1282:"In the first hours of his captivity the hood came off and a picture was taken....He appears dazed and glum." "Preparing a subject for interrogation means softening him up. Ideally, he has been pulled from his sleep — like Sheikh Mohammed — early in the morning, roughly handled, bound, hooded (a coarse, dirty, smelly sack serves the purpose perfectly), and kept waiting in discomfort, perhaps naked in a cold, wet room, forced to stand or to sit in an uncomfortable position."
402:
279:, who interviewed Palestinian detainees who had been hooded for extensive periods (four to five days at a time throughout their detention). They complained about hoods being dirty, having difficulty breathing, and suffering from headaches and pain in their eyes. The object, according to Human Rights Watch, wasn't so much the inability of victims to recognize their torturers, but to increase "psychological and physical pressure." According to
25:
346:, prisoners were subjected to hooding in 1971: "throughout their days and nights of interrogation torture, their heads were kept covered by thick, coarse cloth bags." Complaints quickly led the Heath government to order troops in 1971 "not to use hoods when interrogating prisoners." On behalf of fourteen of these, the
306:(death of Ayman Nassar); many deaths in Israeli detention centers involved hooded prisoners, such as Husniyeh Abdel Qader, who "was held in solitary confinement with her hands cuffed behind her back and her head in a dirty bag during the first four days of her detention." In turn, Palestinian authorities in the
129:
had concluded that hooding constituted torture, a position it reiterated in 2004 after the committee's special rapporteur had "received information on certain methods that have been condoned and used to secure information from suspected terrorists."
157:. It became more popular after World War II as a means of "stealthy torture," since it makes public testimony more difficult; the victim can testify only with difficulty as to who did what to them. In the 1950s, hooding was used in
448:
taken not long after his capture, where he appears "dazed and glum," was taken moments after his hood was removed; he was hooded continuously throughout the first days after his arrest by commandos from the United States and
358:
was instated, the practice did not cease altogether, and at the end of 1972 the
European Commission of Human Rights accepted a second case on behalf of victims of the practice. In March 1972, the
103:, which demand that persons under custody or physical control of enemy forces be treated humanely. Hooding can be dangerous to a prisoner's health and safety. It is considered to be an act of
119:, hooding is used to prevent a person from seeing, to disorient them, to make them anxious, to preserve their torturer's anonymity, and to prevent the person from breathing freely.
244:
444:, suspects are usually hooded, apparently as part of "standard operating procedures." Sometimes, however, suspects are abused and interrogated as well. The famous photograph of
913:"U.N. Commission on Human Rights, Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/31"
589:
441:
224:, the military reacted violently and again hooded prisoners; its methods were called "an immediate return to the methodology used during the dictatorship."
1388:
126:
457:
434:
116:
1378:
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880:
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773:
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686:
558:
418:
1383:
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had concluded that the five techniques were in fact illegal under
British law; on the same day the report was published, Prime Minister
351:
217:
1344:
Determinants of gross human rights violations by state and state-sponsored actors in Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, and
Argentina, 1960-1990
1373:
355:
199:, such as in Northern Ireland; such techniques used by British troops followed up on research done in Canada under the direction of
67:
596:
430:
1338:
1188:
1161:
643:
501:
239:
army which carried out assassinations and tortured political opponents in the 1980s, was trained by interrogators from the
422:
1020:
40:
386:
932:"Torture, dark-of-night justice spread with Palestinian rule: Six security services kidnap, detain, abuse hundreds".
600:
382:
373:
While the practice was thus officially banned since 1972, reports of its use by
British troops appeared during the
232:
1203:
367:
354:, which found in 1976 that the British had been guilty of torturing political dissidents. When, in March 1972,
100:
49:
96:
590:"Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment"
1257:
445:
410:
83:
is the placing of a hood over the entire head of a prisoner. Hooding is widely considered to be a form of
280:
272:
934:
624:
472:, hooding was the most common form of torture practiced in military and police centers in the 1970s.
406:
359:
35:
1166:
1112:
1025:
949:"Furor Erupts over Reports of Torture by Palestinians; Investigator Catches Fire from Both Sides".
912:
347:
339:
268:
108:
401:
221:
860:
276:
872:
310:
were accused of the same practice in 1995, according to media reports and organizations such as
1134:
550:
Torture and ill-treatment: Israel's interrogation of
Palestinians from the Occupied Territories
1348:
1342:
1312:
1208:
1053:
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840:
813:
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742:
736:
715:
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682:
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554:
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247:. Hooding was taught to Battalion 3-16 by Argentineans, who used a hood made of rubber called
92:
995:
834:
628:
343:
335:
287:, hooding and other forms of ill-treatment became widespread again after the resignation of
177:
170:
1077:
575:
528:
327:
298:(where 23-year-old Mustafa Barakat died while in custody, most of which he spent hooded),
425:. In 2003 already, Amnesty International had reported such abuse in a memorandum sent to
1230:
865:
323:
288:
200:
162:
123:
1367:
988:
704:
672:
112:
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363:
331:
158:
142:
1078:"Ban on hooding of war captives: U-turn after outrage at treatment of Iraqi PoWs"
647:
1285:
505:
426:
311:
196:
809:
The politics of human rights in
Argentina: protest, change, and democratization
390:
706:
The
Politics of Cruelty: An Essay on the Literature of Political Imprisonment
370:
that the techniques "will not be used in future as an aid to interrogation."
1317:
898:
The death of
Mustafa Barakat in the interrogation wing of the Tulkarm Prison
481:
393:, an Iraqi civilian, died in British custody after being hooded and beaten.
307:
303:
189:
150:
141:
In the first half of the twentieth century, hooding was rarely used. During
450:
374:
299:
260:
236:
867:
Beyond
Chutzpah: On the Misuse of Anti-Semitism and the Abuse of History
295:
294:
Israeli troops are accused of using hooding in prisons in for instance
154:
146:
104:
84:
405:
Hooded prisoner Abdou
Hussain Saad Faleh (originally misidentified as
264:
185:
166:
115:; it causes "disorientation, isolation, and dread." According to the
88:
400:
377:. Hooding was discovered to have been applied in 2003 and 2004 to
181:
173:
378:
240:
18:
836:
American torture: from the Cold War to Abu Ghraib and beyond
271:, uses hooding systematically (more systematically than the
243:
and from Argentina, and made up in part of graduates of the
738:
Torture and the twilight of empire: from Algiers to Baghdad
385:
and questioned by intelligence officers from the British
417:
Most notably in recent history, hooding occurred at the
91:
considers the hooding of prisoners to be a violation of
1204:"Lebanese man is target of first rendition under Obama"
1108:"MI6 officers broke law by interrogating hooded Iraqis"
16:
Placing of a hood over the entire head of a prisoner
1135:"Guantánamo detainee tells of torture and beatings"
456:Resistance to hooding is a standard element of the
987:
864:
703:
576:"UK troops 'break law' by hooding Iraqi prisoners"
529:"UK troops 'break law' by hooding Iraqi prisoners"
45:the article is full of POV information and claims.
350:filed suit against the British government at the
192:; and since then in a great number of countries.
330:," was used as a means of interrogation during
437:also protested the hooding of U.S. prisoners.
765:Brainwash: the secret history of mind control
8:
1046:Lauterpacht, Elihu; C. J. Greenwood (1980).
442:extraordinary rendition by the United States
1071:
1069:
1019:Jones, George; Michael Smith (2004-05-11).
195:In some cases, hooding was accompanied by
133:Hooding is a common prelude to execution.
981:
979:
460:training undergone by elite US military.
338:from 1966 to 1998, and notably so during
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
667:
665:
458:Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape
435:International Committee of the Red Cross
342:. In the prison Long Kesh, now known as
117:International Committee of the Red Cross
1313:"A Timeline to Bush Government Torture"
553:. Human Rights Watch. pp. 171–77.
547:Human Rights Watch/Middle East (1994).
492:
1101:
1099:
302:(death of 17-year-old Samir Omar) and
990:Northern Ireland: society under siege
542:
540:
538:
275:), according to reports published by
7:
1187:Caroline Moorehead (June 18, 2005).
334:, the period of violent conflict in
646:. Picturing Justice. Archived from
629:"Procedure for Military Executions"
352:European Commission of Human Rights
1021:"Troops broke ban on hooding PoWs"
574:Matthew Happold (April 11, 2003).
531:. Guardian News and Media Limited.
527:Matthew Happold (April 11, 2003).
468:According to a 1989 report by the
218:1989 attack on La Tablada Regiment
14:
1347:. Martinus Nijhoff. p. 288.
642:Richard Ramsey (April 20, 2006).
326:, hooding, one of the so-called "
1389:Psychological torture techniques
23:
1286:"The Dark Art of Interrogation"
1231:"The Fever That Swept The West"
1106:Johnston, Philip (2005-03-11).
597:United Nations General Assembly
470:Servicio Paz y Justicia Uruguay
431:Coalition Provisional Authority
1256:Meldrum, Andrew (2006-06-13).
1:
1379:Modern instruments of torture
1311:Benjamin, Mark (2008-06-18).
1284:Bowden, Mark (October 2003).
1133:Sturcke, James (2006-03-06).
1076:Townsend, Mark (2004-12-19).
1052:. Cambridge UP. p. 241.
871:. U of California P. p.
762:Streatfeild, Dominic (2007).
741:. Princeton UP. p. 123.
681:. Princeton UP. p. 333.
423:Guantanamo Bay detention camp
251:, which induced suffocation.
1160:Simpson, John (2004-05-09).
839:. Melbourne UP. p. 90.
812:. Stanford UP. p. 120.
599:. 2004-09-01. Archived from
107:when its primary purpose is
1384:Physical torture techniques
504:. About.com. Archived from
387:Secret Intelligence Service
381:prisoners who were held by
220:, during the presidency of
43:. The specific problem is:
1405:
1202:Drogin, Bob (2009-08-22).
955:. 1995-09-20. pp. 1A.
833:Otterman, Michael (2007).
768:. Macmillan. p. 104.
578:. Guardian News and Media.
318:United Kingdom and Ireland
149:used it especially in the
39:to meet Knowledge (XXG)'s
1229:Neville, Richard (2009).
1049:International Law Reports
900:. B'tselem. pp. 8–9.
207:Documented use of hooding
127:Committee Against Torture
101:Fourth Geneva Conventions
1374:Interrogation techniques
1341:; Hugo Frühling (1999).
986:Fields, Rona M. (1980).
994:. Transaction. p.
735:Lazreg, Marnia (2008).
429:, then the head of the
285:Torture in the Eighties
1189:"Crisis of confidence"
911:Rodley, Nigel (1994).
896:Ginbar, Juval (1992).
861:Finkelstein, Norman G.
702:Millett, Kate (1995).
631:. U.S. War Department.
446:Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
414:
283:'s influential report
245:School of the Americas
1258:"The vanishing point"
806:Brysk, Alison (194).
678:Torture and Democracy
404:
281:Amnesty International
935:The Washington Times
407:Ali Shallal al-Qaisi
50:improve this article
1167:The Daily Telegraph
1162:"Simpson on Sunday"
1113:The Daily Telegraph
1026:The Daily Telegraph
433:. Delegates of the
348:Republic of Ireland
340:Operation Demetrius
176:, in the 1970s, in
165:; in the 1960s, in
109:sensory deprivation
95:, specifically the
1339:Heinz, Wolfgang S.
710:. Norton. p.
415:
277:Human Rights Watch
235:, the unit of the
1354:978-90-411-1202-6
1209:Los Angeles Times
1059:978-0-521-46403-1
1005:978-0-87855-806-3
882:978-0-520-24989-9
846:978-0-522-85333-9
819:978-0-8047-2275-9
775:978-0-312-32572-5
748:978-0-691-13135-1
721:978-0-393-31312-3
688:978-0-691-14333-0
650:on March 23, 2010
627:(June 12, 1944).
560:978-1-56432-136-7
508:on March 23, 2010
419:Abu Ghraib prison
366:announced in the
93:international law
78:
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70:
41:quality standards
32:This article may
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673:Rejali, Darius
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324:United Kingdom
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289:Menachem Begin
256:
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233:Battalion 3-16
229:
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210:
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201:Donald O. Hebb
163:French Algeria
138:
137:Modern history
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124:United Nations
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31:
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965:Streatfeild,
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959:
954:
953:
945:
942:
938:. 1995-09-20.
937:
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788:Streatfeild,
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645:
644:"Pierrepoint"
638:
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626:
620:
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606:on 2011-07-28
602:
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122:In 1997, the
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113:interrogation
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90:
89:legal scholar
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82:
72:
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58:November 2016
51:
46:
42:
38:
37:
30:
21:
20:
1343:
1333:
1322:. Retrieved
1316:
1306:
1295:. Retrieved
1291:The Atlantic
1289:
1278:
1267:. Retrieved
1263:The Guardian
1261:
1251:
1240:. Retrieved
1236:The Diplomat
1234:
1224:
1213:. Retrieved
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1182:
1171:. Retrieved
1165:
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1144:. Retrieved
1140:The Guardian
1138:
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1117:. Retrieved
1111:
1087:. Retrieved
1083:The Guardian
1081:
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1041:
1030:. Retrieved
1024:
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989:
966:
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952:Miami Herald
950:
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916:. Retrieved
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652:. Retrieved
648:the original
637:
619:
608:. Retrieved
601:the original
584:
569:
549:
522:
510:. Retrieved
506:the original
500:Amy Zalman.
495:
469:
467:
455:
440:In cases of
439:
416:
372:
364:Edward Heath
332:The Troubles
321:
293:
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194:
159:South Africa
143:World War II
140:
132:
121:
80:
79:
64:
55:
48:Please help
44:
33:
427:Paul Bremer
421:and at the
356:Direct rule
259:In Israel,
197:white noise
52:if you can.
1368:Categories
1324:2009-11-19
1297:2009-11-21
1269:2009-11-21
1242:2009-11-21
1215:2009-11-21
1173:2009-11-20
1146:2009-11-19
1119:2009-11-19
1089:2009-11-19
1032:2009-11-20
918:2009-11-20
610:2009-11-21
488:References
411:Abu Ghraib
391:Baha Mousa
249:la capucha
216:After the
153:prison in
1318:Salon.com
967:Brainwash
790:Brainwash
654:March 16,
625:J.A. Ulio
512:March 17,
502:"Hooding"
482:Blindfold
308:West Bank
291:in 1984.
267:internal
212:Argentina
190:Argentina
151:Breendonk
863:(2008).
675:(2009).
476:See also
451:Pakistan
375:Iraq War
312:B'Tselem
300:Ashkelon
261:Shin Bet
237:Honduran
228:Honduras
171:Franco's
34:require
1191:. ICRC.
464:Uruguay
322:In the
296:Tulkarm
265:Israeli
155:Belgium
147:Gestapo
111:during
105:torture
85:torture
81:Hooding
36:cleanup
1351:
1056:
1002:
879:
843:
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772:
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685:
557:
263:, the
255:Israel
188:, and
186:Israel
167:Brazil
145:, the
87:; one
604:(PDF)
593:(PDF)
409:) at
379:Iraqi
182:Chile
174:Spain
97:Third
1349:ISBN
1054:ISBN
1000:ISBN
877:ISBN
841:ISBN
814:ISBN
770:ISBN
743:ISBN
716:ISBN
683:ISBN
656:2010
555:ISBN
514:2010
344:Maze
304:Gaza
169:and
161:and
99:and
971:100
873:143
794:110
712:125
273:IDF
241:CIA
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