309:. The propellant in U.S. 3.25-inch and 5-inch rocket motors consisted of a single large X-shaped cross-section, "cruciform" Ballistite grain cavity. This went against the common practice of filling rocket motors with different numbers of smaller same-sized tubular charges with a round cavity, the number depending on motor diameter. The central hole in a tubular charge makes it more difficult to extrude, requiring a softer propellant blend that also yields somewhat lower performance. Rocket ∆V increased from 216 m/s (710 ft/s) for the 5-inch AR to 420 m/s (1,400 ft/s) for HVAR, giving the coveted flatter trajectory.
861:, it was heavier than the base rocket at about 215lb. The target rocket used a Mk.6 head with inert lead ballast and was fitted with four Mark 21 (aluminum construction) or 33 (steel) tracking flares, 10 inches long by 1 inch wide and carrying 100 grams of pyrotechnic mixture, to provide a strong IR signature for the Sidewinder to lock onto. Carried paired with AIM-9s on AERO-3B launchers, a pilot would fire the rocket, then switch to his Sidewinder, wait for it to acquire the tracking flares, and fire. Target rockets were phased out by the USN in the mid-1960s in favor of towed or drone targets, while the
842:
318:
269:(FFAR), which had a 5-inch (127 mm) diameter warhead but an underpowered 3.25-inch (83 mm) diameter rocket motor. The desire for improved accuracy from the flatter trajectory of a faster rocket spurred the rapid development. HVAR had a constant 5-inch diameter for both warhead and rocket motor, increasing propellant from 8.5 to 23.9 pounds (3.9 to 10.8 kg) of
646:
386:
HVAR could penetrate 4 ft (1.2 m) of reinforced concrete and was used to sink transports, knock out pillboxes and AA gun emplacements, blow up ammo and oil-storage dumps, and destroy tanks, locomotives, and bunkers. Navy F4U Corsairs and TBF/TBM Avengers made the most extensive use of the
49:
411:
HVAR was an effective weapon in the hands of skilled, experienced pilots. It was less effective in the hands of average or inexperienced pilots who were accustomed to taking less careful aim and then "walking in" their gunfire to finally engage a target. HVARs could be fired in pairs or a single
494:
shells, with the Mk.6 head being a modification of AA Common shells and the Mk.2 being derived from
Special Common rounds. Later heads were purpose-built. The Mark 6 HE head came in two variations, Mod 0 and Mod 1. Mod 1 had a deep nose cavity to fit the M403 VT fuze and thus carried 0.5lb less
464:. Jets gave the fighter pilots improved forward visibility. F-84E Thunderjets proved to be the most capable load-lifting fighter/bombers in Korea, demonstrating an ability to loft up to 24 HVARs and 2 Tiny Tims with a combined rocket weight of 5,800 pounds (2,600 kg).
391:
after the victory in Europe. Over a million HVARs were made during World War II, and production continued until 1955. HVARs remained in the Navy's inventory until the mid-1960s. After World War II, newer versions included a new general purpose type with a
649:
A cutaway drawing of the M403 VT fuze used on the Mk 6 Mod 4 head. For security reasons, the actual radar components are not shown, with the space being left empty and vaguely captioned "Volume occupied by electrical
412:
rapid-fire salvo but required accurate initial alignment and careful attention to range, or at least a good instinctive sense for the range to the target. HVARs were widely used in the
424:
11.75-inch (29.8 cm) rockets. Targets included ships, bunkers, pillboxes, coastal defense guns, ammunition dumps, and occasionally even destroyers and major bridges. Numerous
1368:
1378:
1373:
917:
1220:
1072:
970:
1248:
878:
1187:
479:
engines from wooden frames, accelerating the carbon disulfide fuel ramjets to flight speed. On June 13, the ramjets achieved supersonic speed.
1263:
1243:
388:
266:
928:
NAVORD OP 2210 gives these figures as inches rather than feet, this is believed erroneous as multiple other sources contradict this
1041:
1347:
1213:
1316:
449:
448:
were among the
Panther pilots. It was in Korea that HVARs and Tiny Tims bridged the gap between prop planes and jets:
425:
376:
1331:
1288:
972:
EATON CANYON, A History of Rocket Motor
Research and Development in the Caltech-NDRC-Navy Rocket Program, 1941-1946
613:
1321:
1301:
948:
National Air & Space Museum HVAR exhibit and specifications display, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C.
1206:
461:
352:
472:
453:
440:, while both planes could carry an additional pair of 500 lb (230 kg) bombs, napalm, or fuel tanks.
482:
HVAR rockets were used in the 1970s, the Mk.32 HEAT round being used by Air Force A-1E Skyraiders in
Vietnam.
995:"Flying Stovepipe Developed by APL in 1945", The News, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory.
372:
282:
979:
1235:
617:
368:
82:
59:
1273:
978:. 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, Cleveland, Ohio. AIAA. Archived from
417:
380:
28:
1142:
491:
437:
277:
of over 200 seconds (2.0 km/s), compared with about 180 seconds (1.8 km/s) for the
British
1191:
48:
1128:
1100:
468:
457:
433:
364:
360:
1326:
1161:
356:
420:
often carried a dozen HVARs, and sometimes an additional pair of much larger but less accurate
1278:
1066:
421:
298:
294:
849:
Some surviving HVAR rockets were converted to training targets for pilots to practice firing
170:
52 inches (132 cm) long x 5 inches (12.7 cm) diameter solid propellant rocket motor
1198:
850:
583:
397:
337:
with base and optionally nose fuses; or Mk. 2 AP warheads with 2.2 pounds (1.00 kg) of
302:
274:
1029:
285:
was the principal U.S. supplier of high performance extruded
Ballistite propellants: 51.5%
527:
355:
to support the break-out at
Normandy. Other single-engine delivery aircraft included the
234:
441:
393:
333:. The warheads were Mk 4 general purpose warheads holding 7.6 pounds (3.4 kg) of
290:
286:
841:
317:
1362:
1048:
883:
401:
147:
1311:
888:
854:
405:
330:
306:
262:
242:
238:
17:
1306:
1258:
1253:
563:
429:
338:
241:
to attack targets on the ground from aircraft. It saw extensive use during both
642:
A head assembled with a motor is known by a separate designation listed below.
1088:
445:
413:
270:
246:
178:
1114:
408:
rocket was an oversized shaped-charge head on a standard HVAR motor as well.
645:
348:, 6 June 1944, and air-lifted Navy HVAR rockets were soon being loaded on
1012:
436:
jets flew close air support in Korea. Panthers carried 6 HVARs and four
349:
1296:
1190:. National Museum of the US Air Force. 11 February 2011. Archived from
858:
278:
258:
916:
Estimated, as 90mm of armor at 70 degrees is 263mm effective per the
603:
476:
191:
1,375 feet per second (419 m/s) plus speed of launching aircraft
840:
644:
345:
316:
866:
862:
322:
1202:
371:. Twin-engine aircraft sometimes armed with HVARs included the
334:
143:
432:
plus six HVARs and 2 bombs or ten HVARs) and carrier-based
186:
1101:"OP 2309 ( 2nd Revision) Sidewinder Guided Missile Mark 2"
1030:
https://archive.org/details/OP2210AircraftRocketspartial
853:
infrared-guided missiles. Known as the TDU-11/B to the
907:
Penetration is only given as an estimate of 2-3 inches
1143:"RAAF Weapons Delivery Manual Mirage IIIO & IIID"
329:
Two different versions of the HVAR were built during
1340:
1287:
1234:
207:
195:
185:
174:
166:
153:
138:
130:
122:
114:
106:
101:
93:
88:
78:
73:
65:
55:
39:
969:E.W. Price; C.L. Horine; C.W. Snyder (July 1998).
475:. The HVAR rockets launched 6-inch (150 mm)
400:smoke rounds, an anti-submarine head, and a new
1166:Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles
1129:"LTV A-7K Weapon Delivery Manual( Non Nuclear)"
1214:
273:. U.S. Ballistite propellant had a sea level
8:
1089:https://archive.org/details/OP12395InchHVAR
281:, German WASAG and Soviet PTP propellants.
27:"HVAR" redirects here. For other uses, see
1369:Air-to-ground rockets of the United States
1221:
1207:
1199:
47:
36:
1379:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1944
1374:World War II weapons of the United States
1229:World War II rockets of the United States
467:In April 1945, HVAR rockets were used in
806:
760:
653:
497:
490:Initial WW2 HVAR warheads were modified
1084:
1082:
941:
900:
879:3.5-Inch Forward Firing Aircraft Rocket
857:and Target Rocket Mark 26 Mod 0 to the
1071:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1064:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
957:
257:The HVAR was designed by engineers at
267:5-Inch Forward Firing Aircraft Rocket
7:
404:warhead for use against tanks. The
215:Ground attack or multirole aircraft
25:
869:used the device into the 1980s
430:.50 cal (12.7 mm) machine guns
41:High Velocity Aircraft Rocket
1:
1162:"Air-Launched 5-Inch Rockets"
1145:– via Internet Archive.
1131:– via Internet Archive.
344:HVAR testing was complete by
229:, also known by the nickname
223:High Velocity Aircraft Rocket
450:Lockheed F-80C Shooting Star
426:North American F-51D Mustang
142:7.5 pounds (3.4 kg) of
134:15.625 inches (39.7 cm)
377:North American PBJ Mitchell
353:Republic P-47D Thunderbolts
1395:
471:in the Navy's facility on
157:45.5 pounds (20.6 kg)
26:
1168:. designation-systems.net
918:Relative Armor Calculator
462:North American F-86 Sabre
454:Republic F-84E Thunderjet
265:as an improvement on the
161:
66:Place of origin
46:
1160:Parsch, Andreas (2006).
1115:"OP 2309 ( 3rd) AIM 9 B"
473:Island Beach, New Jersey
418:Douglas AD-1 Skyraiders
373:Lockheed P-38 Lightning
365:Grumman TBF/TBM Avenger
283:Hercules Powder Company
118:68 inches (173 cm)
110:134 pounds (61 kg)
1332:7.2" Demolition Rocket
846:
845:TDU-11/B target rocket
813:Concrete Penetration,
767:Armor Penetration 0°,
651:
369:Curtiss SB2C Helldiver
326:
253:Design and development
126:5 inches (127 mm)
83:United States military
844:
648:
406:6.5-inch (170 mm) RAM
381:Lockheed PV-2 Harpoon
320:
60:Air-to-surface rocket
34:Air-to-surface rocket
29:Hvar (disambiguation)
428:"Six-Shooters" (six
469:Operation Bumblebee
458:Grumman F9F Panther
434:Grumman F9F Panther
361:Grumman F6F Hellcat
325:E launching rockets
313:Operational service
154:Warhead weight
18:Holy Moses (rocket)
1289:Surface-to-surface
847:
652:
513:Filler weight, lb
357:Vought F4U Corsair
327:
233:, was an American
89:Production history
1356:
1355:
1317:4.5" Old Faithful
834:
833:
805:
804:
754:
753:
635:
634:
582:PWP (plasticised
492:5"/38 caliber gun
299:potassium sulfate
295:diethyl phthalate
237:developed during
219:
218:
16:(Redirected from
1386:
1274:7.2" Retrorocket
1223:
1216:
1209:
1200:
1195:
1194:on 3 April 2010.
1176:
1174:
1173:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1091:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1047:. Archived from
1046:
1038:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1017:bulletpicker.com
1009:
996:
993:
987:
986:
984:
977:
966:
960:
955:
949:
946:
929:
926:
920:
914:
908:
905:
851:AIM-9 Sidewinder
810:Ammunition Type
807:
764:Ammunition Type
761:
654:
584:white phosphorus
498:
495:explosive fill.
398:white phosphorus
303:ethyl centralite
275:specific impulse
188:
51:
42:
37:
21:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1336:
1283:
1279:11.75" Tiny Tim
1230:
1227:
1186:
1183:
1171:
1169:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1042:"Archived copy"
1040:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1024:
1011:
1010:
999:
994:
990:
982:
975:
968:
967:
963:
956:
952:
947:
943:
938:
933:
932:
927:
923:
915:
911:
906:
902:
897:
875:
839:
759:
660:Complete Round
640:
488:
389:Pacific theater
387:rockets in the
379:bomber and the
350:Ninth Air Force
315:
255:
235:unguided rocket
212:
210:
200:
198:
162:
74:Service history
40:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1392:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1327:7.2" Mousetrap
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1236:Air-to-surface
1232:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1182:
1181:External links
1179:
1178:
1177:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1134:
1120:
1106:
1092:
1078:
1033:
1022:
997:
988:
985:on 2010-06-11.
961:
950:
940:
939:
937:
934:
931:
930:
921:
909:
899:
898:
896:
893:
892:
891:
886:
881:
874:
871:
838:
835:
832:
831:
828:
825:
824:GP Mk 6 Mod 0
821:
820:
817:
811:
803:
802:
799:
796:
792:
791:
789:
786:
782:
781:
779:
776:
775:GP Mk 6 Mod 0
772:
771:
768:
765:
758:
755:
752:
751:
748:
745:
742:
738:
737:
734:
731:
728:
724:
723:
720:
717:
714:
710:
709:
706:
703:
700:
696:
695:
692:
689:
686:
682:
681:
678:
675:
672:
668:
667:
664:
661:
658:
639:
636:
633:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
610:
609:
606:
601:
598:
595:
591:
590:
587:
580:
577:
574:
570:
569:
566:
561:
558:
555:
551:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
534:
533:
530:
525:
522:
519:
515:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
487:
484:
442:Neil Armstrong
394:proximity fuse
314:
311:
291:nitroglycerine
287:nitrocellulose
254:
251:
217:
216:
213:
208:
205:
204:
201:
196:
193:
192:
189:
187:Maximum speed
183:
182:
176:
172:
171:
168:
164:
163:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
102:Specifications
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1391:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1297:2.36" Bazooka
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1188:"5-inch HVAR"
1185:
1184:
1180:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1054:on 2017-02-17
1050:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
981:
974:
973:
965:
962:
959:
954:
951:
945:
942:
935:
925:
922:
919:
913:
910:
904:
901:
894:
890:
887:
885:
884:BOAR (rocket)
882:
880:
877:
876:
872:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
843:
837:Target Rocket
836:
829:
826:
823:
822:
818:
816:
812:
809:
808:
800:
797:
794:
793:
790:
787:
784:
783:
780:
777:
774:
773:
769:
766:
763:
762:
756:
749:
746:
743:
740:
739:
735:
732:
729:
726:
725:
721:
718:
715:
712:
711:
707:
704:
701:
698:
697:
693:
690:
687:
684:
683:
679:
676:
673:
670:
669:
665:
662:
659:
656:
655:
647:
643:
637:
630:
627:
624:
621:
619:
615:
612:
611:
607:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
592:
588:
585:
581:
578:
575:
572:
571:
567:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
552:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
535:
531:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
516:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
499:
496:
493:
485:
483:
480:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
409:
407:
403:
402:shaped-charge
399:
395:
390:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
324:
319:
312:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
252:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
214:
206:
202:
194:
190:
184:
180:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
156:
152:
149:
148:Composition B
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
100:
96:
92:
87:
84:
81:
77:
72:
69:United States
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
50:
45:
38:
30:
19:
1268:
1192:the original
1170:. Retrieved
1165:
1154:Bibliography
1137:
1123:
1109:
1095:
1056:. Retrieved
1049:the original
1036:
1025:
1016:
991:
980:the original
971:
964:
953:
944:
924:
912:
903:
855:US Air Force
848:
814:
688:Mk 28 Mod 5
674:Mk 28 Mod 4
641:
628:Explosive D
489:
481:
466:
438:20mm cannons
410:
385:
343:
331:World War II
328:
307:carbon black
263:World War II
256:
243:World War II
239:World War II
230:
226:
222:
220:
79:Used by
958:Parsch 2006
795:HEAT Mk 25
757:Performance
685:Mk 6 Mod 4
671:Mk 6 Mod 1
564:Explosive D
540:Mk 6 Mod 4
521:Mk 6 Mod 1
339:Explosive D
305:, and 0.2%
1363:Categories
1244:2.25" SCAR
1172:2011-01-08
1058:2018-05-07
936:References
747:Smoke-PWP
638:Ammunition
573:Smoke-PWP
446:John Glenn
414:Korean War
271:Ballistite
247:Korean War
231:Holy Moses
181:, extruded
179:Ballistite
175:Propellant
1302:3.5" GPSR
1249:3.5" FFAR
1013:"Library"
750:140.71lb
736:138.47lb
722:138.43lb
694:138.49lb
680:138.49lb
97:1944-1955
1348:3.25" M2
1341:Training
1312:4.5" M16
1259:4.5" T22
1067:cite web
889:XASM-N-6
873:See also
827:1,143mm
788:51-76mm
785:AP Mk 2
486:Warheads
422:Tiny Tim
383:bomber.
297:, 1.25%
293:, 3.25%
245:and the
211:platform
197:Guidance
131:Wingspan
123:Diameter
94:Produced
1322:5" HVSR
1307:4.5" M8
1269:5" HVAR
1264:5" FFAR
1254:4.5" M8
859:US Navy
719:AP/ASW
708:140.47
666:Weight
510:Filler
507:Weight
279:Cordite
261:during
259:Caltech
139:Warhead
830:838mm
798:263mm
744:Mk 36
730:Mk 35
716:Mk 34
713:Mk 29
702:Mk 32
699:Mk 25
650:gear."
625:48.56
622:Mk 29
608:15.33
604:Comp B
600:47.85
597:Mk 25
589:19.36
579:48.09
543:45.04
524:45.87
504:Model
477:ramjet
460:, and
367:, and
289:, 43%
209:Launch
199:system
167:Engine
115:Length
1052:(PDF)
1045:(PDF)
983:(PDF)
976:(PDF)
895:Notes
801:90mm
778:25mm
741:Mk 4
727:Mk 2
705:HEAT
663:Type
657:Head
631:3.03
594:HEAT
576:Mk 4
560:48.3
557:Mk 2
501:Type
346:D-Day
301:, 1%
225:, or
1073:link
867:RAAF
865:and
863:USAF
819:30°
770:70°
568:2.2
549:7.1
546:TNT
532:7.6
444:and
323:F-84
227:HVAR
221:The
203:None
107:Mass
56:Type
815:0°
733:AP
691:VT
677:GP
618:ASW
554:AP
537:HE
528:TNT
518:HE
335:TNT
321:An
146:or
144:TNT
1365::
1164:.
1081:^
1069:}}
1065:{{
1015:.
1000:^
614:AP
586:)
456:,
452:,
416:.
396:,
375:,
363:,
359:,
341:.
249:.
1222:e
1215:t
1208:v
1175:.
1117:.
1103:.
1075:)
1061:.
1019:.
616:/
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
