Hollywood blacklist - Knowledge (XXG)

1082:, who defended some of the Hollywood Ten in front of the committee in 1947, were labeled as Communist sympathizers or subversives and targeted for investigation themselves. Throughout the 1950s, the FBI tapped Crum's phones, opened his mail, and placed him under continuous surveillance. As a result, he lost most of his clients and, unable to cope with the stress of ceaseless harassment, committed suicide in 1959. Intimidating and dividing the left is now seen as a central purpose of the HUAC hearings. Fund-raising for once-popular humanitarian efforts became difficult, and despite the sympathies of many in the industry there was little open support in Hollywood for causes such as the 764:'s shield against self-incrimination (although, as before, Communist Party membership was not illegal). While this usually allowed a witness to avoid "naming names" without being indicted for contempt of Congress, "taking the Fifth" before HUAC guaranteed one's membership on the industry blacklist. Historians at times distinguish between the relatively official blacklist – the names of those who (a) were called by HUAC and, in whatever manner, refused to co-operate and/or (b) were identified as Communists in the hearings – and the 786: 883:– 'who read and commented upon any screenplay submitted to them. Although their criticism could be plentiful, stinging, and (sometimes) politically dogmatic, the author was entirely free to accept it or reject it as he or she pleased without incurring the slightest "consequence" or sanction.'" Much of the onscreen evidence of Communist influence uncovered by HUAC was feeble at best. One witness remembered Stander, while performing in a film, whistling the left-wing " 409:. Disney testified that the threat of Communists in the film industry was a serious one, and named specific people who had worked for him as probable Communists. Reagan testified that a small clique within his union was using "communist-like tactics" in attempting to steer union policy, but that he did not know if those (unnamed) members were communists or not, and that in any case he thought the union had them under control. (Later his first wife, actress 308:, a member of HUAC, held a press conference to declare that "one of the most dangerous plots ever instigated for the overthrow of this Government has its headquarters in Hollywood ... the greatest hotbed of subversive activities in the United States". Rankin promised, "We're on the trail of the tarantula now". Reports of Soviet repression in Eastern and Central Europe in the war's aftermath added more fuel to what became known as the " 328:(MPA), a political action group cofounded by Walt Disney, issued a pamphlet advising producers on the avoidance of "subtle communistic touches" in their films. Its counsel revolved around a list of ideological prohibitions, such as "Don't smear the free-enterprise system ... Don't smear industrialists ... Don't smear wealth ... Don't smear the profit motive ... Don't deify the 'common man' ... Don't glorify the collective". 1204:, one of the private firms that examined individuals for signs of Communist sympathies and "disloyalty". Marked by the group as unfit, he was fired by CBS Radio. Almost alone among the many victims of blacklisting, Faulk decided to sue AWARE in 1957. Though the case dragged through the courts for years, the suit itself was an important symbol of the building resistance to the blacklist. 1424:

questions about their membership in the Screen Writers Guild and Communist Party. The Committee demanded they admit their political beliefs and name names of other Communists. Nineteen of those refused to co-operate, and due to illnesses, scheduling conflicts, and exhaustion from the chaotic hearings, only 10 appeared before the Committee. These men became known as the Hollywood Ten.

108:(HUAC). These people were subpoenaed to appear before HUAC in October. The contempt citation included a criminal charge, which led to a highly publicized trial and an eventual conviction with a maximum of one year in jail in addition to a $ 1,000 fine (equivalent to $ 13,645 in 2023). The Congressional action prompted a group of studio executives, acting under the aegis of the 1107:) finds himself deserted by the good citizens of Hadleyville (read: Hollywood) when a gang of outlaws who had terrorized the town several years earlier (read: HUAC) returns." Cooper's lawman cleaned up Hadleyville, but Foreman was forced to leave for Europe to find work. Meanwhile, Kazan and Schulberg collaborated on a movie widely seen as justifying their decision to name names. 1049: 670:, the conservative war veterans' group, was instrumental in pressuring the entertainment industry to exclude communists and their sympathizers. In 1949, the Americanism Division of the Legion issued its own blacklist – a roster of 128 people whom it claimed were participants in the "Communist Conspiracy". Among the names on the Legion's list was that of the playwright 643: 1300:. Like Adrian Scott and Lillian Hellman, however, a number of those on the blacklist remained there for an extended period – Lionel Stander, for instance, could not find work in Hollywood until 1965. Some of those who named names, like Kazan and Schulberg, argued for years after that they had made an ethically proper decision. Others, like actor 1154:. The film, concerning a strike by Mexican-American mine workers, was denounced as Communist propaganda when it was completed in 1953. Distributors boycotted it, newspapers and radio stations rejected advertisements for it, and the projectionists' union refused to run it. Nationwide in 1954, only around a dozen theaters exhibited it. 832:

group of ex-Fascists and America-Firsters and anti-Semites, people who hate everybody, including Negroes, minority groups, and most likely themselves ... hese people are engaged in a conspiracy outside all the legal processes to undermine the very fundamental American concepts upon which our entire system of democracy exists.

452:, assured Bogart that they were not Communists. During the hearings, a local Washington paper reported that Hayden was a Communist. After returning to Hollywood, Bogart shouted at Danny Kaye, "You fuckers sold me out." The group came under attack as being naive or foolish. Under pressure from his studio, 3598:

article "Movies to Oust Ten Cited For Contempt of Congress; Major Companies Also Vote to Refuse Jobs to Communists – 'Hysteria, Surrender of Freedom' Charged by Defense Counsel; Movies Will Oust Ten Men Cited for Contempt of Congress After Voting to Refuse Employment to Communists", which appeared on

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suggests that, at this time, the First Amendment's right of free expression in these cases was used to protect the powers of the government accusers instead of the rights of the citizen-victims. After witnessing the well-publicized ineffectiveness of the Ten's defense strategy, later defendants chose

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When Dmytryk wrote his memoir about this period, he denounced the Ten, and defended his decision to work with HUAC. He claimed to have left the Communist Party before having been subpoenaed, defining himself as the "odd man out". He condemned the Ten's legal tactic of defiance, and regretted staying

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Acknowledging the potential for punishment, the Ten resisted the authority of HUAC. They yelled at the Chairman and treated the Committee with open indignation. Upon receiving their contempt citations, they believed the Supreme Court would overturn the rulings, which did not turn out to be the case,

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In late September 1947, HUAC subpoenaed 79 individuals on a claim that they were subversive and the supposition that they injected Communist propaganda into their films. Although never substantiating this claim, the investigators charged them with contempt of Congress when they refused to answer the

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described it as "the first industry admission of what has for some time been an open secret – that the threat of being labeled a political non-conformist, or worse, has been used against show business personalities, and that a screening system is at work determining these availabilities for roles".

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I know of a group of fanatics who are desperately trying to undermine the Constitution of the United States by depriving artists and others of Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness without due process of law ... I can tell names and cite instances and I am one of the first victims of it ... a

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inquired. Parks replied he knew the man, but had no knowledge of his political affiliations. No more was said about Stander either by Parks or the committee – no accusation, no insinuation. Yet Stander's phone stopped ringing. Prior to Parks's testimony, Stander had worked on ten television shows in

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Don't present me with the choice of either being in contempt of this committee and going to jail or forcing me to really crawl through the mud to be an informer. For what purpose? I don't think it is a choice at all. I don't think this is really sportsmanlike. I don't think this is American. I don't

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Belonging to the Communist Party did not constitute a crime, and the Committee's right to investigate these men was questionable in the first place. These men relied on the First Amendment's right to privacy, freedom of speech, and freedom of thought, but the Committee charged them with contempt of

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was pervasive in Hollywood. Two years later, Dies privately took testimony from a former Communist Party member, John L. Leech, who named forty-two movie industry professionals as Communists. After Leech repeated his charges in supposed confidence to a Los Angeles grand jury, many of the names were

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In the early days of the Martin Dies Committee ... the question had simply been, Are you a member of the Communist Party of the United States? As a countermeasure, the Party adopted a rule that automatically cancelled a Communist's membership the moment the question was asked. He could then answer

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On November 17, the Screen Actors Guild voted to make its officers swear a pledge asserting each was not a Communist. The following week, on November 24, the House of Representatives voted 346 to 17 to approve citations against the Hollywood Ten for contempt of Congress. The next day, following a

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Public support for the Hollywood Ten wavered, as everyday citizen-observers were never really sure what to make of them. Some of these men later wrote about their experiences as part of the Ten. John Howard Lawson, the Ten's unofficial leader, wrote a book attacking Hollywood for appeasing HUAC.

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spinoff listed 151 people in entertainment and broadcast journalism, along with records of their involvement in what the pamphlet meant to be taken as Communist or pro-Communist activities. A few of those named, such as Hellman, were already being denied employment in the motion picture, TV, and

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or the names of friends who posed as the actual writers (those who allowed their names to be used in this fashion were called "fronts"). Of the 204 who signed the amicus brief, 84 were themselves blacklisted. There was a more general chilling effect: Humphrey Bogart, who had been one of the most

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Even during the period of its strictest enforcement, from the late 1940s through to the late 1950s, the blacklist was rarely made explicit or easily verifiable, as it was the result of numerous individual decisions by the studios and was not the result of official legal action. Nevertheless, the

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The group's efforts dragged many others onto the blacklist: In 1954, "creenwriter Louis Pollock, a man without any known political views or associations, suddenly had his career yanked out from under him because the American Legion confused him with Louis Pollack, a California clothier, who had

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obituary stated he had "named names, pseudonyms and card numbers and was widely credited with being chiefly responsible for preventing communists from becoming entrenched in Hollywood production – something that foreign film unions have been unable to do." In a 65th-anniversary article in 2012,

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Many of the film industry professionals in whom HUAC had expressed interest were alleged to have been members of the Communist Party USA. Of the 43 people put on the witness list, 19 declared that they would not give evidence. Eleven of these 19 were called before the committee. Members of the

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describes, many Hollywood screenwriters had joined or associated with the local Communist Party chapter because it "offered a collective to a profession that was enmeshed in tremendous isolation at the typewriter. Their 'Writers' Clinic' had 'an informal "board" of respected screenwriters' –

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In light of the "Hollywood Ten"'s defiance of HUAC – in addition to refusing to testify, many had tried to read statements decrying the committee's investigation as unconstitutional – political pressure mounted on the film industry to demonstrate its "anti-subversive" bona fides. Late in the

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was published. Focused on the field of broadcasting, it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of "Red Fascists and their sympathizers". Soon, most of those named, along with a host of other artists, were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field.

589:, publicly announced that he had once been a Communist and was prepared to give evidence against others who had been as well. He was released early from jail; following his 1951 HUAC appearance, in which he described his brief membership in the party and named names, his career recovered. 999:

and was totally apolitical. Nine members of the Legion had picketed it anyway, giving rise to the controversy. By this time, people were not taking any chances. Ferrer immediately wired the Legion's national commander that he would be glad to join the veterans in their "fight against

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named him to HUAC in 1952. Dassin left for France, and spent much of his remaining career in Greece. Scholar Thomas Doherty describes how the HUAC hearings swept onto the blacklist those who had never even been particularly active politically, let alone suspected of being Communists:

394:, the House Un-American Activities Committee subpoenaed a number of persons working in the Hollywood film industry to testify at hearings. The committee had declared its intention to investigate whether Communist agents and sympathizers had been planting propaganda in American films. 768:– those others who were denied work because of their political or personal affiliations, real or imagined; the consequences, however, were largely the same. The graylist also refers more specifically to those who were denied work by the major studios, but could still find jobs on 801:. Their co-operation in describing the political leanings of their friends and professional associates effectively brought a halt to dozens of careers and compelled a number of artists to depart for Mexico or Europe. Others were also forced abroad in order to work. Director 776:, for instance, was called by HUAC when it was discovered that he had written some music reviews for a Communist newspaper. After he refused to name names, pointing out that he had never attended a Communist Party meeting, he found himself composing music for movies such as 580:

As far as I was concerned, it was a completely just verdict. I had contempt for that Congress and have had contempt for several since. And on the basis of guilt or innocence, I could never really complain very much. That this was a crime or misdemeanor was the complaint, my

620:– was one of those named by his former friend. Scott's next screen credit did not come until 1972 and he never produced another feature film. Some of those blacklisted continued to write for Hollywood or the broadcasting industry surreptitiously, using 857:(1991), in which the character based on Comingore "commits suicide rather than endure a long mental collapse". In real life, Comingore succumbed to alcoholism and died of a pulmonary disease at the age of fifty-eight. In the description of historians 284:

brought the CPUSA newfound credibility. During the war, membership in the party reached a peak of 50,000. As World War II drew to a close, perceptions changed again, with communism increasingly becoming a focus of American fears and hatred. In 1945,

4156: 541:. Within weeks of taking over in May 1948, Hughes fired most of RKO's employees and virtually shut the studio down for six months as he had the political sympathies of the rest investigated. Then, just as RKO swung back into production, 950:– which had been founded two decades before by three future members of the Hollywood Ten – authorized the movie studios to "omit from the screen" the names of any individuals who had failed to clear themselves before Congress. Writer 3593:

At least a couple of recent histories incorrectly give December 3 as the date of the Waldorf Statement: Ross (2002), p. 217; Stone (2004), p. 365. Among the many 1947 sources that establish the correct date, there is the

520:. Their statement said that the ten would be fired or suspended without pay and not re-employed until they were cleared of contempt charges and had sworn that they were not Communists. The first Hollywood blacklist was in effect. 382:. In August and September 1946, Wilkerson published other columns containing names of numerous purported Communists and sympathizers. They became known as "Billy's List" and "Billy's Blacklist". In 1962, when Wilkerson died, his 236:, among other Hollywood figures. Dies said he would "clear" all those who co-operated by meeting with him in what he called "executive session". Within two weeks of the grand jury leak, all those on the list except for actress 120:

and it included a condemnation of the personalities involved, effectively ostracizing those named from the industry. These producers instituted compulsory oaths of loyalty from their employees with the threat of a blacklist.

1308:, who gave friendly testimony to HUAC after suffering on the blacklist for a time, "concede with remorse that their plan was to name their way back to work". Others were haunted by the choice they had made. In 1963, actor 528:

The HUAC hearings failed to turn up any evidence that Hollywood was secretly disseminating Communist propaganda, but the industry was nonetheless transformed. The fallout from the inquiry was a factor in the decision by

265:. According to historians Larry Ceplair and Steven Englund, "In actuality, the strike had resulted from Disney's overbearing paternalism, high-handedness, and insensitivity." Inspired by Disney, California State Senator 7538: 270: 736:, the sponsor, said that it would not sponsor programs in which "controversial persons" were featured. Though the company later received thousands of calls protesting the decision, it was not reversed. 325: 464:

Committee for the First Amendment flew to Washington ahead of this climactic phase of the hearing, which commenced on Monday, October 27. Of the eleven "unfriendly witnesses", one, émigré playwright

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and as a result, they were convicted of contempt and fined $ 1,000 each (or, over $ 10,700 USD in 2016 dollars, when adjusted for inflation), and sentenced to six-months to one-year prison terms.

4744:"... the anti-communist frenzy of the 1950s ... crippled artistic and intellectual life in the US for decades. The film industry still suffers from the purge of left-wing and critical spirits." 1447:

While mostly criticizing the studios for their weakness, Lawson also defends himself/the Ten and criticizes Edward Dmytryk for being the only one to recant and eventually co-operate with HUAC.

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In 1951, Dare appeared before HUAC, lied about having never been a Communist, and continued to work in the entertainment industry. He was blacklisted two years later for his involvement in

413:, stated in her biography written with Joe Morella that Reagan's allegations against friends and colleagues led to tension in their marriage, eventually resulting in their divorce.) Actor 6277: 3770: 7903: 3572:

Lawson: I have told you that I will offer my beliefs, my affiliations and everything else to the American public and they will know where I stand as they do from what I have written.

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Like Parks and Dmytryk, others also co-operated with the committee. Some friendly witnesses gave broadly damaging testimony with less apparent reluctance, most prominently director

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For all that, evidence that Communists were actually using Hollywood films as vehicles for subversion remained hard to come by. Schulberg reported that the manuscript of his novel

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The following ten individuals were cited for contempt of Congress and blacklisted after refusing to answer questions about their alleged involvement with the Communist Party:

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Vaughn, Robert. (2004). Only Victims: A Study of Show Business Blacklisting, 2nd ed. New York: Proscenium/Limelight Editions. (Originally published New York: Putnam, 1972).

674:. Hellman had written or contributed to the screenplays of approximately ten motion pictures up to that point; she was not employed again by a Hollywood studio until 1966. 568:

brief signed by 204 Hollywood professionals. After the court denied review, the Hollywood Ten began serving one-year prison sentences in 1950. One of the Ten, screenwriter

8129: 6588: 4835: 7535: 761: 504:(MPAA)), declared to the committee that he would never "employ any proven or admitted Communist because they are just a disruptive force, and I don't want them around". 469: 456:, to distance himself from the Hollywood Ten, Bogart negotiated a statement that did not denounce the committee, but said that his trip was "ill-advised, even foolish". 5542: 4110: 4256: 3944: 7910:, series of interviews and transcripts (many online) from Center for Oral History Research, UCLA Library Special Collections, University of California, Los Angeles. 843:(UPA) was purged of a large portion of its staff, while New York-based Tempo was entirely crushed. HUAC investigations effectively destroyed families. Screenwriter 805:

was among the best known of these. Briefly a Communist, Dassin had left the party in 1939. He was immediately blacklisted after Edward Dmytryk and fellow filmmaker

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Christensen and Haas (2005), pp. 116–117 ("screened in only eleven theaters"); Weigand (2002), p. 133 ("arranged showings of the film in only fourteen theaters").

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followed in December, also bearing Trumbo's name. The blacklist was now clearly coming to an end, but its effects continue to reverberate even until the present.

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Wilkerson's son apologized for the paper's role in the blacklist, stating that his father was motivated by revenge for his own thwarted ambition to own a studio.

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Scholars Paul Buhle and Dave Wagner state that Hayden "was widely believed to have drunk himself into a near-suicidal depression decades before his 1986 death".

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be hired as musical director for her new series, also on CBS. The first main break in the Hollywood blacklist followed soon after. On January 20, 1960, director

1454:, screenwriter Lester Cole stated that all of the Hollywood Ten had been Communist Party USA members at some point. Other members of the Hollywood Ten, such as 77:, and other American entertainment professionals were barred from work by the studios based on their membership in, alleged membership in, or sympathy with the 5085: 4989: 8159: 7859: 7839: 7868: 4393: 3913: 3886: 8109: 7855: 7233: 476:

and assembly. Included among the questions they refused to answer was one now generally rendered as "Are you now, or have you ever been, a member of the

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John Henry Faulk won his lawsuit in 1962. With this court decision, the private blacklisters and those who used them were put on notice that they were

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The struggles attending the blacklist were played out metaphorically on the big screen in various ways. As described by film historian James Chapman, "

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The hunt for subversives extended into every branch of the entertainment industry. In the field of animation, two studios in particular were affected:

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of 1939. The U.S. government began turning its attention to the possible links between Hollywood and the party during this period. Under then-chairman

5575: 546: 995:, who used to be no more progressive than hundreds of other actors and had already been grilled by HUAC. The picture itself was based on the life of 861:

and David Wagner, "premature strokes and heart attacks were fairly common , along with heavy drinking as a form of suicide on the installment plan".

7520: 851:, who refused to name names. Divorcing Comingore, Collins took the couple's young son, as well. The family's story was later dramatized in the film 7935: 497: 109: 7830:

transcript of the writer's testimony (preceded by excerpts of actor Ronald Reagan's testimony – see below for link to complete Reagan transcript)

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pursued the correction of screen credits from movies of the 1950s and early 1960s to properly reflect the work of blacklisted writers such as

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In fact, the legal tactics of those refusing to testify had changed by this time; instead of relying on the First Amendment, they invoked the

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Another influential group was American Business Consultants Inc., founded in 1947. In the subscription information for its weekly publication

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In early 1948, all of the Hollywood Ten were convicted of contempt. Following a series of unsuccessful appeals, the cases arrived before the

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recalled that he had briefly been placed on the blacklist after dating a member of the party, despite his own politics being conservative.

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publicly announced that Dalton Trumbo, one of the best known members of the Hollywood Ten, was the screenwriter of his forthcoming film

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In 1951, with the U.S. Congress now under Democratic control, HUAC launched a second investigation of Hollywood and Communism. As actor

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The initial cracks in the entertainment industry blacklist were evident on television, specifically at CBS. In 1957, blacklisted actor

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The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25, 1947, the day after ten writers and directors were cited for

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about films which he said communist influence in Hollywood had prevented from being made: among them were proposed adaptations of

468:, ultimately chose to answer the committee's questions (following which he left the country). The other ten refused, citing their 7890: 2673: 1953: 827:

When Stander was himself called before HUAC, he began by pledging his full support in the fight against "subversive" activities:

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Thomas: That's not the question. That's not the question. The question is – have you ever been a member of the Communist Party?

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The Hollywood Book of Scandals: The Shocking, Often Disgraceful Deeds and Affairs of More than 100 American Movie and TV Idols

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blacklist quickly and directly damaged or ended the careers and income of scores of individuals working in the film industry.

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Parks ultimately testified, becoming, however reluctantly, a "friendly witness", and found himself blacklisted, nonetheless.

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The others remained silent and most were unable to obtain work in the American film and television industry for many years.

143:, a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten, was credited as the screenwriter of the film 685:

FBI men. It has no affiliation whatsoever with any government agency." Notwithstanding that claim, it seems the editors of

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I was a rat, a stoolie, and the names I named of those close friends were blacklisted and deprived of their livelihood.

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about it being 'better to die on your feet than to live on your knees' into a pep talk delivered by a football coach."

200: 159:(also 1960). Many of those blacklisted, however, were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward. 7928: 7752:

Murray, Lawrence L. (1975). "Monsters, Spys, and Subversives: The Film Industry Responds to the Cold War, 1945–1955",

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During this same period, a number of influential newspaper columnists covering the entertainment industry, including

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A number of non-governmental organizations participated in enforcing and expanding the blacklist; in particular, the

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was uttered by the actor Larry Parks during testimony before HUAC. "Do you know Lionel Stander?" committee counsel

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Edwin Rolfe: A Biographical Essay and Guide to the Rolfe Archive at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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Four months after refusing to co-operate with HUAC, Dagget appeared again before the committee and named names.

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The Hollywood blacklist was rooted in events of the 1930s and the early 1940s, encompassing the height of the

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Kenneth Billingsley, Hollywood Party: How Communism Seduced the American Film Industry in the 1930s and 1940s

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As William O'Neill describes, pressure was maintained even on those who had ostensibly "cleared" themselves:

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newsletter warned readers about a radio talk show that had recently expanded its audience by moving from the

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Lawson: It's unfortunate and tragic that I have to teach this committee the basic principles of Americanism.

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Others disagree about how Communists affected the film industry. The author Kenneth Billingsley, writing in

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for the professional and financial damage they caused. This helped to bring an end to publications such as

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in 1950. Since 1947, he had written or co-written approximately seventeen motion pictures without credit.

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advertising agency, which had ordered him dropped from the lead role in a television series it sponsored.

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Members of the Hollywood Ten and their families in 1950, protesting the impending incarceration of the ten

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Lawson: I am framing my answer in the only way in which any American citizen can frame his answer to ...

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Kenneth Billingsley, "Hollywood's Missing Movies: Why American films have ignored life under communism"

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Thomas: Are you a member of the Communist Party or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party?

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Schwartz, Jerry (1999). "Some Actors Outraged by Kazan Honor", Associated Press, March 13 (available

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argues that the film is "undermined" by its "embarrassing special pleading on behalf of informers".

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This article is about 20th-century political blacklists. For 21st-century lists of screenplays, see

7840:"McCarthy Era Blacklist Victims, Peace Groups, Academics, and Media File Amicus Briefs in CCR Case" 7530:

Verrier, Richard (2011). "Writers Guild Restores Screenplay Credit to Trumbo for 'Roman Holiday'",

4196:'No' without perjuring himself. The final wording ... was adopted to circumvent the Party's tactic. 3410: 3380: 3296: 3278: 3194: 3135: 3063: 2997: 2943: 2907: 2853: 2793: 2319: 2175: 1779: 1117:, including Oscars for Best Film, Kazan's direction, and Schulberg's screenplay. The film featured 1032:, regularly offered up names with the suggestion that they should be added to the blacklist. Actor 896: 853: 785: 715: 625:

prominent members of the Committee for the First Amendment, felt compelled to write an article for

477: 406: 237: 192: 78: 31: 7721: 7037:

American Film Institute Catalog – Within Our Gates: Ethnicity in American Feature Films, 1911–1960

5693:"Climate Of Fear: 'Blacklist' Chronicles Careers, Lives Trashed During Witch Hunts For Communists" 5015: 4856: 3647:, a 1939 theatrical production. Soon afterward, he recanted his earlier testimony and named names. 3509: 3458: 3446: 3159: 2925: 2895: 2691: 2223: 1335:. On December 19, 2011, the guild, acting on a request for an investigation made by his dying son 870:(later a screenplay, as well) had been subject to an ideological critique by Hollywood Ten writer 8060: 8052: 8044: 7983: 3548: 3344: 3266: 3260: 3242: 3069: 3039: 2859: 2667: 2616: 2562: 2544: 2532: 2520: 2355: 2277: 2247: 2043: 2019: 1809: 1659: 1392: 1336: 1264: 1259: 1249: 884: 871: 844: 728: 610: 379: 286: 257: 145: 7736:

Communist Activity in the Entertainment Industry: FBI Surveillance Files on Hollywood, 1942–1958

2769: 2745: 2640: 2550: 2502: 1911: 1221:, then entering its third season on the network. On November 30, 1958, a live CBS production of 1037: 847:, after a brief period on the blacklist, became a friendly witness and dumped his wife, actress 726:

sympathizer in the pamphlet, and was immediately removed from the cast of the television sitcom

273:, launched an investigation of "Reds in movies". The probe fell flat, and was mocked in several 261:, the industry trade magazine, declaring his conviction that "Communist agitation" was behind a 7432: 7051:

No Surrender! No Retreat!: African-American Pioneer Performers of 20th Century American Theater

6654: 3728: 934:, which described the rise of communism in Russia. Authors Ronald and Allis Radosh, writing in 8083: 8036: 7836:

detailed examination of legal issues involved in HUAC proceedings by historian Ellen Schrecker

7800: 7785: 7764: 7743: 7725: 7707: 7656: 7616: 7595: 7581: 7567: 7553: 7496: 7482: 7468: 7450: 7422: 7408: 7388: 7374: 7360: 7346: 7332: 7318: 7304: 7290: 7276: 7262: 7248: 7216: 7202: 7188: 7174: 7160: 7146: 7132: 7114: 7100: 7068: 7054: 7040: 7026: 7012: 6998: 6984: 6970: 6956: 6942: 6928: 6914: 6900: 6886: 6872: 6854: 6840: 6826: 6812: 6798: 6783: 6758: 6725: 6704: 6690: 6676: 6246: 6041: 6035: 4969: 4526: 4246: 4240: 4184: 4146: 4042: 3856: 3732: 3699: 3671: 3580:

Lawson: And I shall continue to fight for the Bill of Rights, which you are trying to destroy.

3552: 3374: 3302: 3236: 3206: 2679: 2568: 2331: 2253: 2217: 1617: 1487: 1147: 1109: 964: 959: 904: 892: 848: 693:

and HUAC; the results of that access became widely apparent with the June 1950 publication of

517: 473: 448:

to protest the government's targeting of the film industry. Members of the committee, such as

337: 245: 225: 113: 94: 6114: 5692: 4948: 4910: 7978: 7963: 7833: 7703: 7479:

Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime from the Sedition Act of 1798 to the War on Terrorism

7082: 6242: 3720: 3485: 3398: 3200: 2829: 2439: 2433: 2403: 2379: 2349: 2151: 1887: 1671: 1623: 1386: 1368: 1269: 1212: 1193: 1129: 996: 924: 910: 880: 681:, "The Newsletter of Facts to Combat Communism", it declared that it was run by "a group of 632: 616: 598: 371: 309: 204: 155: 4808: 4745: 7907: 7872: 7827: 7542: 7524: 7439: 7237: 7089: 6747: 6661: 5089: 4752: 4505: 4009: 3774: 3523: 3470: 3392: 3284: 3153: 2985: 2919: 2703: 2658: 2580: 2556: 2538: 2367: 2343: 2139: 2133: 2061: 2049: 1947: 1905: 1731: 1701: 1695: 1689: 1677: 1629: 1537: 1525: 1309: 1293: 1232: 1075: 1029: 1013: 974: 915: 773: 671: 667: 449: 429: 375: 316:

triumph in the 1946 Congressional elections, which saw the party take control of both the

217: 3608:

Blankfort gave co-operative, if uninformative, testimony to HUAC and was not blacklisted.

1025: 6740: 1281:

premiered – the first movie to bear Trumbo's name since he had received story credit on

7973: 3751: 3338: 3218: 3009: 2991: 2937: 2835: 2817: 2634: 2628: 2622: 2361: 2199: 2121: 2067: 2025: 1785: 1737: 1459: 1380: 1244: 1240: 1223: 1196:. Host of an afternoon comedy radio show, Faulk was a leftist active in his union, the 1166: 1114: 992: 985:

On December 27, 1952, the American Legion announced that it disapproved of a new film,

815: 798: 586: 465: 414: 363: 305: 241: 229: 6115:"Actor William Marshall Accused of Being a Communist - Jet Magazine, January 21, 1954" 1074:

The Hollywood blacklist had long gone hand in hand with the Red-baiting activities of

642: 8098: 8003: 7993: 7944: 7699: 7691: 4963: 4941: 4903: 3721: 3503: 3464: 3428: 3332: 3290: 3188: 3117: 3111: 3093: 3045: 3003: 2979: 2847: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2763: 2514: 2481: 2463: 2427: 2421: 2391: 2265: 2241: 2211: 2157: 1929: 1815: 1773: 1725: 1719: 1713: 1602: 1493: 1455: 1439: 1416: 1404: 1341: 1228: 1021: 955: 951: 733: 569: 565: 554: 550: 542: 538: 513: 509: 493: 433: 402: 351: 347: 233: 196: 140: 70: 7143:

A Talent for Trouble: The Life of Hollywood's Most Acclaimed Director, William Wyler

5543:"Honoring the Life and Accomplishments of the Late Ossie Davis | Capitol Words" 112:, to fire the artists – the "Hollywood Ten" – and make what has become known as the 7998: 7988: 7958: 7886: 7634: 4058: 3622: 3440: 3368: 3326: 3230: 3141: 3081: 2967: 2841: 2751: 2727: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2496: 2475: 2457: 2445: 2409: 2337: 2325: 2271: 2112: 2031: 1995: 1851: 1827: 1803: 1797: 1755: 1683: 1635: 1596: 1590: 1549: 1475: 1410: 1398: 1362: 1328: 1274: 1236: 1208: 1170: 1162: 1139: 1094: 1079: 1058: 1017: 969: 919: 875: 806: 802: 695: 636: 593: 534: 457: 453: 437: 355: 281: 221: 150: 131: 66: 50: 17: 7564:

Just My Soul Responding: Rhythm and Blues, Black Consciousness, and Race Relations

7371:

Programming for TV, Radio, and the Internet: Strategy, Development, and Evaluation

7273:

Constructing Black Selves: Caribbean American Narratives and the Second Generation

6236: 954:, for instance, one of the Hollywood Ten and still on the blacklist, had received 7885:

correspondent Elizabeth Farnsworth with two blacklisted artists, writer/producer

6795:

Hide in Plain Sight: The Hollywood Blacklistees in Film and Television, 1950–2002

1066:"plays a small-town librarian who refuses, on principle, to remove a book called 789:

Anticommunist tract from the 1950s, decrying the "REDS of Hollywood and Broadway"

7968: 7843: 7157:

The Final Victim of the Blacklist: John Howard Lawson, Dean of the Hollywood Ten

3491: 3452: 3416: 3386: 3362: 3350: 3254: 3165: 3105: 3033: 2973: 2931: 2823: 2799: 2733: 2697: 2646: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2259: 2229: 2205: 2169: 2088: 2013: 2007: 1983: 1959: 1923: 1845: 1839: 1767: 1749: 1707: 1665: 1653: 1641: 1584: 1555: 1513: 1429: 1374: 1332: 1301: 1201: 1180: 1118: 1113:(1954) became one of the most honored films in Hollywood history, winning eight 1104: 1063: 1053: 1048: 888: 769: 745: 530: 425: 418: 398: 367: 359: 301: 297: 252: 4832:"Blacklisted Writer Gets credit Restored after 60 years for Oscar-Winning Film" 4216: 1462:, publicly admitted to being Communists while testifying before the Committee. 7695: 7065:

Poverty in the United States: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, and Policy

6767:

Boyer, Edward J. (1996). "Danny Dare, 91; Blacklisted Choreographer, Dancer",

3570:

Thomas: Then you deny ... You refuse to answer that question, is that correct?

3547:

The following transcript of an excerpt from the interrogation of screenwriter

3308: 3087: 3051: 3021: 2949: 2883: 2805: 2721: 2685: 2526: 2451: 2397: 2313: 2307: 2187: 2100: 2094: 1941: 1863: 1833: 1743: 1543: 1235:, along with his literary partner, Joseph Fields. The following year, actress 1006: 978:

in the mid-1940s, was nowhere to be seen when the movie was released in 1953.

858: 794: 441: 410: 290: 74: 7287:

Congressional Theatre: Dramatizing McCarthyism on Stage, Film, and Television

6939:

The Cultural Front: The Laboring of American Culture in the Twentieth Century

4576:"Beloved actor-comedian Orson Bean, 91, hit and killed by car on Venice Blvd" 4498: 6955:. East Brunswick, N.J., London, and Toronto: Associated University Presses. 2889: 2181: 2127: 2106: 2071: 1977: 1971: 1917: 1881: 1821: 1151: 1099: 887:" as his character waited for an elevator. "Another noted that screenwriter 723: 627: 621: 212: 6911:

Forbidden Animation: Censored Cartoons and Blacklisted Animators in America

6899:(1971), Merle Miller and John Cogley. New York: Arno Press/New York Times. 3568:

Lawson: ... a question that invades his ... absolutely invades his privacy.

116:. It was announced via a news release after the major producers met at the 53:

in the mid-20th century in the United States during the early years of the

7896:

FBI Documents on Communist Infiltration – Motion Picture Industry (COMPIC)

7842:

news release focused on 2009 brief filed by former blacklistees including

7077:

Goldstein, Patrick (1999). "Many Refuse to Clap as Kazan Receives Oscar",

7067:, ed. Gwendolyn Mink and Alice O'Connor. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. 635:, which had continued its state-level investigations, summoned songwriter 537:, to leave the industry. As a result, the studio passed into the hands of 3937:"Blacklist: Billy Wilkerson's Son Apologizes for Publication's Dark Past" 3171: 3027: 3015: 2739: 1103:(1952), in which a town marshal (played, ironically, by friendly witness 958:

in 1950 for writing, years earlier, the story on which the screenplay of

54: 7467:, ed. Matthew Bernstein. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. 6701:

The Red And The Blacklist: The Intimate Memoir of a Hollywood Expatriate

5244:

McGill (2005), pp. 249–250; Ward (1998), p. 323; Cogley (1956), pp. 8–9.

4002: 3968: 7398:

Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television

6837:

The Inquisition in Hollywood: Politics in the Film Community, 1930–1960

6420:

Perebinossoff, Gross, and Gross (2005), p. 9; Kisseloff (1995), p. 416.

4678:

Film Maker rues 10 years as a red, By C.P.Trussell, NY Times, 25.5.1951

2082: 37: 7763:

Nizer, Louis. (1966). The Jury Returns. New York: Doubleday & Co.

6238:

The Inquisition in Hollywood: Politics in the Film Community 1930–1960

1165:

was one of the first to break the blacklist. Although he was named by

1036:

received an out-of-court settlement to end a 1954 lawsuit against the

512:

at New York's Waldorf-Astoria hotel, AMPP President Johnston issued a

27:

Mid-20th century banning of suspected Communists from US entertainment

7592:

Red Feminism: American Communism and the Making of Women's Liberation

7159:. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. 7039:. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. 5044:. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. pp. 19–21. 4523:

Red Star over Hollywood: The Film Colony's Long Romance with the Left

4076:

Red Star over Hollywood: The Film Colony's Long Romance with the Left

3910:"The Hollywood Reporter, After 65 Years, Addresses Role in Blacklist" 3617:

Madeline Lee – who was married to actor Jack Gilford, also listed by

1505:(an asterisk after the entry indicates the person was also listed in 1428:

Congress for refusing to answer questions. Later defendants – except

1185: 1097:, who had refused to testify before the committee, wrote the western 936:

Red Star over Hollywood: The Film Colony's Long Romance with the Left

417:

declared: "I am a witch hunter if the witches are Communists. I am a

240:

had met with the HUAC chairman. Dies "cleared" everyone except actor

7738:. Bethesda, Maryland: University Publications of America (available 6995:

A Shadow of Red: Communism and the Blacklist in Radio and Television

6981:

Cold War, Cool Medium: Television, McCarthyism, and American Culture

1443:

to plead the Fifth Amendment (against self-incrimination), instead.

7604:

Weinraub, Bernard (2000). "Blacklisted Screenwriters Get Credits",

7459:

Smith, Jeff (1999). "'A Good Business Proposition': Dalton Trumbo,

1273:, a decision now recognized as being largely made by star/producer 718:

was the first performer to lose employment because of a listing in

93:"Hollywood Ten" redirects here. For the eponymous documentary, see 1579:(see, e. g., Schrecker , p. 244; Barnouw , pp. 122–124) 1047: 968:

was based. There was no more of that until the 1960s. The name of

784: 712:

instituted a loyalty oath which it required of all its employees.

641: 280:

The subsequent wartime alliance between the United States and the

62: 36: 7369:

Perebinossoff, Philippe, Brian Gross, and Lynne S. Gross (2005).

7185:

A Documentary History of the Communist Party of the United States

6270:"Jeanette M. Gillerman Pepper Bello's Obituary on New York Times" 5921: 5919: 5900: 5898: 5888: 5886: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5809: 5807: 5396: 5394: 5361: 5359: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5307: 424:

In contrast, other leading Hollywood figures, including director

7913: 7023:

McCarthyism, The Great American Red Scare: A Documentary History

6925:

The Nightmare Decade: The Life and Times of Senator Joe McCarthy

5603: 5601: 4460: 4458: 3621:– was frequently confused with another actress of the era named 708:

meant that scores more were placed on the blacklist. That year,

181: 7917: 6851:

Cinemas of the World: Film and Society from 1895 to the Present

4888:

Anti-Communism in Twentieth Century America: A Critical History

4807:. Writers Guild of America, West. July 17, 2000. Archived from 3723:

Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices

1626:, screenwriter, mentioned in Venona intercepts of Soviet Agents 1173:

in spring 1951, he directed in December 1952 the Broadway Play

326:

Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals

7797:

The Broadcast 41 : women and the anti-Communist blacklist

7702:. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press (available 7633:

Berg, Sandra (2006). "When Noir Turned Black" (interview with

7465:

Controlling Hollywood: Censorship/Regulation in the Studio Era

7331:. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press. 7113:. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press. 6809:

Blacklisted: The Film Lover's Guide to the Hollywood Blacklist

4926:

The Logic of Persecution: Free Expression and the McCarthy Era

4642:

Cohen (2004), pp. 187–188; Ceplair and Englund (2003), p. 345.

709: 4990:"Hollywood Still Loves Very Red Dalton Trumbo – Human Events" 1070:

from the shelves when the local council deems it subversive".

6895:

Cogley, John (1956). "Report on Blacklisting." Collected in

6755:

Anything Your Little Heart Desires: An American Family Story

6635:

Boyer (1996); Navasky (1980), p. 74; Cogley (1956), p. 124.

4138:

The Performance of Power: Theatrical Discourse and Politics

564:; among the submissions filed in defense of the ten was an 553:. This was one of the crucial steps in the collapse of the 6477:"SHEPARD TRAUBE, 76, IS DEAD; STAGE PRODUCER AND DIRECTOR" 5151:

Horne (2006), pp. 204–205, 224; Goudsouzian (2004), p. 88.

3576:

Lawson: I have written for Americanism for many years ...

1267:

would give Trumbo screen credit for his role as writer on

484:, and began criminal proceedings against them in the full 312:". The growth of conservative political influence and the 7858:

transcript of the actor's testimony of October 23, 1947 (

7718:

Hollywood on Trial: The Story of the 10 Who Were Indicted

6883:

Projecting Politics: Political Messages in American Films

5289:

Denning (1998), p. 374; Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 108.

4905:

Hollywood on Trial: The Story of the 10 Who Were Indicted

1231:, appeared with the proper writing credit of blacklisted 1189:

opened at the Fine Arts Theater and stayed for 20 weeks.

7734:

Leab, Daniel J., with guide by Robert E. Lester (1991).

7665:

Briley, Ronald (1994). "Reel History and the Cold War",

7594:. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. 7343:

A Better World: Stalinism and the American Intellectuals

6967:

Radical Innocence: A Critical Study of the Hollywood Ten

6823:

Sound and Vision: 60 Years of Motion Picture Soundtracks

5638: 5636: 5463:

Denning (1998), p. 374; Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 20.

4830:

Devall, Cheryl & Osburn, Paige (December 19, 2011).

3555:

gives an example of the tenor of some of the exchanges:

300:

assailing the "alien minded Russian Jews in Hollywood".

180:

strikes during the 1930s increased tensions between the

7509:. Manfull, Helen, ed. New York: Evans and Company. ISBN 7507:

Additional Dialogue: Letters of Dalton Trumbo 1942–1962

7493:

Seven Dirty Words: The Life and Crimes of George Carlin

7097:

Hollywood Exile, Or How I Learned to Love the Blacklist

4611: 4609: 3668:

Hollywood Exile, or How I Learned to Love the Blacklist

7445:

Scott, William Berryman, and Peter M. Rutkoff (1999).

7419:

The Age of McCarthyism: A Brief History with Documents

7373:. Burlington, Mass., and Oxford: Focal Press/Elsiver. 7329:

The Cold War Romance of Lillian Hellman and John Melby

5510: 5508: 4561: 4559: 4557: 3670:. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. pp. ix. 836:

Stander was clearly speaking of the committee itself.

346:, published a "TradeView" column entitled "A Vote For 271:

Joint Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities

5335:

Schwartz, J. (1999); Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 50.

5072:

Ceplair and Englund (2003), p. 403; Goldstein (1999).

4722: 4720: 639:

to testify about his participation in the committee.

631:

magazine denying he was a Communist sympathizer. The

6839:. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. 6687:

Tube of Plenty: The Evolution of American Television

3582:

Thomas: Officer, take this man away from the stand.

1192:

A key figure in bringing an end to blacklisting was

8071: 8028: 8012: 7951: 7834:"Congressional Committees and Unfriendly Witnesses" 4928:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 132. 4135:Case, Sue-Ellen; Reinelt, Janelle G., eds. (1991). 4113:. USC-Feuchtwanger Memorial Library. Archived from 2322:, former president of radio and TV directors' guild 1227:, based on short stories written by then-Communist 1198:

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists

557:that had governed Hollywood for a quarter-century. 7576:Ward, Jerry Washington, and Robert Butler (2008). 7275:. New York and London: New York University Press. 4940: 4902: 4183:. Southern Illinois University Press. p. 59. 4063:What Dreams Were Made Of: Movie Stars of the 1940s 1215:as an associate producer for his anthology series 7686:Georgakas, Dan (1992). "Hollywood Blacklist", in 7225:Korvin, Charles (1997). "Actors Suffered, Too" , 7213:The Box: An Oral History of Television, 1920–1961 7063:Goldfield, Michael (2004). "Communist Party", in 6061: 6059: 6057: 4392:. Today.com (Associated Press). August 19, 2004. 7613:Metropolis: The American City in Popular Culture 7025:. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. 6689:. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3908:Baum, Gary; Miller, Daniel (November 19, 2012). 3877:Baum, Gary; Miller, Daniel (November 19, 2012). 3768:Kirk Douglas, "My Spartacus Broke All the Rules" 421:. I would like to see them all back in Russia." 390:In October 1947, drawing upon the list named in 216:reported in the press, including those of stars 4965:Hollywood Red: The Autobiography of Lester Cole 3969:"How the Film and Television Blacklists Worked" 3696:Sex and Violence: The Hollywood Censorship Wars 578: 211:(HUAC) released a report in 1938 claiming that 7313:Nelson, Cary, and Jefferson Hendricks (1990). 6587:. Authentic History Center. October 29, 1947. 4687:Bosley Crowther, Hot Stuff, NY Times 10.6.1956 4078:. San Francisco: Encounter Books, pp. 161–162. 3879:"Blacklist: THR Addresses Role After 65 Years" 1121:, one of the best known actors to name names. 972:, who had written the original screenplay for 7929: 7449:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 6881:Christensen, Terry and Peter J. Haas (2005). 6735:Bogart, Humphrey (1948). "I'm No Communist", 4947:. New York: Masses & Mainstream. p. 4245:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 228. 4111:"Bertolt Brecht's Appearance Before the HUAC" 4001:"testimony of Ronald Reagan and Walt Disney" 1052:The first Hollywood movie to overtly take on 596:, who had produced four of Dmytryk's films – 8: 7875:transcript of excerpts from PBS documentary 7123:Graulich, Melody, and Stephen Tatum (2003). 6871:, 14th ed., ed. John Pym. London: Time Out. 6675:, 14th ed., ed. John Pym. London: Time Out. 6371: 6369: 5853: 5851: 4242:Dalton Trumbo, Blacklisted Hollywood Radical 3599:the front page of the newspaper November 26. 662:have often been guests on Gaeth's program." 660:Communist Party members and fellow-travelers 585:In September 1950, one of the Ten, director 7683:Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2019. 7495:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. 6969:. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 6835:Ceplair, Larry, and Steven Englund (2003). 1345:(1953), almost sixty years after the fact. 1183:. In June 1956, his French film production 1078:'s FBI. Adversaries of HUAC such as lawyer 823:the previous 100 days. Afterwards, nothing. 689:had direct access to the files of both the 480:?". The HUAC formally accused these ten of 195:(CPUSA) lost substantial support after the 149:(1960), and publicly acknowledged by actor 7936: 7922: 7914: 7550:World Film Directors-Volume One: 1890–1945 6703:. New York: Thunder's Mouth/Nation Books. 6241:. University of California Press. p. 6073: 6071: 5129: 5127: 5042:Odd Man Out: A Memoir of the Hollywood Ten 4180:Odd Man Out: A Memoir of the Hollywood Ten 8130:Political repression in the United States 7289:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7261:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 7245:RKO: The Biggest Little Major of Them All 7131:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 6885:. Armonk, N.Y., and London: M.E. Sharpe. 6305: 6303: 6221: 6219: 6217: 5867: 5865: 5863: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5297: 5295: 5195: 5193: 5054:Herman (1997), p. 356; Dick (1989), p. 7. 4890:. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger. p. 77. 4525:. San Francisco: Encounter Books (2005). 4476: 4474: 4472: 4470: 3935:Wilerson III, W. R. (November 19, 2012). 7407:. Malden, Mass., and Oxford: Blackwell. 7317:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 7247:. Santa Monica, California: Roundtable. 6649:Anderson, John (2007). "Old Hollywood", 6235:Ceplair, Larry; Englund, Steven (1983). 5650: 5648: 5384: 5382: 5380: 4789: 4787: 4109:Schuetze-Coburn, Marje (February 1998). 4095: 4093: 4087:Ceplair and Englund (2003), pp. 281–282. 4065:. Rutgers University Press, 2011, p. 92. 4029:Ceplair and Englund (2003), pp. 275–279. 3810:Ceplair and Englund (2003), pp. 157–158. 3798:Ceplair and Englund (2003), pp. 156–157. 814:n March 21, 1951, the name of the actor 7720:. New York: Boni & Gaer (excerpted 6983:. New York: Columbia University Press. 6807:Buhle, Paul, and David Wagner (2003b). 6793:Buhle, Paul, and David Wagner (2003a). 6037:Zero Dances: A Biography of Zero Mostel 4439: 4437: 3872: 3870: 3859:(1946-07-29). "A Vote For Joe Stalin". 3658: 498:Association of Motion Picture Producers 397:The hearings began with appearances by 110:Association of Motion Picture Producers 7447:New York Modern: The Arts and the City 7187:, vol. 3. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood. 6825:. New York: Billboard/Watson-Guptill. 4909:. New York: Boni & Gaer. pp. 3947:from the original on December 14, 2017 3578:Thomas: Stand away from the stand ... 3574:Thomas: Stand away from the stand ... 3437:(1907–1983), director and screenwriter 1466:with the group for as long as he did. 460:told the group that "we oughta fold". 378:, Henry Meyers, Theodore Strauss, and 350:". It named as Communist sympathizers 269:, chairman of the state legislature's 209:House Un-American Activities Committee 139:The blacklist lasted until 1960, when 129:On June 22, 1950, a pamphlet entitled 106:House Un-American Activities Committee 89:Initial blacklist of the Hollywood Ten 7877:The Legacy of the Hollywood Blacklist 7653:Inside Out: A Memoir of the Blacklist 7516:(London), October 8, 2008 (available 7512:"Oliver Crawford: Hollywood Writer", 7173:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo. 7145:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo. 7099:. Austin: University of Texas Press. 7011:. Austin: University of Texas Press. 4867:from the original on 30 December 2012 4431:Quoted in Belton (1994), pp. 202–203. 4390:"Composer Elmer Bernstein Dead at 82" 4259:from the original on February 2, 2024 4003:http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6458/ 3806: 3804: 891:had inserted lines from a famous pro- 502:Motion Picture Association of America 244:, who was fired by the movie studio, 7: 7463:, and the End of the Blacklist", in 7345:. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction. 7201:, 2d ed. New York: HarperPerennial. 5691:Johnson, Allan (February 27, 1996). 5523:Boyer (1996); Cogley (1956), p. 124. 5133:Ward and Butler (2008), pp. 178–179. 5083:"Irving Lerner: A Career in Context" 3971:. Florida International University. 3727:. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. pp. 3689: 3687: 1253:. Six and a half months later, with 908:magazine, said that Trumbo wrote in 8160:Anti-communism in the United States 7259:Fireweed: A Political Autobiography 6897:Blacklisting: An Original Anthology 6724:. Roseville, CA: Prima Publishing. 6720:Billingsley, Kenneth Lloyd (2000). 5169:Nelson and Hendricks (1990), p. 53. 5103:Ceplair and Englund (2003), p. 401. 4565:Ceplair and Englund (2003), p. 388. 4361:Ceplair and Englund (2003), p. 387. 3916:from the original on August 6, 2015 1239:insisted that blacklisted composer 748:said when called before the panel, 104:for refusing to testify before the 7849:Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project 6475:Fraser, C. Gerald (25 July 1983). 5943:Graulich and Tatum (2003), p. 115. 5913:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. viii. 5016:"Hollywood Ten – American history" 3889:from the original on 6 August 2015 2577:, actor, screenwriter and director 1812:, journalist and radio commentator 1561:William Sweets, radio personality* 1501:Between January 1948 and June 1950 1005:refused to co-operate with HUAC." 543:Hughes made the decision to settle 25: 8110:History of Hollywood, Los Angeles 8020:Committee for the First Amendment 7688:Encyclopedia of the American Left 6717:in Ross (2002), pp. 193–212. 6574:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 248. 6565:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. vii. 6556:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 111. 6538:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 209. 6502:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 141. 6465:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 175. 6429:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 218. 6411:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 101. 6402:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 208. 6384:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 142. 6336:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 253. 6327:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 163. 6318:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 247. 6202:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 157. 6175:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 110. 6148:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 142. 6095:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 110. 6077:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 130. 6015:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 150. 5970:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 106. 5961:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 194. 5934:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 134. 5845:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 164. 5765:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 139. 5756:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 105. 5747:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 251. 5672:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 137. 5532:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 105. 5481:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 151. 5418:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 129. 5374:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 128. 5271:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 123. 5226:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 146. 5217:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 159. 5208:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 253. 5187:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 188. 4968:. Palo Alto, CA: Ramparts Press. 4793:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 251. 4480:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 250. 4020:Scott and Rutkoff (1999), p. 338. 704:radio fields; the publication of 572:, stated in the documentary film 516:that is today referred to as the 446:Committee for the First Amendment 263:cartoonists and animators' strike 184:and the unions, particularly the 7400:(1950). New York: Counterattack. 7359:. New York et al.: McGraw-Hill. 7111:Sidney Poitier: Man, Actor, Icon 6811:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 6797:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 6757:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 6715:American Cinema/American Culture 6547:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 66. 6511:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 90. 6493:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 47. 6456:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 91. 6447:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 36. 6438:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 63. 6393:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 55. 6363:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 88. 6354:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 18. 6309:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 11. 6297:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 10. 6225:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 45. 6193:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 26. 6184:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 78. 6121:from the original on May 7, 2023 6104:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 20. 6024:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 53. 6006:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 24. 5997:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 39. 5925:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 80. 5904:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 86. 5892:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 18. 5871:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 15. 5836:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 37. 5822:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 95. 5813:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 13. 5801:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 31. 5792:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 96. 5774:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 16. 5738:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. xi. 5720:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 48. 5681:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 14. 5621:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 83. 5472:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 77. 5445:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 73. 5409:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 22. 5400:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 17. 5365:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 22. 5326:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 83. 5317:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 49. 5301:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 31. 5280:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 42. 5262:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 50. 5199:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 28. 5081:Westphal, Kyle (March 25, 2013) 4714:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 30. 4582:. Associated Press. 2020-02-08. 4464:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 21. 4371:Susman, Gary (August 19, 2004). 2442:, actress, director and producer 753:think this is American justice. 7681:McCarthyism vs. Clinton Jencks. 7578:The Richard Wright Encyclopedia 7403:Ross, Stephen J. (ed.) (2002). 6591:from the original on 2013-07-18 6529:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 9. 6345:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 1. 6280:from the original on 2017-08-15 6166:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 8. 6157:Cohen (2004), pp. 178–179, 186. 5880:Cohen (2004), pp. 178, 181–183. 5703:from the original on 2013-05-21 5654:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 7. 5607:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 5. 5578:from the original on 2013-05-18 5388:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 6. 5344:Buhle and Wagner (2003b), p. 2. 5022:from the original on 2015-04-30 4838:from the original on 2012-01-12 4586:from the original on 2020-02-10 4396:from the original on 2017-04-20 4379:from the original on 2011-09-22 4334:Buhle and Wagner (2003a), p. 7. 4159:from the original on 2024-02-02 3975:from the original on 2011-07-19 3698:. Oxon: Routledge. p. 95. 2370:, journalist, radio commentator 1128:After his release from prison, 722:. In 1950, Muir was named as a 691:Federal Bureau of Investigation 248:, where he was under contract. 153:for writing the screenplay for 7856:Ronald Reagan's HUAC Testimony 7852:Supreme Court free speech case 7615:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood. 7580:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood. 6941:. London and New York: Verso. 6913:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. 5568:"Extravagant Crowd – Ruby Dee" 4992:. 31 July 2008. Archived from 3638: 3629: 3612: 3603: 3588: 3542: 2661:, actor, director and producer 2511:, actor, director and producer 2190:, composer and choral director 1878:, conductor and music producer 1540:, playwright and screenwriter* 1432:– tried different strategies. 1132:of the Hollywood Ten directed 646:The May 7, 1948, issue of the 49:was an entertainment industry 1: 8135:Cinema of Southern California 8125:Political and cultural purges 7860:Archived version of Nov. 2004 7821:Albert Maltz's HUAC Testimony 7355:Parish, James Robert (2004). 7341:O'Neill, William L. (1990 ). 7183:Johnpoll, Bernard K. (1994). 7035:Gevinson, Alan (ed.) (1997). 5572:brbl-archive.library.yale.edu 4805:"Corrected Blacklist Credits" 4413:Wakeman (1987), pp. 190, 192. 3967:Schwartz, Richard A. (1999). 3178:George Pepper (film producer) 2601:, screenwriter and songwriter 2292:, jazz and classical musician 2220:, screenwriter and playwright 2118:Peter Lyon, television writer 2103:, folklorist and musicologist 1908:, playwright and screenwriter 1872:, radio producer and director 1534:, playwright and screenwriter 841:United Productions of America 7799:. London: Goldsmiths Press. 7674:Archived version of Jan.2003 7646:Archived version of May 2013 7049:Gill, Glenda Eloise (2000). 6608:Navasky (1980), pp. 101–102. 6211:Navasky (1980), pp. 371–373. 4939:Lawson, John Howard (1953). 2448:, actor, writer and director 176:and World War II. Two major 8140:Cinema of the United States 7548:Wakeman, John, ed. (1987). 7477:Stone, Geoffrey R. (2004). 7405:Movies and American Society 7299:Navasky, Victor S. (1980). 7169:Jablonski, Edward (1998 ). 6753:Bosworth, Patricia (1997). 6375:Lerner (2003), pp. 337–338. 6040:. Hal Leonard Corporation. 4943:Film in the Battle of Ideas 4375:. EntertainmentWeekly.com. 3383:, screenwriter and producer 3203:, screenwriter and director 2970:, producer and screenwriter 2844:, producer and screenwriter 2802:, screenwriter and director 2664:Maurice Clark, screenwriter 1692:, screenwriter and producer 1450:In his 1981 autobiography, 1413:, producer and screenwriter 1371:, screenwriter and director 1323:Into the 21st century, the 340:, publisher and founder of 296:, began giving speeches in 8181: 8145:Film and video terminology 7795:Stabile, Carol A. (2018). 7777:, July 6, 1962 (available 7651:Bernstein, Walter (2000). 7552:. New York: H. W. Wilson. 7481:. New York: W. W. Norton. 7327:Newman, Robert P. (1989). 7109:Goudsouzian, Aram (2004). 7007:Faulk, John Henry (1963). 6927:. New York: Random House. 6520:Navasky (1980), pp. 93–94. 6139:Cohen (2004), pp. 172–178. 5857:Cohen (2004), pp. 172–176. 5630:Cohen (2004), pp. 178–181. 4452:Cohen (2004), pp. 173–179. 3912:. The Hollywood Reporter. 3846:Cohen (2004), pp. 169–170. 3482:Richard Weil, screenwriter 3323:, voice actor and producer 1866:, radio and TV personality 1842:, actress and screenwriter 931:The Yogi and the Commissar 92: 29: 7534:, December 19 (available 7417:Schrecker, Ellen (2002). 6965:Dick, Bernard F. (1989). 6951:Dick, Bernard F. (1982). 6937:Denning, Michael (1998). 6771:, November 30 (available 6653:, November 20 (available 6050:– via Google Books. 5178:Cogley (1956), pp. 25–28. 4726:Burlingame (2000), p. 74. 4521:Ronald and Allis Radosh, 4304:Jablonski (1998), p. 350. 4074:Ronald and Allis Radosh. 3566:Thomas: Then you deny it? 2484:, journalist, broadcaster 2346:, journalist, broadcaster 2334:, journalist, broadcaster 2286:, journalist, broadcaster 1668:, playwright and lyricist 1218:Alfred Hitchcock Presents 8155:1950s in American cinema 8150:1940s in American cinema 7491:Sullivan, James (2010). 7271:McGill, Lisa D. (2005). 7211:Kisseloff, Jeff (1995). 7095:Gordon, Bernard (1999). 6997:. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee. 6979:Doherty, Thomas (2003). 6909:Cohen, Karl F. (2004 ). 6821:Burlingame, Jon (2000). 6780:Zero Mostel: A Biography 5040:Dmytryk, Edward (1953). 4633:Bosworth (1997), passim. 4624:Charity (2005), p. 1266. 4580:Santa Monica Daily Press 4277:Gevinson (1997), p. 234. 4215:Vol. 93, Page 4177:Dmytryk, Edward (1996). 4143:University of Iowa Press 3758:, New York: Viking, 2003 3666:Gordon, Bernard (1999). 3506:, actor and screenwriter 1620:, composer and conductor 1349:Blacklisted individuals 1200:. He was scrutinized by 510:film industry executives 486:House of Representatives 405:, then president of the 7667:OAH Magazine of History 7611:Zecker, Robert (2007). 7505:Trumbo, Dalton (1970). 7285:Murphy, Brenda (2003). 6993:Everitt, David (2007). 6849:Chapman, James (2003). 6699:Barzman, Norma (2004). 6685:Barnouw, Erik (1990 ). 6667:Andrew, Geoff (2005). " 6034:Sainer, Arthur (1998). 5642:Navasky (1980), p. 282. 5490:Sullivan (2010), p. 64. 5436:Navasky (1980), p. 283. 5353:Barzman (2004), p. 449. 5160:Gill (2000), pp. 50–52. 4924:Redish, Martin (2005). 4886:Ceplair, Larry (2011). 4861:Encyclopædia Britannica 4781:Navasky (1980), p. 280. 4651:Chapman (2003), p. 124. 4615:Doherty (2003), p. 236. 4551:O'Neill (1990), p. 239. 4239:Ceplair, Larry (2015). 3819:Johnpoll (1994), p. xv. 3719:Chapman, Roger (2010). 2284:Robert William St. John 2262:, composer and lyricist 2244:, composer and lyricist 2022:, journalist and author 1974:, folk singer and actor 1902:, television journalist 1656:, producer and director 1558:, screenwriter and poet 1088:nuclear weapons testing 740:HUAC return (1951–1952) 549:against the industry's 533:, the primary owner of 201:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 8165:Victims of McCarthyism 7773:"Seven-Year Justice", 7669:8 (winter) (available 7641:(November) (available 7590:Weigand, Kate (2002). 7421:. New York: Palgrave. 7257:Lerner, Gerda (2003). 7197:Katz, Ephraim (1994). 7155:Horne, Gerald (2006). 7081:, March 22 (available 7053:. New York: Palgrave. 7021:Fried, Albert (1997). 6923:Cook, Fred J. (1971). 6863:Charity, Tom (2005). " 6782:, New York: Athenium. 6257:ceplair george pepper. 6086:Denning (1998), p. 374 5979:Herman (1997), p. 356. 5952:Zecker (2007), p. 106. 5729:Faulk (1963), pp. 6–7. 5663:Barzman (2004), p. 89. 5454:Faulk (1963), pp. 7–8. 5142:Newman (1989), p. 140. 5121:Navasky (1980), p. 88. 5112:Everitt (2007), p. 53. 4772:Belton (1994), p. 202. 4660:Andrew (2005), p. 981. 4443:Belton (1994), p. 203. 4422:Doherty (2003), p. 31. 4041:(Roseville, CA, 2000. 3861:The Hollywood Reporter 3584: 3539: 3291:Jean Rouverol (Butler) 3130:Paula Miller (actress) 3006:, film/record producer 2812:Francis Edward Faragoh 2130:, director and teacher 1932:, actress and comedian 1854:, pianist and composer 1648:Joseph Edward Bromberg 1318: 1071: 1062:was released in 1956. 1002: 834: 825: 790: 755: 663: 583: 547:federal antitrust suit 392:The Hollywood Reporter 343:The Hollywood Reporter 42: 7716:Kahn, Gordon (1948). 7655:. New York: Da Capo. 7566:. London: UCL Press. 7383:Ramón, David (1997). 7243:Lasky, Betty (1989). 7199:The Film Encyclopedia 7141:Herman, Jan (1997 ). 6713:Belton, John (1994). 6626:Cohen (2004), p. 179. 5514:Cohen (2004), p. 178. 5063:Gordon (1999), p. 16. 4962:Cole, Lester (1981). 4901:Kahn, Gordon (1948). 4763:Fried (1997), p. 197. 4735:Smith (1999), p. 206. 4696:Faulk (1963), passim. 4603:Cohen (2004), p. 176. 4489:Horne (2006), p. 134. 4352:Parish (2004), p. 92. 4286:Stone (2004), p. 365. 4229:Lasky (1989), p. 204. 3992:Cohen (2004), p. 167. 3837:Murphy (2003), p. 17. 3828:Horne (2006), p. 174. 3789:Murphy (2003), p. 16. 3694:Pollard, Tom (2015). 3556: 3209:, animation executive 3162:, writer and producer 3042:, editor and director 2464:Betty Winkler (Keane) 2340:, radio and TV writer 2256:, radio and TV writer 2208:, producer and writer 1998:, writer and director 1920:, writer and producer 1884:, actress and teacher 1599:, actress and teacher 1496:, editor and director 1314: 1084:Civil Rights Movement 1051: 983: 879:including Lawson and 867:What Makes Sammy Run? 829: 812: 788: 779:Cat Women of the Moon 750: 645: 332:Beginning (1946–1947) 199:of 1936–1938 and the 118:Waldorf-Astoria Hotel 40: 7679:Caballero, Raymond. 7562:Ward, Brian (1998). 7215:. New York: Viking. 6953:Hellman in Hollywood 6853:. London: Reaktion. 6778:Brown, Jared (1989) 5595:Ramón (1997), p. 44. 5427:Katz (1994), p. 241. 5253:Katz (1994), p. 106. 5093:Chicago Film Society 4211:Congressional Record 3405:Donald Ogden Stewart 3357:Viola Brothers Shore 3293:, actress and writer 3257:, actor and director 2700:, actor and comedian 2509:Richard Attenborough 2460:, singer and actress 2316:, writer, playwright 2172:, actor and comedian 2136:, actress and dancer 2097:, actress and singer 1944:, singer and actress 1936:Roderick B. Holmgren 1830:, actor and comedian 1792:Louise Fitch (Lewis) 1593:, actor and director 1587:, actor and musician 1158:Break (1957–present) 948:Screen Writers Guild 482:contempt of Congress 338:William R. Wilkerson 186:Screen Writers Guild 102:contempt of Congress 8105:Hollywood blacklist 8079:Hollywood blacklist 7901:Hollywood Blacklist 7229:, May 4 (available 6869:Time Out Film Guide 6739:, March (available 6673:Time Out Film Guide 6617:Cook (1971), p. 13. 5783:Dick (1982), p. 80. 5235:Faulk (1963), p. 7. 4996:on 25 November 2020 4542:Dick (1989), p. 94. 4325:(1950), pp. 6, 214. 4313:Newman (1989), 140. 3779:The Daily Telegraph 3535:Informational notes 3249:Frederic I. Rinaldo 3124:John "Skins" Miller 3064:Alfred Lewis Levitt 2944:Ian McLellan Hunter 2832:, radio personality 2676:, radio commentator 2674:Charles Collingwood 2418:, radio commentator 2388:, radio personality 2320:Robert Lewis Shayon 2304:, radio personality 2085:, classical pianist 1894:E. Y. "Yip" Harburg 1806:, radio commentator 1780:Richard Dyer-Bennet 1522:, actor and dancer* 1123:Time Out Film Guide 1068:The Communist Dream 1038:Young & Rubicam 854:Guilty by Suspicion 496:, president of the 407:Screen Actors Guild 294:America First Party 193:Communist Party USA 182:Hollywood producers 79:Communist Party USA 47:Hollywood blacklist 32:Black List (survey) 18:Hollywood Blacklist 8056:(2007 documentary) 8048:(1976 documentary) 8045:Hollywood on Trial 8040:(1950 documentary) 7984:John Howard Lawson 7906:2016-01-27 at the 7871:2014-01-22 at the 7826:2011-06-15 at the 7541:2012-01-12 at the 7523:2010-05-23 at the 7438:2006-09-10 at the 7303:New York: Viking. 7236:2024-02-02 at the 7088:2006-09-10 at the 6746:2011-08-12 at the 6660:2008-06-23 at the 6481:The New York Times 5088:2019-02-21 at the 4811:on January 2, 2008 4751:2012-09-30 at the 4504:2008-03-12 at the 4219:(October 27, 1947) 4099:Dick (1989), p. 7. 4008:2015-06-30 at the 3941:Hollywood Reporter 3883:Hollywood Reporter 3857:Wilkerson, William 3773:2015-11-10 at the 3549:John Howard Lawson 3345:Madeleine Sherwood 3267:Marguerite Roberts 3243:Robert L. Richards 3070:Helen Slote Levitt 2563:Leonardo Bercovici 2545:Barbara Bel Geddes 2541:, actor and singer 2356:Hester Sondergaard 2248:Edward G. Robinson 2109:, actor and singer 2034:, singer and actor 2020:Alexander Kendrick 1810:William S. Gailmor 1764:, actor and dancer 1758:, actor and singer 1552:, actor and singer 1393:John Howard Lawson 1337:Christopher Trumbo 1265:Universal Pictures 1260:The New York Times 1086:and opposition to 1072: 942:Height (1952–1956) 872:John Howard Lawson 791: 729:The Aldrich Family 664: 611:So Well Remembered 574:Hollywood On Trial 524:Growth (1948–1950) 380:John Howard Lawson 366:, Harold Buchman, 336:On July 29, 1946, 287:Gerald L. K. Smith 255:took out an ad in 251:In 1941, producer 197:Moscow show trials 125:Expanded blacklist 43: 8092: 8091: 8084:Waldorf Statement 8037:The Hollywood Ten 7879:and interview by 7790:978-0-87910-081-0 7769:978-0-671-12505-9 7532:Los Angeles Times 7501:978-0-306-81829-5 7079:Los Angeles Times 6788:978-0-689-11955-2 6769:Los Angeles Times 6669:On the Waterfront 4802:Weinraub (2000); 3553:J. Parnell Thomas 3551:by HUAC chairman 3423:Julius Tannenbaum 3303:Madeleine Ruthven 3237:Rosaura Revueltas 3207:William Pomerance 3030:, actor and comic 2680:Dorothy Comingore 2569:Herschel Bernardi 2332:William L. Shirer 2254:William N. Robson 2218:Samson Raphaelson 1618:Leonard Bernstein 1614:Ralph Bell, actor 1611:, scenic designer 1488:Joan LaCour Scott 1283:Emergency Wedding 1148:Rosaura Revueltas 1135:Salt of the Earth 1110:On the Waterfront 965:Emergency Wedding 960:Columbia Pictures 849:Dorothy Comingore 820:Frank S. Tavenner 797:and screenwriter 518:Waldorf Statement 474:freedom of speech 289:, founder of the 246:Republic Pictures 226:Katharine Hepburn 114:Waldorf Statement 95:The Hollywood Ten 16:(Redirected from 8172: 7979:Ring Lardner Jr. 7964:Herbert Biberman 7938: 7931: 7924: 7915: 7810: 7387:. México: Clío. 6636: 6633: 6627: 6624: 6618: 6615: 6609: 6606: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6596: 6581: 6575: 6572: 6566: 6563: 6557: 6554: 6548: 6545: 6539: 6536: 6530: 6527: 6521: 6518: 6512: 6509: 6503: 6500: 6494: 6491: 6485: 6484: 6472: 6466: 6463: 6457: 6454: 6448: 6445: 6439: 6436: 6430: 6427: 6421: 6418: 6412: 6409: 6403: 6400: 6394: 6391: 6385: 6382: 6376: 6373: 6364: 6361: 6355: 6352: 6346: 6343: 6337: 6334: 6328: 6325: 6319: 6316: 6310: 6307: 6298: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6285: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6232: 6226: 6223: 6212: 6209: 6203: 6200: 6194: 6191: 6185: 6182: 6176: 6173: 6167: 6164: 6158: 6155: 6149: 6146: 6140: 6137: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6111: 6105: 6102: 6096: 6093: 6087: 6084: 6078: 6075: 6066: 6065:Schwartz (1999). 6063: 6052: 6051: 6031: 6025: 6022: 6016: 6013: 6007: 6004: 5998: 5995: 5989: 5986: 5980: 5977: 5971: 5968: 5962: 5959: 5953: 5950: 5944: 5941: 5935: 5932: 5926: 5923: 5914: 5911: 5905: 5902: 5893: 5890: 5881: 5878: 5872: 5869: 5858: 5855: 5846: 5843: 5837: 5834: 5823: 5820: 5814: 5811: 5802: 5799: 5793: 5790: 5784: 5781: 5775: 5772: 5766: 5763: 5757: 5754: 5748: 5745: 5739: 5736: 5730: 5727: 5721: 5718: 5712: 5711: 5709: 5708: 5688: 5682: 5679: 5673: 5670: 5664: 5661: 5655: 5652: 5643: 5640: 5631: 5628: 5622: 5619: 5608: 5605: 5596: 5593: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5583: 5564: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5554: 5545:. 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Raymond Walsh 2404:Louis Untermeyer 2380:Elliott Sullivan 2350:Gale Sondergaard 2152:Burgess Meredith 1900:Robert P. Heller 1888:Dashiell Hammett 1870:Mitchell Grayson 1774:Clifford J. Durr 1672:Morris Carnovsky 1624:Walter Bernstein 1387:Ring Lardner Jr. 1369:Herbert Biberman 1277:. On October 6, 1257:still to debut, 1213:Alfred Hitchcock 1194:John Henry Faulk 1130:Herbert Biberman 997:Toulouse-Lautrec 925:Darkness at Noon 911:The Daily Worker 881:Ring Lardner Jr. 633:Tenney Committee 599:Murder, My Sweet 551:Big Five studios 545:a long-standing 444:, organized the 372:Ring Lardner Jr. 310:Second Red Scare 205:Martin Dies, Jr. 174:Great Depression 21: 8180: 8179: 8175: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8170: 8169: 8115:History of film 8095: 8094: 8093: 8088: 8067: 8024: 8008: 7947: 7942: 7908:Wayback Machine 7873:Wayback Machine 7828:Wayback Machine 7817: 7807: 7794: 7628:Further reading 7625: 7543:Wayback Machine 7525:Wayback Machine 7440:Wayback Machine 7385:Dolores del Río 7238:Wayback Machine 7129:in the New West 7090:Wayback Machine 6748:Wayback Machine 6722:Hollywood Party 6662:Wayback Machine 6640: 6639: 6634: 6630: 6625: 6621: 6616: 6612: 6607: 6603: 6594: 6592: 6583: 6582: 6578: 6573: 6569: 6564: 6560: 6555: 6551: 6546: 6542: 6537: 6533: 6528: 6524: 6519: 6515: 6510: 6506: 6501: 6497: 6492: 6488: 6474: 6473: 6469: 6464: 6460: 6455: 6451: 6446: 6442: 6437: 6433: 6428: 6424: 6419: 6415: 6410: 6406: 6401: 6397: 6392: 6388: 6383: 6379: 6374: 6367: 6362: 6358: 6353: 6349: 6344: 6340: 6335: 6331: 6326: 6322: 6317: 6313: 6308: 6301: 6296: 6292: 6283: 6281: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6253: 6234: 6233: 6229: 6224: 6215: 6210: 6206: 6201: 6197: 6192: 6188: 6183: 6179: 6174: 6170: 6165: 6161: 6156: 6152: 6147: 6143: 6138: 6134: 6124: 6122: 6117:. August 2009. 6113: 6112: 6108: 6103: 6099: 6094: 6090: 6085: 6081: 6076: 6069: 6064: 6055: 6048: 6033: 6032: 6028: 6023: 6019: 6014: 6010: 6005: 6001: 5996: 5992: 5987: 5983: 5978: 5974: 5969: 5965: 5960: 5956: 5951: 5947: 5942: 5938: 5933: 5929: 5924: 5917: 5912: 5908: 5903: 5896: 5891: 5884: 5879: 5875: 5870: 5861: 5856: 5849: 5844: 5840: 5835: 5826: 5821: 5817: 5812: 5805: 5800: 5796: 5791: 5787: 5782: 5778: 5773: 5769: 5764: 5760: 5755: 5751: 5746: 5742: 5737: 5733: 5728: 5724: 5719: 5715: 5706: 5704: 5697:Chicago Tribune 5690: 5689: 5685: 5680: 5676: 5671: 5667: 5662: 5658: 5653: 5646: 5641: 5634: 5629: 5625: 5620: 5611: 5606: 5599: 5594: 5590: 5581: 5579: 5566: 5565: 5561: 5552: 5550: 5541: 5540: 5536: 5531: 5527: 5522: 5518: 5513: 5506: 5498: 5494: 5489: 5485: 5480: 5476: 5471: 5467: 5462: 5458: 5453: 5449: 5444: 5440: 5435: 5431: 5426: 5422: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5404: 5399: 5392: 5387: 5378: 5373: 5369: 5364: 5357: 5352: 5348: 5343: 5339: 5334: 5330: 5325: 5321: 5316: 5305: 5300: 5293: 5288: 5284: 5279: 5275: 5270: 5266: 5261: 5257: 5252: 5248: 5243: 5239: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5207: 5203: 5198: 5191: 5186: 5182: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5164: 5159: 5155: 5150: 5146: 5141: 5137: 5132: 5125: 5120: 5116: 5111: 5107: 5102: 5098: 5090:Wayback Machine 5080: 5076: 5071: 5067: 5062: 5058: 5053: 5049: 5039: 5038: 5034: 5025: 5023: 5014: 5013: 5009: 4999: 4997: 4988: 4987: 4983: 4976: 4961: 4960: 4956: 4938: 4937: 4933: 4923: 4922: 4918: 4900: 4899: 4895: 4885: 4884: 4880: 4870: 4868: 4857:"Hollywood Ten" 4855: 4854: 4850: 4841: 4839: 4829: 4827: 4823: 4814: 4812: 4803: 4801: 4797: 4792: 4785: 4780: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4762: 4758: 4753:Wayback Machine 4743: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4725: 4718: 4713: 4709: 4704: 4700: 4695: 4691: 4686: 4682: 4677: 4673: 4668: 4664: 4659: 4655: 4650: 4646: 4641: 4637: 4632: 4628: 4623: 4619: 4614: 4607: 4602: 4598: 4589: 4587: 4574: 4573: 4569: 4564: 4555: 4550: 4546: 4541: 4537: 4520: 4516: 4510:Reason Magazine 4506:Wayback Machine 4497: 4493: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4468: 4463: 4456: 4451: 4447: 4442: 4435: 4430: 4426: 4421: 4417: 4412: 4408: 4399: 4397: 4388: 4382: 4380: 4370: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4329: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4303: 4299: 4294: 4290: 4285: 4281: 4276: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4253: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4228: 4224: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4191: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4162: 4160: 4153: 4145:. p. 153. 4134: 4133: 4129: 4120: 4118: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4098: 4091: 4086: 4082: 4073: 4069: 4057: 4053: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4015: 4010:Wayback Machine 4000: 3996: 3991: 3987: 3978: 3976: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3950: 3948: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3907: 3906: 3902: 3892: 3890: 3876: 3875: 3868: 3855: 3854: 3850: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3832: 3827: 3823: 3818: 3814: 3809: 3802: 3797: 3793: 3788: 3784: 3775:Wayback Machine 3766: 3762: 3750: 3746: 3739: 3718: 3717: 3713: 3706: 3693: 3692: 3685: 3678: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3650: 3645:Meet the People 3637: 3628: 3611: 3602: 3587: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3541: 3532: 3524:Joseph McCarthy 3520: 3515: 3471:Bernard Vorhaus 3393:Janet Stevenson 3285:Louise Rousseau 3213:Vladimir Pozner 3183:Jeanette Pepper 3154:Mortimer Offner 3076:Mitch Lindemann 2986:Sidney Kingsley 2920:David Hilberman 2770:Arnaud d'Usseau 2758:Howard Dimsdale 2746:Dolores del Río 2724:, choreographer 2704:Oliver Crawford 2668:Richard Collins 2659:Charlie Chaplin 2581:Henry Blankfort 2557:Seymour Bennett 2539:Harry Belafonte 2492: 2490:After June 1950 2487: 2394:, choreographer 2368:Johannes Steele 2344:Howard K. Smith 2310:, jazz musician 2236:Kenneth Roberts 2140:Myron McCormick 2062:Arthur Laurents 2050:Millard Lampell 2010:, radio actress 1948:Langston Hughes 1906:Lillian Hellman 1732:Howard Da Silva 1702:Mady Christians 1696:Jerome Chodorov 1690:Edward Chodorov 1678:Cliff Carpenter 1630:Marc Blitzstein 1577: 1538:Lillian Hellman 1526:Sheridan Gibney 1503: 1472: 1356: 1351: 1310:Sterling Hayden 1263:announced that 1233:Edward Chodorov 1160: 1076:J. Edgar Hoover 1030:George Sokolsky 1014:Walter Winchell 944: 916:Arthur Koestler 845:Richard Collins 774:Elmer Bernstein 762:Fifth Amendment 742: 672:Lillian Hellman 668:American Legion 526: 478:Communist Party 470:First Amendment 450:Sterling Hayden 430:Humphrey Bogart 376:Harold Salemson 334: 218:Humphrey Bogart 170: 165: 127: 98: 91: 61:and elsewhere. 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8178: 8176: 8168: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8097: 8096: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8086: 8081: 8075: 8073: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8065: 8057: 8049: 8041: 8032: 8030: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8022: 8016: 8014: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7974:Edward Dmytryk 7971: 7966: 7961: 7955: 7953: 7949: 7948: 7943: 7941: 7940: 7933: 7926: 7918: 7912: 7911: 7898: 7893: 7863: 7853: 7837: 7831: 7816: 7815:External links 7813: 7812: 7811: 7805: 7792: 7782: 7771: 7761: 7750: 7732: 7714: 7684: 7677: 7663: 7649: 7624: 7623: 7609: 7606:New York Times 7602: 7588: 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3752:Victor Navasky 3744: 3737: 3711: 3704: 3683: 3676: 3657: 3656: 3649: 3648: 3635: 3626: 3609: 3600: 3596:New York Times 3585: 3538: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3526: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3513: 3512:, screenwriter 3507: 3501: 3500:, screenwriter 3498:Michael Wilson 3495: 3494:, screenwriter 3489: 3483: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3467:, screenwriter 3462: 3456: 3450: 3449:, screenwriter 3444: 3438: 3435:Shepard Traube 3432: 3431:, screenwriter 3426: 3420: 3419:, screenwriter 3414: 3413:, screenwriter 3408: 3407:, screenwriter 3402: 3396: 3390: 3389:, screenwriter 3384: 3378: 3372: 3366: 3360: 3359:, screenwriter 3354: 3353:, screenwriter 3348: 3342: 3339:Joshua Shelley 3336: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3317:, screenwriter 3312: 3311:, screenwriter 3306: 3305:, screenwriter 3300: 3294: 3288: 3287:, screenwriter 3282: 3276: 3275:, screenwriter 3270: 3269:, screenwriter 3264: 3263:, screenwriter 3258: 3252: 3251:, screenwriter 3246: 3245:, screenwriter 3240: 3234: 3233:, screenwriter 3228: 3222: 3219:Stanley Prager 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2857: 2851: 2850:, screenwriter 2845: 2839: 2836:Jerry Fielding 2833: 2827: 2821: 2818:Frances Farmer 2815: 2814:, screenwriter 2809: 2808:, screenwriter 2803: 2797: 2791: 2790:, screenwriter 2785: 2784:, screenwriter 2779: 2773: 2772:, screenwriter 2767: 2761: 2755: 2754:, screenwriter 2749: 2743: 2737: 2731: 2725: 2719: 2716:Charles Dagget 2713: 2707: 2706:, screenwriter 2701: 2695: 2694:, screenwriter 2689: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2670:, screenwriter 2665: 2662: 2656: 2655:, screenwriter 2650: 2649:, screenwriter 2644: 2643:, screenwriter 2638: 2632: 2631:, screenwriter 2629:Sidney Buchman 2626: 2625:, screenwriter 2623:Harold Buchman 2620: 2614: 2613:, screenwriter 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2583:, screenwriter 2578: 2572: 2566: 2565:, screenwriter 2560: 2559:, screenwriter 2554: 2553:, screenwriter 2548: 2542: 2536: 2535:, screenwriter 2530: 2524: 2523:, screenwriter 2518: 2517:, screenwriter 2512: 2506: 2505:, screenwriter 2500: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2485: 2479: 2473: 2470:Martin Wolfson 2467: 2461: 2455: 2449: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2425: 2419: 2413: 2407: 2401: 2395: 2389: 2386:William Sweets 2383: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2362:Lionel Stander 2359: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2317: 2311: 2305: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2281: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2245: 2239: 2233: 2227: 2221: 2215: 2209: 2203: 2202:, screenwriter 2200:Dorothy Parker 2197: 2191: 2185: 2179: 2173: 2167: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2122:Aline MacMahon 2119: 2116: 2110: 2104: 2098: 2092: 2086: 2080: 2074: 2070:, actress and 2068:Gypsy Rose Lee 2065: 2059: 2056:John La Touche 2053: 2052:, screenwriter 2047: 2041: 2040:, screenwriter 2035: 2029: 2026:Adelaide Klein 2023: 2017: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1993: 1987: 1981: 1975: 1969: 1966:Charles Irving 1963: 1957: 1951: 1945: 1939: 1933: 1927: 1921: 1915: 1909: 1903: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1879: 1876:Horace Grenell 1873: 1867: 1861: 1858:Shirley Graham 1855: 1849: 1843: 1837: 1831: 1825: 1819: 1813: 1807: 1801: 1795: 1789: 1783: 1777: 1771: 1765: 1759: 1753: 1752:, music critic 1747: 1741: 1738:Roger De Koven 1735: 1729: 1723: 1717: 1711: 1705: 1699: 1693: 1687: 1681: 1675: 1669: 1663: 1657: 1651: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1627: 1621: 1615: 1612: 1606: 1600: 1594: 1588: 1581: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1565:Richard Wright 1562: 1559: 1553: 1547: 1541: 1535: 1529: 1528:, screenwriter 1523: 1517: 1516:, screenwriter 1502: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1491: 1490:, screenwriter 1485: 1484:, screenwriter 1482:Bernard Gordon 1479: 1471: 1470:Others in 1947 1468: 1460:Edward Dmytryk 1421: 1420: 1419:, screenwriter 1414: 1408: 1407:, screenwriter 1402: 1401:, screenwriter 1396: 1395:, screenwriter 1390: 1389:, screenwriter 1384: 1381:Edward Dmytryk 1378: 1377:, screenwriter 1372: 1366: 1365:, screenwriter 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1306:Michael Gordon 1294:legally liable 1245:Otto Preminger 1241:Jerry Fielding 1224:Wonderful Town 1167:Edward Dmytryk 1159: 1156: 1144:Michael Wilson 1115:Academy Awards 943: 940: 885:Internationale 816:Lionel Stander 799:Budd Schulberg 741: 738: 587:Edward Dmytryk 525: 522: 466:Bertolt Brecht 415:Adolphe Menjou 333: 330: 306:John E. Rankin 242:Lionel Stander 230:Melvyn Douglas 169: 166: 164: 161: 126: 123: 90: 87: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8177: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8102: 8100: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8076: 8074: 8070: 8063: 8062: 8058: 8055: 8054: 8050: 8047: 8046: 8042: 8039: 8038: 8034: 8033: 8031: 8027: 8021: 8018: 8017: 8015: 8011: 8005: 8004:Dalton Trumbo 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7994:Samuel Ornitz 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7956: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7945:Hollywood Ten 7939: 7934: 7932: 7927: 7925: 7920: 7919: 7916: 7909: 7905: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7888: 7884: 7883: 7878: 7874: 7870: 7867: 7864: 7861: 7857: 7854: 7851: 7850: 7845: 7841: 7838: 7835: 7832: 7829: 7825: 7822: 7819: 7818: 7814: 7808: 7806:9781906897871 7802: 7798: 7793: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7759: 7756:9 (available 7755: 7751: 7749: 7748:1-55655-414-1 7745: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7731: 7730:0-405-03921-2 7727: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7713: 7712:0-252-06250-7 7709: 7705: 7701: 7700:Dan Georgakas 7697: 7693: 7692:Mari Jo Buhle 7689: 7685: 7682: 7678: 7675: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7662: 7661:0-306-80936-2 7658: 7654: 7650: 7647: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7632: 7631: 7630: 7629: 7622: 7621:0-275-99712-X 7618: 7614: 7610: 7607: 7603: 7601: 7600:0-8018-6489-5 7597: 7593: 7589: 7587: 7586:0-313-31239-7 7583: 7579: 7575: 7573: 7572:1-85728-138-1 7569: 7565: 7561: 7559: 7558:0-8242-0757-2 7555: 7551: 7547: 7544: 7540: 7537: 7533: 7529: 7526: 7522: 7519: 7515: 7511: 7508: 7504: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7488: 7487:0-393-05880-8 7484: 7480: 7476: 7474: 7473:0-8135-2707-4 7470: 7466: 7462: 7458: 7456: 7455:0-8018-5998-0 7452: 7448: 7444: 7441: 7437: 7434: 7430: 7428: 7427:0-312-29425-5 7424: 7420: 7416: 7414: 7413:0-631-21960-9 7410: 7406: 7402: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7393:968-6932-35-6 7390: 7386: 7382: 7380: 7379:0-240-80682-4 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6692: 6688: 6684: 6682: 6681:1-904978-48-7 6678: 6674: 6670: 6666: 6663: 6659: 6656: 6652: 6651:Village Voice 6648: 6647: 6645: 6644: 6632: 6629: 6623: 6620: 6614: 6611: 6605: 6602: 6590: 6586: 6580: 6577: 6571: 6568: 6562: 6559: 6553: 6550: 6544: 6541: 6535: 6532: 6526: 6523: 6517: 6514: 6508: 6505: 6499: 6496: 6490: 6487: 6482: 6478: 6471: 6468: 6462: 6459: 6453: 6450: 6444: 6441: 6435: 6432: 6426: 6423: 6417: 6414: 6408: 6405: 6399: 6396: 6390: 6387: 6381: 6378: 6372: 6370: 6366: 6360: 6357: 6351: 6348: 6342: 6339: 6333: 6330: 6324: 6321: 6315: 6312: 6306: 6304: 6300: 6294: 6291: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6265: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6252:9780385129008 6248: 6244: 6240: 6239: 6231: 6228: 6222: 6220: 6218: 6214: 6208: 6205: 6199: 6196: 6190: 6187: 6181: 6178: 6172: 6169: 6163: 6160: 6154: 6151: 6145: 6142: 6136: 6133: 6120: 6116: 6110: 6107: 6101: 6098: 6092: 6089: 6083: 6080: 6074: 6072: 6068: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6054: 6049: 6047:9780879100964 6043: 6039: 6038: 6030: 6027: 6021: 6018: 6012: 6009: 6003: 6000: 5994: 5991: 5985: 5982: 5976: 5973: 5967: 5964: 5958: 5955: 5949: 5946: 5940: 5937: 5931: 5928: 5922: 5920: 5916: 5910: 5907: 5901: 5899: 5895: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5877: 5874: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5860: 5854: 5852: 5848: 5842: 5839: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5825: 5819: 5816: 5810: 5808: 5804: 5798: 5795: 5789: 5786: 5780: 5777: 5771: 5768: 5762: 5759: 5753: 5750: 5744: 5741: 5735: 5732: 5726: 5723: 5717: 5714: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5687: 5684: 5678: 5675: 5669: 5666: 5660: 5657: 5651: 5649: 5645: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5627: 5624: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5602: 5598: 5592: 5589: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5563: 5560: 5549:on 2013-04-14 5548: 5544: 5538: 5535: 5529: 5526: 5520: 5517: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5496: 5493: 5487: 5484: 5478: 5475: 5469: 5466: 5460: 5457: 5451: 5448: 5442: 5439: 5433: 5430: 5424: 5421: 5415: 5412: 5406: 5403: 5397: 5395: 5391: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5377: 5371: 5368: 5362: 5360: 5356: 5350: 5347: 5341: 5338: 5332: 5329: 5323: 5320: 5314: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5304: 5298: 5296: 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Gross 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2854:Lester Fuller 2852: 2849: 2848:Anne Froelick 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2794:Faith Elliott 2792: 2789: 2788:Edward Eliscu 2786: 2783: 2782:Leslie Edgley 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2764:Ludwig Donath 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2710:John Cromwell 2708: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2653:Alan Campbell 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2515:Norma Barzman 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2489: 2483: 2482:Richard Yaffe 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2428:Theodore Ward 2426: 2423: 2422:Sam Wanamaker 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2392:Helen Tamiris 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2298:, folk singer 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2280:, TV director 2279: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2266:Norman Rosten 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2242:Earl Robinson 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2212:Minerva Pious 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2158:Arthur Miller 2156: 2153: 2150: 2148:, radio actor 2147: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2099: 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1261: 1256: 1252: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1229:Ruth McKenney 1226: 1225: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1211:was hired by 1210: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1187: 1182: 1178: 1177: 1176:Two's Company 1172: 1168: 1164: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1149: 1146:, and actors 1145: 1141: 1137: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1111: 1106: 1102: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1022:Victor Riesel 1019: 1015: 1010: 1008: 1001: 998: 994: 990: 989: 982: 979: 977: 976: 971: 967: 966: 961: 957: 956:screen credit 953: 952:Dalton Trumbo 949: 946:In 1952, the 941: 939: 937: 933: 932: 927: 926: 921: 917: 913: 912: 907: 906: 900: 898: 897:La Pasionaria 894: 890: 886: 882: 877: 873: 869: 868: 862: 860: 856: 855: 850: 846: 842: 837: 833: 828: 824: 821: 817: 811: 808: 804: 800: 796: 787: 783: 781: 780: 775: 771: 767: 763: 758: 754: 749: 747: 739: 737: 735: 734:General Foods 731: 730: 725: 721: 717: 713: 711: 707: 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L. River 3255:Martin Ritt 3166:Larry Parks 3148:Henry Myers 3106:John McGrew 3040:Carl Lerner 3034:Robert Lees 2998:Mickey Knox 2974:Gordon Kahn 2932:John Hubley 2860:Bert Gilden 2824:Howard Fast 2800:Cy Endfield 2734:Ossie Davis 2698:Irwin Corey 2647:Hugo Butler 2635:Luis Buñuel 2611:John Bright 2533:Albert Bein 2521:Sol Barzman 2302:Lisa Sergio 2296:Pete Seeger 2290:Hazel Scott 2278:Coby Ruskin 2260:Harold Rome 2230:Anne Revere 2206:Arnold Perl 2170:Zero Mostel 2089:Philip Loeb 2044:Tony Kraber 2038:Howard Koch 2014:Pert Kelton 2008:Donna Keath 1984:Leon Janney 1960:Leo Hurwitz 1954:Marsha Hunt 1924:Rose Hobart 1846:Lloyd Gough 1840:Ruth Gordon 1786:José Ferrer 1768:Howard Duff 1762:Paul Draper 1750:Olin Downes 1746:, conductor 1708:Lee J. Cobb 1666:Abe Burrows 1654:Himan Brown 1642:Oscar Brand 1585:Larry Adler 1556:Edwin Rolfe 1520:Paul Draper 1514:Ben Barzman 1430:Pete Seeger 1375:Lester Cole 1333:Hugo Butler 1302:Lee J. Cobb 1202:AWARE, Inc. 1181:Bette Davis 1119:Lee J. Cobb 1105:Gary Cooper 1064:Bette Davis 1054:McCarthyism 1000:communism". 993:José Ferrer 991:, starring 889:Lester Cole 772:: Composer 770:Poverty Row 746:Larry Parks 654:network to 531:Floyd Odlum 508:meeting of 428:and actors 426:John Huston 399:Walt Disney 368:John Wexley 364:Howard Koch 360:Lester Cole 302:Mississippi 298:Los Angeles 277:headlines. 267:Jack Tenney 253:Walt Disney 8099:Categories 7696:Paul Buhle 7639:Written By 6595:2010-10-14 6284:2018-01-09 5707:2012-12-09 5582:2013-02-15 5553:2013-02-15 5026:2022-06-23 4871:9 December 4842:2011-12-20 4815:2010-03-03 4590:2020-02-10 4400:2009-02-27 4383:2009-02-27 4208:1947 4163:2020-10-18 4121:2010-03-03 3979:2010-03-03 3677:0292728271 3530:References 3488:, producer 3479:, producer 3477:John Weber 3473:, director 3425:, producer 3321:Bill Scott 3309:Waldo Salt 3221:, director 3191:, director 3120:, animator 3108:, animator 3088:Ben Maddow 3052:Sam Levene 3048:, director 2950:Kim Hunter 2934:, animator 2922:, animator 2910:, producer 2902:Anne Green 2884:Jay Gorney 2880:, director 2856:, director 2838:, composer 2806:Guy Endore 2796:, animator 2730:, director 2722:Danny Dare 2718:, animator 2712:, director 2686:Jeff Corey 2641:Val Burton 2637:, director 2617:Phil Brown 2575:John Berry 2551:Ben Bengal 2527:Orson Bean 2503:Lew Amster 2452:Josh White 2400:, director 2398:Betty Todd 2314:Irwin Shaw 2308:Artie Shaw 2196:, attorney 2188:Lyn Murray 2115:, director 2101:Alan Lomax 2095:Ella Logan 2058:, lyricist 1990:Joe Julian 1962:, director 1942:Lena Horne 1912:Jon Hering 1896:, lyricist 1864:Ben Grauer 1834:Tom Glazer 1776:, attorney 1744:Dean Dixon 1722:, composer 1660:John Brown 1632:, composer 1609:Howard Bay 1544:Canada Lee 1532:Paul Green 1478:, composer 1383:, director 1312:declared, 1007:Orson Bean 895:speech by 859:Paul Buhle 795:Elia Kazan 622:pseudonyms 581:complaint. 492:hearings, 472:rights to 442:Danny Kaye 419:Red-baiter 411:Jane Wyman 348:Joe Stalin 314:Republican 291:neofascist 168:Background 7461:Spartacus 6737:Photoplay 4373:"Goodbye" 3653:Citations 3443:, actress 3375:Art Smith 3365:, actress 3347:, actress 3329:, actress 3281:, actress 3239:, actress 3144:, actress 3132:, actress 2952:, actress 2892:, actress 2890:Lee Grant 2820:, actress 2748:, actress 2742:, actress 2682:, actress 2607:, actress 2547:, actress 2466:, actress 2412:, actress 2358:, actress 2352:, actress 2328:, actress 2274:, actress 2232:, actress 2214:, actress 2194:Ben Myers 2184:, actress 2182:Meg Mundy 2178:, actress 2176:Jean Muir 2128:Paul Mann 2124:, actress 2107:Avon Long 2079:, actress 2072:ecdysiast 2028:, actress 2016:, actress 1978:Sam Jaffe 1972:Burl Ives 1956:, actress 1926:, actress 1918:Nat Hiken 1882:Uta Hagen 1822:Will Geer 1794:, actress 1704:, actress 1605:, actress 1279:Spartacus 1270:Spartacus 1152:Will Geer 1142:, writer 1100:High Noon 724:Communist 716:Jean Muir 628:Photoplay 617:Crossfire 238:Jean Muir 213:communism 156:Spartacus 75:musicians 71:directors 59:Hollywood 51:blacklist 7904:Archived 7882:NewsHour 7869:Archived 7824:Archived 7754:Jump Cut 7539:Archived 7521:Archived 7436:Archived 7234:Archived 7171:Gershwin 7086:Archived 6744:Archived 6658:Archived 6589:Archived 6278:Archived 6119:Archived 5701:Archived 5576:Archived 5086:Archived 5020:Archived 4865:Archived 4836:Archived 4749:Archived 4746:wsws.org 4584:Archived 4502:Archived 4394:Archived 4377:Archived 4257:Archived 4157:Archived 4006:Archived 3973:Archived 3945:Archived 3914:Archived 3887:Archived 3771:Archived 3518:See also 3461:, writer 3401:, writer 3395:, writer 3172:Leo Penn 3114:, writer 3028:Will Lee 3016:Hy Kraft 2866:Lee Gold 2826:, writer 2760:, writer 2740:Ruby Dee 2589:, artist 2268:, writer 2238:, writer 2064:, writer 1950:, writer 1914:, intern 1890:, writer 1860:, writer 1728:, writer 1698:, writer 1686:, writer 1638:, writer 1567:, writer 975:The Robe 918:'s anti- 893:Loyalist 766:graylist 605:Cornered 576:(1976): 55:Cold War 8072:Related 8013:Support 7125:Reading 5502:(2008). 3455:, actor 3377:, actor 3341:, actor 3335:, actor 3299:, actor 3227:, actor 3174:, actor 3168:, actor 3126:, actor 3102:, actor 3084:, actor 3060:, actor 3054:, actor 3012:, actor 3000:, actor 2994:, actor 2982:, actor 2958:, actor 2766:, actor 2736:, actor 2688:, actor 2619:, actor 2595:, actor 2571:, actor 2529:, actor 2499:, actor 2478:, actor 2472:, actor 2436:, actor 2424:, actor 2382:, actor 2376:, actor 2364:, actor 2250:, actor 2166:, actor 2154:, actor 2142:, actor 2091:, actor 2083:Ray Lev 2046:, actor 2004:, actor 1992:, actor 1986:, actor 1980:, actor 1968:, actor 1848:, actor 1824:, actor 1818:, actor 1800:, actor 1788:, actor 1770:, actor 1740:, actor 1734:, actor 1710:, actor 1680:, actor 1674:, actor 1662:, actor 1650:, actor 1546:, actor 1042:Variety 699:. This 275:Variety 258:Variety 163:History 8064:(2015) 8061:Trumbo 8053:Trumbo 7952:People 7803: 7788: 7779:online 7767: 7758:online 7746: 7740:online 7728: 7722:online 7710: 7704:online 7698:, and 7690:, ed. 7671:online 7659: 7643:online 7619: 7598: 7584: 7570: 7556: 7536:online 7518:online 7499: 7485: 7471: 7453: 7433:online 7425: 7411: 7391: 7377: 7363: 7349: 7335: 7321: 7307: 7293: 7279: 7265: 7251: 7231:online 7219: 7205: 7191: 7177: 7163: 7149: 7135: 7117: 7103: 7083:online 7071: 7057: 7043: 7029: 7015: 7001: 6987: 6973: 6959: 6945: 6931: 6917: 6903: 6889: 6875: 6867:", in 6857: 6843: 6829: 6815: 6801: 6786: 6773:online 6761: 6741:online 6728: 6707: 6693: 6679: 6671:", in 6655:online 6249: 6125:May 7, 6044: 5000:9 July 4972: 4529: 4249: 4217:H10818 4187: 4149: 4061:(ed). 4045: 3735: 3702: 3674: 2406:, poet 1287:Exodus 1255:Exodus 1250:Exodus 1186:Rififi 1028:, and 922:works 905:Reason 683:former 652:Mutual 614:; and 322:Senate 207:, the 146:Exodus 63:Actors 8029:Films 7514:Times 5500:Times 4911:69–71 2134:Margo 1179:with 318:House 57:, in 7801:ISBN 7786:ISBN 7775:Time 7765:ISBN 7744:ISBN 7726:ISBN 7708:ISBN 7657:ISBN 7617:ISBN 7596:ISBN 7582:ISBN 7568:ISBN 7554:ISBN 7497:ISBN 7483:ISBN 7469:ISBN 7451:ISBN 7423:ISBN 7409:ISBN 7389:ISBN 7375:ISBN 7361:ISBN 7347:ISBN 7333:ISBN 7319:ISBN 7305:ISBN 7291:ISBN 7277:ISBN 7263:ISBN 7249:ISBN 7217:ISBN 7203:ISBN 7189:ISBN 7175:ISBN 7161:ISBN 7147:ISBN 7133:ISBN 7115:ISBN 7101:ISBN 7069:ISBN 7055:ISBN 7041:ISBN 7027:ISBN 7013:ISBN 6999:ISBN 6985:ISBN 6971:ISBN 6957:ISBN 6943:ISBN 6929:ISBN 6915:ISBN 6901:ISBN 6887:ISBN 6873:ISBN 6855:ISBN 6841:ISBN 6827:ISBN 6813:ISBN 6799:ISBN 6784:ISBN 6759:ISBN 6726:ISBN 6705:ISBN 6691:ISBN 6677:ISBN 6247:ISBN 6127:2023 6042:ISBN 5002:2014 4970:ISBN 4873:2012 4527:ISBN 4265:2015 4247:ISBN 4185:ISBN 4147:ISBN 4043:ISBN 3953:2012 3922:2018 3895:2012 3733:ISBN 3700:ISBN 3672:ISBN 1575:list 1458:and 1331:and 1169:and 1150:and 928:and 440:and 401:and 320:and 232:and 191:The 45:The 7846:in 7742:). 7724:). 7706:). 7637:), 6243:218 3729:258 710:CBS 658:: " 656:ABC 384:THR 8101:: 7781:). 7760:). 7694:, 7676:). 7648:). 7545:). 7527:). 7442:). 7240:). 7092:). 6775:). 6750:). 6664:). 6479:. 6368:^ 6302:^ 6276:. 6272:. 6255:. 6245:. 6216:^ 6070:^ 6056:^ 5918:^ 5897:^ 5885:^ 5862:^ 5850:^ 5827:^ 5806:^ 5699:. 5695:. 5647:^ 5635:^ 5612:^ 5600:^ 5574:. 5570:. 5507:^ 5393:^ 5379:^ 5358:^ 5306:^ 5294:^ 5192:^ 5126:^ 5018:. 4949:12 4863:. 4859:. 4786:^ 4719:^ 4608:^ 4578:. 4556:^ 4508:, 4469:^ 4457:^ 4436:^ 4255:. 4213:, 4193:. 4155:. 4141:. 4092:^ 3943:. 3939:. 3885:. 3881:. 3869:^ 3803:^ 3777:, 3754:, 3731:. 3686:^ 1509:) 1090:. 1056:, 1024:, 1020:, 1016:, 962:' 782:. 608:; 602:; 488:. 436:, 432:, 374:, 370:, 362:, 358:, 354:, 228:, 224:, 220:, 188:. 73:, 69:, 65:, 7937:e 7930:t 7923:v 7862:) 7809:. 6790:. 6732:. 6598:. 6483:. 6287:. 6129:. 5710:. 5585:. 5556:. 5029:. 5004:. 4978:. 4951:. 4913:. 4875:. 4845:. 4818:. 4593:. 4533:. 4403:. 4386:. 4267:. 4166:. 4124:. 3982:. 3955:. 3924:. 3897:. 3741:. 3708:. 3680:. 3625:. 97:. 34:. 20:)

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