755:
716:
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45:
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31:
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104:
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79:
832:. The wasp lays an egg on a holly blue caterpillar, inserting the egg into the caterpillar's body and the adult wasp emerges from the chrysalis, killing the chrysalis before its emergence. The population of the butterfly is tracked by that of the wasp, when butterfly populations are low the wasp population falls and this allows the butterfly population to increase and the population of
385:; in June and the autumn. Pupa mostly fastened to the underside of a leaf, ochreous with brown spots and markings. The butterflies in the spring and again in July, occasionally a third time at the end of August and in September, everywhere common, particularly at the flowers of ivy and brambles." In Europe, the first generation feeds mainly on the
341:
of ocelli. Underside silver-white, in the disc a row of black dots, some of which are elongate, and before the margin blackish shadowy dots. Egg very flat, whitish. Larva green or brown, marked with yellowish white, bearing catenulate (chain-like) stripes on the back, on segment 7 a gland to attract ants; head brown. On Ivy,
340:
The holly blue has pale silver-blue wings spotted with pale ivory dots. Seitz describes it "Male above shining violet blue, only the apical portion of the costal margin being minutely edged with white. The female has both wings broadly bordered with dark, the margin of the hindwing bearing vestiges
422:
genera, Eliot & Kawazoe, 1983, list 14 taxa as valid subspecies names, plus many further synonyms to which they accord lesser status. According to Eliot & Kawazoe, 1983, these 14 subspecies are divided into four groups as follows:
1144:
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can increase as there are more hosts available to be parasitised. As more caterpillars are parasitised the butterfly population crashes.
1364:
1286:
922:
778:
1110:
826:
The holly blue is subject to marked population cycles which appear to be caused by interactions with the parasitoid ichneumon wasp
1059:
Beccaloni, George; Scoble, Malcolm; Kitching, Ian; Simonsen, Thomas; Robinson, Gaden; Pitkin, Brian; Hine, Adrian; Lyal, Chris.
1533:
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44:
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992:
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912:
Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003).
1317:
828:
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876:
336:
Figs 1, 1a, 1b larva after last moult, from holly 1c, 1d larva after last moult, from ivy 1e pupa from holly
30:
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1016:
68:
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Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen
Faunengebietes. Band 1: Die palaearktischen Tagfalter
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in 1758, and refers to the examples flying in Europe. In their monograph on the
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and many other plants; in Europe visited usually by ants of the genus
1343:
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386:
331:
1039:"Holly Blue defies predatory wasp - Big Butterfly Count results"
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van Swaay, C.; Wynhoff, I.; Verovnik, R.; et al. (2010).
985:"Finland's national butterfly is the holly blue - Suomi 100"
426:
395:
but the second generation uses a range of food plants.
398:
The holly blue is the national butterfly of
Finland.
1452:
1184:
1105:. Butterfly Conservation, Colchester, UK, 20p.
1061:"The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex)"
8:
1172:
77:
43:
29:
20:
966:Butterfly Conservation A-Z of butterflies
851:List of butterflies of India (Lycaenidae)
406:This species was originally described as
1091:The Identification of Indian Butterflies
1041:. Butterfly Conservation. 9 October 2015
1021:The Identification of Indian Butterflies
1122:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1011:
1009:
867:
711:
1153:Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
1101:Willmott, Ken and Freed, Tim (1999).
7:
1318:c723816f-d70d-4f98-bc58-8185085d26b1
1074:Eliot, J. N. and Kawazoe, A., 1983.
856:List of butterflies of Great Britain
1519:IUCN Red List least concern species
886:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1027:. pp. 221–226, ser no H21.24.
923:The Global Lepidoptera Names Index
14:
282:Lycaenopsis argiolus calidogenita
1063:. Natural History Museum, London
777:
765:
753:
741:
729:
714:
440:Palaearctic & North African
102:
1093:(2nd ed.). Mumbai, India:
1023:(2nd ed.). Mumbai, India:
1095:Bombay Natural History Society
1025:Bombay Natural History Society
1:
1544:Butterflies described in 1758
942:Seitz, Adalbert, ed. (1909).
290:Lycaenopsis argiolus britanna
1539:Butterflies of North America
846:List of butterflies of India
320:family and is native to the
1554:National symbols of Finland
1549:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
916:Celastrina argiolus
498:South and South-East Asian
1570:
948:. Vol. 1. p. 322
932:Retrieved April 20, 2018.
772:Bottom sides of the wings
230:
223:
204:
197:
99:Scientific classification
97:
75:
66:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
1103:The Holly Blue Butterfly
1076:Blue butterflies of the
829:Listrodromus nycthemerus
1082:: 1–309, 6 pls. London.
928:Natural History Museum
337:
1534:Butterflies of Europe
1118:"Celastrina argiolus"
335:
1313:Fauna Europaea (new)
881:(Europe assessment)"
316:that belongs to the
16:Species of butterfly
1529:Butterflies of Asia
1216:Celastrina argiolus
1186:Celastrina argiolus
1147:Celastrina argiolus
893:: e.T174235A7033895
879:Celastrina argiolus
721:female laying egg,
309:Celastrina argiolus
250:Papilio argyphontes
208:Celastrina argiolus
69:Conservation status
989:suomifinland100.fi
971:2010-06-20 at the
338:
318:lycaenids or blues
253:Bergstrasser, 1779
245:Bergstrasser, 1779
1506:
1505:
1437:Open Tree of Life
1178:Taxon identifiers
1149:(Linnaeus, 1758)"
802:, it occurs from
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261:Bergstrasse, 1779
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242:Papilio thersanon
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1454:Papilio argiolus
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1403:NHMSYS0000516260
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1159:on April 3, 2018
1155:. Archived from
1143:Savela, Markku.
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991:. Archived from
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705:is known as the
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190:C. argiolus
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707:hill hedge blue
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643:C. a. ladonides
565:albocaeruloides
455:C. a. hypoleuca
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392:Ilex aquifolium
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258:Papilio argalus
234:Papilio cleobis
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660:sachalinensis
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84:Least Concern
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46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1453:
1185:
1161:. Retrieved
1157:the original
1152:
1146:
1125:. Retrieved
1102:
1090:
1079:
1075:
1065:. Retrieved
1043:. Retrieved
1033:
1020:
997:. Retrieved
993:the original
988:
979:
961:
950:. Retrieved
944:
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907:
895:. Retrieved
890:
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827:
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793:
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693:Common names
683:
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625:C. a. caphis
624:
620:Far Eastern
619:
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556:puspargiolus
555:
547:bothrinoides
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237:Sulzer, 1776
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18:
1339:iNaturalist
1210:Wikispecies
1087:Evans, W.H.
1078:Lycaenopsis
1017:Evans, W.H.
703:C. argiolus
636:Fruhstorfer
541:Fruhstorfer
532:Fruhstorfer
416:Lycaenopsis
328:Description
156:Lepidoptera
56:Cumnor Hill
24:Holly blue
1524:Celastrina
1513:Categories
1469:Q109585037
1390:CelasArgio
1127:6 February
1067:2016-10-15
999:2017-08-01
952:2023-01-11
862:References
800:South Asia
592:coelestina
529:herophilus
367:Astragalus
322:Palearctic
304:holly blue
274:marginatus
177:Celastrina
166:Lycaenidae
136:Arthropoda
62:, England
794:Found in
672:Kardakoff
614:ladonides
463:paraleuca
418:group of
314:butterfly
184:Species:
122:Kingdom:
116:Eukaryota
1463:Wikidata
1387:MaBENA:
1365:LepIndex
1224:BioLib:
1195:Wikidata
1163:April 3,
1089:(1932).
1019:(1932).
969:Archived
840:See also
808:Pakistan
723:Bulgaria
651:levettii
633:crimissa
520:victoria
484:Oberthur
481:algirica
434:argiolus
402:Taxonomy
389:species
363:Spartium
347:Euonymus
225:Synonyms
162:Family:
132:Phylum:
126:Animalia
112:Domain:
89:IUCN 3.1
1496:8157255
1331:1925918
1201:Q792871
1045:13 June
897:13 June
804:Chitral
796:Eurasia
669:heringi
604:Swinhoe
583:kasmira
568:Chapman
559:Chapman
550:Chapman
523:Swinhoe
511:sikkima
492:kollari
359:Genista
355:Robinia
351:Rhamnus
312:) is a
266:Papilio
172:Genus:
152:Order:
146:Insecta
142:Class:
87: (
1442:532307
1416:203782
1370:202137
1357:188523
1305:441106
1279:CELSAR
1266:262218
1109:
812:Kumaon
760:Female
684:
654:Butler
595:Kollar
538:cition
383:Lasius
60:Oxford
52:Female
1483:4CK4R
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1352:ITIS
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1274:EPPO
1253:S2R3
1235:BOLD
1165:2018
1129:2006
1107:ISBN
1047:2023
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