1085:
1078:
1069:
1067:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1018:
1017:
1013:
977:
976:
972:
962:
960:
919:
909:
905:
867:
866:
862:
830:
829:
804:
794:
792:
763:
762:
753:
738:
715:
714:
710:
706:
694:
685:
673:
622:
574:
486:C. h. hoffmanni
479:
443:C. h. capitalis
426:C. h. agustinus
406:C. h. hoffmanni
395:
380:, and northern
357:
307:triquetral bone
286:
209:
189:
183:
177:
164:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2574:
2572:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2498:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2474:
2461:
2448:
2435:
2422:
2409:
2396:
2383:
2370:
2357:
2344:
2331:
2318:
2305:
2292:
2277:
2261:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2097:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2015:
2011:B. tridactylus
2006:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1949:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1851:
1839:
1838:External links
1836:
1835:
1834:
1814:(4): 938–945.
1799:
1781:(3): 555–562.
1770:
1756:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1707:(3): 555–562.
1691:
1663:
1608:
1555:
1528:(4): 278–280.
1508:
1488:
1485:. 5 June 2017.
1483:The Advertiser
1470:
1432:
1411:(2): 129–146.
1388:
1365:
1352:(4): 808–816.
1320:
1303:
1287:
1274:
1254:
1237:
1220:
1207:
1188:(2): 413–421.
1169:
1142:(3): 311–323.
1122:
1095:(4): 946–954.
1076:
1044:
1031:(4): 690–702.
1011:
970:
918:", p. 113A in
903:
876:(3): 413–424.
860:
802:
751:
736:
718:"Order Pilosa"
707:
705:
702:
693:
690:
684:
681:
672:
669:
621:
618:
573:
570:
478:
475:
474:
473:
470:Lönnberg, 1928
463:
453:C. h. juruanus
450:
440:
423:
394:
391:
356:
353:
322:interpterygoid
285:
282:
205:
204:
200:
199:
191:
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184:
173:
172:
166:
165:
158:
156:
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2297:
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2260:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2235:
2234:
2228:
2214:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2170:M. tridactyla
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2133:C. didactylus
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2095:
2091:
2077:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2065:C. didactylus
2061:
2060:
2058:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:Choloepodidae
2033:
2023:
2021:
2020:B. variegatus
2016:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2000:Maned sloth (
1998:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1900:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1692:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1453:Mammal Review
1450:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:(4): 365–380.
1384:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1340:Panthera onca
1337:
1336:Puma concolor
1333:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1066:on 2021-04-28
1065:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1012:
1007:
1003:
998:
993:
989:
985:
981:
974:
971:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
917:
913:
907:
904:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
864:
861:
855:
854:10.1644/873.1
850:
846:
842:
838:
836:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
803:
790:
785:
781:
777:
776:
771:
769:
760:
758:
756:
752:
747:
743:
739:
733:
729:
728:
723:
722:Wilson, D. E.
719:
712:
709:
703:
701:
699:
698:heterothermic
691:
689:
682:
680:
677:
670:
668:
665:
661:
658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
638:
636:
635:mineral licks
626:
619:
617:
614:
610:
608:
603:
595:
594:Gulf of Dulce
590:
583:
578:
571:
569:
565:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
530:
527:
522:
518:
514:
512:
508:
504:
499:
491:
487:
483:
476:
467:
464:
459:
454:
451:
444:
441:
438:
432:
427:
424:
422:
418:
412:
407:
404:
403:
402:
400:
392:
390:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
354:
352:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
300:
299:pisiform bone
290:
283:
281:
279:
278:Karl Hoffmann
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:South America
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
238:
233:
225:
201:
197:
192:
187:
182:
180:
174:
171:
170:Binomial name
167:
163:
162:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:Choloepodidae
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2256:
2231:
2210:
2201:
2181:
2169:
2159:Myrmecophaga
2157:
2132:
2120:
2112:Cyclopedidae
2100:Vermilingua
2098:
2074:C. hoffmanni
2073:
2071:
2064:
2044:
2019:
2010:
2002:B. torquatus
2001:
1992:
1972:
1964:Bradypodidae
1950:
1855:
1845:sloth genome
1811:
1807:
1778:
1774:
1742:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1683:. Retrieved
1679:
1625:
1621:
1611:
1579:(1): 20–25.
1576:
1572:
1566:
1558:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1408:
1404:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1335:
1334:) and puma (
1331:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1298:
1282:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1252:(3),336-349.
1249:
1245:
1240:
1235:(3),435-446.
1232:
1228:
1223:
1215:
1210:
1185:
1181:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1092:
1088:
1068:. Retrieved
1064:the original
1059:
1028:
1024:
1014:
987:
983:
973:
961:. Retrieved
957:the original
928:
924:
915:
911:
906:
873:
869:
863:
847:(1): 37–55.
844:
840:
834:
793:. Retrieved
779:
773:
767:
726:
711:
695:
686:
683:Reproduction
674:
650:
639:
631:
615:
611:
599:
596:, Costa Rica
584:, Costa Rica
572:Life history
566:
562:
550:harpy eagles
535:
531:
523:
519:
515:
495:
485:
465:
452:
442:
425:
405:
399:C. hoffmanni
398:
396:
358:
347:= 49–51 and
338:
330:
311:
295:
241:
236:
235:
231:
229:
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
18:
2361:iNaturalist
2281:Wikispecies
2202:T. mexicana
2190:(Tamanduas)
2102:(Anteaters)
1993:B. pygmaeus
1934:Superorder
1928:Infraclass
1573:Zoo Biology
990:(1): 9–25.
963:25 November
795:19 November
447:Allen, 1913
384:. Based on
284:Description
270:rainforests
2500:Categories
1685:2019-02-26
1342:) decline"
1285:, 269-280.
1070:2019-02-26
704:References
692:Adaptation
490:Monteverde
488:, high in
417:Costa Rica
393:Subspecies
376:, western
2046:Choloepus
1952:Folivora
1936:Xenarthra
1853:View the
1843:View the
1658:238205917
1642:1042-7260
1595:0733-3188
1542:0038-4909
1449:Choloepus
1318:(1), 4-4.
1156:0034-5687
664:cellulose
657:symbiotic
653:ruminants
646:vitamin D
607:precocial
602:Gestation
558:anacondas
341:karyotype
262:nocturnal
155:Species:
148:Choloepus
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2465:Species+
2431:11800019
2379:10228361
2272:Q1052814
2266:Wikidata
2233:Category
2183:Tamandua
2122:Cyclopes
1974:Bradypus
1954:(Sloths)
1930:Eutheria
1924:Mammalia
1918:Chordata
1912:Animalia
1910:Kingdom
1830:18957650
1795:11894618
1766:44179508
1721:11894618
1650:34687521
1603:34329484
1550:92499258
1445:Bradypus
1427:10657054
1006:11151024
953:30126393
898:52272815
890:30213156
746:62265494
660:bacteria
477:Behavior
458:Lönnberg
437:Colombia
366:Honduras
318:foramina
266:arboreal
224:Ueno Zoo
133:Family:
117:Mammalia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2418:1000434
2353:5219520
1916:Phylum
1897:Extant
1856:choHof1
1849:Ensembl
1202:1380728
1164:4475470
1117:4761371
1109:1379088
933:Bibcode
568:trees.
554:margays
546:ocelots
542:cougars
538:jaguars
382:Bolivia
370:Ecuador
254:Central
246:species
244:, is a
226:(video)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
2511:Sloths
2457:235353
2392:624909
2340:328522
2314:716993
1922:Class
1899:Pilosa
1828:
1793:
1764:
1754:
1719:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1601:
1593:
1548:
1540:
1425:
1200:
1162:
1154:
1115:
1107:
1004:
951:
896:
888:
744:
734:
633:using
556:, and
526:reflex
511:lianas
507:canopy
492:canopy
472:– Peru
460:, 1942
433:, 1913
421:Panama
413:, 1858
411:Peters
378:Brazil
351:= 61.
188:, 1858
186:Peters
127:Pilosa
2470:11129
2374:IRMNG
2366:47101
2327:5XYGX
1791:S2CID
1717:S2CID
1654:S2CID
1546:S2CID
1246:Oikos
1198:JSTOR
1105:JSTOR
949:JSTOR
894:S2CID
720:. In
431:Allen
401:are:
362:Andes
334:algae
252:from
250:sloth
2483:4200
2444:9358
2439:NCBI
2405:4778
2400:IUCN
2387:ITIS
2348:GBIF
2309:BOLD
1826:PMID
1762:OCLC
1752:ISBN
1646:PMID
1638:ISSN
1599:PMID
1591:ISSN
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