Window - Knowledge (XXG)

2736: 2755: 2663: 276: 2522: 2430: 2388: 1100: 2850: 2920: 2617: 2904: 2785: 2888: 2800: 2816: 2770: 2495: 2574: 2869: 2709: 314: 2686: 2953: 1614: 2590: 305: 1605: 2554: 294: 1922: 1385: 2640: 2414: 2449: 323: 1952: 2935: 2472: 1286: 1245: 1691: 2831: 1933: 806: 664: 1001:. Currently, most new double-hung sash windows use spring balances to support the sashes, but traditionally, counterweights held in boxes on either side of the window were used. These were and are attached to the sashes using pulleys of either braided cord or, later, purpose-made chain. Three types of spring balances are called a tape or clock spring balance; channel or block-and-tackle balance, and a spiral or tube balance. 1652: 1060: 5021: 285: 1736: 679: 154: 2248:, due to the unavailability of large sheets of glass. Today, glazing bars tend to be decorative, separating windows into small panes of glass even though larger panes of glass are available, generally in a pattern dictated by the architectural style at use. Glazing bars are typically wooden, but occasionally lead glazing bars soldered in place are used for more intricate glazing patterns. 1525: 2195: 1317: 88: 47: 1017: 783:. Mullioned glass windows were the windows of choice among the European well-to-do, whereas paper windows were economical and widely used in ancient China, Korea, and Japan. In England, glass became common in the windows of ordinary homes only in the early-17th century, whereas windows made up of panes of flattened animal horn were used as early as the 14th century. 902:

health and well-being of those inhabiting buildings, lest they experience the detrimental effects of enclosed buildings devoid of windows. Among the myriad criteria for the design of windows, several pivotal criteria have emerged in daylight standards: location, time, weather, nature, and people. Of these criteria, windows that are designed to provide views of

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released, fully reverse and lock again for safe cleaning from inside. Modern pivot hinges incorporate a friction device to hold the window open against its weight and may have restriction and reversed locking built-in. In the UK, where this type of window is most common, they were extensively installed in high-rise social housing.

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going through the window, making the window itself a source of diffuse light (instead of just the surfaces and objects illuminated within the room). By increasing the indirect illumination of surfaces near the window, muntins tend to brighten the area immediately around a window and reduce the contrast of shadows within the room.

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to 90 degrees the window opens in the side hung mode. With the handle turned to 180 degrees the window opens in bottom hung mode. Most usually in the UK the windows will be "tilt first" i.e. bottom hung at 90 degrees for ventilation and side hung at 180 degrees for cleaning the outer face of the glass from inside the building.

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allow light and solar energy into a building while minimizing air leakage and heat loss. Properly positioning these windows in relation to sun, wind, and landscape—while properly shading them to limit excess heat gain in summer and shoulder seasons, and providing thermal mass to absorb energy during

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Modern aluminium window frames are typically separated by a thermal break made of a glass fibre reinforced polyamide. With a 34 mm thermal insulation profile it is possible to reach Uf= 1.3 W/m2K for a metal window. This greatly increases thermal resistance, while retaining virtually all of the

1818:, which overlaps the prepared opening, and can thus be 'nailed' into place. In the UK and mainland Europe, windows in new-build houses are usually fixed with long screws into expanding plastic plugs in the brickwork. A gap of up to 13 mm is left around all four sides, and filled with expanding 1172:

can both tilt inwards at the top or open inwards from hinges at the side. This is the most common type of window in Germany, its country of origin. It is also widespread in many other European countries. In Europe, it is usual for these to be of the "turn first" type. i.e. when the handle is turned

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is a window hung on one hinge on each of two opposite sides which allows the window to revolve when opened. The hinges may be mounted top and bottom (Vertically Pivoted) or at each jamb (Horizontally Pivoted). The window will usually open initially to a restricted position for ventilation and, once

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is the traditional style of window in the United Kingdom, and many other places that were formerly colonized by the UK, with two parts (sashes) that overlap slightly and slide up and down inside the frame. The two parts are not necessarily the same size; where the upper sash is smaller (shorter) it

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Up to about 1680 windows tended to be horizontal in proportion, a shape suitable for lighting the low-ceilinged rooms that had resulted from the insertion of the upper floor into the hall-house. After that date vertically proportioned windows came into fashion, partly at least as a response to the

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These are the pieces of framing that separate a larger window into smaller panes. In older windows, large panes of glass were quite expensive, so muntins let smaller panes fill a larger space. In modern windows, light-colored muntins still provide a useful function by reflecting some of the light

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out when the window is opened. Windows are primarily designed to facilitate a vital connection with the outdoors, offering those within the confines of the building visual access to the everchanging events occurring outside. The provision of this connection serves as an integral safeguard for the

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has two equal sashes similar to a standard double-hung but folds upward allowing air to pass through nearly the full-frame opening. The window is balanced using either springs or counterbalances, similar to a double-hung. The sashes can be either offset to simulate a double-hung, or in-line. The

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In general two or three windows united in a group, as was later the rule in Roman architecture, were even then of frequent occurrence in the early Christian architecture of Asia Minor. The form of the window is nearly everywhere the same; a rectangle that usually has a rounded top, but seldom a

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is a window with a hinged sash that swings in or out like a door comprising either a side-hung, top-hung (also called "awning window"; see below), or occasionally bottom-hung sash or a combination of these types, sometimes with fixed panels on one or more sides of the sash. In the US, these are

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Modern double-pane and triple-pane windows often include one or more low-e coatings to reduce the window's U-factor (its insulation value, specifically its rate of heat loss). In general, soft-coat low-e coatings tend to result in a lower solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) than hard-coat low-e

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to keep out light, provide additional insulation, or ensure privacy. Windows allow natural light to enter, but too much can have negative effects such as glare and heat gain. Additionally, while windows let the user see outside, there must be a way to maintain privacy on in the inside. Window

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that could be opened and closed came next. Over time, windows were built that both protected the inhabitants from the elements and transmitted light, using multiple small pieces of translucent material, such as flattened pieces of translucent animal horn, paper sheets, thin slices of

2754: 2521: 1668:(and usually in acoustic insulation as well) and are resistant to fogging and frosting caused by temperature differential. They are widely used for residential and commercial construction in intemperate climates. In the UK, double-paned and triple-paned are referred to as double- 2387: 3371:

The casual, spread-out ranch house by 1950 accounted for nine out of ten new houses. Its one extravagance was a large window facing the street - the picture window. As far as I have been able to determine, picture windows made their first appearance in Levittown,

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Double panel windows, also sometimes called dual pane windows, are windows that have two panes of glass inset into the frame of the window. The panes of glass are separated, creating an insulating air pocket that inhibits heat transfer much better than single pane

1588:. Sometimes these are set in pairs or multiples thereof along the exterior wall of a very large room, but often, one French window is placed centrally in a typically sized room, perhaps among other fixed windows flanking the feature. French windows are known as 2364:

is a shade or screen that provides multiple functions. Some coverings, such as drapes and blinds provide occupants with privacy. Some window coverings control solar heat gain and glare. There are external shading devices and internal shading devices. Low-e

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inline versions can be made to fold inward or outward. The inward swinging foldup windows can have fixed screens, while the outward swinging ones require movable screens. The windows are typically used for screen rooms, kitchen pass-throughs, or egress.

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window is often fixed, in an interior door, it can open either by hinges at top or bottom, or rotate on hinges. It provided ventilation before forced air heating and cooling. A fan-shaped transom is known as a fanlight, especially in the British Isles.

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have two parallel panes (slabs of glass) with a separation of typically about 1 cm; this space is permanently sealed and filled at the time of manufacture with dry air or other dry nonreactive gas. Such windows provide a marked improvement in

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applies to casement windows to determine direction of swing; a casement window may be left-handed, right-handed, or double. The casement window is the dominant type now found in modern buildings in the UK and many other parts of Europe.

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is a form of bay window. This form most often appears in Tudor-style houses and monasteries. It projects from the wall and does not extend to the ground. Originally a form of porch, they are often supported by brackets or corbels.

1814:, in the US, means a window with a nailing fin that is inserted into a rough opening from the outside before applying siding and inside trim. A nailing fin is a projection on the outer frame of the window in the same plane as the 2300:

An alternative method is to calculate an optimum window mounting angle that accounts for summer sun load minimization, with consideration of actual latitude of the building. This process has been implemented, for example, in the

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jars (cylindrical shapes) flattened out into sheets with circular striation patterns throughout. It would be over a millennium before window glass became transparent enough to see through clearly, as we expect now. In 1154,

748:), or pieces of glass, set in frameworks of wood, iron or lead. In the Far East, paper was used to fill windows. The Romans were the first known users of glass for windows, exploiting a technology likely first developed in 1440:, windows are large semicircular windows (or niches) which are usually divided into three lights (window compartments) by two mullions. The central compartment is often wider than the two side lights on either side of it. 2708: 1807:

in the United States means a framed window designed to slip inside the original window frame from the inside after the old sashes are removed. In Europe, it usually means a complete window including a replacement outer

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Historically, windows are designed with surfaces parallel to vertical building walls. Such a design allows considerable solar light and heat penetration due to the most commonly occurring incidence of sun angles. In

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PVC and fiberglass frames perform well in accelerated weathering tests. Because PVC is not as strong as other materials, some PVC frames are reinforced with metal or composite materials to improve their structural

2413: 1708:-shaped window, resembling a bee cell or crystal lattice of graphite. The window can be vertically or horizontally oriented, openable or dead. It can also be regular or elongately-shaped and can have a separator ( 2429: 1505:

is a window big enough and low enough so that occupants can escape through the opening in an emergency, such as a fire. In many countries, exact specifications for emergency windows in bedrooms are given in many

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A special class of PVC window frames, uPVC window frames, became widespread since the late 20th century, particularly in Europe: there were 83.5 million installed by 1998 with numbers still growing as of 2012.

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is an additional frame applied to the inside of an existing frame, usually used on protected or listed buildings to achieve higher levels of thermal and sound insulation without compromising the look of the

1008:. Sash windows can be fitted with simplex hinges that let the window be locked into hinges on one side, while the rope on the other side is detached—so the window can be opened for fire escape or cleaning. 967:

are often fixed. Transom windows may be fixed or operable. This type of window is used in situations where light or vision alone is needed as no ventilation is possible in such windows without the use of

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AD. Presentations of windows can be seen in ancient Egyptian wall art and sculptures from Assyria. Paper windows were economical and widely used in ancient China, Korea, and Japan. In England,

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heat transfer due to their low thermal conductivity. Performance of such units depends on good window seals and meticulous frame construction to prevent entry of air and loss of efficiency.

2849: 2815: 2191:(also known as Hybrid Windows) are start since early 1998 and combine materials like aluminium + pvc or wood to obtain aesthetics of one material with the functional benefits of another. 1913:). Two other, preliminary European Norms that are under development deal with internal pedestrian doors (prEN 14351–2), smoke and fire resisting doors, and openable windows (prEN 16034). 2952: 1510:. Specifications for such windows may also allow for the entrance of emergency rescuers. Vehicles, such as buses, aircraft, and trains frequently have emergency exit windows as well. 1712:). Typically, the cellular window is used for an attic or as a decorative feature, but it can also be a major architectural element to provide the natural lighting inside buildings. 2573: 2553: 2868: 779:

and produce thinner rectangular window panes from the same amount of glass material. This gave rise to tall narrow windows, usually separated by a vertical support called a

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In the 13th century BC, the earliest windows were unglazed openings in a roof to admit light during the day. Later, windows were covered with animal hide, cloth, or wood.

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not only provide a clear view and illuminate rooms, but also convert sunlight to electricity for the building. In most cases, translucent photovoltaic cells are used.

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Last Harvest: From Cornfield to New Town: Real Estate Development from George Washington to the Builders of the Twenty-First Century, and Why We Live in Houses Anyway

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The place of the window was determined by the architectural membering of the basilica, the distance between two columns generally indicating the position of a window.

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is a window (more usually a door-sized window) where the sash tilts inwards at the top similar to a hopper window and then slides horizontally behind the fixed pane.

1119:. In addition to being used independently, they can be stacked, several in one opening, or combined with fixed glass. They are particularly useful for ventilation. 2639: 3773: 984:

is a window that has one sash that is movable (usually the bottom one) and the other fixed. This is the earlier form of sliding sash window and is also cheaper.

1099: 3903: 2448: 1552:, frequently portraying persons or scenes. Typically the glass in these windows is separated by lead glazing bars. Stained glass windows were popular in 2369:

is a low-cost alternative to window replacement to transform existing poorly-insulating windows into energy-efficient windows. For high-rise buildings,

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A roof lantern is a multi-paned glass structure, resembling a small building, built on a roof for day or moon light. Sometimes includes an additional

1132: 2471: 517:, the Old Norse form has survived to this day (in Icelandic only as a less used word for a type of small open "window", not strictly a synonym for 2240:

Modern windows are usually glazed with one large sheet of glass per sash, while windows in the past were glazed with multiple panes separated by

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is a window that cannot be opened, whose function is limited to allowing light to enter (unlike an unfixed window, which can open and close).

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windows but also to a long-standing motif of pointed or rounded window-shapes in ecclesiastical buildings, still seen in many churches today.

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has two rows of upright rectangular glass panes (lights) extending its full length; and two of these doors on an exterior wall and without a

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Renaissance taste for the high ceiling. Since 1914 the wheel has come full circle and a horizontally proportioned window is again favoured.

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100 CE, cast-glass windows, albeit with poor optical properties, began to appear, but these were small thick productions, little more than

98: 1230:, usually using a crank or a lever. They are used extensively in tropical architecture. A jalousie door is a door with a jalousie window. 420:, awning windows, hopper windows, tilt, and slide windows (often door-sized), tilt and turn windows, transom windows, sidelight windows, 3582: 1724:

is a window that opens vertically. Guillotine windows have more than one sliding frame, and open from bottom to top or top to bottom.

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often dictated by the building's architectural style. Due to the historic unavailability of large panes of glass, the multi-lit (or

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set in a frame in the opening; the sash and frame are also referred to as a window. Many glazed windows may be opened, to allow

5051: 3167: 313: 4007: 2439: 175: 3904:"Global Vinyl Windows Market to Reach 163 Million Units by 2017, According to a New Report by Global Industry Analysts, Inc" 2218:, which, depending on which surface is coated, helps prevent heat loss (in cold climates) or heat gains (in warm climates). 1041:

has two or more sashes that overlap slightly but slide horizontally within the frame. In the UK, these are sometimes called

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became common in the windows of ordinary homes only in the early 17th century whereas windows made up of panes of flattened

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The European harmonised standard hEN 14351–1, which deals with doors and windows, defines 23 characteristics (divided into

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EN 12519 is the European standard that describes windows terms officially used in EU Member States. The main terms are:

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came to be used by pioneering settlers. Modern-style floor-to-ceiling windows became possible only after the industrial

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is a multi-panel window, with at least three panels set at different angles to create a protrusion from the wall line.

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is the bottom piece in a window frame. Window sills slant outward to drain water away from the inside of the building.

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processes were perfected. Modern windows are usually filled using glass, although transparent plastic is also used.

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High thermal resistance can be obtained by evacuating or filling the insulated glazing units with gases such as

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from the 12th century CE built on a tradition of arched windows inserted between columns, and led not only to

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is a bottom-pivoting casement window that opens by tilting vertically, typically to the inside, resembling a

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is a window consisting of at least one sliding glass component, typically composed of two lites (known as a

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and triple-glazing. Triple-paned windows are now a common type of glazing in central to northern Europe.

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is a window built into a roof structure. This type of window allows for natural daylight and moonlight.

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window glass plate dated to 1st to 4th century CE. Note the obvious curvature; this is not a flat pane

322: 4940: 4716: 4446: 4299: 3008: 3003: 2983: 2894: 2668: 2595: 2500: 2454: 2349: 2306: 1874: 1541: 1529: 717: 584: 3819:"Saving Windows, Saving Money: Evaluating the Energy Performance of Window Retrofit and Replacement" 1951: 579:

is first recorded in the early 13th century, and originally referred to an unglazed hole in a roof.

4913: 4721: 3665: 3613: 2978: 2435: 2327: 1460:) near the edge of the window. Picture windows provide an unimpeded view, as if framing a picture. 1252: 964: 847: 776: 686:. Note the asymmetrical, slanted left side of the wall-frame, which lets sun rays reach the chancel 186: 1622:

A "French window" (two French doors on an exterior wall hinged to open outward together without a

4846: 4701: 4360: 4000: 3408: 3315:. Vol. 5: 1640-1750 2: Agrarian change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 781. 3206: 2745: 2560: 2188: 2036: 1989: 1665: 1581: 1557: 765: 683: 629:

in English is probably because of the Scandinavian influence on the English language by means of

514: 506: 4559: 1285: 3942: 3932:. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Architecture. Design Evaluation Project. 1690: 4738: 4645: 4451: 3883: 3737: 3733: 3588: 3526: 3501: 3474: 3437: 3353: 3343: 3316: 3229: 3177: 3163: 3013: 2910: 2859: 2695: 2481: 2310: 1960: 1926: 1898: 1819: 1673: 1646: 1561: 1437: 1431: 1194:

Windows beside a door or window are called side-, wing-, margen-lights, and flanking windows.

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is a rectangular window usually divided into four lights by a mullion and transom that form a

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is the moulding, cornices and lintels often decorating the surrounding edges of the window.

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is typically used to control the amount of solar light and heat entering the window(s).

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Over the centuries techniques were developed to shear through one side of a blown glass

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Peter Smith discusses overall trends in early-modern rural Welsh window architecture:

805: 5040: 4753: 4670: 4610: 4522: 4493: 4165: 4127: 4081: 3993: 3412: 3277: 3250: 2718: 2322: 1553: 1519: 1507: 1083: 886: 843: 837: 760: 465: 433: 3980: 211: 4903: 4773: 4660: 4655: 4625: 4605: 4498: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4437: 4389: 4384: 4279: 4139: 3043: 2878: 2840: 2400: 1759:, sill and jambs), usually filled with a glass pane. Multiple panes are divided by 1412: 1357: 1321: 1079: 969: 920: 898: 769: 469: 453: 445: 402: 3608: 3546: 3404: 678: 284: 3386:"Predicting Window View Preferences Using the Environmental Information Criteria" 3347: 3310: 1822:. This makes the window fixing weatherproof but allows for expansion due to heat. 4996: 4981: 4793: 4630: 4546: 4537: 4517: 4488: 4422: 4093: 4086: 4071: 4056: 4051: 4041: 4028: 3804:

Carmody, J., Selkowitz, S., Lee, E. S., Arasteh, D., & Willmert, T. (2004).

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Modern-style floor-to-ceiling windows became possible only after the industrial

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described glass windows as a feature of the palace belonging to the king of the

749: 721: 713: 461: 441: 413: 382: 153: 66: 3138:"Hvaðan kemur orðið gluggi? Af hverju notum við ekki vindauga samanber window?" 1524: 5006: 4976: 4908: 4798: 4711: 4680: 4665: 4615: 4584: 4251: 4236: 4066: 4046: 4036: 3985: 3879:

Novel and Traditional Fillers for Plastics: Technology and Market Developments

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structure. It is one of the few windows that could be used as an exit. Larger

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the day and release it when temperatures cool at night—increases comfort and

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is a compound window pane madeup of small pieces of glass held together in a

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A typical installation of insulated glazing windows with uPVC window frames.

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were used as early as the 14th century. In the 19th century American west,

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sash windows, presumably because of their traditional use in that county.

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is a window glazed with small panes of glass separated by wooden or lead

1325: 1305: 1280: 1078:, but in parts of Europe, they tend to use projection friction stays and 630: 468:

windows, French windows, panel windows, double/triple-paned windows, and

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a well-maintained wood window built before 1950 can last 50–100 years

1202: 4822: 4507: 4483: 4456: 4417: 4351: 4309: 4272: 4262: 4185: 4178: 4134: 4061: 2691: 2485: 2261: 1826: 1764: 1631: 1533: 1457: 1367: 1298: 1215: 1207: 1116: 940: 903: 741: 670:"mullion"-divided decorative windows in Santa Maria La Major church ( 598:'eye-door'. Many Germanic languages, however, adopted the Latin word 425: 3571:. 2nd ed. Oxford England: Oxford University Press, 2006. 285. Print. 1963:

units consist of two or more panes to reduce the transfer of heat.

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A transom window is a window above a door. In an exterior door the

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remains as a term for a hole through the roof of a hut, and in the

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NKBA (National Kitchen and Bath Association) (October 29, 2013).

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Windows can be a significant source of heat transfer. Therefore,

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is used in two ways: a curved top window in a wall or an eyebrow

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technology made possible the introduction of picture windows (in

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Fage, J. D. (1957). "Ancient Ghana: A Review Of The Evidence".

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Very high windows in the entrance to a residential building in

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Washington Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation

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Double-hung sash windows were traditionally often fitted with

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is still used to describe the arrangement of windows within a

366: 147: 81: 40: 1791:, etc., refer to the number of these glass panes in a window. 1580:

separating them, that open outward with opposing hinges to a

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Oxford Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture

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Resource Library – National Trust for Historic Preservation

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window of a house on Strada Jean-Louis Calderon (Bucharest)

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and glare, by canting windows to nearly a 45 degree angle.

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Examples of modern plastic and wooden window profiles with

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Frames and sashes can be made of the following materials:

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window of the Stroescu House on Strada Dianei (Bucharest)

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coverings are practical accommodations for these issues.

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mostly thermally broken by a thermal insulation profile

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Foldup window (inward swinging), cross-section side view

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A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture

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Kitchen & Bath Residential Construction and Systems

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Modern wooden framed window fitted in the 14th century

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the window shut or to hold it open by various amounts.

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Serving window of a Mexican restaurant in the city of

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Window with shutters of the Lutheran wooden church in

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house with stained glass windows on Stillemansstraat (

365:

and may also allow the passage of sound and sometimes

2166: 2164: 1877:, best values are around U-0.15 (equal to 0.8 W/m2/K) 1452:

is a large fixed window in a wall, typically without

1830:

is a beam over the top of a window, also known as a

1596:

in Italy, and frequently are used in modern houses.

116:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a 4959: 4772: 4689: 4536: 4379: 4209: 4153: 4027: 3732:(2, illustrated ed.). Nelson Thornes. p. 1755:, is the area between the outer parts of a window ( 906:are considered to be the most important by people. 694:for windows, a technology likely first produced in 641:was used as a parallel until the mid-18th century. 178:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3455:American Architecture: An Illustrated Encyclopedia 3525:(3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. p. 654. 2793:window of a house on Bulevardul Dacia (Bucharest) 1544:is a window composed of pieces of colored glass, 1082:locking. Formerly, plain hinges were used with a 408:Types include the eyebrow window, fixed windows, 3808:. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 1456:, or glazed with only perfunctory glazing bars ( 1320:Hexagonal external cladding panels of a roof in 1111:is a casement window that is hung horizontally, 3199:Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana 2778:windows of a building in Place du Caire (Paris) 564: 550: 543: 518: 500: 494: 488: 3967:. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. 3228:. Eyewitness. Dorling Kindersley. p. 16. 1348:meet building codes for emergency evacuation. 4001: 3965:Windows: Performance, design and installation 3963:Beckett, H. E., & Godfrey, J. A. (1974). 3806:Window Systems for High-Performance Buildings 3436:, 2nd ed., OUP, Oxford and New York, p. 214. 3352:. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 207. 611: 528: 8: 3849:"Windows: Energy Efficiency Facts and Myths" 3169:Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set 1783:is a unit of one non-moving lite. The terms 620: 537: 3981:Roman Glass from Metropolitan Museum of Art 2744:group of windows, on a lateral side of the 2579:Flamboyant Gothic window of a stair tower ( 599: 75:Learn how and when to remove these messages 4008: 3994: 3986: 3882:. iSmithers Rapra Publishing. p. 95. 3825:. National Trust for Historic Preservation 2056:has a life span of 25–50 years in average 1115:on top, so that it swings outward like an 3384:Kent, Michael; Schiavon, Stefano (2022). 3312:The Agrarian History of England and Wales 3305:(1985). "21 Rural Building in Wales". In 2928:windows of the Cité de la musique (Paris) 2809:Classicist windows on Rue Molitor (Paris) 1259:A clerestory window is a window set in a 604:to describe a window with glass, such as 569:) word is pronounced fairly similarly to 256:Learn how and when to remove this message 238:Learn how and when to remove this message 136:Learn how and when to remove this message 3943:"MIT opens new 'window' on solar energy" 3567:Curl, James Stevens. "Flanking window". 3523:Fundamentals of Residential Construction 3494:Nielson, Karla J. (September 15, 1989). 3096: 3094: 3092: 1982: 1870:Window Label lists the following terms: 1676:is now being introduced in Scandinavia. 1528:Sunlight shining through stained glass, 592:, which literally means 'eye-hole', and 3906:. PRWeb. April 18, 2012. Archived from 3842: 3840: 3547:"Tilt-and-Turn Windows Gain Popularity" 3056: 2380: 2160: 1222:consists of parallel slats of glass or 690:The Romans were the first known to use 523:, the Icelandic word for 'window'). In 3584:Construction Estimating Reference Data 3279:"Windows in Church Architecture" 3252:"Windows in Church Architecture" 1263:structure or high in a wall, used for 655:, meaning 'to throw out of a window'. 97:contains content that is written like 3500:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 45. 2214:coated panes reduce heat transfer by 1560:houses, and are especially common in 7: 3521:Allen, Edward; Thallon, Rob (2011). 176:adding citations to reliable sources 2541:Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Strasbourg 3930:Designing for the Elderly; Windows 3276:Kleinschmidt, Beda Julius (1912). 3249:Kleinschmidt, Beda Julius (1912). 2129:typically welded at corner joints 25: 3715:Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary 3695:Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary 56:This article has multiple issues. 5020: 5019: 3124:"New Oxford American Dictionary" 2951: 2933: 2918: 2902: 2886: 2867: 2848: 2829: 2814: 2798: 2783: 2768: 2753: 2734: 2707: 2684: 2661: 2638: 2615: 2588: 2572: 2552: 2531:stained glass window with Kings 2520: 2493: 2470: 2447: 2428: 2412: 2386: 1955:5-chamber plastic window profile 1875:Thermal transmittance (U-factor) 1612: 1603: 804: 727:processes were fully perfected. 321: 312: 303: 292: 283: 274: 152: 86: 45: 3847:Peterson Wasielewski, Shannon. 3104:. The Free Dictionary By Farlex 1584:or porch, are referred to as a 1289:Sidewalk skylight (also named ' 163:needs additional citations for 64:or discuss these issues on the 2559:North transept windows in the 2399:window grill from a palace of 1039:horizontal sliding sash window 1: 3405:10.1080/15502724.2022.2077753 2340:Passive solar building design 2291:passive solar building design 756: 702: 369:. Modern windows are usually 27:Opening to admit light or air 3945:. Web.mit.edu. July 10, 2008 3876:Pritchard, Geoffrey (1999). 3432:Curl, James Stevens (2006). 2729:-derived ornament at the top 2373:can provide an alternative. 1336:is a sloped window used for 460:, windows, picture windows, 361:that allows the exchange of 1976:Frame and sash construction 1881:Solar heat gain coefficient 1482:, arranged in a decorative 1226:that open and close like a 331:Various examples of windows 5073: 3928:Howell, Sandra C. (1976). 3718:, access date July 4, 2017 3698:, access date July 4, 2017 3587:. Craftsman Book Company. 2405:Metropolitan Museum of Art 2337: 2320: 2279:Daylighting (architecture) 2276: 2256:Many windows have movable 2252:Other construction details 1683: 1644: 1517: 1429: 1410: 1377: 1355: 1277:Daylighting (architecture) 1274: 1237: 1052: 835: 563:. The Danish (but not the 480:The English language-word 464:, emergency exit windows, 29: 5015: 3473:. John Wiley & Sons. 3457:. New York: W. W. Norton. 3453:Harris, Cyril M. (1998). 2945:Cathedral Plaza Bucharest 2104:used in modern buildings 373:or covered in some other 4729:Multi-family residential 3224:Langley, Andrew (2011). 2600:Valday Iversky Monastery 2505:Jameh Mosque of Nishapur 2078:typically > 95% 1626:separating them) at the 1546:transparent, translucent 682:Alabaster window in the 36:Windows (disambiguation) 1899:Condensation resistance 1812:New construction window 1366:. May also be called a 1074:usually opened using a 1033:Horizontal sliding sash 982:single-hung sash window 889:or mesh, often made of 876:Levittown, Pennsylvania 637:. In English, the word 594: 588: 501: 495: 489: 389:, or closed to exclude 32:Window (disambiguation) 5052:Architectural elements 2627:Stavropoleos Monastery 2199: 1956: 1948: 1929: 1744: 1739:Casement window, with 1697: 1657: 1537: 1396: 1329: 1301: 1256: 1211: 1104: 1066: 1021: 878:, founded 1951–1952). 868: 846:into Western European 687: 675: 621: 612: 600: 565: 551: 544: 538: 529: 519: 3757:Windows and Heat Loss 3730:Carpentry and Joinery 3728:Brett, Peter (2004). 3285:Catholic Encyclopedia 3258:Catholic Encyclopedia 2345:Passive solar windows 2197: 1954: 1935: 1924: 1887:Visible transmittance 1738: 1693: 1654: 1634:, early 20th century. 1527: 1494:Emergency exit/egress 1387: 1319: 1288: 1247: 1205: 1158:tilt and slide window 1102: 1062: 1019: 863: 718:greased paper windows 681: 666: 559:is lost, just as for 555:, the direct link to 393:. Windows may have a 118:neutral point of view 3763:Heat Loss Fact Sheet 3581:Sarviel, Ed (1993). 3009:Greased paper window 3004:Glass mullion system 2717:round window of the 2328:Photovoltaic windows 2307:Brisbane, California 2181:structural strength. 1661:Double-paned windows 1542:stained glass window 1530:Nasir-ol-molk Mosque 1170:tilt and turn window 972:or overglass vents. 842:The introduction of 484:originates from the 172:improve this article 30:For other uses, see 4175: / Guest room 3910:on January 31, 2013 3786:on November 6, 2013 3666:The Free Dictionary 3614:The Free Dictionary 2979:Architectural glass 2457:latticed window in 2284:Sun incidence angle 2207:Glazing and filling 1854:Decorative millwork 1763:when load-bearing, 965:church architecture 885:windows may have a 848:church architecture 797:Fashions and trends 752:. Specifically, in 110:promotional content 4651:Servants' quarters 3344:Rybczynski, Witold 2746:Romanian Athenaeum 2725:, France), with a 2561:Chartres Cathedral 2440:Kalleshvara Temple 2200: 1990:Thermal resistance 1957: 1949: 1930: 1866:The United States 1805:Replacement window 1745: 1698: 1666:thermal insulation 1658: 1538: 1397: 1330: 1302: 1257: 1212: 1105: 1067: 1022: 816:. You can help by 688: 684:Valencia Cathedral 676: 112:and inappropriate 5034: 5033: 4452:Janitorial closet 4186:Bedsit / Miniflat 3889:978-1-85957-183-5 3743:978-0-7487-8502-5 3594:978-0-934041-84-3 3532:978-0-470-54083-1 3497:Window Treatments 3480:978-1-118-71104-0 3442:978-0-19-860678-9 3235:978-1-4053-4545-3 3183:978-1-135-45670-2 3164:Kevin Shillington 3014:Insulated glazing 2895:Born auf dem Darß 2860:Reliance Building 2482:Little Metropolis 2350:energy efficiency 2311:over-illumination 2273:Impact of the sun 2157: 2156: 2003:Recycled content 1961:insulated glazing 1927:insulated glazing 1846:Secondary glazing 1820:polyurethane foam 1722:guillotine window 1716:Guillotine window 1674:Quadruple glazing 1647:Insulated glazing 1628:Embassy of France 1470:multi-lite window 1432:Diocletian window 947:in Pennsylvania. 945:James-Lorah House 834: 833: 410:hexagonal windows 391:inclement weather 266: 265: 258: 248: 247: 240: 222: 146: 145: 138: 79: 16:(Redirected from 5064: 5023: 5022: 4992:Home improvement 4764:Studio apartment 4556:Kitchen-related 4232:Conversation pit 4019:and spaces of a 4010: 4003: 3996: 3987: 3968: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3939: 3933: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3853: 3844: 3835: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3815: 3809: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3785: 3779:. Archived from 3778: 3770: 3764: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3725: 3719: 3705: 3699: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3657: 3651: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3641: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3609:"Picture window" 3605: 3599: 3598: 3578: 3572: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3491: 3485: 3484: 3464: 3458: 3451: 3445: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3390: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3368: 3366: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3288:. Vol. 15. 3281: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3264:straight lintel. 3261:. Vol. 15. 3254: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3134: 3128: 3127: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3098: 3087: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3068: 3039:Window treatment 2955: 2937: 2922: 2906: 2890: 2871: 2852: 2833: 2818: 2802: 2791:Romanian Revival 2787: 2776:Egyptian Revival 2772: 2757: 2738: 2711: 2688: 2665: 2642: 2619: 2604:Lake Valdayskoye 2592: 2576: 2556: 2524: 2497: 2474: 2451: 2432: 2416: 2394:Ancient Egyptian 2390: 2258:window coverings 2229:, which reduces 2182: 2178: 2172: 2168: 1983: 1967:Grids or muntins 1702:hexagonal window 1695:Hexagonal window 1686:Hexagonal window 1680:Hexagonal window 1616: 1607: 1556:houses and some 1295:Burlington House 1214:Also known as a 988:Double-hung sash 976:Single-hung sash 829: 826: 808: 801: 758: 707: 704: 624: 615: 603: 597: 591: 568: 554: 549: 541: 532: 522: 504: 498: 492: 418:casement windows 325: 316: 307: 296: 287: 278: 261: 254: 243: 236: 232: 229: 223: 221: 180: 156: 148: 141: 134: 130: 127: 121: 99:an advertisement 90: 89: 82: 71: 49: 48: 41: 21: 5072: 5071: 5067: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5037: 5036: 5035: 5030: 5026:Category: Rooms 5011: 4955: 4776: 4768: 4734:Secondary suite 4685: 4560:butler's pantry 4532: 4475:Mechanical room 4428:Electrical room 4387: 4375: 4205: 4149: 4123:Recreation room 4023: 4014: 3977: 3972: 3971: 3962: 3958: 3948: 3946: 3941: 3940: 3936: 3927: 3923: 3913: 3911: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3890: 3875: 3874: 3870: 3860: 3858: 3851: 3846: 3845: 3838: 3828: 3826: 3817: 3816: 3812: 3803: 3799: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3776: 3774:"CPR guideline" 3772: 3771: 3767: 3755: 3751: 3744: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3706: 3702: 3686: 3682: 3672: 3670: 3661:"Stained glass" 3659: 3658: 3654: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3595: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3566: 3562: 3552: 3550: 3549:. June 11, 2021 3545: 3544: 3540: 3533: 3520: 3519: 3515: 3508: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3481: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3452: 3448: 3431: 3427: 3417: 3415: 3388: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3342: 3341: 3337: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3301: 3300: 3296: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3236: 3223: 3222: 3218: 3196: 3195: 3191: 3184: 3176:. p. 564. 3162: 3161: 3157: 3147: 3145: 3142:Vísindavefurinn 3136: 3135: 3131: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3107: 3105: 3100: 3099: 3090: 3080: 3078: 3070: 3069: 3058: 3053: 3048: 2989:Demerara window 2969: 2962: 2956: 2947: 2938: 2929: 2923: 2914: 2907: 2898: 2891: 2882: 2877:windows of the 2872: 2863: 2856:Chicago windows 2853: 2844: 2834: 2825: 2819: 2810: 2803: 2794: 2788: 2779: 2773: 2764: 2758: 2749: 2739: 2730: 2712: 2703: 2694:windows of the 2689: 2680: 2673:Palazzo Sormani 2666: 2657: 2650:Hôtel d'Assézat 2643: 2634: 2620: 2611: 2608:Novgorod Oblast 2593: 2584: 2577: 2568: 2557: 2548: 2525: 2516: 2498: 2489: 2475: 2466: 2452: 2443: 2433: 2424: 2417: 2408: 2407:(New York City) 2391: 2382:Various windows 2379: 2362:window covering 2358: 2342: 2336: 2325: 2319: 2286: 2281: 2275: 2254: 2209: 2186: 2185: 2179: 2175: 2169: 2162: 1978: 1969: 1919: 1864: 1730: 1718: 1688: 1682: 1649: 1643: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1609: 1608: 1570: 1522: 1516: 1496: 1484:glazing pattern 1466: 1446: 1434: 1428: 1415: 1409: 1382: 1376: 1360: 1354: 1340:, built into a 1314: 1283: 1275:Main articles: 1273: 1251:windows in the 1242: 1236: 1220:jalousie window 1200: 1198:Jalousie window 1192: 1179: 1166: 1154: 1141: 1125: 1097: 1071:casement window 1064:Casement window 1057: 1055:Casement window 1051: 1035: 1014: 990: 978: 953: 933: 917: 912: 840: 830: 824: 821: 814:needs expansion 799: 733: 705: 661: 535:Danish language 478: 377:or translucent 335: 334: 333: 332: 328: 327: 326: 318: 317: 309: 308: 299: 298: 297: 289: 288: 280: 279: 262: 251: 250: 249: 244: 233: 227: 224: 181: 179: 169: 157: 142: 131: 125: 122: 103: 91: 87: 50: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 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4339: 4338: 4337: 4332: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4276: 4275: 4265: 4256: 4255: 4254: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4213: 4211: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4182: 4181: 4170: 4169: 4168: 4157: 4155: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4131: 4130: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4096: 4091: 4090: 4089: 4084: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4033: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4015: 4013: 4012: 4005: 3998: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3976: 3975:External links 3973: 3970: 3969: 3956: 3934: 3921: 3895: 3888: 3868: 3836: 3810: 3797: 3765: 3749: 3742: 3720: 3700: 3680: 3652: 3628: 3600: 3593: 3573: 3560: 3538: 3531: 3513: 3506: 3486: 3479: 3459: 3446: 3425: 3399:(2): 190–209. 3376: 3358: 3335: 3321: 3294: 3268: 3241: 3234: 3216: 3189: 3182: 3155: 3144:(in Icelandic) 3129: 3115: 3088: 3055: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2994:Display window 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 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article: 1235: 1232: 1228:Venetian blind 1199: 1196: 1191: 1188: 1178: 1175: 1165: 1162: 1153: 1152:Tilt and slide 1150: 1140: 1137: 1124: 1121: 1096: 1093: 1053:Main article: 1050: 1047: 1034: 1031: 1013: 1010: 999:cottage window 989: 986: 977: 974: 952: 949: 937:eyebrow window 932: 929: 916: 913: 911: 908: 870:The spread of 854:and elaborate 844:lancet windows 832: 831: 811: 809: 798: 795: 732: 729: 660: 657: 652:defenestration 542:and Norwegian 477: 474: 456:, thermal, or 434:lancet windows 330: 329: 320: 319: 311: 310: 302: 301: 300: 291: 290: 282: 281: 273: 272: 271: 270: 269: 264: 263: 246: 245: 160: 158: 151: 144: 143: 114:external links 94: 92: 85: 80: 54: 53: 51: 44: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5069: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5027: 5018: 5017: 5014: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 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4523:Wiring closet 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4494:Semi-basement 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4327: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4274: 4271: 4270: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4257: 4253: 4250: 4249: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4162: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4154:Private rooms 4152: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4129: 4128:billiard room 4126: 4125: 4124: 4121: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4109: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4082:dirty kitchen 4080: 4079: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4011: 4006: 4004: 3999: 3997: 3992: 3991: 3988: 3982: 3979: 3978: 3974: 3966: 3960: 3957: 3944: 3938: 3935: 3931: 3925: 3922: 3909: 3905: 3899: 3896: 3891: 3885: 3881: 3880: 3872: 3869: 3857: 3850: 3843: 3841: 3837: 3824: 3820: 3814: 3811: 3807: 3801: 3798: 3782: 3775: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3753: 3750: 3745: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3724: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3710: 3709:French window 3704: 3701: 3697: 3696: 3691: 3690: 3684: 3681: 3668: 3667: 3662: 3656: 3653: 3638: 3632: 3629: 3616: 3615: 3610: 3604: 3601: 3596: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3577: 3574: 3570: 3564: 3561: 3548: 3542: 3539: 3534: 3528: 3524: 3517: 3514: 3509: 3507:0-471-28946-9 3503: 3499: 3498: 3490: 3487: 3482: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3463: 3460: 3456: 3450: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3429: 3426: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3387: 3380: 3377: 3373: 3372:Pennsylvania. 3361: 3359:9780743235976 3355: 3351: 3350: 3345: 3339: 3336: 3324: 3322:9780521257756 3318: 3314: 3313: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3286: 3280: 3272: 3269: 3265: 3260: 3259: 3253: 3245: 3242: 3237: 3231: 3227: 3226:Medieval Life 3220: 3217: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3193: 3190: 3185: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3159: 3156: 3148:September 17, 3143: 3139: 3133: 3130: 3125: 3119: 3116: 3103: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3077: 3073: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3050: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2954: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2931: 2927: 2921: 2916: 2912: 2905: 2900: 2896: 2889: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2870: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2832: 2827: 2823: 2817: 2812: 2808: 2805:19th century 2801: 2796: 2792: 2786: 2781: 2777: 2771: 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The use of 623: 619: 614: 610: 607: 602: 596: 590: 586: 583:replaced the 582: 578: 574: 572: 567: 562: 558: 553: 548: 547: 540: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 512: 508: 503: 497: 491: 487: 483: 475: 473: 471: 470:witch windows 467: 466:stained glass 463: 459: 455: 454:oriel windows 451: 447: 446:roof lanterns 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 406: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 324: 315: 306: 295: 286: 277: 268: 260: 257: 242: 239: 231: 220: 217: 213: 210: 206: 203: 199: 196: 192: 189: – 188: 184: 183:Find sources: 177: 173: 167: 166: 161:This article 159: 155: 150: 149: 140: 137: 129: 119: 115: 111: 107: 101: 100: 95:This article 93: 84: 83: 78: 76: 69: 68: 63: 62: 57: 52: 43: 42: 37: 33: 19: 18:Hopper window 4950: 4904:Roof lantern 4656:Smoking room 4626:Long gallery 4606:Drawing room 4592:Conservatory 4499:Storm cellar 4470:Storage room 4466:Utility room 4462:Laundry room 4438:Furnace room 4029:Shared rooms 3964: 3959: 3949:February 11, 3947:. Retrieved 3937: 3929: 3924: 3914:February 11, 3912:. Retrieved 3908:the original 3898: 3878: 3871: 3859:. Retrieved 3855: 3827:. Retrieved 3822: 3813: 3805: 3800: 3790:February 13, 3788:. Retrieved 3781:the original 3768: 3752: 3729: 3723: 3713: 3707: 3703: 3693: 3687: 3683: 3671:. Retrieved 3664: 3655: 3645:February 11, 3643:. Retrieved 3631: 3619:. Retrieved 3612: 3603: 3583: 3576: 3568: 3563: 3551:. Retrieved 3541: 3522: 3516: 3496: 3489: 3469: 3462: 3454: 3449: 3433: 3428: 3416:. Retrieved 3396: 3392: 3379: 3370: 3363:. Retrieved 3348: 3338: 3326:. Retrieved 3311: 3307:Thirsk, Joan 3303:Smith, Peter 3297: 3289: 3283: 3271: 3262: 3256: 3244: 3225: 3219: 3202: 3198: 3192: 3168: 3158: 3146:. Retrieved 3141: 3132: 3118: 3106:. Retrieved 3079:. Retrieved 3075: 3044:Witch window 2941:Contemporary 2913:(California) 2879:Horta Museum 2841:Sint-Niklaas 2742:Neoclassical 2623:Brâncovenesc 2401:Ramesses III 2359: 2344: 2343: 2326: 2317:Solar window 2299: 2287: 2255: 2245: 2242:glazing bars 2241: 2239: 2235: 2220: 2210: 2201: 2187: 2176: 1997:Maintenance 1979: 1970: 1958: 1917:Construction 1910: 1906: 1904: 1865: 1852: 1845: 1837: 1825: 1811: 1804: 1799:double-light 1798: 1794: 1789:double-light 1788: 1785:single-light 1784: 1781:Fixed window 1780: 1770: 1752: 1748: 1731: 1721: 1719: 1699: 1660: 1659: 1641:Double-paned 1593: 1589: 1585: 1571: 1539: 1499: 1497: 1487: 1483: 1477: 1474:glazing bars 1473: 1469: 1467: 1454:glazing bars 1449: 1447: 1436:Thermal, or 1435: 1419:oriel window 1418: 1416: 1413:Oriel window 1398: 1361: 1358:Roof lantern 1352:Roof lantern 1346:roof windows 1333: 1331: 1322:Eden Project 1303: 1258: 1218:window, the 1213: 1206:Jalousie or 1193: 1180: 1169: 1167: 1157: 1155: 1145:pivot window 1144: 1142: 1128: 1126: 1108: 1106: 1080:espagnolette 1068: 1038: 1036: 1025: 1023: 1003: 997:is termed a 991: 981: 979: 957:fixed window 956: 954: 936: 934: 921:cross-window 918: 880: 869: 864: 860: 841: 825:January 2023 822: 818:adding to it 813: 791:glass-making 785: 774: 770:Ghana Empire 734: 731:Technologies 725:glass making 689: 650: 643:Fenestration 642: 638: 626: 580: 576: 575: 570: 560: 556: 481: 479: 462:rose windows 442:roof windows 414:sash windows 407: 338: 336: 267: 252: 234: 225: 215: 208: 201: 194: 182: 170:Please help 165:verification 162: 132: 123: 108:by removing 104:Please help 96: 72: 65: 59: 58:Please help 55: 4997:Home repair 4794:Belt course 4702:Hidden room 4631:Lumber room 4547:Antechamber 4538:Great house 4518:Wine cellar 4489:Root cellar 4442:Boiler room 4423:Crawl space 4094:Living room 4087:kitchenette 4072:Home cinema 4057:Family room 4052:Dining room 4042:Common room 3689:French Door 3553:January 25, 3418:November 9, 3365:January 18, 3328:January 18, 3205:(2): 3–24. 3029:Rose window 3019:Plate glass 2984:Crown glass 2943:windows of 2875:Art Nouveau 2748:(Bucharest) 2646:Renaissance 2371:smart glass 2367:window film 2086:Composites 1994:Durability 1893:Air leakage 1839:Window sill 1574:French door 1389:Bay windows 1338:daylighting 1334:roof window 1293:') outside 1265:daylighting 994:sash window 963:windows in 925:Latin cross 872:plate-glass 761:blown-glass 750:Roman Egypt 714:animal horn 696:Roman Egypt 633:during the 585:Old English 527:, the word 499:'wind' and 450:bay windows 397:or similar 387:ventilation 375:transparent 5041:Categories 5007:Tree house 4977:Front yard 4909:Sill plate 4857:Foundation 4799:Bressummer 4712:house plan 4681:Undercroft 4666:State room 4616:Great hall 4585:still room 4252:dumbwaiter 4237:Cubby-hole 4067:Great room 4037:Bonus room 3076:Britannica 3051:References 3034:Window tax 2926:Postmodern 2881:(Brussels) 2843:, Belgium) 2822:Beaux-Arts 2723:Versailles 2702:, Germany) 2633:, Romania) 2545:Strasbourg 2529:Romanesque 2527:Part of a 2237:coatings. 2231:conductive 2189:Composites 2142:very good 2139:very good 2135:Fiberglass 2089:very good 2066:very good 2044:very good 2041:very good 2016:very good 1938:Lyme Regis 1464:Multi-lite 1438:Diocletian 1401:bay window 1380:Bay window 1364:clerestory 1328:, England) 1253:Notre-Dame 1249:Clerestory 1240:Clerestory 1234:Clerestory 1190:Side light 961:Clerestory 897:, to keep 895:fibreglass 883:modern day 836:See also: 754:Alexandria 706: 100 700:Alexandria 635:Viking Age 505:'eye'. In 458:Diocletian 430:clerestory 198:newspapers 126:March 2024 106:improve it 61:improve it 4931:Threshold 4814:Colonnade 4759:Townhouse 4697:Furniture 4601:Courtyard 4503:Safe room 4413:Cloakroom 4381:Technical 4371:Vestibule 4356:Staircase 4295:Inglenook 4268:Fireplace 4227:Breezeway 4099:Gynaeceum 3861:March 31, 3829:March 31, 3413:251121476 3174:Routledge 2999:Fortochka 2897:(Germany) 2862:(Chicago) 2715:Louis XVI 2656:, France) 2631:Bucharest 2610:, Russia) 2583:, France) 2567:, France) 2547:, France) 2488:, Greece) 2478:Byzantine 2397:sandstone 2356:Coverings 2216:radiation 2171:strength. 2145:very low 2120:very low 2117:superior 2095:very low 2072:very low 2053:very low 2047:very low 2019:variable 1986:Material 1941:watermill 1907:essential 1795:Sash unit 1767:when not. 1558:Wrightian 1554:Victorian 1043:Yorkshire 935:The term 766:Al-Idrisi 744:(such as 668:Alabaster 631:loanwords 515:Icelandic 507:Norwegian 486:Old Norse 476:Etymology 438:skylights 432:windows, 428:windows, 399:mechanism 228:July 2024 67:talk page 4972:Driveway 4967:Backyard 4926:Skylight 4889:Plumbing 4884:Ornament 4879:Lighting 4789:Baluster 4777:elements 4749:Detached 4744:Terraced 4596:Orangery 4575:scullery 4552:Ballroom 4528:Workshop 4513:Wardrobe 4501: / 4468: / 4464: / 4440: / 4403:Basement 4335:sleeping 4330:screened 4315:Overhang 4259:Entryway 4247:Elevator 4161:Bathroom 4116:man cave 3669:. Farlex 3617:. Farlex 3211:41405704 3166:(2013). 3102:"Window" 3072:"Window" 3024:Porthole 2967:See also 2837:Art Deco 2807:Eclectic 2679:, Italy) 2654:Toulouse 2581:Toulouse 2565:Chartres 2509:Nishapur 2465:, China) 2266:curtains 2260:such as 2062:Aluminum 2050:average 2025:average 2006:Comment 1862:Labeling 1849:building 1761:mullions 1741:latticed 1562:churches 1395:, Poland 1326:Cornwall 1324:Biomes ( 1306:skylight 1281:Skylight 1271:Skylight 1216:louvered 1208:louvered 1049:Casement 1006:shutters 891:aluminum 777:cylinder 737:Shutters 674:, Spain) 639:fenester 606:standard 601:fenestra 490:vindauga 426:louvered 422:jalousie 379:material 187:"Window" 5047:Windows 4960:Related 4936:Transom 4828:Cornice 4818:Portico 4809:Chimney 4804:Ceiling 4636:Parlour 4621:Library 4580:spicery 4570:saucery 4565:buttery 4408:Carport 4390:storage 4385:utility 4366:Veranda 4361:Terrace 4290:Hallway 4222:Balcony 4201:Nursery 4196:Cabinet 4191:Boudoir 4173:Bedroom 4145:Sunroom 4077:Kitchen 3673:May 19, 3621:May 19, 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