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24:
33:
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Schlumpf M, Schmid P, Durrer S, Conscience M, Maerkel K, Henseler M, Gruetter M, Herzog I, Reolon S, Ceccatelli R, Faass O, Stutz E, Jarry H, Wuttke W, Lichtensteiger W (2004). "Endocrine activity and developmental toxicity of cosmetic UV filters--an update".
668:
724:
710:
883:
Gomez E, Pillon A, Fenet H, Rosain D, Duchesne MJ, Nicolas JC, Balaguer P, Casellas C (2005). "Estrogenic activity of cosmetic components in reporter cell lines: parabens, UV screens, and musks".
435:
522:) of the face (25% of applied dose) versus back of volunteers. This amounted to approximately two to three times the amount of sunscreen that was present in the superficial
980:"Interaction of polycyclic musks and UV filters with the estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR), and progesterone receptor (PR) in reporter gene bioassays"
738:
Rougier A, Dupuis D, Lotte C, Roguet R, Wester RC, Maibach HI (1986). "Regional variation in percutaneous absorption in man: measurement by the stripping method".
511:
The Court of
Justice of the European Union (CJEU) decision applies to two formerly approved ingredients used exclusively in sunscreens — UV filter homosalate and
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290:
508:
Symrise lost the appeal against a
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) decision that requires the German manufacturer to test sunscreen ingredients on animals.
1143:
1508:
596:
1357:
568:
evidence of toxicity, endocrine disfunction or adverse effects; and none of these adverse events have ever been reported to occur in humans.
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599:
has declared there is no sufficient evidence that identifies pure homosalate as an endocrine disruptor in humans and further declared that
466:
103:
1074:
255:
591:
rats receiving up to 892 mg/kg of body weight of homosalate in their daily diet found no estrogenic effects in vivo. Research on
485:. Contained in 45% of U.S. sunscreens, it is used as a chemical UV filter. The salicylic acid portion of the molecule absorbs
442:
1518:
1095:
1067:
198:
1523:
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219:
1513:
612:
1350:
664:
844:"UV Filters with Antagonistic Action at Androgen Receptors in the MDA-kb2 Cell Transcriptional-Activation Assay"
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1317:
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595:
also found no estrogenic effects after being continuously exposed to homosalate for 96 hours straight. The
141:
1199:
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576:
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1412:
45:
518:
Similar to other UV filter compounds, more homosalate is absorbed into the uppermost stratum corneum (
1487:
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1407:
1397:
1343:
1224:
1153:
944:
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526:
layers of the face compared with the back. There was no homosalate detected in the urine samples or
264:
InChI=1S/C16H22O3/c1-11-8-12(10-16(2,3)9-11)19-15(18)13-6-4-5-7-14(13)17/h4-7,11-12,17H,8-10H2,1-3H3
1184:
1174:
274:
InChI=1/C16H22O3/c1-11-8-12(10-16(2,3)9-11)19-15(18)13-6-4-5-7-14(13)17/h4-7,11-12,17H,8-10H2,1-3H3
236:
69:
1045:
916:
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rays with a wavelength from 295 nm to 315 nm, protecting the skin from sun damage. The
1021:"Current problems in the use of organic UV filters to protect skin from excessive sun exposure"
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trimethyl cyclohexyl group provides greasiness that prevents it from dissolving in water.
123:
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948:
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783:"Influence of anatomical site and topical formulation on skin penetration of sunscreens"
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who claimed that the ingredient used in sunscreen did not require animal testing.
541:, as well as having estrogenic activity toward estrogen receptors α, and general
187:
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1265:
1108:
636:
580:
490:
486:
401:
978:
Schreurs RH, Sonneveld E, Jansen JH, Seinen W, van der Burg B (February 2005).
579:
of homosalate at dose levels up to 1000mg/kg of body weight to juvenile female
559:. Some work has shown that organic UV filters in general can present concerns.
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1133:
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Homosalate was identified in a court case brought by German chemical company
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979:
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estrogenic activity. Homosalate has been shown to be an antagonist toward
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555:
550:
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1427:
1382:
1325:
751:
564:
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over three consecutive days revealed no estrogenic potential in the
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
162:
102:
92:
153:
1339:
1063:
1335:
842:
Ma, R.; Cotton, B.; Lichtensteiger, W.; Schlumpf, M. (2003).
224:
1144:
Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (Uvinul A Plus)
430:
831:. Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety. June 2021.
1233:
1162:
1126:
781:Benson HA, Sarveiya V, Risk S, Roberts MS (2005).
379:181–185 °C (358–365 °F; 454–458 K)
186:
78:
1215:Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (Ensulizole)
603:research has confirmed that homosalate has no
1351:
1075:
693:"Animal tests for makeup ingredients allowed"
8:
669:Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
49:3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
1358:
1344:
1336:
1082:
1068:
1060:
530:samples of the volunteers in this study.
239:
144:
122:
15:
1039:
995:
859:
798:
206:
1195:4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (Enzacamene)
1139:Bisdisulizole disodium (Neo Heliopan AP)
656:
654:
652:
650:
624:
295:
260:
235:
1284:Bisoctrizole (Tinosorb M / Eversorb M)
1118:Chemical agents unless otherwise noted
820:
818:
406:171 °C (340 °F; 444 K)
135:
1256:Drometrizole trisiloxane (Mexoryl XL)
533:Homosalate has been identified as an
267:Key: WSSJONWNBBTCMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
7:
1200:Octyl methoxycinnamate (Octinoxate)
277:Key: WSSJONWNBBTCMG-UHFFFAOYAJ
177:
161:
1185:Ethylhexyl triazone (Uvinul T 150)
14:
587:assay. Another study on immature
1509:3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl esters
615:effects when applied topically.
420:
325:
298:O=C(OC1CC(CC(C1)(C)C)C)c2ccccc2O
31:
22:
416:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
331:
319:
1:
1205:Octyl salicylate (Octisalate)
1019:Klimova, et al. (2013).
467:Fischer–Speier esterification
1220:Polysilicone-15 (Parsol SLX)
1281:Hybrid (chemical/physical):
475:3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol
1540:
1311:
1261:Iscotrizinol (Uvasorb HEB)
1175:4-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
885:J Toxicol Environ Health A
520:ie, the stratum disjunctum
1373:
1309:
1271:Oxybenzone (Eusolex 4360)
1241:Bemotrizinol (Tinosorb S)
1104:
957:10.1016/j.tox.2004.06.043
905:10.1080/15287390590895054
665:GESTIS Substance Database
575:study involving repeated
410:
395:
306:
286:
251:
62:
54:
44:
39:
30:
21:
1210:Padimate O (Escalol 507)
1134:Avobenzone (Parsol 1789)
1468:2-Ethylhexyl salicylate
1318:Sun protective clothing
826:"OPINION on Homosalate"
577:subcutaneous injections
537:(testosterone blocker)
513:2-ethylhexyl salicylate
848:Toxicological Sciences
1463:Salicylmethylecgonine
1413:Bismuth subsalicylate
1149:Ecamsule (Mexoryl SX)
1041:10.2478/acs-2013-0014
997:10.1093/toxsci/kfi035
861:10.1093/toxsci/kfg102
477:, the latter being a
1488:Potassium salicylate
1453:Trolamine salicylate
1408:Isopropyl salicylate
1398:Magnesium salicylate
1225:Trolamine salicylate
1154:Menthyl anthranilate
1028:Acta Chimica Slovaca
787:Ther Clin Risk Manag
465:. It is made by the
1519:Sunscreening agents
1091:Sunscreening agents
949:2004Toxgy.205..113S
897:2005JTEHA..68..239G
740:Arch. Dermatol. Res
725:"CURIA - Documents"
711:"CURIA - Documents"
386:Solubility in water
349: g·mol
18:
1524:3-Hydroxypropenals
1246:Benzophenones 1–12
752:10.1007/bf00455165
443:Infobox references
359:1.05 g/cm (20 °C)
16:
1514:Salicylate esters
1496:
1495:
1483:Copper aspirinate
1478:Benzyl salicylate
1418:Sodium salicylate
1393:Methyl salicylate
1333:
1332:
1098:or other agencies
451:Chemical compound
449:
448:
220:CompTox Dashboard
104:Interactive image
1531:
1403:Ethyl salicylate
1360:
1353:
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1337:
1294:Titanium dioxide
1099:
1094:approved by the
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640:, 11th Edition,
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459:organic compound
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314:Chemical formula
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1314:Photoprotection
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1234:UVA+UVB filters
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1114:UVB: 315–290 nm
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1378:Salicylic acid
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613:photosensitive
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481:derivative of
471:salicylic acid
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1276:Sulisobenzone
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1111:A: 400–315 nm
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461:used in some
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375:Boiling point
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365:Melting point
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136:ECHA InfoCard
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25:
20:
1457:
1423:Salicylamide
1288:
1280:
1251:Dioxybenzone
1189:
1117:
1034:(1): 82–88.
1031:
1027:
1014:
987:
984:Toxicol. Sci
983:
973:
940:
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929:
888:
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878:
854:(1): 43–50.
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687:
675:
641:
635:
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600:
585:uterotrophic
572:
570:
563:
562:There is no
561:
554:
542:
538:
535:antiandrogen
532:
528:blood plasma
519:
517:
510:
507:
500:
479:hydrogenated
454:
453:
369:< -20 °C
63:Identifiers
55:Other names
1443:Ethenzamide
1367:Salicylates
1322:Sun tanning
1266:Octocrylene
1163:UVB filters
1127:UVA filters
637:Merck Index
581:Wistar rats
491:hydrophobic
487:ultraviolet
402:Flash point
307:Properties
142:100.003.874
17:Homosalate
1503:Categories
1458:Homosalate
1448:Diflunisal
1433:Benorilate
1312:See also:
1299:Zinc oxide
1190:Homosalate
937:Toxicology
680:Homosalate
632:Homosalate
619:References
609:phototoxic
593:zebra fish
589:Long-Evans
553:receptors
483:isophorone
463:sunscreens
455:Homosalate
342:Molar mass
208:V06SV4M95S
115:ChemSpider
91:3D model (
70:CAS Number
57:Homosalate
46:IUPAC name
1438:Salsalate
1388:Aloxiprin
1289:Physical:
1170:Amiloxate
605:genotoxic
391:0.4 mg/L
1473:Aluminon
1180:Cinoxate
1050:42677951
1006:15537743
965:15458796
921:41796996
913:15799449
870:12730620
809:18360561
768:24610879
697:BBC News
556:in vitro
551:estrogen
547:androgen
543:in vitro
539:in vitro
396:Hazards
80:118-56-9
1428:Salicin
1383:Aspirin
1326:Sunburn
945:Bibcode
893:Bibcode
800:1661631
760:3789805
667:of the
663:in the
661:Record
601:in vivo
573:in vivo
565:in vivo
503:Symrise
436:what is
434: (
355:Density
347:262.349
175:PubChem
1324:, and
1096:US FDA
1048:
1004:
963:
919:
911:
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797:
766:
758:
497:Safety
457:is an
431:verify
428:
291:SMILES
163:D04450
40:Names
1046:S2CID
1024:(PDF)
917:S2CID
829:(PDF)
764:S2CID
256:InChI
93:JSmol
1002:PMID
961:PMID
909:PMID
866:PMID
805:PMID
756:PMID
642:4660
597:SCCS
549:and
473:and
199:UNII
188:8362
154:KEGG
124:8059
1036:doi
992:doi
953:doi
941:205
901:doi
856:doi
795:PMC
748:doi
744:278
611:or
571:An
469:of
225:EPA
178:CID
1505::
1320:,
1316:,
1109:UV
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329:22
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426:Y
335:3
332:O
326:H
320:C
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