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In India red sandalwood is one main and lucrative market for smugglers, as a high price is paid for this wood in China. Since the exporting of sandalwood is illegal in India, the underground market is growing and there are a number of arrests every year of those trying to smuggle this wood to China.
550:
subsoils, at altitudes around 750 metres (2,460 ft), and in semi-arid climatic conditions gives a distinctive wavy grain margin. Lumber pieces with the wavy grain margin are graded as "A" grade. Red sandalwood with wavy grain margins sells at higher prices than the standard wood.
387:, growing to 8 metres (26 ft) tall with a trunk 50–150 cm diameter. It is fast-growing when young, reaching 5 metres (16 ft) tall in three years, even on degraded soils. It is not frost tolerant, being killed by temperatures of −1 °C.
593:
333:. This tree is valued for the rich red colour of its wood, and in recent years there has been a marked uptick in the use of red sandalwood as a component of incense, especially in the west. The tree is not to be confused with the aromatic
515:, all similar species named in trade as bois de rose or violet rosewood which when cut are bright crimson purple changing to dark purple again. It has a fragrant scent when worked.
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538:
is used in traditional herbal medicine as an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, tonic, hemorrhage, dysentery, aphrodisiac, anti-hyperglycaemic and diaphoretic.
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582:, which means that a certificate is required in order to export it, that should only be granted if the trade is not detrimental to the survival of the species.
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465:, who introduced classical Chinese hardwood furniture to the west. An exquisite chair made of red sandalwood can be seen today in China's
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made from zitan is difficult to find and can be expensive. It has been one of the most prized woods for millennia.
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Red sandalwood has been used for making the bridge and also the neck of the
Japanese musical instrument
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in 2018, as the scale of this loss is not properly known. It is also listed in the appendix II of the
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860:"Pharmacognosy of some indigenous medicinal plants of chittoor district, Andhra pradesh, India"
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Linn. f. (Rath handun): A review of its botany, uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology".
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Wasteland reclamation through rehabilitation of eroded soil (pdf file)
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799:"Zitantique, the best source for premium quality zitan - About Zitan"
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Pterocarpus santalinus (red sandal) in north coastal Andhra
Pradesh
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are alternate, 3–9 cm long, trifoliate with three leaflets.
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893:
Journal of the Korean
Society for Applied Biological Chemistry
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461:) and spelt tzu-t'an by earlier western authors such as
977:
The film related to illegal business of red sandalwood
692:"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species"
479:, and once used by the emperors of the Qing dynasty.
376:
Seized red sandalwood logs at Forest office, Tirupati
1023:
670:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T32104A187622484.en
527:. The heartwood is preferred for this purpose.
917:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 (
8:
340:trees that grow natively in Southern India.
562:was listed as an Endangered species by the
1011:
453:periods, and is referred to in Chinese as
78:
42:
31:
774:"Classical Chinese Furniture: Newsletter"
668:
827:Japanese Music & Musical Instruments
574:; however, it was later reclassified to
970:
634:
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413:6–9 cm long containing one or two
910:
768:
766:
7:
656:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
482:Due to its slow growth and rarity,
25:
830:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 56.
824:Malm, William P. (15 June 1990).
1349:IUCN Red List endangered species
1300:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:516570-1
998:
934:Red List of Threatened Species:
592:
445:has historically been valued in
103:
1359:Endemic flora of India (region)
717:"ILDIS LegumeWeb (version 10)"
1:
1374:Environment of Andhra Pradesh
858:Sudhakar, A (December 2011).
801:. 18 May 2007. Archived from
546:Red sandalwood grown on the
899:(4): 495–500. August 2011.
383:is a light-demanding small
1400:
907:(inactive 14 August 2024).
867:Shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in
449:, particularly during the
847:– via Google Books.
542:Grading of red sandalwood
261:
254:
237:
230:
100:Scientific classification
98:
76:
67:
50:
41:
34:
1384:Threatened flora of Asia
953:Appendices I, II and III
284:, with the common names
645:Ahmedullah, M. (2021).
476:Hall of Supreme Harmony
51:in Talakona forest, in
1069:pterocarpus-santalinus
1055:Pterocarpus santalinus
1025:Pterocarpus santalinus
1005:Pterocarpus santalinus
993:Pterocarpus santalinus
936:Pterocarpus santalinus
889:Pterocarpus santalinus
663:: e.T32104A187622484.
649:Pterocarpus santalinus
560:Pterocarpus santalinus
536:Pterocarpus santalinus
438:
401:are produced in short
381:Pterocarpus santalinus
377:
369:
281:Pterocarpus santalinus
241:Pterocarpus santalinus
36:Pterocarpus santalinus
778:Chinese-furniture.com
433:
375:
351:
1007:at Wikimedia Commons
617:Adenanthera pavonina
497:is from the species
1369:Flora of Tamil Nadu
555:Conservation status
512:Dalbergia normandii
70:Conservation status
757:2007-06-23 at the
570:for its timber in
506:Dalbergia maritima
500:Dalbergia louvelii
493:The other form of
439:
378:
370:
329:mountain range of
266:Lingoum santalinum
223:P. santalinus
1336:
1335:
1256:Open Tree of Life
1017:Taxon identifiers
1003:Media related to
437:in red sandalwood
358:Tirupati district
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276:
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53:Tirupati district
27:Species of legume
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985:External links
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306:Rakta Chandana
302:red sandalwood
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310:rakto chandon
307:
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298:Chenchandanam
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269:(L.f.) Kuntze
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232:Binomial name
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913:cite journal
896:
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870:. Retrieved
866:
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841:. Retrieved
826:
819:
807:. Retrieved
803:the original
793:
781:. Retrieved
777:
746:
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724:. Retrieved
720:
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701:30 September
699:. Retrieved
695:
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674:. Retrieved
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451:Qing dynasty
440:
435:Chess pieces
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290:red saunders
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18:Honne (tree)
1354:Pterocarpus
1178:iNaturalist
1049:Wikispecies
991:Jstor.org:
750:Auroville:
676:13 November
572:South India
463:Gustav Ecke
356:forest, in
344:Description
331:South India
319:Pterocarpus
286:red sanders
210:Pterocarpus
195:Subfamily:
143:Angiosperms
1343:Categories
1269:Plant List
629:References
338:sandalwood
85:Endangered
1274:ild-32307
1144:242342140
721:Ildis.org
484:furniture
217:Species:
199:Faboideae
113:Kingdom:
1308:Species+
1209:10579775
1196:516570-1
1076:BioLib:
1040:Q2392887
1034:Wikidata
872:25 March
843:25 March
809:25 March
783:25 March
755:Archived
726:25 March
605:See also
525:shamisen
519:Shamisen
354:Talakona
336:Santalum
256:Synonyms
189:Fabaceae
185:Family:
156:Eudicots
90:IUCN 3.1
1248:1071199
1157:5708628
1100:Ecocrop
956:, CITES
586:Gallery
471:Beijing
403:racemes
399:flowers
323:endemic
314:species
312:, is a
205:Genus:
179:Fabales
175:Order:
117:Plantae
88: (
1282:PLANTS
1261:834137
1222:506295
1183:442817
1118:643243
1079:208460
1064:ARKive
940:, IUCN
834:
509:, and
426:Timber
405:. The
392:leaves
308:, and
169:Rosids
1313:28106
1235:32104
1204:IRMNG
1170:30293
1131:PTKSA
1092:6WKVZ
965:Notes
863:(PDF)
611:Algum
580:CITES
548:shale
495:zitan
455:zitan
447:China
415:seeds
409:is a
407:fruit
366:India
163:Clade
150:Clade
137:Clade
124:Clade
61:India
1379:Wood
1295:POWO
1287:PTSA
1243:NCBI
1230:IUCN
1217:ITIS
1191:IPNI
1165:GRIN
1152:GBIF
1126:EPPO
1105:9049
919:link
874:2022
845:2022
832:ISBN
811:2022
785:2022
728:2022
703:2014
678:2021
661:2021
564:IUCN
443:wood
441:The
421:Uses
397:The
390:The
385:tree
248:L.f.
1321:WFO
1139:FNA
1113:EoL
1087:CoL
901:doi
665:doi
469:in
411:pod
360:of
352:in
316:of
55:of
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915:}}
911:{{
897:54
895:.
865:.
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765:^
719:.
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637:^
503:,
459:紫檀
417:.
368:.
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903::
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813:.
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457:(
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
