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1127:
Evans, D. C.; Hayashi, S.; Chiba, K.; Watabe, M.; Ryan, M. J.; Lee, Y.-N.; Currie, P. J.; Tsogtbaatar, K.; Barsbold, R. (2018). "Morphology and histology of new cranial specimens of
Pachycephalosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Nemegt Formation, Mongolia".
424:
bone. Paleontologists concluded that the specimen was an adult, despite the fact that the sutures are discernible and that it had a flat skull (a juvenile trait in many pachycephalosaurid species).
427:
In 2010, a study by Nick
Longrich and colleagues suggested that flat-headed pachycephalosaurs were just juvenile forms of dome-headed adults, a view also supported by the earlier analysis of
1835:
1348:
448:
from the Nemegt
Formation, noting a relatively linear growth in this pachycephalosaur characterized by a rounded dome. This differs from the flat skull of
1249:
Maryańska, Teresa; Chapman, Ralph E.; Weishampel, David B. (2004). "Pachycephalosauria". In
Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska Halszka (eds.).
1046:
is also noted for having an unusually broad pelvis and some have suggested that the width served to protect vital organs from harm during flank-butting.
1914:
1909:
1822:
477:
was about 1.8 m (5.9 ft) long. Unlike other definitely adult pachycephalosaurs (though similar to probable juvenile specimens referred to
1904:
1735:
1059:
1321:
1889:
1287:
1266:
1316:
1341:
126:
420:, and a large, round eye socket. The forehead is notably rough, with multiple nodules on the lateral and posterior sides of the
1106:, a new genus of pachycephalosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the upper Campanian Aguja Formation, southern Texas, USA."
865:
1919:
1894:
428:
139:
1334:
1745:
1230:(1997). "Agonistic behavior in pachycephalosaurs (Ornithischia:Dinosauria): a new look at head-butting behavior".
898:
1439:
1180:"The oldest North American pachycephalosaurid and the hidden diversity of small-bodied ornithischian dinosaurs"
614:
544:
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1166:
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416:. The specimen has large openings on the top of the skull, a distinct frontoparietal suture, low and long
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https://web.archive.org/web/20070518001124/http://www.leute.server.de/frankmuster/H/Homalocephale.htm
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mainly based on the lack of a dome and being discovered in the same locality (Nemegt) as the latter.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20061006225059/http://www.dino-nakasato.org/en/special97/Homa-e.html
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1164:
Dinosaurs: The Most
Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages
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possessed a rather rounded dome, both taxa should be regarded as separate.
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380:, juvenile specimens of the latter indicate that they were distinct.
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1257:(2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp.
408:, was described from an incomplete skull and postcranial material (
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391:
358:, about 70 million years ago. The genus was described in 1974 by
1814:
1760:
1368:
1330:
1083:"Pachycephalosauria, a new suborder of ornithischian dinosaurs"
444:
David C. Evans and team in 2018 reported juvenile specimens of
497:. Nonetheless, the surface of the skull was fairly thickened.
431:
and
Goodwin in 2009. Longrich and colleagues suggested that
384:
was 1.8 m (5.9 ft) long and possibly a omnivore.
1178:
Evans DC, Schott RK, Larson DW, Brown CM, Ryan MJ (2013).
1050:
also had rather long legs, indicating a fast-moving gait.
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374:
has been regarded as a synonym (and juvenile form) of
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1560:
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1102:Longrich, N.R., Sankey, J. and Tanke, D. (2010). "
1130:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
412:MPC-D 100/1201) from the Nemegt locality of the
435:is actually the juvenile or sub-adult stage of
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8:
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20:
1203:
1070:
1060:Timeline of pachycephalosaur research
7:
1081:Maryańska, T.; Osmólska, H. (1974).
366:, and consists of a single species,
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396:Skeletal diagram of the holotype
138:
127:Mongolian Natural History Museum
1280:Fantastic Facts About Dinosaurs
866:Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis
1915:Taxa named by Halszka Osmólska
1910:Taxa named by Teresa Maryańska
315:Maryanska & Osmolska, 1974
1:
1905:Fossil taxa described in 1974
1116:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.12.002
493:sported a flat, wedge-shaped
452:and given that even juvenile
1162:Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2008)
1150:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.11.029
689:Homalocephale calathocercos
309:Homalocephale calathocercos
1936:
509:Cast of the holotype skull
350:period of what is now the
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
1890:Pachycephalosaurs of Asia
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1167:Supplementary Information
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899:Sphaerotholus buchholtzae
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135:Scientific classification
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23:
1232:Contributions to Geology
1090:Palaeontologica Polonica
615:Stegoceras novomexicanum
545:Wannanosaurus yansiensis
339:, "head") is a genus of
125:Mounted holotype in the
849:Alaskacephale gangloffi
418:infratemporal fenestrae
1040:
916:Sphaerotholus goodwini
737:Foraminacephale brevis
665:Goyocephale lattimorei
510:
471:
397:
346:that lived during the
335:, "even", and κεφαλή,
1862:Paleobiology Database
1184:Nature Communications
1104:Texacephale langstoni
1028:
761:Amtocephale gobiensis
598:Hanssuesia sternbergi
581:Colepiocephale lambei
508:
467:
395:
288:H. calathocercos
1920:Ornithischian genera
1895:Maastrichtian genera
1614:Pachycephalosaurinae
1562:Pachycephalosauridae
713:Tylocephale gilmorei
559:Pachycephalosauridae
246:Pachycephalosauridae
1196:2013NatCo...4.1828E
1142:2018PPP...494..121E
1108:Cretaceous Research
809:Prenocephale prenes
519:Evans et al. (2013)
1665:Pachycephalosaurus
1530:Pachycephalosauria
1509:Pachycephalosauria
1479:Pachycephalosauria
1358:Pachycephalosauria
1228:Carpenter, Kenneth
1205:10.1038/ncomms2749
1041:
632:Stegoceras validum
530:Pachycephalosauria
511:
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341:pachycephalosaurid
233:Pachycephalosauria
1877:
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1849:Open Tree of Life
1763:Taxon identifiers
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406:H. calathocercos
368:H. calathocercos
364:Teresa Maryańska
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352:Nemegt Formation
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1253:The Dinosauria
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1801:Homalocephale
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1771:Homalocephale
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1551:Wannanosaurus
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1092:(30): 45−102.
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1048:Homalocephale
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682:
676:
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672:
671:
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659:
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539:
538:
531:
527:
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522:
520:
516:
507:
500:
498:
496:
492:
491:Homalocephale
488:
487:
482:
481:
476:
475:Homalocephale
470:
466:
459:
457:
455:
451:
450:Homalocephale
447:
442:
440:
439:
434:
433:Homalocephale
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
394:
387:
385:
383:
382:Homalocephale
379:
378:
373:
372:Homalocephale
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:
324:Homalocephale
312:
310:
301:
298:
297:Binomial name
294:
290:
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283:
280:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
261:
260:Homalocephale
254:
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136:
132:
128:
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119:
114:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
25:Homalocephale
22:
19:
1900:Nemegt fauna
1770:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1679:Prenocephale
1677:
1670:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1549:
1541:
1507:
1467:Ornithischia
1452:Ornithischia
1404:
1400:Ornithischia
1395:
1386:
1279:
1252:
1244:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1158:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1089:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1021:Paleobiology
914:
913:
897:
896:
864:
863:
847:
846:
807:
806:
790:
789:
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758:
735:
734:
711:
710:
688:
687:
686:
663:
662:
630:
629:
613:
612:
596:
595:
579:
578:
543:
542:
512:
490:
484:
478:
474:
473:
454:Prenocephale
453:
449:
446:Prenocephale
445:
443:
438:Prenocephale
436:
432:
426:
405:
402:type species
399:
381:
377:Prenocephale
375:
371:
367:
336:
332:
323:
322:
321:
308:
303:
287:
286:
259:
258:
223:
207:
201:Ornithischia
191:
178:
24:
18:
1795:Wikispecies
1700:Tylocephale
1686:Sinocephale
1672:Platytholus
1651:Goyocephale
1637:Amtocephale
1603:Texacephale
1582:Gravitholus
1238:(1): 19–25.
1136:: 121−134.
1039:herd behind
1036:Saurolophus
513:Below is a
486:Goyocephale
460:Description
1884:Categories
1734:See also:
1623:Acrotholus
1596:Stegoceras
1589:Hanssuesia
1488:see below↓
1391:Dinosauria
1066:References
495:skull roof
185:Dinosauria
1374:Kingdom:
515:cladogram
422:squamosal
388:Discovery
370:. Though
281:Species:
266:Maryanska
158:Kingdom:
152:Eukaryota
1780:Wikidata
1746:Category
1736:Timeline
1382:Chordata
1380:Phylum:
1376:Animalia
1214:23652016
1190:. 1828.
1054:See also
480:Dracorex
410:holotype
356:Mongolia
344:dinosaur
331:ὁμαλός,
270:Osmolska
239:Family:
172:Chordata
168:Phylum:
162:Animalia
148:Domain:
36:70
1854:4127650
1841:1048056
1828:4823180
1815:4530957
1786:Q134134
1192:Bibcode
1138:Bibcode
561:
532:
337:kephalē
333:homalos
306:†
285:†
252:Genus:
129:, 2002
105:↓
1286:
1265:
1261:–477.
1212:
557:
528:
429:Horner
327:(from
268:&
1867:38795
1836:IRMNG
1405:Clade
1396:Clade
1387:Clade
1086:(PDF)
1033:with
517:from
329:Greek
224:Clade
208:Clade
192:Clade
179:Clade
1823:GBIF
1465:see
1438:see
1284:ISBN
1263:ISBN
1210:PMID
1110:, .
1029:Two
483:and
400:The
362:and
274:1974
44:PreꞒ
1810:EoL
1259:464
1200:doi
1146:doi
1134:494
1112:doi
489:),
1886::
1864::
1851::
1838::
1825::
1812::
1797::
1782::
1407::
1398::
1389::
1236:32
1234:.
1208:.
1198:.
1186:.
1182:.
1144:.
1132:.
1088:.
1073:^
521:.
404:,
354:,
272:,
226::
210::
194::
181::
94:Pg
38:Ma
33:,
1546:?
1350:e
1343:t
1336:v
1290:)
1282:(
1271:.
1216:.
1202::
1194::
1188:4
1152:.
1148::
1140::
1114::
256:†
243:†
230:†
214:†
198:†
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:Ꞓ
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