Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná

1378:: "The majority of the property-holders seem to me not to support the party, but I note with disappointment that a good part of them are guided by a sentiment of vengeance, of pride, of personal interest, and they do not sincerely adhere to the principles of order, and even that they are capable of disturbing order, if not rebelling, by carrying out acts of oppression and violence that make them resemble a sort of feudal aristocracy... Not to speak of the hinterland, where authority and justice have no impact at all, small is the impact that they have in the districts near the coast as well, populated by sugar planters... Almost all the country and local magistrates of this province are men without education, without energy, without impact, subordinated and intimidated by the powerful and without means to do justice impartially. With such auxiliaries it seems impossible to improve the state of the province and even with good magistrates this is not going to be quick work..." 673:, which effected greater reforms that served as the catalyst for the 1832 coup attempt, was promulgated on 12 August 1834. The Act had unpredicted and catastrophic results. Local self-government opened new avenues of conflict between political parties. The party that dominated the provinces would gain control over the electoral and political system. Parties that lost by ballot, unwilling to be shut out, rebelled and tried to take power by force. Honório Hermeto and several other Moderates voted against the Additional Act, as they believed that its far-reaching reforms would cause far more harm than good. Honório Hermeto led the conservative Moderate dissidents to secede from the party when Feijó successfully ran for the position of sole regent in early 1835. Honório Hermeto was eager to forestall what he described as the "triumph of the same traitor who made 30 July to ignominiously tear down the Regency which had appointed him." 4492: 1228:. His policy of conciliation ended a period of rebellions, and led to the appearance of a new generation of monarchist politicians raised "in the school of tolerance, mutual respect and public interest"; which produced "the constitutional environment where the two great parties of the Monarchy would take turns without excluding each other." Fernando da Cruz Gouvêa called him an "authentic statesman". Aldo Janotti considered Paraná, alongside Vasconcelos, responsible for the maintenance of Brazilian unity and preventing its territorial dismemberment. According to Hermes Vieira, he was a "great statesman". "Of all politicians of imperial Brazil, it is without a doubt," said historian Hélio Viana, "Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná, the one who deserves to be called statesman". Ronaldo Vainfas considered him one of the greatest statesmen in Brazilian imperial history. 1237: 658: 1192:

Circles. In theory, Paraná's initiatives for judicial and electoral reform would have ensured fairer elections, since they attempted to curtail the corrupting influence of political parties on elections. In practice, however, the opposite happened; tampering by parties was merely replaced by greater interference by the cabinet. Paraná probably knew that the reform, as enacted, had the potential to do more harm than good, as it gave him unprecedented control over national politics. According to Needell, "Paraná might well have seen the cabinet and its victory as his personal vindication before the party rivals and his monarch, his political triumph after the dismissal of 1844 and the second-rank status and

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government to reassert its control over provincial police and courts. They would provide the means to deal effectively with provincial rebellions and inevitably grant the national government greater sway over the provincial governments. In turn, the party in power would gain greater ascendancy in national politics through patronage and office appointments. Fearful that their adversaries would stay in power indefinitely, the Liberals began to call for Pedro II to attain majority at a younger age. They hoped to regain their influence by doing away with the regency and dealing directly with a pliable young emperor. Towards that end, the Liberals allied themselves with the

1020: 401:, and became the most powerful politician in the country. The electoral reform he ushered in was credited with undermining national political processes and causing severe harm to the system of parliamentary government. For his role in pushing through restructuring, Paraná met with fierce opposition from the majority of his colleagues, leading to a virtual split in the Conservative Party over his policies. On 3 September 1856, while still in office and at the height of his political career, he died unexpectedly of an unknown febrile condition. He is widely regarded by historians as one of the most influential statesmen of his time. 819:

Saturnino Coutinho in Coimbra during the 1820s. However, his strained relationship with Aureliano Coutinho was not entirely the result of political rivalry between two ambitious men. Honório Hermeto nursed a sheer hatred toward him because of the role he had played both in the July 1832 coup and in the Majority movement. Honório Hermeto again pressed to have Saturnino Coutinho fired in late January, and when rebuffed yet again, said, "A boy does not have the right to mock men worn out in the service of the Nation, even if this boy is the emperor." Pedro II was offended and steadfastly refused to dismiss Saturnino Coutinho.

1129: 781:(then-Baron and later Duke of Caxias), who commanded the National Guard of São Paulo and Minas Gerais and was also married to one of Honório Hermeto's distant cousins. The remaining rebels were easily defeated, and by late August, the uprisings had been quelled. Among the rebel leaders was the former regent, Feijó, who was arrested. He died shortly afterwards in 1843. As Honório Hermeto returned from Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro, he was welcomed with celebrations and demonstrations of joy by the authorities and populace of the districts he traversed. 632:

class may be deported without having been prosecuted and convicted... Even when a citizen is an evildoer, his rights must be respected..." All the deputies but one agreed with him, and the incident was settled, with several battalions being disbanded. As an adult, Pedro II would later remember that his "style of speaking was inelegant, and he had a stutter; but it vanished when he was aroused and at all times his arguments were tight knit, and somebody wittily remarked that the marquis of Paraná, when he stuttered, stuttered arguments."

455:), at that time the capital of Minas Gerais, where he spent his childhood and adolescence. His father was widowed on 10 February 1806; on 11 January 1807 he wed Rita de Cássia Soares do Couto, the daughter of his late wife's sister. Honório Hermeto regarded Rita de Cássia as his mother and her father, colonel Nicolau Soares Couto, actually raised him. Honório Hermeto had an elder sister, Balbina, and three half-sisters and a half-brother, Nicolau Neto Carneiro Leão (later Baron of Santa Maria), from his father's second marriage. 710:, became interim regent and was elected to the office the next year. He appointed his colleagues to ministry portfolios. Honório Hermeto, who had been reelected to another term as general deputy until 1841, remained in the Chamber as the party's leader to bolster the new Reactionary cabinet. The ever-weak Moderate Party collapsed, and Feijo's Moderates allied with other groups with which they shared no common principles or ideology. During the late 1830s and early 1840s, this alliance evolved into the second Liberal Party. 1162:(former regent in the late 1830s) in the Senate, Paraná rose to respond. As he spoke, Paraná fell to the ground in pain. Days passed and his condition worsened. On 3 September 1856, at 07:15 in the morning, he died. In a fever-induced delirium, Paraná believed himself to be still delivering a speech to Olinda. His last words were, "Skepticism ... the noble senator ... fatherland ... freedom." The exact cause of Paraná's death was never established. Doctors could not agree whether the illness was a consequence of 790: 856: 765:. Under advice from the Council of State, Pedro II in May 1842 dissolved the new Chamber of Deputies, elected in the fraudulent 1840 elections, before it could be convened. Instead of attempting to get reelected, Honório Hermeto ran for a Senate seat, and being among the three candidates with the most votes, in late 1842 he was selected by the emperor as the senator representing Minas Gerais. On 2 January 1843, he took his seat next to his rival, Aureliano Coutinho, who had been elected senator for the 722:

monarch to attain majority, and assume full powers, at an earlier age. The slow process of passing a constitutional amendment ensured that the Reactionary Party would control the government at least until 1842, when Araújo Lima's term as regent would end. Facing fierce resistance from Liberals—the Chamber sessions had become embroiled in heated, often chaotic, debates—Honório Hermeto withdrew his proposal. Political and popular pressure, and even physical threats, led to the unconstitutional

261: 913: 270: 890:(Beach Party), made open preparations to revolt and retake power by force. The rebellion was limited in extent and was crushed by February 1849. Honório Hermeto was appointed president of the province, from 2 July 1849 until 8 May 1850, with the purpose of pacification by restraining acts of revenge and throwing his support behind fair trials for all rebels. He had observed the effect that ostracism, by both Pedro II and other 695: 5137: 898:

themselves for centuries over power. To them, political principles, such as those preached by the national leaders of the Party of Order, meant little or nothing. Their political ambitions focused on patronage and the annihilation of their local rivals. Honório Hermeto found himself embroiled in an ongoing power struggle between the aristocratic planters, who sought to exercise control over provincial affairs.

976:(later Viscount of Rio Branco) to assist him. Paranhos was a brilliant young man who had once been a Liberal Party member and protégé of the disgraced Aureliano Coutinho. This surprising choice was a clear signal from Honório Hermeto to his colleagues in the cabinet of his independence. On 21 November, Honório Hermeto signed a treaty of alliance with Uruguay and the rebel Argentine provinces of 758:

truncheon). For Honório Hermeto, this meant the loss of his seat as general deputy after his bid for reelection failed. The Liberal-Courtier cabinet did not survive long, however, and its ministers presented their resignations in turn. On 23 March 1841, a new cabinet was nominated that included Aureliano Coutinho from the Courtier Faction and other ministers drawn from the Reactionary Party.

5147: 440:. Named after Saint Honorata, Honório Hermeto was the son of Antônio Neto Carneiro Leão and Joana Severina Augusta de Lemos. On his father's side, he was descended from Portugal's powerful Carneiro Leão clan, which had settled in Brazil in the 17th century. Antônio Neto, however, was much less prosperous than his relatives. An impoverished military officer in 1801, he held the rank of 666:

involved. Vasconcelos mounted a challenge to Honório Hermeto's position among his constituency, and by circulating rumors that the latter had links to the uprising, undercut his reputation at home and in the Chamber of Deputies. Honório Hermeto relinquished his post on 14 May 1833 to concentrate on shoring up his position in Minas Gerais, and won another term as general deputy.

4166: 595:) as a representative for his native Minas Gerais. He was elected to a seat in the legislature for the term beginning April 1830. He became a member of the Liberal Party, which stood in opposition to Pedro I and his policies. As a general deputy, Honório Hermeto had an unobtrusive role for the first couple of years, having been overshadowed by 1051:(material developments). Pedro II's reforms aimed to promote less political partisanship, and forward infrastructure and economic development. Rather than ushering in a government led by the Conservative Party, the emperor had appointed the leading Conservative "to lead a non-partisan reform administration to realize material developments". 644:: "We need not hurt the legal order and principles: we can make fair laws ... and in the respected Constitution we have safe and legal ways of giving the nation what it wants... let us not violate it , as it is our only safeguard." He rallied the deputies to his view, and in defeating the unconstitutional proposal, the coup attempt was crushed. 1104:"had seen him, one of their own chieftains, pick a cabinet of relatively weak men, men he could dominate. They saw an explicit attack on party government and party deals, using patronage alone to secure support. They saw that the loyalty of the ministers was principally toward Paraná, the emperor, and a non-partisan approach to patronage (which 1120:, he could find it elsewhere. Throughout his life, Paraná managed to set aside past grievances when doing so could further opportune alliances. As Eusébio de Queirós said of Paraná, "like all men of strong temperament, he tends more to exaggerate his generosity towards his conquered enemies than in accommodations to conquering friends." 933:. It was particularly grating being subordinated to Paulino Soares and Eusébio de Queirós, protégés whom Honório Hermeto had advanced during the 1830s. While in Pernambuco, Honório Hermeto's actions were frequently reviewed and overturned by the cabinet, often with Eusébio de Queirós leading the criticism. 1173:

Pedro II lamented the death of Paraná, saying, "I can see no one else possessed of the energy with which the late Marquis was endowed, and joined to it uncommon talents, even if they were unpolished." His death had a profound impact on the government and the Brazilian people. He was honored with

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Formed in late 1853, the Conciliation cabinet faced the Parliament only when it gathered in May 1854. Paraná presented a bill to reform the Code of Criminal Procedure, which had already been reformed in 1841. In search of support, Paraná went as far as to aid Liberal candidates in the 1854 provincial

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After years of frustration, Honório Hermeto (or Paraná as he became known) had largely recouped the prestige he had formerly possessed among his peers. He had liquidated his uncle's domestic slave trading business and used the proceeds to become a coffee plantation owner in 1836. The land he acquired

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He was disheartened with what he saw in Pernambuco, a province far away from the imperial capital, but one of the most important in the country. Local political bosses were aligned with the Party of Order or the Liberal Party, but these were mostly nominal affiliations. Local oligarchs had vied among

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By mid-1850, Honório Hermeto was back in Rio de Janeiro. He had found the months in Pernambuco excruciating. Being named provincial president would have been considered a great achievement for a young politician, but it added no luster to the reputation of a seasoned politician and a founding member

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managed to get themselves elected to the Chamber during this period. All the blame for this disaster fell upon Honório Hermeto. He lost much of his influence within the party, even though Vasconcelos alone in the Party of Order possessed the qualifications to challenge Honório Hermeto as the party's

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On 19 July 1831, radicals and insubordinate military officers presented the Chamber of Deputies with a list of 89 Brazilians, including senators, whom they demanded be deported. Honório Hermeto gave a speech in which he said that "neither a senator nor the most humble citizen belonging to the lowest

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and desired a centralized state able to impose order. The often strongheaded Honório Hermeto, swallowing his pride, set aside his enmity toward Vasconcelos in pursuit of an alliance. Dubbed the Reactionary Party by Feijó and his allies in 1837, the conservative Moderate opposition born in late 1834

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of the 2nd Militia Cavalry Regiment, 1st Company, in Vila Rica. Antônio Neto made great efforts to provide Honório Hermeto with an education of much higher quality than would normally have been expected in a family of their limited financial means. The promotion to captain in 1819 increased Antônio

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that had taken place a year earlier, and seek a fair trial for the rebels. Blamed by his party colleagues for the years in opposition and having lost much of his influence within his own party, Paraná accepted the post, believing he could regain his place among his peers. With the nation internally

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Since his death, Paraná has been widely praised by historians and others for his political achievements, although the detrimental consequences of the electoral reform in his Conciliation cabinet were generally ignored by historians until recently. This oversight can be seen in the writings of many

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against his project, and failed. Eusébio de Queirós and Paraná carried on their power struggle during debates in the Senate, and in the end, Paraná emerged victorious. His success came at the expense of his weakened and deeply divided party. Just as serious were the consequences of the Law of the

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voted in favor of the reform out of fear, believing that, should the cabinet fall, the emperor might turn to the Liberals to form a new cabinet, resulting in reprisals and loss of offices throughout the country. On the other hand, the Liberals supported the reform as a means to further weaken the

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Due to the weakening of his political position and his own concomitant motives, Pedro I abdicated on 7 April 1831 and departed for Europe. Without a common cause in the person of the former emperor, the radical wing of the Liberal Party seceded. Honório Hermeto remained in the Liberal Party,

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On 20 May 1826, Honório Hermeto married his 17-year-old first cousin Maria Henriqueta Neto, the daughter of his father's brother João Neto Carneiro Leme. Unlike his brother, João Neto was a rich and influential man. Honório Hermeto and Maria Henriqueta had five children: Honório, Henrique (later

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Rodrigues Torres was, along with Honório Hermeto and Vasconcelos, one of the main founders of what would later become the Conservative Party. However, Vasconcelos was elected general deputy in the legislature that began in 1826, Honório in 1830 and Rodrigues Torres in 1834 (although he had been

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During his time in Pernambuco (1849–1850), Paraná had experienced first-hand how the party's principles were seen as irrelevant and ignored at local and provincial levels. A cabinet could gain the backing of local bosses for its national candidates using patronage alone. Paraná did not need the

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A year later, in January 1844, Honório Hermeto requested that Pedro II dismiss the inspector of the Rio de Janeiro customs house, Saturnino de Sousa e Oliveira Coutinho, a younger brother of Aureliano Coutinho. Honório Hermeto had been in the same university class as Aureliano Coutinho and

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Honório Hermeto saw this new majority movement as an "attempt ... equal to that of 30 July ." As he had in 1832, Honório Hermeto took up a defence based on the Constitution against this threat to the political system. In May 1840, he proposed a constitutional amendment that would allow the

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Honório Hermeto, by then a leading politician, was appointed Minister of Justice on 13 September 1832, effectively becoming the head of the cabinet. He resigned after eight months to avoid becoming entangled in the aftermath of an uprising in Minas Gerais, in which one of his relatives had been

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whose personal fealty to Pedro II was paramount. Among these was Caxias, with whom Paraná had developed a working relationship and then a close friendship. The resulting "Conciliation cabinet" owed its chief loyalties to Pedro II and Paraná, rather than to the Conservative Party. The

1036:. The ban on slave imports seems to have had no impact over Paraná's private affairs; by 1852, he had become a very wealthy man. He also married his son Honório to a niece of Rodrigues Torres, thus establishing a link between his family and the province of Rio de Janeiro's planter aristocracy. 757:

The Liberal-Courtier coalition's cabinet, formed upon Pedro II's assumption of full powers, convoked national elections for seats in the legislature convene in 1842. The voting was accompanied by so much violence and fraud that it became known as Elections of the club (or Elections of the

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The conservative Moderate opposition to Feijó had close links to coffee and sugar cane planter families and merchants in the Brazilian southeast and northeast. These groups wielded great political, social and economic influence. They began to see their interests more in alignment with men like

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The Courtier-Liberal alliance held near absolute sway over Brazilian politics for several years. By 1847, however, Pedro II had carefully removed members of the Courtier Faction from key positions. Aureliano Coutinho's influence was destroyed after the emperor implicitly banned him from

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The Reactionary Party (the former dissident conservative elements within the Moderate Party) began by passing the Interpretation of the Additional Act, which was followed by the reform of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Both laws, built upon the 1834 Additional Act, would allow the national

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The Liberals did not take their loss of power gracefully. In May and June 1842, three uprisings broke out, in the provinces of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. The rebels went so far as to arrest and hold hostage both Honório Hermeto's elderly father and uncle (who was also his

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participation in political decision making. The monarch then moved against the Liberals. From 1844 through 1848, the country saw several successive Liberal cabinets, all plagued by internal divisions. Pedro II called upon the Party of Order to form a new cabinet in September 1848.

1365:, in 1822. Others followed intermittently, such as Diogo Antônio Feijó in 1831, Honório himself in 1832, and Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcelos in 1837. In 1843, Honório not only led the cabinet, but also named the other ministers (with the Emperor's oversight), which was unprecedented. 1351:

Caxias' wife, Ana Luísa de Loreto Carneiro Viana, was the granddaughter of Brás Carneiro Leão, a powerful and extremely rich merchant in late 18th and early 19th century Brazil. Brás was a distant relation to Honório's father, although genealogists are not entirely sure how they are

603:, the dark-haired Honório Hermeto appeared an unimpressive figure at first glance. Like his father, he was headstrong, opinionated and often scathing. However, he had self-confidence and a powerful charisma, and was energetic, intelligent, perspicacious and a natural born leader. 1062:

establishment or former Liberals who had defected to the Conservatives following the Praieira revolt in the late 1840s. Two former Liberals found seats in the cabinet, including Paranhos, for whom Paraná secured a seat in the Chamber of Deputies. Other nominations went to

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Many historians praised Paraná. Maurílio de Gouveia regarded him as a statesman who revealed "himself to posterity as an example of tenacity, energy, patriotism and honor". To Heitor Lira, Paraná "was one of the pillars responsible for the political stability of

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first prime minister. Prior to this time, the emperor himself or the regents had always designated the cabinet ministers. Four years later, following Honório Hermeto's precedent, the office of prime minister would be formally instituted under the title of

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Honório Hermeto pursued a typical course open to 19th century Brazilians who became affluent through family connections and patronage: a judicial career, with expectations of entering politics. On 14 October 1826, he was named to a three-year term as

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By the early 1850s, Paraná had seen both his main foes–Aureliano Coutinho and Feijó–and their political factions fall into oblivion, while he rose to power. Eusébio de Queirós, his main rival within the Conservative Party, had attempted to rally the

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and Aureliano Coutinho, both Moderates, planned a coup d'état. Feijó would assume dictatorial powers and immediately enact the constitutional amendment, thus bypassing the Senate entirely. Honório Hermeto called on his fellow deputies to uphold the

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ensured a purge of Liberals who had been appointed to executive and judicial posts at the national, provincial and local levels, as was normal when a new party was tapped to form a government. The most radical Liberal faction in the province of

806:, preserving the authority of the state and a representative parliamentary monarchy. On 20 January 1843, Pedro II appointed Honório Hermeto to head a new cabinet. By personally selecting the cabinet members, Honório Hermeto became Brazil's 1144:

voted against the bill. Paraná succeeded because, as founder and leader of the Conservative Party, he "had enormous charisma and a broad personal clientele in the Chamber" and "could (and did) dispense power, prestige, and patronage." Some

334:. He and his party's stalwart and unconditional defence of constitutional order allowed the country to move beyond a regency plagued by factious disputes and rebellions that might easily have led to a dictatorship. Appointed president of 952:, dictator of the Argentine Confederation. An army commanded by Caxias crossed into Uruguay in September 1851. More than a year had passed since Honório Hermeto returned from Pernambuco, when he was named by Paulino Soares as special 797:

Sometime around 1843 (and certainly by 1844), the Reactionary Party was renamed to the Party of Order to distinguish itself from what the Reactionaries perceived as the "unruly" Liberals. Members of the Party of Order became known as

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The electoral reform had given Paraná unassailable dominance over the cabinet and in parliament. By September 1855, with the sole exception of the emperor, Paraná had become the most prominent figure in the empire. He was nicknamed

827:" (" Paraná did not bow down!") Pedro II asked the Liberals to form a new cabinet. For most of the next five years, Honório Hermeto and his Party of Order stood in opposition to the Liberals and the Courtier Faction. For the 769:. Having already secured two lifetime positions (councillor and senator), on 4 October 1841 Honório Hermeto received an appointment as president (governor) of the province of Rio de Janeiro, and assumed this office on 1 December. 499:(The Den), founded by Brazilian students at Coimbra with the primary goal of changing Brazil from a monarchy into a republic. His republicanism would fade with time and eventually be replaced by staunch support for monarchism. 822:

Instead of accepting the emperor's decision, Honório Hermeto offered his resignation, along with those of his colleagues. Astonished by his behavior, the emperor would say years later when recalling the incident:

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was located in the hills between Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. Although Paraná staunchly opposed the abolition of the transatlantic African slave trade, the importation of slaves was abolished in 1850 by the

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in Rio de Janeiro setting the international border between Brazil and Uruguay. The agreement required Uruguay to abandon some claims to disputed areas in exchange for Brazilian aid in the war against Argentina.

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Slaves resting on their way to farms for which they were purchased. Honório Hermeto's political party had close links to planter families and merchants for whom slavery was a key component of their operations.

330:, soon dissolved into chaos. Paraná formed a political party in 1837 that became known as the Reactionary Party, which evolved into the Party of Order in the early 1840s and in the mid-1850s into the 5221: 4886: 5037: 5226: 1112:

found it harder to accept the cabinet's aid being diverted—in an attempt to secure more support for cabinet initiatives—from themselves to Liberal candidates in provincial and general elections.

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diploma on 18 June 1825. He was also employed in a law firm for a few months. He returned to Brazil on 8 August 1825 aboard a ship with other Coimbra graduates, among them Aureliano Coutinho and

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A second crisis arose on 30 July 1832. A constitutional amendment effecting greater reforms was voted on and approved in the Chamber of Deputies, but still faced major opposition in the Senate.

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As Brazil had been pacified after the end of the last rebellion (the Praieira revolt), the country's government turned its attention to the growing tensions with its neighbor to the south, the

628:—with little effective authority—was created. This resulted in nine years of chaos, during which the country was plagued by rebellions and coup attempts initiated by unruly political factions. 5001: 1058:

to fill the new cabinet's ministry portfolios. These men were either more loyal to the emperor than to the party, too new to the Conservative Party to have formed close ties with the older

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Feijó's administration was unable to suppress the uprisings in both the north and south. By 1837, his government's credibility and support had vanished. Feijó resigned in August 1837 and

444:(third sergeant). Advancement of his career was thwarted by his character flaws. Antônio Neto was hotheaded and had a strong personality which once led to his arrest for insubordination. 894:

party leaders, had had on Vasconcelos' career. Honório Hermeto accepted the office, eager "to regain the favor of his emperor and to strengthen his position among his party colleagues."

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of his party. Instead of being at the center of power, he was put in the humiliating position of having to submit to a cabinet composed of men with less political experience, such as

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Baron of Paraná), Maria Emília, Maria Henriqueta and Pedro. The advantageous marriage allowed Honório Hermeto to become a slave owner, assume his uncle's business, which included

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father-in-law). As president, he commanded the provincial National Guard, and traveled through the province to organize a response. On 1 July, he advanced with troops towards

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and asked him to organize a new cabinet. After nearly ten years, the two men had made peace with one another. The emperor wished to advance his own ambitious program: the

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to this judicial reform was so fierce that a year later, Paraná (who had been raised from Viscount to Marquis in late 1854) backed down and implicitly withdrew the bill.

4995: 4910: 4349: 922: 511: 89: 5019: 5196: 4273: 4076: 926: 491:, he supported the constitutionalists, who advocated a national constitution to limit the powers of the Portuguese monarchy, against the absolutists, who preferred an 477: 260: 5061: 4391: 4248: 1039:

Around 1853 (certainly by 1855), the old Party of Order had become widely known as the Conservative Party. On 6 September 1853, Pedro II called Paraná to the

472:'s law school in 1820, thus ending Honório Hermeto's brief military career. He was an excellent student and struck up acquaintances among his fellow Brazilians in 4880: 4263: 1068:

cabinet thus represented a break with the Reactionary views of the old Party of Order, albeit under a party banner which still included members of the old guard.

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Honório (Honório the King) by his foes. However, he would not live long to enjoy his supremacy. At the end of August 1856, enraged by an offensive speech by

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said that "the marquis of Paraná was a politician well suited to the great State crises, and to a time of most difficult and contentious political strife."

5251: 1279: 495:. It is unknown whether he actively took part in the uprising, however, and if so, to what degree. Honório Hermeto was a member of a secret society called 4421: 4170: 4983: 4965: 4935: 4898: 4187: 1159: 961: 703: 1317: 5007: 4638: 4296: 973: 481: 5241: 5216: 4845: 4303: 4662: 570:, the imperial capital located in the province of same name. His tenure in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro helped expand his connections. Emperor 1175: 5236: 4147: 4115: 4058: 4048: 4008: 3980: 3961: 3933: 3914: 1213: 5211: 5206: 5104: 5073: 4615: 287:(11 January 1801 – 3 September 1856) was a Brazilian politician, diplomat, judge and monarchist. Paraná was born to a noble family in 5067: 5031: 4754: 4655: 4628: 4573: 4221: 5201: 5140: 4838: 5150: 4476: 4456: 625: 323: 4989: 4971: 4959: 761:

Following the return of the Reactionary Party to the government, Honório Hermeto was appointed by Pedro II to the prestigious

1040: 4548: 1220:, who also called him a statesman, labeled him a "great man" who "demarcates a decisive stretch in our Constitutional history". 518:

with Honório Hermeto and become the Viscount of Itaboraí). During Honório Hermeto's time in Europe his native country had gained

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Viana, Hélio; Teixeira Filho, Henrique Carneiro Leão; Calmon, Pedro (1957). "Centenário do falecimento do Marquês de Paraná ".

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which changed its name to Moderate Party to differentiate itself from its estranged radicals. Meanwhile, as the new emperor,

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The earliest minister in Brazilian political history since the country's independence regarded as the head of a cabinet was

4680: 4672: 544:, and later, in the 1830s, purchase a coffee farm in the province of Rio de Janeiro. Coffee was quickly becoming Brazil's 5181: 5049: 4686: 4381: 4194: 588: 343: 308: 4805: 1212:, who viewed him a statesman, summarized his character as that of a man "made not only to dominate, but also to lead." 1033: 587:

Well established in the imperial capital, Honório Hermeto campaigned in 1829 to become a general deputy (member of the

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Pedro II (left), Honório Hermeto, Marquis of Paraná (center), and other ministers of state visiting victims of

611: 5055: 5025: 4920: 4339: 1174:

a grand funeral procession attended by a huge crowd, then a rare event in Brazil. His remains were interred in the

740: 488: 398: 339: 5088: 4977: 4568: 4538: 4528: 4523: 4407: 4214: 1024: 1014: 4533: 1076: 636: 346:

the following year. Also in 1842, he was elected senator for Minas Gerais and appointed by Pedro II to the

4861: 4563: 1303: 1205: 812: 355: 58: 4769: 1375: 957: 930: 397:

In 1853, Paraná was again appointed president of the Council of Ministers, at the head of a highly successful

988:, who fled to the United Kingdom. As a reward for his role, the emperor granted Honório Hermeto the title of 4645: 4623: 4594: 937: 387: 335: 1388:

Minister of the Navy from 1832 until 1834), which made the latter younger, in politics, than the other two.

745: 4795: 4448: 977: 545: 519: 448: 383: 4322: 4650: 4633: 1019: 554: 469: 300: 4231: 4001:

O Marquês de Paraná: inícios de uma carreira política num momento crítico da história da nacionalidade

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in Portugal and having returned to Brazil, Paraná was appointed a judge in 1826 and later elevated to

43: 5176: 5171: 4759: 1096:

Almost concurrently, he presented a bill of electoral reform that was also vehemently opposed by the

949: 831:, it meant enduring "new elections, fixed results, partisan reprisals and policy shifts". Only a few 802:. The new name also reflected the maturation of principles the party had long advocated: liberalism, 559: 503: 4491: 361:

After years in opposition, in 1849, Paraná was appointed by the national government as president of

1240:

Arms of the Marquis of Paraná: the quartered arms of the Neto and Carneiro families. Its motto was

1200:

renowned writers and historians since the 19th-century cabinet. Conservative politician and writer

981: 766: 670: 507: 379: 362: 4041:

The Party of Order: the Conservatives, the State, and Slavery in the Brazilian Monarchy, 1831–1871

1027:. Emperor Pedro II in the center; Paraná at the far left; and José Paranhos on the far right. 4516: 4471: 4070: 621: 391: 327: 184: 122: 1201: 997: 789: 777:, where, after defeating the rebels, he freed his father and uncle. He joined forces there with 657: 375: 5130: 4737: 4511: 4506: 4143: 4111: 4044: 4004: 3976: 3957: 3929: 3910: 1331: 1236: 1217: 1136:

In the end, both the Senate and the Chamber passed the electoral reform—which became known as

985: 750: 584:(regional appeal judge) in 1829, an office Honório Hermeto held until his retirement in 1848. 571: 541: 492: 315: 269: 940:. Paulino Soares, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs, decided to forge alliances with 358:(prime minister) of the Council of Ministers, but resigned after a quarrel with the emperor. 17: 4869: 4430: 682:

was the genesis of what would evolve into the Party of Order (c. 1843) and finally into the

523: 204: 1000:, upon which free passage rights for Brazilian shipping was secured after Rosas' downfall. 953: 867: 850: 600: 464: 437: 366: 304: 180: 993: 480:(who would become one of his greatest allies and later the 1st Viscount of Uruguai) and 5098: 4810: 4800: 4764: 4722: 4698: 4692: 4027: 1209: 1128: 803: 718:(Courtier Faction), led by Aureliano Coutinho (Feijó's ally in the 1832 coup attempt). 567: 562:. On 25 August 1828, Honório Hermeto left São Paulo upon being promoted to the post of 200: 5165: 4746: 4716: 4093:

Teixeira Filho, Henrique Carneiro Leão (1968). "O marquês de Paraná (Fragmentos) )".

1272: 762: 580: 347: 912: 429: 296: 176: 4815: 4774: 615:

The Chamber of Deputies, the lower house in the Parliament of the Empire of Brazil

5110: 4710: 907: 592: 27:

19th-century politician, diplomat, judge, and monarchist of the Empire of Brazil

599:, the leader of the deputies representing Minas Gerais. Short, slim and with a 969: 883: 863: 774: 707: 558:(external judge) with jurisdiction over the three villages in the province of 452: 390:. The alliance triumphed, and the emperor elevated Paraná to the ranks of the 5232:

Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa

4830: 4704: 3781: 3779: 1167: 1163: 855: 677:

Honório Hermeto, who were planters like themselves—people who supported the

433: 416: 292: 1606: 1604: 1602: 694: 468:

Neto's income, allowing his eldest son to go to Portugal and enroll in the

4165: 326:

created to govern Brazil during the minority of the former emperor's son,

945: 929:(Honório Hermeto's colleague along with Rodrigues Torres in Coimbra) and 425: 288: 172: 3994:(in Portuguese) (2nd ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Biblioteca do Exército. 1255: 1081: 941: 753:

river on the frontier between Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais provinces

473: 371: 960:. On 12 October 1851, Honório Hermeto and an Uruguayan envoy signed a 859: 311:; he was re-elected in 1834 and 1838, and held the post until 1841. 4399: 3926:

Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891

1235: 1127: 1075: 992:(Viscount of Paraná) in July 1852. The title was derived from the 911: 788: 744: 693: 610: 414:

Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão was born on 11 January 1801, in the

307:

justice. In 1830, he was elected to represent Minas Gerais in the

48:

Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná, at age 55, 1856

463:

At age 16, Honório Hermeto was commissioned as a lieutenant and

4834: 4403: 4020:

História de Dom Pedro II (1825–1891): Ascenção (1825–1870)

1054:

Paraná appointed politicians who had few, or no, links to the

4034:(in Portuguese) (4th ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Nova Aguilar. 3947:(in Portuguese). Vol. 1–5. Rio de Janeiro: José Olímpio. 1170:, disease in the liver, lungs, intestines or something else. 378:

with that country, and with the rebel Argentine provinces of

1140:(Law of the Circles)—by a bare margin. The majority of the 3742: 3740: 3738: 3593: 3591: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3549: 3547: 3462: 3460: 3423: 3421: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3324: 3322: 3225: 3223: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3169: 3167: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2767: 2765: 3845: 3785: 3717: 2964: 2704: 2702: 2638: 2636: 2623: 2621: 2259: 2199: 1610: 1561: 1526: 1484: 1443: 1292:(Holy House of Mercy) in Rio de Janeiro city (1854–1856). 3975:(in Portuguese). Recife: Editora Universitária da UFPE. 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 2653: 2651: 2500: 2498: 2485: 2483: 2338: 2336: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2270: 2268: 1998: 1996: 1918: 1916: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1178:(Cemetery of Saint John the Baptist) in Rio de Janeiro. 4088:(in Portuguese). Vol. 1. Brasília: Senado Federal. 4022:(in Portuguese). Vol. 1. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia. 1495: 1493: 1456: 1454: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1108:, undercut their party and strengthened the cabinet)." 984:. On 3 February 1852, the allies defeated Rosas in the 4127:

Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro

4095:

Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro

4043:(in Portuguese). Stanford: Stanford University Press. 3956:(in Portuguese). Vol. 2. Porto Alegre: L&PM. 948:, nations which also saw a threat in the ambitions of 813:

president (prime minister) of the Council of Ministers

5222:

Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Empire of Brazil)

5227:

Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)

5087: 4868: 4788: 4745: 4736: 4671: 4614: 4607: 4582: 4556: 4547: 4499: 4437: 255: 247: 239: 210: 190: 159: 154: 138: 128: 118: 95: 83: 75: 57: 34: 4059:Rio Branco, José Maria da Silva Paranhos, Baron of 1204:called Paraná a "distinguished statesman". Writer 972:, the capital of Uruguay, on 23 October. He chose 706:(later the Marquis of Olinda), a Reactionary from 1311:Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa 4314:Paulino Soares de Sousa, 1st Viscount of Uruguai 4274:Paulino Soares de Sousa, 1st Viscount of Uruguai 4205:Cândido José de Araújo Viana, Marquis of Sapucaí 3973:O Marquês do Paraná: o traço todo do conciliador 285:Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná 1100:. Historian Jeffrey D. Needell states that the 4350:Joaquim Rodrigues Torres, Viscount of Itaboraí 4288:Manuel Alves Branco, 2nd Viscount of Caravelas 4264:Manuel Alves Branco, 2nd Viscount of Caravelas 1682: 1540: 4846: 4415: 1009:Second presidency of the Council of Ministers 793:Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão at age 42, 1843 436:(later province) of the Portuguese colony of 8: 4075:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3797: 3301: 3054: 2958: 2896: 2852: 2014: 785:First presidency of the Council of Ministers 71:6 September 1853 – 3 September 1856 4142:(in Portuguese). São Paulo: T. A. Queiroz. 4110:(in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva. 4003:(in Portuguese). Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia. 1280:Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute 1132:The Marquis of Paraná on his deathbed, 1856 916:A portrait of Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão 669:The constitutional amendment, known as the 5146: 4853: 4839: 4831: 4742: 4611: 4553: 4422: 4408: 4400: 4392:João Maurício Vanderlei, Baron of Cotejipe 4365:Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias 4176: 4065:(in Portuguese). Brasília: Senado Federal. 3907:Brazil: The Forging of a Nation, 1798–1852 3758: 226:Party of Order (c. 1843–c. 1853) 114:20 January 1843 – 2 February 1844 31: 4359:6 September 1853 – 3 September 1856 1216:regarded him an "illustrious statesman". 4297:Aureliano Coutinho, Viscount of Sepetiba 4140:A vida e época do Visconde do Rio Branco 1018: 854: 656: 5197:Conservative Party (Brazil) politicians 4386:6 September 1853 – 23 August 1856 4283:20 January 1843 – 2 February 1844 4258:20 January 1843 – 2 February 1844 4188:Pedro de Araújo Lima, Marquis of Olinda 3928:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 3909:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 3869: 3857: 3846:Viana, Teixeira Filho & Calmon 1957 3821: 3786:Viana, Teixeira Filho & Calmon 1957 3770: 3746: 3729: 3718:Viana, Teixeira Filho & Calmon 1957 3705: 3693: 3681: 3657: 3609: 3597: 3582: 3565: 3553: 3538: 3526: 3514: 3502: 3490: 3478: 3466: 3451: 3427: 3412: 3400: 3381: 3369: 3352: 3328: 3313: 3289: 3265: 3229: 3214: 3185: 3173: 3158: 3146: 3134: 3122: 3110: 3098: 3060: 3009: 2990: 2978: 2965:Viana, Teixeira Filho & Calmon 1957 2952: 2923: 2884: 2872: 2858: 2783: 2771: 2756: 2732: 2720: 2708: 2693: 2681: 2669: 2642: 2627: 2600: 2564: 2540: 2516: 2489: 2462: 2438: 2426: 2402: 2390: 2366: 2354: 2303: 2291: 2274: 2260:Viana, Teixeira Filho & Calmon 1957 2247: 2235: 2200:Viana, Teixeira Filho & Calmon 1957 2187: 2175: 2163: 2149: 2143: 2122: 2110: 2098: 2086: 2062: 2050: 2038: 1987: 1963: 1943: 1893: 1878: 1866: 1854: 1842: 1830: 1804: 1798: 1777: 1753: 1741: 1718: 1706: 1670: 1658: 1646: 1634: 1622: 1611:Viana, Teixeira Filho & Calmon 1957 1593: 1581: 1567: 1562:Viana, Teixeira Filho & Calmon 1957 1555: 1527:Viana, Teixeira Filho & Calmon 1957 1520: 1514: 1499: 1485:Viana, Teixeira Filho & Calmon 1957 1472: 1460: 1444:Viana, Teixeira Filho & Calmon 1957 1437: 1431: 1416: 1400: 1344: 1160:Pedro de Araújo Lima, Marquis of Olinda 724:declaration of Pedro II's majority 690:Party leader in the Chamber of Deputies 4356:President of the Council of Ministers 4068: 3992:Marquês do Paraná: um varão do Império 3888: 3833: 3809: 3669: 3645: 3633: 3621: 3439: 3340: 3086: 3074: 3048: 3033: 3021: 2937: 2917: 2911: 2846: 2831: 2819: 2807: 2795: 2744: 2657: 2612: 2588: 2576: 2552: 2528: 2504: 2474: 2450: 2414: 2378: 2342: 2327: 2315: 2223: 2211: 2137: 2074: 2026: 2002: 1975: 1949: 1937: 1922: 1905: 1899: 1818: 1792: 1765: 1694: 4249:President of the Council of Ministers 4199:13 September 1832 – 14 May 1833 3277: 3253: 3241: 3197: 1261:Marquis of Paraná on 2 December 1854. 274:Coat of Arms of the Marquis of Paraná 223:Reactionary Party (1837–c. 1843) 7: 4226:1 December 1841 – 2 March 1843 4222:President of Rio de Janeiro province 4133:. Rio de Janeiro: Imprensa Nacional. 4101:. Rio de Janeiro: Imprensa Nacional. 482:Aureliano de Sousa Oliveira Coutinho 4755:Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil 4309:20 January 1843 – 8 June 1843 1795:, pp. 167, 213, 218, 235, 241; 5252:People from Paracatu, Minas Gerais 4084:Sisson, Sébastien Auguste (1999). 1214:José Paranhos, Baron of Rio Branco 1089:elections. The opposition by most 578:(superior judge) in late 1828 and 25: 3971:Gouvêa, Fernando da Cruz (2009). 866:, two years after the end of the 653:Genesis of the Conservative Party 548:and was a highly lucrative crop. 5145: 5136: 5135: 4490: 4375:Manuel Felizardo de Sousa e Melo 4330:President of Pernambuco province 4164: 4086:Galeria dos brasileiros ilustres 1041:Imperial Palace in São Cristóvão 268: 259: 42: 2306:, pp. 2, 65, 75, 110, 135. 597:Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcelos 546:most important export commodity 451:, then moved to Vila Rica (now 447:Honório Hermeto first lived in 5242:Ministers of justice of Brazil 5217:Government ministers of Brazil 4334:2 July 1849 – 8 May 1850 1309:Grand Cross of the Portuguese 1072:Struggle over electoral reform 624:, was only a child of five, a 484:(later Viscount of Sepetiba). 1: 4340:José Ildefonso de Sousa Ramos 4171:Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão 4108:Dicionário do Brasil Imperial 3990:Gouveia, Maurílio de (1962). 1302:Grand Cross of the Brazilian 968:Honório Hermeto departed for 698:Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão 18:Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão 5237:University of Coimbra alumni 4780:Francisco José do Nascimento 4687:Confederation of the Equator 4039:Needell, Jeffrey D. (2006). 3945:História de D. Pedro II 3924:Barman, Roderick J. (1999). 3905:Barman, Roderick J. (1988). 3708:, pp. 184–185, 194–195. 1150:divided Conservative Party. 974:José Maria da Silva Paranhos 314:In the aftermath of emperor 5212:Finance ministers of Brazil 5207:Foreign ministers of Brazil 4304:Minister of Foreign Affairs 4215:Manuel José de Sousa França 1325:Order of the Southern Cross 1316:Grand Cross of the Russian 1313:awarded on 26 January 1856. 1124:Apogee and unexpected death 726:at age 14 on 23 July 1840. 514:(who would later found the 502:Honório Hermeto received a 5268: 1327:awarded on 10 August 1841. 1290:Santa Casa de Misericórdia 1176:Cemitério São João Batista 1012: 905: 848: 779:Luís Alves de Lima e Silva 741:Liberal rebellions of 1842 738: 735:Liberal rebellions of 1842 520:independence from Portugal 489:Liberal Revolution of 1820 220:Moderate Party (1831–1837) 5202:Prime ministers of Brazil 5120: 4862:Prime ministers of Brazil 4529:Prince Imperial of Brazil 4524:Brazilian imperial family 4488: 4388: 4379: 4371: 4361: 4354: 4346: 4336: 4327: 4319: 4311: 4301: 4293: 4285: 4278: 4270: 4260: 4246: 4238: 4228: 4219: 4211: 4201: 4192: 4184: 4179: 4106:Vainfas, Ronaldo (2002). 1363:José Bonifácio de Andrada 1330:Officer of the Brazilian 1323:Officer of the Brazilian 1306:awarded on 18 March 1851. 1015:September 6, 1853 cabinet 535:Magistrate and politician 370:pacified, he was sent to 350:. In 1843, he became the 342:headed by the opposition 278: 267: 217:Liberal Party (1830–1831) 150: 107: 64: 53: 41: 1564:, pp. 276, 292–294; 1318:Order of the White Eagle 1271:Member of the Brazilian 1206:Joaquim Manuel de Macedo 954:minister plenipotentiary 923:Joaquim Rodrigues Torres 512:Joaquim Rodrigues Torres 506:in Law in 1824, and his 59:Prime Minister of Brazil 4646:Imperial Brazilian Navy 4624:Imperial Brazilian Army 4595:Reverse parliamentarism 4138:Vieira, Hermes (1991). 4032:Um Estadista do Império 2465:, pp. 92, 93, 112. 938:Argentine Confederation 927:Paulino Soares de Sousa 840:Special missions abroad 679:slave trade with Africa 478:Paulino Soares de Sousa 388:Argentine Confederation 338:in 1841, Paraná helped 336:Rio de Janeiro Province 291:, in what was then the 5247:People from Ouro Preto 4806:Eusébio de Queirós Law 4796:Abolitionism in Brazil 4449:Independence of Brazil 4063:Efemérides brasileiras 3999:Janotti, Aldo (1990). 3943:Calmon, Pedro (1975). 1807:, pp. 15, 18, 48. 1245: 1133: 1085: 1034:Eusébio de Queirós Law 1028: 917: 870: 825:Paraná não se curvava! 794: 754: 730:Rise to power and fall 699: 662: 616: 542:domestic slave trading 487:During the Portuguese 299:. After attending the 5187:Brazilian monarchists 4634:Fatherland Volunteers 4018:Lira, Heitor (1977). 1244:(one heart, one way). 1239: 1226:Pedro II's reign 1196:disrespect of 1850." 1131: 1079: 1022: 996:, a tributary of the 915: 858: 792: 748: 697: 660: 614: 566:(admiralty judge) in 470:University of Coimbra 301:University of Coimbra 243:Maria Henriqueta Neto 36:The Marquis of Paraná 5020:Cansanção de Sinimbu 4590:Constitution of 1824 4482:Units of measurement 4280:Minister of Justice 4173:at Wikimedia Commons 3696:, pp. 201, 249. 3493:, pp. 178, 180. 3454:, pp. 170, 173. 2735:, pp. 103, 329. 2477:, pp. 206, 229. 2417:, pp. 193, 201. 2330:, pp. 190, 198. 1756:, pp. 169, 329. 1254:Viscount of Paraná ( 1025:Conciliation Cabinet 1004:Conciliation cabinet 950:Juan Manuel de Rosas 704:Pedro de Araújo Lima 648:Path to conservatism 374:in 1851 to forge an 340:put down a rebellion 90:Viscount of Itaboraí 5182:Brazilian diplomats 5068:Correia de Oliveira 4557:Political instances 4534:Prince of Grão-Pará 4382:Minister of Finance 4323:Manuel Vieira Tosta 4195:Minister of Justice 3952:Golin, Tau (2004). 3684:, pp. 192–193. 3568:, pp. 193–194. 3442:, pp. 162–163. 3384:, pp. 134–135. 3125:, pp. 124–125. 3024:, pp. 112–114. 2981:, pp. 108–109. 2615:, pp. 211–212. 2531:, pp. 207–208. 2453:, pp. 204–205. 2318:, pp. 183–185. 2226:, pp. 179–181. 2146:, pp. 158–160; 2065:, pp. 122–129. 2053:, pp. 126–127. 1978:, pp. 158–159. 1683:Teixeira Filho 1968 1541:Teixeira Filho 1968 1047:(conciliation) and 767:province of Alagoas 708:Pernambuco Province 637:Diogo Antônio Feijó 589:Chamber of Deputies 530:Entry into politics 426:São Carlos do Jacuí 410:Birth and childhood 363:Pernambuco Province 309:Chamber of Deputies 289:São Carlos do Jacuí 232:(c. 1853–1856) 145:Manuel Alves Branco 5192:Brazilian nobility 5062:Maurício Vanderlei 4990:Góis e Vasconcelos 4972:Góis e Vasconcelos 4960:Góis e Vasconcelos 4770:José do Patrocínio 4180:Political offices 3244:, pp. 32, 35. 3149:, pp. 45, 53. 2202:, pp. 313–34. 1697:, pp. 97–101. 1625:, pp. 28, 32. 1376:Eusébio de Queirós 1258:) on 26 June 1852. 1246: 1134: 1086: 1029: 990:Visconde de Paraná 931:Eusébio de Queirós 918: 871: 795: 755: 700: 684:Conservative Party 663: 617: 564:auditor da marinha 516:Conservative Party 332:Conservative Party 230:Conservative Party 185:Portuguese America 5159: 5158: 5105:Brochado da Rocha 5044:Rodrigues Pereira 4828: 4827: 4824: 4823: 4732: 4731: 4603: 4602: 4507:Emperor of Brazil 4398: 4397: 4389:Succeeded by 4362:Succeeded by 4337:Succeeded by 4312:Succeeded by 4286:Succeeded by 4261:Succeeded by 4232:João Caldas Viana 4229:Succeeded by 4202:Succeeded by 4169:Media related to 4149:978-85-7182-022-7 4129:(in Portuguese). 4117:978-85-7302-441-8 4097:(in Portuguese). 4050:978-0-8047-5369-2 4010:978-85-319-0512-4 3982:978-85-7315-553-2 3963:978-85-254-1438-0 3935:978-0-8047-3510-0 3916:978-0-8047-1437-2 3280:, pp. 37–38. 2798:, pp. 85–86. 2723:, pp. 25–26. 2603:, pp. 87–88. 2543:, pp. 93–95. 2519:, pp. 86–89. 2190:, pp. 51–53. 2152:, pp. 48–49. 1966:, pp. 31–32. 1709:, pp. 32–33. 1673:, pp. 29–30. 1649:, pp. 31–32. 1584:, pp. 17–18. 1374:Honório wrote to 1332:Order of the Rose 1288:(steward) of the 1232:Titles and honors 1218:Euclides da Cunha 986:battle of Caseros 836:elder statesman. 601:speech impediment 504:bachelor's degree 493:absolute monarchy 367:Liberal rebellion 365:to investigate a 282: 281: 102:Marquis of Caxias 16:(Redirected from 5259: 5149: 5148: 5139: 5138: 5074:Assis Figueiredo 4996:Rodrigues Torres 4911:Rodrigues Torres 4855: 4848: 4841: 4832: 4743: 4681:Independence War 4639:List of generals 4629:Military Academy 4612: 4574:Moderating Power 4569:General Assembly 4554: 4539:Prince of Brazil 4494: 4431:Empire of Brazil 4424: 4417: 4410: 4401: 4372:Preceded by 4347:Preceded by 4320:Preceded by 4294:Preceded by 4271:Preceded by 4239:Preceded by 4212:Preceded by 4185:Preceded by 4177: 4168: 4153: 4134: 4121: 4102: 4089: 4080: 4074: 4066: 4054: 4035: 4023: 4014: 3995: 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1858: 1852: 1846: 1840: 1834: 1828: 1822: 1816: 1810: 1787: 1781: 1775: 1769: 1763: 1757: 1751: 1745: 1739: 1722: 1716: 1710: 1704: 1698: 1692: 1686: 1680: 1674: 1668: 1662: 1656: 1650: 1644: 1638: 1632: 1626: 1620: 1614: 1608: 1597: 1591: 1585: 1579: 1573: 1550: 1544: 1538: 1532: 1509: 1503: 1497: 1488: 1482: 1476: 1470: 1464: 1458: 1449: 1426: 1420: 1414: 1389: 1385: 1379: 1372: 1366: 1359: 1353: 1349: 1273:Council of State 1242:Cor unum via una 1138:Lei dos Círculos 888:Partido da Praia 877:The rise of the 763:Council of State 607:Political crises 524:Empire of Brazil 348:Council of State 272: 263: 205:Empire of Brazil 197: 194:3 September 1856 169: 167: 155:Personal details 141: 131: 112: 98: 86: 69: 46: 32: 21: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5162: 5161: 5160: 5155: 5126:Died in office 5116: 5091: 5083: 5082: 5056:Antônio Saraiva 5038:Cunha Paranaguá 5032:Martinho Campos 5026:Antônio Saraiva 4872: 4864: 4859: 4829: 4820: 4784: 4728: 4667: 4599: 4578: 4543: 4495: 4486: 4433: 4428: 4394: 4385: 4377: 4367: 4358: 4352: 4342: 4333: 4325: 4315: 4308: 4299: 4289: 4282: 4276: 4266: 4257: 4244: 4234: 4225: 4217: 4207: 4198: 4190: 4161: 4156: 4150: 4137: 4124: 4118: 4105: 4092: 4083: 4067: 4057: 4051: 4038: 4028:Nabuco, Joaquim 4026: 4017: 4011: 3998: 3989: 3983: 3970: 3964: 3951: 3942: 3936: 3923: 3917: 3904: 3900: 3895: 3887: 3876: 3868: 3864: 3856: 3852: 3844: 3840: 3832: 3828: 3820: 3816: 3808: 3804: 3796: 3792: 3784: 3777: 3769: 3765: 3759:Rio Branco 1999 3757: 3753: 3745: 3736: 3728: 3724: 3716: 3712: 3704: 3700: 3692: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3632: 3628: 3620: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3596: 3589: 3581: 3572: 3564: 3560: 3552: 3545: 3537: 3533: 3525: 3521: 3513: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3489: 3485: 3477: 3473: 3465: 3458: 3450: 3446: 3438: 3434: 3426: 3419: 3411: 3407: 3399: 3388: 3380: 3376: 3368: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3339: 3335: 3327: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3300: 3296: 3288: 3284: 3276: 3272: 3264: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3228: 3221: 3213: 3204: 3196: 3192: 3184: 3180: 3172: 3165: 3157: 3153: 3145: 3141: 3133: 3129: 3121: 3117: 3109: 3105: 3097: 3093: 3085: 3081: 3073: 3069: 3044: 3040: 3032: 3028: 3020: 3016: 3008: 2997: 2989: 2985: 2977: 2973: 2948: 2944: 2936: 2932: 2907: 2903: 2895: 2891: 2883: 2879: 2871: 2867: 2842: 2838: 2830: 2826: 2818: 2814: 2806: 2802: 2794: 2790: 2782: 2778: 2770: 2763: 2755: 2751: 2743: 2739: 2731: 2727: 2719: 2715: 2707: 2700: 2692: 2688: 2680: 2676: 2668: 2664: 2656: 2649: 2641: 2634: 2626: 2619: 2611: 2607: 2599: 2595: 2587: 2583: 2575: 2571: 2563: 2559: 2551: 2547: 2539: 2535: 2527: 2523: 2515: 2511: 2503: 2496: 2488: 2481: 2473: 2469: 2461: 2457: 2449: 2445: 2437: 2433: 2425: 2421: 2413: 2409: 2401: 2397: 2389: 2385: 2377: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2353: 2349: 2341: 2334: 2326: 2322: 2314: 2310: 2302: 2298: 2290: 2281: 2273: 2266: 2258: 2254: 2246: 2242: 2234: 2230: 2222: 2218: 2210: 2206: 2198: 2194: 2186: 2182: 2174: 2170: 2162: 2158: 2133: 2129: 2121: 2117: 2109: 2105: 2097: 2093: 2085: 2081: 2073: 2069: 2061: 2057: 2049: 2045: 2037: 2033: 2025: 2021: 2013: 2009: 2001: 1994: 1986: 1982: 1974: 1970: 1962: 1958: 1933: 1929: 1921: 1914: 1889: 1885: 1877: 1873: 1865: 1861: 1853: 1849: 1841: 1837: 1829: 1825: 1817: 1813: 1788: 1784: 1776: 1772: 1764: 1760: 1752: 1748: 1740: 1725: 1717: 1713: 1705: 1701: 1693: 1689: 1681: 1677: 1669: 1665: 1657: 1653: 1645: 1641: 1633: 1629: 1621: 1617: 1609: 1600: 1592: 1588: 1580: 1576: 1551: 1547: 1539: 1535: 1510: 1506: 1498: 1491: 1483: 1479: 1471: 1467: 1459: 1452: 1427: 1423: 1415: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1392: 1386: 1382: 1373: 1369: 1360: 1356: 1350: 1346: 1341: 1304:Order of Christ 1299: 1268: 1251: 1234: 1202:José de Alencar 1184: 1126: 1116:support of the 1074: 1017: 1011: 1006: 998:Río de la Plata 910: 904: 886:, known as the 868:Praieira revolt 853: 851:Praieira revolt 847: 842: 787: 743: 737: 732: 692: 655: 650: 609: 591:, the national 537: 532: 522:and become the 465:standard-bearer 461: 412: 407: 392:titled nobility 305:appellate court 273: 235: 211:Political party 199: 195: 181:State of Brazil 171: 170:11 January 1801 165: 163: 139: 129: 113: 108: 96: 84: 70: 65: 49: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5265: 5263: 5255: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5164: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5153: 5143: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5114: 5108: 5102: 5099:Tancredo Neves 5095: 5093: 5085: 5084: 5081: 5080: 5071: 5065: 5059: 5053: 5047: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5023: 5017: 5011: 5008:Silva Paranhos 5005: 4999: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4975: 4969: 4963: 4957: 4951: 4945: 4942:Limpo de Abreu 4939: 4933: 4927: 4914: 4908: 4905:Costa Carvalho 4902: 4896: 4890: 4887:Almeida Torres 4884: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4858: 4857: 4850: 4843: 4835: 4826: 4825: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4811:Rio Branco Law 4808: 4803: 4801:Netto Question 4798: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4765:Joaquim Nabuco 4762: 4760:André Rebouças 4757: 4751: 4749: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4726: 4723:Paraguayan War 4720: 4714: 4708: 4702: 4699:Ragamuffin War 4696: 4693:Cisplatine War 4690: 4684: 4677: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4665: 4663:Military Ranks 4660: 4659: 4658: 4653: 4643: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4620: 4618: 4609: 4605: 4604: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4597: 4592: 4586: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4564:Prime Minister 4560: 4558: 4551: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4520: 4519: 4514: 4503: 4501: 4497: 4496: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4441: 4439: 4438:General topics 4435: 4434: 4429: 4427: 4426: 4419: 4412: 4404: 4396: 4395: 4390: 4387: 4378: 4373: 4369: 4368: 4363: 4360: 4353: 4348: 4344: 4343: 4338: 4335: 4326: 4321: 4317: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4300: 4295: 4291: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4277: 4272: 4268: 4267: 4262: 4259: 4245: 4240: 4236: 4235: 4230: 4227: 4218: 4213: 4209: 4208: 4203: 4200: 4191: 4186: 4182: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4160: 4159:External links 4157: 4155: 4154: 4148: 4135: 4122: 4116: 4103: 4090: 4081: 4055: 4049: 4036: 4024: 4015: 4009: 3996: 3987: 3981: 3968: 3962: 3949: 3940: 3934: 3921: 3915: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3893: 3874: 3872:, p. 272. 3862: 3860:, p. 251. 3850: 3848:, p. 326. 3838: 3826: 3824:, p. 232. 3814: 3802: 3800:, p. 194. 3790: 3788:, p. 346. 3775: 3763: 3761:, p. 410. 3751: 3749:, p. 278. 3734: 3732:, p. 277. 3722: 3720:, p. 255. 3710: 3698: 3686: 3674: 3672:, p. 150. 3662: 3660:, p. 276. 3650: 3648:, p. 166. 3638: 3636:, p. 148. 3626: 3624:, p. 151. 3614: 3612:, p. 275. 3602: 3600:, p. 197. 3587: 3585:, p. 194. 3570: 3558: 3556:, p. 193. 3543: 3541:, p. 185. 3531: 3529:, p. 186. 3519: 3517:, p. 187. 3507: 3505:, p. 183. 3495: 3483: 3481:, p. 175. 3471: 3469:, p. 174. 3456: 3444: 3432: 3430:, p. 172. 3417: 3415:, p. 168. 3405: 3403:, p. 343. 3386: 3374: 3372:, p. 169. 3357: 3345: 3343:, p. 197. 3333: 3331:, p. 141. 3318: 3316:, p. 224. 3306: 3304:, p. 164. 3294: 3292:, p. 195. 3282: 3270: 3268:, p. 158. 3258: 3246: 3234: 3232:, p. 157. 3219: 3217:, p. 160. 3202: 3190: 3178: 3176:, p. 159. 3163: 3161:, p. 134. 3151: 3139: 3127: 3115: 3113:, p. 127. 3103: 3101:, p. 156. 3091: 3089:, p. 114. 3079: 3077:, p. 124. 3067: 3065: 3064: 3063:, p. 116. 3058: 3057:, p. 157; 3052: 3051:, p. 123; 3038: 3036:, p. 123. 3026: 3014: 3012:, p. 133. 2995: 2993:, p. 108. 2983: 2971: 2969: 2968: 2967:, p. 303. 2962: 2961:, p. 103; 2956: 2955:, p. 147; 2942: 2940:, p. 176. 2930: 2928: 2927: 2926:, p. 107. 2921: 2920:, p. 176; 2915: 2914:, p. 222; 2901: 2899:, p. 301. 2889: 2887:, p. 105. 2877: 2875:, p. 364. 2865: 2863: 2862: 2861:, p. 106. 2856: 2855:, p. 103; 2850: 2849:, p. 222; 2836: 2834:, p. 173. 2824: 2812: 2810:, p. 120. 2800: 2788: 2776: 2774:, p. 110. 2761: 2759:, p. 119. 2749: 2747:, p. 215. 2737: 2725: 2713: 2711:, p. 111. 2698: 2696:, p. 110. 2686: 2674: 2672:, p. 123. 2662: 2660:, p. 214. 2647: 2645:, p. 102. 2632: 2630:, p. 122. 2617: 2605: 2593: 2591:, p. 152. 2581: 2569: 2567:, p. 101. 2557: 2555:, p. 211. 2545: 2533: 2521: 2509: 2507:, p. 207. 2494: 2479: 2467: 2455: 2443: 2431: 2429:, p. 100. 2419: 2407: 2395: 2383: 2381:, p. 187. 2371: 2359: 2347: 2345:, p. 190. 2332: 2320: 2308: 2296: 2279: 2264: 2262:, p. 314. 2252: 2240: 2228: 2216: 2214:, p. 177. 2204: 2192: 2180: 2168: 2166:, p. 167. 2156: 2154: 2153: 2147: 2141: 2140:, p. 174; 2127: 2115: 2113:, p. 160. 2103: 2101:, p. 150. 2091: 2089:, p. 148. 2079: 2067: 2055: 2043: 2041:, p. 120. 2031: 2029:, p. 160. 2019: 2007: 2005:, p. 169. 1992: 1980: 1968: 1956: 1954: 1953: 1952:, p. 154. 1947: 1941: 1940:, p. 174; 1927: 1925:, p. 162. 1912: 1910: 1909: 1903: 1902:, p. 102; 1897: 1883: 1871: 1859: 1847: 1835: 1823: 1821:, p. 238. 1811: 1809: 1808: 1802: 1796: 1782: 1780:, p. 120. 1770: 1768:, p. 102. 1758: 1746: 1723: 1711: 1699: 1687: 1675: 1663: 1651: 1639: 1627: 1615: 1613:, p. 295. 1598: 1586: 1574: 1572: 1571: 1570:, p. 329. 1565: 1559: 1545: 1533: 1531: 1530: 1529:, p. 293. 1524: 1518: 1504: 1489: 1487:, p. 294. 1477: 1465: 1450: 1448: 1447: 1446:, p. 292. 1441: 1435: 1421: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1380: 1367: 1354: 1343: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1335: 1328: 1321: 1314: 1307: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1293: 1283: 1278:Member of the 1276: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1250: 1247: 1233: 1230: 1210:Joaquim Nabuco 1183: 1180: 1125: 1122: 1073: 1070: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 958:Platine region 906:Main article: 903: 900: 849:Main article: 846: 843: 841: 838: 804:exceptionalism 786: 783: 751:Paraíba do Sul 739:Main article: 736: 733: 731: 728: 691: 688: 671:Additional Act 654: 651: 649: 646: 608: 605: 574:appointed him 568:Rio de Janeiro 536: 533: 531: 528: 460: 457: 411: 408: 406: 403: 386:, against the 280: 279: 276: 275: 265: 264: 257: 253: 252: 249: 245: 244: 241: 237: 236: 234: 233: 227: 224: 221: 218: 214: 212: 208: 207: 201:Rio de Janeiro 198:(aged 55) 192: 188: 187: 161: 157: 156: 152: 151: 148: 147: 142: 136: 135: 132: 126: 125: 120: 116: 115: 105: 104: 99: 93: 92: 87: 81: 80: 77: 73: 72: 62: 61: 55: 54: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5264: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5152: 5144: 5142: 5134: 5133: 5132: 5129: 5125: 5122:End of term: 5119: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5079: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5048: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5021: 5018: 5015: 5012: 5009: 5006: 5003: 5002:Pimenta Bueno 5000: 4997: 4994: 4991: 4988: 4985: 4982: 4979: 4976: 4973: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4949: 4946: 4943: 4940: 4937: 4934: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4917:Carneiro Leão 4915: 4912: 4909: 4906: 4903: 4900: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4888: 4885: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4856: 4851: 4849: 4844: 4842: 4837: 4836: 4833: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4787: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4747:Abolitionists 4744: 4741: 4739: 4735: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4717:Uruguayan War 4715: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4685: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4661: 4657: 4656:List of ships 4654: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4647: 4644: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4625: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4610: 4606: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4581: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4509: 4508: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4498: 4493: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4425: 4420: 4418: 4413: 4411: 4406: 4405: 4402: 4393: 4384: 4383: 4376: 4370: 4366: 4357: 4351: 4345: 4341: 4332: 4331: 4324: 4318: 4307: 4305: 4298: 4292: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4265: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4243: 4237: 4233: 4224: 4223: 4216: 4210: 4206: 4197: 4196: 4189: 4183: 4178: 4172: 4167: 4163: 4162: 4158: 4151: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4123: 4119: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4091: 4087: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4046: 4042: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4016: 4012: 4006: 4002: 3997: 3993: 3988: 3984: 3978: 3974: 3969: 3965: 3959: 3955: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3902: 3897: 3891:, p. 24. 3890: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3854: 3851: 3847: 3842: 3839: 3836:, p. 90. 3835: 3830: 3827: 3823: 3818: 3815: 3812:, p. 11. 3811: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3773:, p. 12. 3772: 3767: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3726: 3723: 3719: 3714: 3711: 3707: 3702: 3699: 3695: 3690: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3666: 3663: 3659: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3642: 3639: 3635: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3615: 3611: 3606: 3603: 3599: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3535: 3532: 3528: 3523: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3496: 3492: 3487: 3484: 3480: 3475: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3409: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3378: 3375: 3371: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3355:, p. 97. 3354: 3349: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3295: 3291: 3286: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3271: 3267: 3262: 3259: 3256:, p. 37. 3255: 3250: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3200:, p. 22. 3199: 3194: 3191: 3188:, p. 67. 3187: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3140: 3137:, p. 65. 3136: 3131: 3128: 3124: 3119: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3104: 3100: 3095: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3080: 3076: 3071: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3046: 3042: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3027: 3023: 3018: 3015: 3011: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2984: 2980: 2975: 2972: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2934: 2931: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2878: 2874: 2869: 2866: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2825: 2822:, p. 88. 2821: 2816: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2789: 2786:, p. 75. 2785: 2780: 2777: 2773: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2738: 2734: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2687: 2684:, p. 95. 2683: 2678: 2675: 2671: 2666: 2663: 2659: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2582: 2579:, p. 75. 2578: 2573: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2546: 2542: 2537: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2492:, p. 85. 2491: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2468: 2464: 2459: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2444: 2441:, p. 83. 2440: 2435: 2432: 2428: 2423: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2408: 2405:, p. 81. 2404: 2399: 2396: 2393:, p. 78. 2392: 2387: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2372: 2369:, p. 72. 2368: 2363: 2360: 2357:, p. 66. 2356: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2321: 2317: 2312: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2297: 2294:, p. 62. 2293: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2277:, p. 56. 2276: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2253: 2250:, p. 55. 2249: 2244: 2241: 2238:, p. 61. 2237: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2181: 2178:, p. 50. 2177: 2172: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2157: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2125:, p. 49. 2124: 2119: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2104: 2100: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2080: 2077:, p. 95. 2076: 2071: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2020: 2017:, p. 21. 2016: 2011: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1990:, p. 42. 1989: 1984: 1981: 1977: 1972: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1957: 1951: 1948: 1946:, p. 61; 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1935: 1931: 1928: 1924: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1908:, p. 96. 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1896:, p. 23; 1895: 1892: 1891: 1887: 1884: 1881:, p. 63. 1880: 1875: 1872: 1869:, p. 46. 1868: 1863: 1860: 1857:, p. 45. 1856: 1851: 1848: 1845:, p. 21. 1844: 1839: 1836: 1833:, p. 34. 1832: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1812: 1806: 1803: 1801:, p. 35; 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1744:, p. 48. 1743: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1721:, p. 33. 1720: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1703: 1700: 1696: 1691: 1688: 1685:, p. 18. 1684: 1679: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1664: 1661:, p. 28. 1660: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1643: 1640: 1637:, p. 57. 1636: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1596:, p. 18. 1595: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1575: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1558:, p. 18; 1557: 1554: 1553: 1549: 1546: 1543:, p. 22. 1542: 1537: 1534: 1528: 1525: 1523:, p. 17; 1522: 1519: 1517:, p. 18; 1516: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1502:, p. 18. 1501: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1478: 1475:, p. 17. 1474: 1469: 1466: 1463:, p. 15. 1462: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1445: 1442: 1440:, p. 17; 1439: 1436: 1434:, p. 17; 1433: 1430: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1419:, p. 17. 1418: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1395: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1358: 1355: 1348: 1345: 1338: 1333: 1329: 1326: 1322: 1319: 1315: 1312: 1308: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1277: 1274: 1270: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1257: 1253: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1197: 1195: 1190: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1151: 1148: 1143: 1139: 1130: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1083: 1078: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1049:melhoramentos 1046: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1008: 1003: 1001: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 966: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 934: 932: 928: 924: 914: 909: 901: 899: 895: 893: 889: 885: 880: 875: 869: 865: 862:, capital of 861: 857: 852: 844: 839: 837: 834: 830: 826: 820: 816: 814: 809: 805: 801: 791: 784: 782: 780: 776: 770: 768: 764: 759: 752: 747: 742: 734: 729: 727: 725: 719: 717: 716:Facção Áulica 711: 709: 705: 696: 689: 687: 685: 680: 674: 672: 667: 659: 652: 647: 645: 643: 638: 633: 629: 627: 623: 622:Pedro II 613: 606: 604: 602: 598: 594: 590: 585: 583: 582: 581:desembargador 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 556: 549: 547: 543: 534: 529: 527: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 500: 498: 494: 490: 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 466: 458: 456: 454: 450: 445: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 418: 409: 404: 402: 400: 395: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 368: 364: 359: 357: 353: 349: 345: 344:Liberal Party 341: 337: 333: 329: 328:Pedro II 325: 321: 317: 312: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 277: 271: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 231: 228: 225: 222: 219: 216: 215: 213: 209: 206: 202: 193: 189: 186: 182: 178: 174: 162: 158: 153: 149: 146: 143: 137: 133: 127: 124: 121: 117: 111: 106: 103: 100: 94: 91: 88: 82: 78: 74: 68: 63: 60: 56: 52: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 5127: 5123: 5077: 5050:Sousa Dantas 5014:Lima e Silva 4978:José Furtado 4954:Lima e Silva 4948:Silva Ferraz 4930:Lima e Silva 4924: 4916: 4893:Sousa e Melo 4881:Alves Branco 4651:Naval School 4616:Armed Forces 4461:Second Reign 4380: 4355: 4328: 4302: 4279: 4252: 4247: 4241: 4220: 4193: 4139: 4130: 4126: 4107: 4098: 4094: 4085: 4062: 4040: 4031: 4019: 4000: 3991: 3972: 3953: 3944: 3925: 3906: 3870:Gouveia 1962 3865: 3858:Gouveia 1962 3853: 3841: 3829: 3822:Janotti 1990 3817: 3805: 3793: 3771:Janotti 1990 3766: 3754: 3747:Gouveia 1962 3730:Gouveia 1962 3725: 3713: 3706:Needell 2006 3701: 3694:Needell 2006 3689: 3682:Needell 2006 3677: 3665: 3658:Gouveia 1962 3653: 3641: 3629: 3617: 3610:Gouveia 1962 3605: 3598:Needell 2006 3583:Needell 2006 3566:Needell 2006 3561: 3554:Needell 2006 3539:Needell 2006 3534: 3527:Needell 2006 3522: 3515:Needell 2006 3510: 3503:Needell 2006 3498: 3491:Needell 2006 3486: 3479:Needell 2006 3474: 3467:Needell 2006 3452:Needell 2006 3447: 3435: 3428:Needell 2006 3413:Needell 2006 3408: 3401:Vainfas 2002 3382:Needell 2006 3377: 3370:Needell 2006 3353:Gouveia 1962 3348: 3336: 3329:Needell 2006 3314:Gouveia 1962 3309: 3297: 3290:Gouveia 1962 3285: 3273: 3266:Needell 2006 3261: 3249: 3237: 3230:Needell 2006 3215:Needell 2006 3193: 3186:Needell 2006 3181: 3174:Needell 2006 3159:Needell 2006 3154: 3147:Needell 2006 3142: 3135:Needell 2006 3130: 3123:Needell 2006 3118: 3111:Needell 2006 3106: 3099:Needell 2006 3094: 3082: 3070: 3061:Needell 2006 3041: 3029: 3017: 3010:Needell 2006 2991:Needell 2006 2986: 2979:Needell 2006 2974: 2953:Gouveia 1962 2945: 2933: 2924:Needell 2006 2904: 2892: 2885:Needell 2006 2880: 2873:Needell 2006 2868: 2859:Needell 2006 2839: 2827: 2815: 2803: 2791: 2784:Needell 2006 2779: 2772:Needell 2006 2757:Gouveia 1962 2752: 2740: 2733:Needell 2006 2728: 2721:Needell 2006 2716: 2709:Gouveia 1962 2694:Gouveia 1962 2689: 2682:Gouveia 1962 2677: 2670:Gouveia 1962 2665: 2643:Needell 2006 2628:Gouveia 1962 2608: 2601:Gouveia 1962 2596: 2584: 2572: 2565:Needell 2006 2560: 2548: 2541:Needell 2006 2536: 2524: 2517:Needell 2006 2512: 2490:Needell 2006 2470: 2463:Needell 2006 2458: 2446: 2439:Needell 2006 2434: 2427:Needell 2006 2422: 2410: 2403:Needell 2006 2398: 2391:Needell 2006 2386: 2374: 2367:Needell 2006 2362: 2355:Gouveia 1962 2350: 2323: 2311: 2304:Needell 2006 2299: 2292:Needell 2006 2275:Needell 2006 2255: 2248:Needell 2006 2243: 2236:Needell 2006 2231: 2219: 2207: 2195: 2188:Needell 2006 2183: 2176:Needell 2006 2171: 2164:Janotti 1990 2159: 2150:Needell 2006 2144:Janotti 1990 2130: 2123:Needell 2006 2118: 2111:Janotti 1990 2106: 2099:Janotti 1990 2094: 2087:Janotti 1990 2082: 2070: 2063:Janotti 1990 2058: 2051:Janotti 1990 2046: 2039:Janotti 1990 2034: 2022: 2010: 1988:Needell 2006 1983: 1971: 1964:Needell 2006 1959: 1944:Gouveia 1962 1930: 1894:Gouveia 1962 1886: 1879:Janotti 1990 1874: 1867:Janotti 1990 1862: 1855:Janotti 1990 1850: 1843:Gouveia 1962 1838: 1831:Janotti 1990 1826: 1814: 1805:Needell 2006 1799:Janotti 1990 1785: 1778:Needell 2006 1773: 1761: 1754:Needell 2006 1749: 1742:Needell 2006 1719:Janotti 1990 1714: 1707:Janotti 1990 1702: 1690: 1678: 1671:Janotti 1990 1666: 1659:Janotti 1990 1654: 1647:Janotti 1990 1642: 1635:Needell 2006 1630: 1623:Janotti 1990 1618: 1594:Janotti 1990 1589: 1582:Janotti 1990 1577: 1568:Needell 2006 1556:Gouveia 1962 1548: 1536: 1521:Janotti 1990 1515:Gouveia 1962 1507: 1500:Gouveia 1962 1480: 1473:Gouveia 1962 1468: 1461:Gouveia 1962 1438:Janotti 1990 1432:Gouveia 1962 1424: 1417:Janotti 1990 1383: 1370: 1357: 1347: 1289: 1285: 1241: 1222: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1185: 1172: 1155: 1152: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1135: 1117: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1095: 1090: 1087: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1053: 1048: 1044: 1038: 1030: 994:Paraná River 989: 967: 935: 919: 896: 891: 887: 878: 876: 872: 832: 828: 824: 821: 817: 807: 799: 796: 771: 760: 756: 720: 715: 712: 701: 675: 668: 664: 642:Constitution 634: 630: 618: 586: 579: 575: 572:Pedro I 563: 555:juiz de fora 553: 550: 538: 501: 496: 486: 476:, including 462: 446: 441: 430:Minas Gerais 422:civil parish 415: 413: 396: 360: 351: 316:Pedro I 313: 297:Minas Gerais 284: 283: 196:(1856-09-03) 177:Minas Gerais 140:Succeeded by 109: 97:Succeeded by 66: 29: 5177:1856 deaths 5172:1801 births 5131:Coup d'état 5113:(1962–1963) 5111:Hermes Lima 5101:(1961–1962) 5092:(1961–1963) 5070:(1888–1889) 5064:(1885–1888) 5052:(1884–1885) 5046:(1883–1884) 5040:(1882–1883) 5028:(1880–1882) 5022:(1878–1880) 5016:(1875–1878) 5010:(1871–1875) 5004:(1870–1871) 4998:(1868–1870) 4992:(1866–1868) 4986:(1865–1866) 4984:Araújo Lima 4980:(1864–1865) 4968:(1862–1864) 4966:Araújo Lima 4956:(1861–1862) 4950:(1859–1861) 4944:(1858–1859) 4938:(1857–1858) 4936:Araújo Lima 4932:(1856–1857) 4913:(1852–1853) 4907:(1849–1852) 4901:(1848–1849) 4899:Araújo Lima 4883:(1847–1848) 4873:(1847–1889) 4725:(1864–1870) 4719:(1864–1865) 4713:(1851–1852) 4711:Platine War 4707:(1835–1840) 4701:(1835–1845) 4695:(1825–1828) 4683:(1822–1824) 4453:First Reign 3954:A Fronteira 3889:Sisson 1999 3834:Vieira 1991 3810:Gouvêa 2009 3670:Gouvêa 2009 3646:Barman 1999 3634:Gouvêa 2009 3622:Gouvêa 2009 3440:Barman 1999 3341:Barman 1988 3087:Nabuco 1975 3075:Barman 1999 3049:Barman 1999 3034:Barman 1999 3022:Barman 1999 2938:Calmon 1975 2918:Calmon 1975 2912:Barman 1988 2847:Barman 1988 2832:Calmon 1975 2820:Nabuco 1975 2808:Barman 1999 2796:Barman 1988 2745:Barman 1988 2658:Barman 1988 2613:Barman 1988 2589:Calmon 1975 2577:Nabuco 1975 2553:Barman 1988 2529:Barman 1988 2505:Barman 1988 2475:Barman 1988 2451:Barman 1988 2415:Barman 1988 2379:Barman 1988 2343:Barman 1988 2328:Barman 1988 2316:Barman 1988 2224:Barman 1988 2212:Barman 1988 2138:Barman 1988 2075:Barman 1999 2027:Barman 1988 2003:Barman 1988 1976:Barman 1988 1950:Nabuco 1975 1938:Barman 1988 1923:Barman 1999 1906:Vieira 1991 1900:Gouvêa 2009 1819:Barman 1988 1793:Barman 1988 1766:Gouvêa 2009 1695:Barman 1988 1045:conciliação 908:Platine War 902:Platine War 686:(c. 1853). 593:lower house 405:Early years 322:in 1831, a 130:Preceded by 85:Preceded by 5166:Categories 4306:(interim) 3898:References 3278:Golin 2004 3254:Golin 2004 3242:Golin 2004 3198:Golin 2004 1189:saquaremas 1147:saquaremas 1142:saquaremas 1118:saquaremas 1110:Saquaremas 1106:ipso facto 1102:saquaremas 1098:saquaremas 1091:saquaremas 1065:saquaremas 1056:saquaremas 1013:See also: 982:Corrientes 978:Entre Ríos 970:Montevideo 884:Pernambuco 879:saquaremas 864:Pernambuco 833:saquaremas 829:saquaremas 800:saquaremas 775:Ouro Preto 453:Ouro Preto 384:Entre Ríos 380:Corrientes 320:abdication 251:Politician 248:Occupation 166:1801-01-11 4921:1853–1856 4816:Lei Áurea 4775:Luís Gama 4705:Cabanagem 4477:Provinces 4071:cite book 1396:Footnotes 1194:saquarema 1168:pneumonia 1164:hepatitis 1060:saquarema 892:saquarema 560:São Paulo 459:Education 434:captaincy 432:, then a 417:freguesia 356:president 293:captaincy 256:Signature 110:In office 67:In office 5141:Category 5089:Republic 4608:Military 4549:Politics 4517:Pedro II 4500:Monarchy 4472:Nobility 4253:de facto 4061:(1999). 4030:(1975). 1352:related. 1339:Endnotes 1286:Provedor 1249:Nobility 946:Paraguay 845:Praieira 808:de facto 449:Paracatu 376:alliance 352:de facto 123:Pedro II 79:Pedro II 5076:(1889) 4738:Slavery 4512:Pedro I 4467:Economy 4457:Regency 4445:History 1256:Grandee 1082:cholera 956:in the 942:Uruguay 626:regency 576:ouvidor 508:masters 497:A Gruta 474:Coimbra 442:furriel 399:cabinet 372:Uruguay 324:regency 119:Monarch 76:Monarch 5107:(1962) 5058:(1885) 5034:(1882) 4974:(1864) 4962:(1862) 4895:(1848) 4889:(1848) 4870:Empire 4789:Others 4689:(1824) 4583:Others 4146: 4114: 4047: 4007: 3979: 3960: 3932: 3913: 1297:Honors 1182:Legacy 1156:El Rei 1084:, 1855 962:treaty 860:Recife 438:Brazil 354:first 240:Spouse 3045:See: 2949:See: 2908:See: 2843:See: 2134:See: 1934:See: 1890:See: 1789:See: 1552:See: 1511:See: 1428:See: 1266:Other 424:) of 173:Jacuí 5151:List 4673:Wars 4242:None 4144:ISBN 4112:ISBN 4077:link 4045:ISBN 4005:ISBN 3977:ISBN 3958:ISBN 3930:ISBN 3911:ISBN 1023:The 980:and 944:and 749:The 382:and 191:Died 160:Born 134:None 4131:236 4099:278 815:". 318:'s 295:of 5168:: 4923:) 4459:, 4455:, 4451:, 4255:) 4073:}} 4069:{{ 3877:^ 3778:^ 3737:^ 3590:^ 3573:^ 3546:^ 3459:^ 3420:^ 3389:^ 3360:^ 3321:^ 3222:^ 3205:^ 3166:^ 2998:^ 2764:^ 2701:^ 2650:^ 2635:^ 2620:^ 2497:^ 2482:^ 2335:^ 2282:^ 2267:^ 1995:^ 1915:^ 1726:^ 1601:^ 1492:^ 1453:^ 1403:^ 1166:, 925:, 526:. 428:, 394:. 203:, 183:, 179:, 175:, 5128:× 5124:† 5078:× 4925:† 4919:( 4854:e 4847:t 4840:v 4463:) 4447:( 4423:e 4416:t 4409:v 4251:( 4152:. 4120:. 4079:) 4053:. 4013:. 3985:. 3966:. 3938:. 3919:. 1334:. 1320:. 1282:. 1275:. 823:" 811:" 420:( 168:) 164:( 20:)

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Knowledge (XXG)

Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná

Index