423:
381:
400:
77:
871:
307:
181:
36:
819:
798:
Soon after, he advanced to the
Imperial Japanese Army Academy. At that time, there were several students from the Empire of Korea enrolled at the military academy, and with the 1910 annexation of Korea by Japan, a few left the Academy to join the movements for Korean independence, but most followed
866:
before a military tribunal by the Allies over the conduct of his prison guards while he was commandant. The Manila tribunal sentenced Hong to death as a war criminal on 18 April 1946. He was executed by hanging on 28 September 1946. Hong, who converted to
Christianity while in custody, asked a
810:. However, despite this, he secretly maintained his friendship with Ji and other anti-Japanese activists in the Korean Liberation Army, and even supported Ji's family with his own funds, an action which could have put Hong himself in danger if he made even a small mistake.
121:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
422:
803:, who argued that they should leave to fight only after having studied and developed their skills. A few, such as Hong, attempted to stay aloof from either movement, and largely parted ways with their classmates.
1259:
1204:
1264:
107:
832:
policy, Hong was under strong pressure to change his Korean name to a
Japanese-style name, but he ignored the pressure and in the end did not change his name and kept his surname as Hong.
1229:
1234:
883:
After Korea regained its independence, Hong's family became the target of blame and ostracism by various factions in Korea. His eldest son, Hong Guk-seon, graduated from Japan's
1279:
1244:
1175:
1051:
1274:
1239:
729:
Hong was held responsible for all the atrocities committed by
Imperial Japanese Army prison guards against Allied POWs in Philippines, and was hanged in 1946.
806:
In 1914, Hong graduated in the 26th class of the
Academy and was commissioned as a lieutenant into the Imperial Japanese Army, and in 1923 graduated from the
1108:
965:
1254:
843:. From 1940–41, he was assigned to the 1st Depot Division, and in 1941, he became the commander of the IJA 108th Infantry Brigade as a major general.
1249:
124:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
132:
454:
1224:
1269:
726:) prisoners of war in the Philippines during the latter part of World War II, where many of the camp guards were of Korean ethnicity.
1214:
282:
264:
63:
835:
Hong continued to demonstrate exceptional ability and was rapidly promoted through the ranks, eventually rising to the rank of
354:
1135:
1011:
715:
615:
202:
888:
854:
in
October of the same year, and remained in the Philippines under the 14th Area Army until the cessation of hostilities.
145:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Korean
Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
1092:
1065:
245:
1209:
217:
198:
49:
1219:
224:
191:
1112:
973:
840:
807:
555:
509:
140:
161:
399:
231:
771:. With the abolition of the academy in 1909, he transferred to Japan's Central Military Preparatory School
719:
692:
403:
629:
1155:
1031:
213:
1199:
1194:
969:
847:
436:
364:
700:
851:
836:
658:
426:
884:
870:
752:
738:
330:
136:
1136:"The US-Korea relations: 1910–1945: A brief history of the US-Korea relations prior to 1945"
1012:"The US-Korea relations: 1910–1945: A brief history of the US-Korea relations prior to 1945"
764:
696:
1168:
1096:
1044:
800:
792:
768:
704:
669:
386:
154:
55:
828:
927:
238:
89:
1188:
678:; 4 March 1889 – 26 September 1946), also known by the Japanese reading of his name
892:
760:
708:
449:
1139:
1015:
306:
723:
653:
180:
1066:"Trial of General Tomoyuki Yamashita, United States Military Commission Manila"
818:
1089:
1069:
1090:
Trial of
General Tomoyuki Yamashita, United States Military Commission Manila
17:
904:
895:. He and his mother, Hong's widow, later emigrated to the United States.
748:
743:
326:
143:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
863:
756:
578:
350:
334:
869:
817:
788:
592:
867:
clergyman to read Psalm 51 from the Bible in his final moments.
532:
486:
118:
174:
70:
29:
718:, Hong was placed in command of the Japanese camps holding
846:
In March 1944, he went to the
Philippines to command all
1260:
People executed by the United States military by hanging
560:
514:
1205:
20th-century executions by the United States military
891:, but was removed from his position on the orders of
634:
620:
114:
628:
614:
609:
591:
577:
572:
554:
549:
531:
526:
508:
503:
485:
480:
471:
442:
432:
417:
409:
392:
374:
360:
340:
313:
297:
205:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
110:
a machine-translated version of the Korean article.
1265:Executed Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan
1138:. Association for Asian Research. Archived from
1014:. Association for Asian Research. Archived from
1230:Imperial Japanese Army generals of World War II
780:
919:洪思翊中将の処刑 (The execution of General Hong Sa Ik)
774:
684:
537:
491:
139:accompanying your translation by providing an
101:Click for important translation instructions.
88:expand this article with text translated from
1235:Military history of Korea during World War II
8:
874:Hong (right) at his war crimes trial in 1946
787:as a government-financed student along with
673:
597:
583:
1280:Korean people in the Imperial Japanese Army
995:B. V. A Roling and Antonio Cassese (1993).
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
606:
546:
500:
305:
294:
1174:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1050:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
966:"War criminal, general, but still Korean"
283:Learn how and when to remove this message
265:Learn how and when to remove this message
1245:Japanese people executed for war crimes
999:. Oxford, UK: Polity Press. p. 76.
951:
1275:Japanese war crimes in the Philippines
1164:
1153:
1040:
1029:
959:
957:
955:
468:
27:Korean-Japanese war criminal 1889–1946
1240:Korean people convicted of war crimes
7:
917:Yamamoto, Shichihei (October 2006).
203:adding citations to reliable sources
691:, was a lieutenant general in the
25:
1255:Japanese people of Korean descent
862:After the war, Hong was tried in
45:This article has multiple issues.
839:. From 1939–40, he was with the
421:
398:
379:
179:
75:
34:
1250:Japanese people executed abroad
964:Chun, Young-gi (5 March 2004).
826:With the implementation of the
703:relating to the conduct of the
355:Commonwealth of the Philippines
190:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
1134:Kim, Young-Sik, Ph.D. (2003).
1010:Kim, Young-Sik, Ph.D. (2003).
716:Imperial Japanese Army Academy
674:
635:
621:
561:
515:
149:You may also add the template
1:
887:and afterwards worked in the
1111:. 2006-03-24. Archived from
932:The Generals of World War II
1225:Imperial Korean Army Cadets
791:on the orders of dethroned
781:
763:was signed, he entered the
162:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
1296:
997:The Tokyo Trial and Beyond
651:
113:Machine translation, like
1270:Executed military leaders
775:
685:
646:
605:
598:
584:
545:
538:
527:Alternative Japanese name
499:
492:
476:
370:
304:
90:the corresponding article
1215:Converts to Christianity
841:China Expeditionary Army
814:Rising through the ranks
782:Rikugun Chūō Yōnen Gakkō
741:, was born in 1889 to a
1132:Lee Gyu-Tae, quoted by
1109:"INSIDE JoongAng Daily"
1095:8 December 2006 at the
921:. Japan: Chikuma Shobo.
160:For more guidance, see
1163:Cite journal requires
1039:Cite journal requires
875:
823:
737:Hong, a member of the
697:ethnic Korean in Japan
693:Imperial Japanese Army
404:Imperial Japanese Army
873:
850:. He was promoted to
848:prisoner-of-war camps
821:
656:, the family name is
410:Years of service
151:{{Translated|ko|홍사익}}
133:copyright attribution
970:Korea JoongAng Daily
759:. In 1905, when the
722:(primarily U.S. and
695:and the top-ranking
616:Revised Romanization
455:Philippines campaign
437:Fourteenth Area Army
365:Execution by hanging
199:improve this article
1210:People from Anseong
926:Ammenthorp, Steen.
858:Trial and execution
699:to be charged with
361:Cause of death
1142:on 11 October 2006
1018:on 11 October 2006
876:
852:lieutenant general
837:lieutenant general
824:
789:Crown Prince Yi Un
714:A graduate of the
427:Lieutenant General
141:interlanguage link
1220:Korean Christians
885:Waseda University
753:Gyeonggi Province
739:Namyang Hong clan
650:
649:
642:
641:
630:McCune–Reischauer
568:
567:
522:
521:
467:
466:
344:26 September 1946
331:Gyeonggi Province
293:
292:
285:
275:
274:
267:
249:
173:
172:
102:
98:
68:
16:(Redirected from
1287:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1105:
1099:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1068:. Archived from
1062:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1007:
1001:
1000:
992:
986:
985:
983:
981:
976:on 24 March 2006
972:. Archived from
961:
942:
940:
938:
922:
808:Army War College
786:
784:
778:
777:
765:military academy
690:
688:
687:
677:
676:
638:
637:
624:
623:
607:
601:
600:
587:
586:
564:
563:
547:
541:
540:
518:
517:
501:
495:
494:
469:
425:
402:
394:
385:
383:
382:
347:
323:
321:
309:
295:
288:
281:
270:
263:
259:
256:
250:
248:
207:
183:
175:
152:
146:
119:Google Translate
100:
96:
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1173:
1162:
1152:
1145:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1118:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1097:Wayback Machine
1088:
1084:
1075:
1073:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1038:
1028:
1021:
1019:
1009:
1008:
1004:
994:
993:
989:
979:
977:
963:
962:
953:
949:
936:
934:
925:
916:
913:
901:
881:
860:
822:Hong as a Major
816:
801:Ji Cheong-cheon
772:
735:
705:Empire of Japan
682:
663:
463:
456:
387:Empire of Japan
380:
378:
349:
345:
325:
319:
317:
300:
289:
278:
277:
276:
271:
260:
254:
251:
208:
206:
196:
184:
169:
168:
167:
150:
144:
103:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1293:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1165:|journal=
1125:
1100:
1082:
1057:
1041:|journal=
1002:
987:
950:
948:
945:
944:
943:
928:"Kou, Shiyoku"
923:
912:
909:
908:
907:
900:
897:
889:Bank of Chōsen
880:
877:
859:
856:
815:
812:
793:Emperor Gojong
734:
731:
648:
647:
644:
643:
640:
639:
632:
626:
625:
618:
612:
611:
610:Transcriptions
603:
602:
595:
589:
588:
581:
575:
574:
570:
569:
566:
565:
558:
552:
551:
550:Transcriptions
543:
542:
535:
529:
528:
524:
523:
520:
519:
512:
506:
505:
504:Transcriptions
497:
496:
489:
483:
482:
478:
477:
474:
473:
465:
464:
462:
461:
460:
459:
446:
444:
440:
439:
434:
430:
429:
419:
415:
414:
411:
407:
406:
396:
390:
389:
376:
372:
371:
368:
367:
362:
358:
357:
348:(aged 57)
342:
338:
337:
315:
311:
310:
302:
301:
298:
291:
290:
273:
272:
187:
185:
178:
171:
170:
166:
165:
158:
147:
125:
122:
111:
104:
85:
84:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1292:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1177:
1170:
1157:
1141:
1137:
1129:
1126:
1115:on 2006-03-24
1114:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1072:on 2011-05-22
1071:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1033:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1003:
998:
991:
988:
975:
971:
967:
960:
958:
956:
952:
946:
933:
929:
924:
920:
915:
914:
910:
906:
903:
902:
898:
896:
894:
890:
886:
878:
872:
868:
865:
857:
855:
853:
849:
844:
842:
838:
833:
831:
830:
820:
813:
811:
809:
804:
802:
796:
794:
790:
783:
770:
769:Korean Empire
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
745:
740:
732:
730:
727:
725:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
681:
671:
667:
661:
660:
655:
645:
633:
631:
627:
619:
617:
613:
608:
604:
596:
594:
590:
582:
580:
576:
571:
559:
557:
553:
548:
544:
536:
534:
530:
525:
513:
511:
507:
502:
498:
490:
488:
484:
481:Japanese name
479:
475:
470:
458:
453:
452:
451:
448:
447:
445:
441:
438:
435:
431:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
405:
401:
397:
391:
388:
377:
373:
369:
366:
363:
359:
356:
352:
343:
339:
336:
332:
328:
316:
312:
308:
303:
296:
287:
284:
269:
266:
258:
247:
244:
240:
237:
233:
230:
226:
223:
219:
216: –
215:
211:
210:Find sources:
204:
200:
194:
193:
188:This article
186:
182:
177:
176:
163:
159:
156:
148:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
112:
109:
106:
105:
99:
93:
91:
86:You can help
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
1156:cite journal
1144:. Retrieved
1140:the original
1128:
1117:. Retrieved
1113:the original
1103:
1085:
1074:. Retrieved
1070:the original
1060:
1032:cite journal
1020:. Retrieved
1016:the original
1005:
996:
990:
978:. Retrieved
974:the original
935:. Retrieved
931:
918:
911:Bibliography
893:Syngman Rhee
882:
861:
845:
834:
829:sōshi-kaimei
827:
825:
805:
799:the lead of
797:
761:Eulsa Treaty
742:
736:
733:Early career
728:
713:
709:World War II
679:
665:
664:
657:
556:Romanization
510:Romanization
450:World War II
443:Battles/wars
346:(1946-09-26)
324:4 March 1889
279:
261:
252:
242:
235:
228:
221:
214:"Hong Sa-ik"
209:
197:Please help
192:verification
189:
137:edit summary
128:
95:
87:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
1200:1946 deaths
1195:1889 births
1146:25 November
1022:25 November
980:24 November
879:Later views
672::
654:Korean name
573:Korean name
457:(1944–1945)
97:(July 2019)
1189:Categories
1119:2023-05-06
1076:2007-11-16
947:References
747:family in
701:war crimes
680:Kō Shiyoku
666:Hong Sa-ik
562:Kō Shiyoku
472:Hong Sa-ik
375:Allegiance
320:1889-03-04
299:Hong Sa-ik
225:newspapers
50:improve it
18:Hong Sa Ik
636:Hong Saik
622:Hong Saik
516:Hon Saiku
413:1914–1946
255:June 2017
155:talk page
92:in Korean
56:talk page
1093:Archived
905:Chinilpa
899:See also
776:陸軍中央幼年学校
724:Filipino
652:In this
393:Service/
131:provide
767:of the
749:Anseong
744:yangban
327:Anseong
239:scholar
153:to the
135:in the
94:.
937:6 June
864:Manila
757:Joseon
720:Allied
670:Korean
579:Hangul
539:こう しよく
493:ホン・サイク
395:branch
384:
351:Manila
335:Joseon
241:
234:
227:
220:
212:
593:Hanja
246:JSTOR
232:books
115:DeepL
1176:link
1169:help
1148:2006
1052:link
1045:help
1024:2006
982:2006
939:2017
686:洪 思翊
659:Hong
533:Kana
487:Kana
433:Unit
418:Rank
341:Died
314:Born
218:news
129:must
127:You
108:View
707:in
675:홍사익
599:洪思翊
585:홍사익
201:by
117:or
1191::
1160::
1158:}}
1154:{{
1036::
1034:}}
1030:{{
968:.
954:^
930:.
795:.
779:,
755:,
751:,
711:.
353:,
333:,
329:,
59:.
1178:)
1171:)
1167:(
1150:.
1122:.
1079:.
1054:)
1047:)
1043:(
1026:.
984:.
941:.
785:)
773:(
689:)
683:(
668:(
662:.
322:)
318:(
286:)
280:(
268:)
262:(
257:)
253:(
243:·
236:·
229:·
222:·
195:.
164:.
157:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
