33:
632:
296:, were caught while immature. The time of year when they were caught is indicated by the average size of a group of harvested fish. Bay scallops disappear from the area each winter, and new scallops start growing in the spring, so the size of the scallop shells also indicates the time of year when they were gathered. Finally, quahogs have seasonal bands in their shells, which can be used to determine what season, or even what month, the quahog was gathered.
816:
134:
Two burials were found in Mound A. The graves had been dug into the top of the mound after it was completed. Radiocarbon testing for one of the burials yielded a date of about 3,400 years Before
Present. This is the oldest known mound burial in the eastern United States. As the center of Mound A was
130:
was found in Mound B. The other two mounds were complex and appeared to be purposely constructed. Mound A, the largest at 20 feet in height, had a large pile of shells at its core. There was no evidence of prior habitation on the ground surface where the shells had been piled. Several layers of sand
167:
The shell ring at Horr's Island was an elongated horseshoe shape. It is one of the few sites where a shell ring is definitely associated with ceremonial mounds. The shell ring was 160 by 100 meters, and the central area, or plaza, was 125 meters at its widest. The middens making up the ring were up
299:
Analysis of the bones and shells found at the site indicate that quahogs were gathered in the winter and spring, scallops were gathered in the summer, and the fish were caught mainly in the fall, but also in winter and summer. The archaeologists concluded that Horr's Island was occupied year-round
180:
was found at Horr's Island. Wood, fiber and hide products were not preserved in the sandy soil, but bones were preserved very well. The only tools that survived were made from stone and shell. As there is no local supply of stones that will take and keep an edge, the people made many tools from
131:
had been added over the shells. One layer of sand had charcoal added. The additions of sand by individual baskets could be distinguished by the variations in the amount of charcoal in the sand. The final layer of sand had shells mixed in it, and the mound was topped by another layer of shells.
109:
was listed on the U.S. National
Register of Historic Places on October 8, 1997. In the late 1980s, a development company planned to build a bridge to Horr's Island and develop it. In response to state law requiring an archaeological assessment of the island before it could be developed, the
155:
surround a central open space. A large number of shell rings from the Late
Archaic period are found along the southern South Carolina and Georgia coasts, with a few scattered along the coast of the Florida peninsula and along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico as far west as the
185:
was found in the excavations, and probably was a trade item from elsewhere. Grooved slabs of sandy limestone, and small round stones that fit in the grooves, may have been used to sharpen shell tools and grind seeds or dried fish. Shells were used as hammers,
2479:
246:
theorize that the fish were caught in nets with a mesh size of about 1/4 inch. As the nets would have had to be pulled by hand, bigger fish would have been able to escape by leaping over the net or swimming away before the net was closed.
138:
Various samples from Mound A have been dated to 3620–4760 BP. Mound D, the other purpose-built mound, has been dated to 4450 BP. Mound C has been dated to 4870–4860 BP. Samples from Mound B yielded dates between 6730 and 4030 BP.
201:
were found in the excavations. Their arrangement indicated that small circular structures were built using saplings as uprights. It was assumed that the tops of the poles were bent over to meet in the middle, and covered with
2499:
620:
98:(BP). One of the mounds has been dated to as early as 6700 BP. It was the largest known community in the southeastern United States to have been permanently occupied during the Archaic period (8000 BCE-1000 BCE).
283:
Some of the fish and shellfish caught and eaten by the inhabitants of Horr's Island gave clues as to what time in the year they were caught. The three most common kinds of fish in the Horr's Island diet,
613:
2377:
2448:
1403:
606:
853:
32:
1023:
1425:
1325:
2474:
1946:
1033:
1013:
2422:
1320:
868:
2051:
2494:
2121:
1911:
1396:
1193:
988:
968:
2016:
1008:
157:
1811:
1083:
903:
838:
1886:
1821:
1801:
1253:
2026:
1389:
2407:
2382:
2362:
1796:
1213:
1058:
242:. The large number of fish bones recovered allowed for a detailed analysis. Almost all of the fish were small and of the same size. The
573:
2156:
1936:
1761:
1228:
1063:
1053:
943:
562:
540:
1901:
963:
2402:
2367:
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1846:
1128:
948:
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2106:
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2001:
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888:
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52:
1295:
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1866:
1108:
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2412:
2181:
1766:
1751:
1625:
1300:
106:
218:
Bones recovered in the excavation included 74 species of fish and shellfish, but only eight species of land animals.
2489:
2021:
1776:
1263:
1203:
1103:
1038:
301:
161:
2191:
631:
2126:
1981:
1951:
1510:
1336:
1088:
2417:
2151:
2141:
2101:
1976:
1708:
1643:
1248:
772:
318:
79:
110:
development company funded a research project. The research team carried out excavations for three months.
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1806:
1653:
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1515:
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828:
722:
697:
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757:
75:
1956:
598:
17:
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1851:
1703:
1575:
1233:
1153:
160:. Shell rings were associated with the earliest known sedentary settlements along the coasts of the
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1638:
1565:
1540:
1505:
1485:
1198:
1143:
993:
928:
918:
777:
732:
712:
687:
264:
55:
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2239:
1971:
1966:
1826:
1673:
1609:
1590:
1525:
1520:
1452:
1285:
1188:
1028:
958:
908:
692:
550:
340:
Recollections of
Environmental Change in the Ten Thousand Islands, Florida Bay and the Everglades
227:
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1961:
1718:
1698:
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1412:
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59:
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1991:
1906:
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1836:
1683:
1633:
1614:
1604:
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1550:
1113:
883:
727:
707:
580:
2290:
2244:
1996:
1941:
1931:
1791:
1713:
1570:
1500:
1495:
1475:
1442:
1148:
1118:
898:
878:
737:
682:
102:
2372:
2357:
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2249:
1986:
1816:
1771:
1668:
1580:
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1158:
863:
848:
843:
833:
717:
702:
95:
41:
2468:
2229:
2224:
2116:
2066:
2061:
2046:
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2031:
1781:
1658:
1470:
1447:
1349:
1238:
1178:
983:
973:
823:
747:
742:
243:
187:
380:
300:
during the late
Archaic period. Horr's Island is the largest known community in the
2432:
2387:
2337:
2327:
2307:
2275:
2176:
2131:
2111:
1896:
1876:
1841:
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1741:
1560:
1432:
1223:
1133:
1098:
1043:
873:
858:
355:
152:
37:
346:(Internship report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 30.
168:
to three meters high. The shell ring has been dated to between 4800 and 4200 BP.
2285:
2166:
2146:
2011:
1871:
1861:
1746:
1490:
1344:
1243:
1123:
953:
933:
815:
191:
2322:
2219:
2091:
2006:
1921:
1831:
1381:
1330:
1258:
1138:
1078:
923:
913:
351:
248:
148:
87:
122:
were identified on Horr's Island, but Mounds B and C were found to be simple
2096:
1926:
1003:
289:
272:
223:
207:
203:
135:
not excavated, it is unknown whether there were other burials in the mound.
71:
2480:
Archaeological sites on the
National Register of Historic Places in Florida
2295:
2259:
2209:
2071:
1856:
1290:
1093:
293:
198:
2302:
1786:
1663:
1585:
381:"Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 10/06/97 Through 10/10/97"
285:
268:
256:
231:
177:
91:
1648:
252:
219:
127:
123:
94:
in the eastern United States, dating to about 3400 radiocarbon years
105:, who raised pineapples on the island in the late 19th century. The
2392:
239:
235:
182:
119:
83:
31:
2352:
2500:
National
Register of Historic Places in Collier County, Florida
1385:
602:
222:
were the most common food consumed. Other shellfish included
814:
531:
Brown, Robin C. (1994). "The Late
Archaic: Horr's Island".
535:. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press. pp. 31–38.
304:
to be permanently occupied during the
Archaic period.
557:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.
255:
and living areas. These included the tiny seeds of a
194:
and digging tools, and as bowls, dippers and spoons.
2268:
2200:
1732:
1461:
1308:
1272:
807:
673:
579:. National Park Service. p. 10. Archived from
70:, not to be confused with the archaeological site
1326:Protection of Native American sites in Florida
1397:
614:
574:"Archaic Shell Rings of the Southeast U. S."
8:
1321:Indigenous peoples of the Everglades region
637:Indigenous peoples of Pre-Columbian Florida
1404:
1390:
1382:
621:
607:
599:
1912:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
126:, and were not investigated in depth. A
329:
36:Horr's Island is located just south of
18:Horr's Island archaeological site
7:
2475:Geography of Collier County, Florida
2383:Norse colonization of North America
555:Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida
147:The Horr's Island site includes a
27:Archaeological site in Florida, US
25:
90:. It has one of the oldest known
2495:7th-millennium BC establishments
1337:List of shell ring sites#Florida
630:
2403:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
1:
2368:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
2318:Eastern Agricultural Complex
66:. Horr's Island (now called
1752:Bandelier National Monument
1626:List of Mississippian sites
1413:Pre-Columbian North America
854:Big Mound Key-Boggess Ridge
796:North peninsular Gulf coast
107:Capt. John Foley Horr House
2516:
2172:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
1777:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
1486:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
1104:Ortona Prehistoric Village
337:Davis, Amie Gimon (1998).
302:southeastern United States
251:plant seeds were found in
181:shells. A single point of
162:Southeastern United States
74:) is on the south side of
2441:
2413:Three Sisters agriculture
1419:
1363:
643:
82:. The site includes four
1952:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
1511:Buttermilk Creek complex
1089:Naval Live Oaks Cemetery
894:Cayson Mound and Village
101:The island is named for
58:located on an island in
2152:Town Creek Indian Mound
2122:Sierra de San Francisco
1977:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
383:. National Park Service
319:Earthwork (archaeology)
80:Collier County, Florida
1807:Coso Rock Art District
1694:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
1597:List of Hopewell sites
1024:Letchworth-Love Mounds
969:Hickory Ridge Cemetery
829:Aqui Esta Burial Mound
819:
763:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
533:Florida's First People
314:Mound builder (people)
45:
2215:Arlington Springs Man
2057:Portsmouth Earthworks
1281:Manasota Key Offshore
1264:Yon Mound and Village
1039:Mark Pardo Shellworks
1009:Kimball Island Midden
818:
103:Capt. John Foley Horr
35:
2423:Transoceanic contact
2313:Container Revolution
1887:Gila Cliff Dwellings
1852:Etowah Indian Mounds
1296:Warm Mineral Springs
869:Bowers Bluff Middens
279:Permanent occupation
2343:Green Corn Ceremony
2157:Turkey River Mounds
1947:Lake Jackson Mounds
1767:Blue Spring Shelter
1199:Shell Bluff Landing
1144:Pompano Beach Mound
1084:Myakkahatchee Creek
1034:Madira Bickel Mound
1014:Lake Jackson Mounds
665:Post-Archaic period
551:Milanich, Jerald T.
361:on December 3, 2013
172:Tools and dwellings
56:archaeological site
2428:Underwater panther
2102:Rosenstock Village
1972:Marmes Rockshelter
1957:L'Anse aux Meadows
1249:Waddells Mill Pond
1194:Shark River Slough
1029:Little Salt Spring
820:
62:formerly known as
46:
2490:Mounds in Florida
2462:
2461:
2454:Pre-Columbian era
2255:Spirit Cave mummy
2052:Plum Bayou Mounds
1962:Lynch Quarry Site
1481:Ancient Beringian
1379:
1378:
1371:Pre-Columbian era
1316:Beaver Lake point
1209:Third Gulf Breeze
1019:Lake Pithlachocco
939:Fort Walton Mound
586:on April 15, 2012
290:threadfin herring
60:Southwest Florida
51:is a significant
16:(Redirected from
2507:
2398:Projectile point
2235:Leanderthal Lady
2162:Upward Sun River
2137:Stallings Island
2127:Shell ring sites
2077:Recapture Canyon
1992:Moorehead Circle
1837:El Fin del Mundo
1822:Cueva de la Olla
1628:
1615:Maritime Archaic
1599:
1429:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1383:
1339:
919:Devil's Den Cave
884:Butcherpen Mound
839:Bear Lake Mounds
798:
791:
651:
635:
634:
623:
616:
609:
600:
595:
593:
591:
585:
578:
572:Russo, Michael.
568:
546:
519:
516:
510:
507:
501:
498:
492:
489:
483:
480:
474:
471:
465:
462:
456:
455:Russo:26, 27, 94
453:
447:
444:
438:
435:
429:
426:
420:
417:
411:
408:
402:
399:
393:
392:
390:
388:
377:
371:
370:
368:
366:
360:
354:. Archived from
345:
334:
21:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2449:Genetic history
2437:
2291:Ceremonial pipe
2264:
2245:Minnesota Woman
2202:
2196:
2017:Ocmulgee Mounds
1997:Morrison Mounds
1942:Kolomoki Mounds
1932:Kimball Village
1792:Candelaria Cave
1734:
1728:
1709:Suwannee Valley
1644:Old Cordilleran
1624:
1595:
1463:
1457:
1423:
1415:
1410:
1380:
1375:
1359:
1335:
1304:
1274:
1268:
1254:Wakulla Springs
1234:Upper Tampa Bay
1149:Portavant Mound
1119:Persimmon Mound
1064:Mount Elizabeth
809:
803:
794:
787:
773:Suwannee Valley
675:
669:
647:
639:
629:
627:
589:
587:
583:
576:
571:
565:
549:
543:
530:
527:
522:
517:
513:
508:
504:
500:Milanich:103-04
499:
495:
490:
486:
481:
477:
472:
468:
463:
459:
454:
450:
445:
441:
436:
432:
427:
423:
419:Milanich:102-04
418:
414:
409:
405:
400:
396:
386:
384:
379:
378:
374:
364:
362:
358:
343:
336:
335:
331:
327:
310:
281:
216:
176:No evidence of
174:
145:
116:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2513:
2511:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2373:Mound Builders
2370:
2365:
2360:
2358:Medicine wheel
2355:
2350:
2348:Horned Serpent
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2087:Roberts Island
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2022:Old Stone Fort
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1987:Moaning Cavern
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1937:Kincaid Mounds
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1817:Cuarenta Casas
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1772:Bluefish Caves
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1733:Archaeological
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1531:Caloosahatchee
1528:
1523:
1518:
1516:Caborn-Welborn
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1462:Archaeological
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1355:Suwannee point
1352:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1169:Roberts Island
1166:
1161:
1159:Princess Mound
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
994:Josslyn Island
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
929:Douglass Beach
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
849:Big Mound City
846:
844:Big Heart West
841:
836:
831:
826:
813:
811:
808:Archaeological
805:
804:
802:
801:
800:
799:
792:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
723:Leon-Jefferson
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
698:Caloosahatchee
695:
690:
685:
679:
677:
674:Archaeological
671:
670:
668:
667:
662:
660:Archaic period
657:
652:
644:
641:
640:
628:
626:
625:
618:
611:
603:
597:
596:
569:
563:
547:
541:
526:
523:
521:
520:
511:
502:
493:
484:
475:
466:
457:
448:
439:
430:
421:
412:
403:
394:
372:
328:
326:
323:
322:
321:
316:
309:
306:
280:
277:
257:panicoid grass
244:archaeologists
215:
212:
197:More than 600
173:
170:
144:
141:
115:
112:
96:Before Present
53:Archaic period
42:Collier County
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2512:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2333:Falcon dancer
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:Miscellaneous
2267:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2240:Melbourne Man
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:La Brea Woman
2228:
2226:
2225:Kennewick Man
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:Serpent Mound
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2067:Pueblo Bonito
2065:
2063:
2062:Poverty Point
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:Pinson Mounds
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:Painted Bluff
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1917:Horr's Island
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1847:Effigy Mounds
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1812:Crystal River
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1724:Weeden Island
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1689:Safety Harbor
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1679:Poverty Point
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1659:Paleo-Indians
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1620:Mississippian
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1350:Simpson point
1348:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:Miscellaneous
1307:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1286:Melbourne Man
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1239:Useppa Island
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1189:Safety Harbor
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1179:Rookery Mound
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
984:Indian Fields
982:
980:
979:Horr's Island
977:
975:
974:Hinson Mounds
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
959:Halfway Creek
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
904:Crystal River
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
824:Apalachee Bay
822:
821:
817:
812:
806:
797:
793:
790:
786:
785:
784:
783:Weeden Island
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
758:Safety Harbor
756:
754:
751:
749:
748:Paleo-Indians
746:
744:
743:Orange period
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
680:
678:
672:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
650:
646:
645:
642:
638:
633:
624:
619:
617:
612:
610:
605:
604:
601:
582:
575:
570:
566:
564:0-8130-1273-2
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
542:1-56164-032-8
538:
534:
529:
528:
524:
515:
512:
506:
503:
497:
494:
488:
485:
479:
476:
470:
467:
461:
458:
452:
449:
443:
440:
434:
431:
425:
422:
416:
413:
407:
404:
398:
395:
387:September 30,
382:
376:
373:
365:September 30,
357:
353:
349:
342:
341:
333:
330:
324:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
307:
305:
303:
297:
295:
291:
287:
278:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
213:
211:
209:
205:
200:
195:
193:
189:
184:
179:
171:
169:
165:
163:
159:
154:
153:shell middens
150:
142:
140:
136:
132:
129:
128:flexed burial
125:
121:
113:
111:
108:
104:
99:
97:
93:
92:mound burials
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
64:Horr's Island
61:
57:
54:
50:
49:Horr's Island
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
2433:Water glyphs
2388:Oasisamerica
2378:N.A.G.P.R.A.
2338:Folsom point
2328:Effigy mound
2308:Clovis point
2276:Aridoamerica
2177:Wickiup Hill
2132:Spiro Mounds
2112:Salmon Ruins
2107:Russell Cave
1916:
1902:Helen Blazes
1897:Grimes Point
1877:Fort Juelson
1867:Fort Ancient
1842:El Vallecito
1802:Chaco Canyon
1742:Angel Mounds
1704:Steed-Kisker
1654:Paleo-Arctic
1576:Glacial Kame
1561:Fort Ancient
1453:Post-Classic
1424:
1224:Turtle Mound
1219:Turner River
1214:Thomas Creek
1204:Spruce Creek
1184:Ross Hammock
1154:Porter's Bar
1134:Platt Island
1099:Ormond Mound
1074:Mount Taylor
1044:Miami Circle
999:Jungle Prada
989:J&J Hunt
978:
964:Helen Blazes
949:Garden Patch
874:Bubba Midden
859:Bird Hammock
733:Mount Taylor
655:Paleoindians
648:
590:November 10,
588:. Retrieved
581:the original
554:
532:
514:
505:
496:
487:
478:
473:Milanich:103
469:
460:
451:
442:
433:
424:
415:
406:
397:
385:. Retrieved
375:
363:. Retrieved
356:the original
339:
332:
298:
282:
269:prickly pear
217:
196:
175:
166:
146:
137:
133:
117:
100:
76:Marco Island
67:
63:
48:
47:
38:Marco Island
29:
2485:Shell rings
2418:Thunderbird
2286:Black drink
2250:Peñon woman
2187:Winterville
2167:Velda Mound
2147:Taos Pueblo
2042:Parkin Park
2027:Orwell site
2012:Nodena site
1907:Holly Bluff
1882:Four Mounds
1872:Fort Center
1797:Casa Grande
1747:Anzick site
1639:Monongahela
1566:Fort Walton
1541:Coles Creek
1506:Belle Glade
1491:Anishinaabe
1345:Shell works
1244:Velda Mound
1229:Twin Mounds
1114:Page-Ladson
1069:Mount Royal
1054:Monroe Lake
954:Green Mound
944:Galt Island
934:Fort Center
778:Swift Creek
713:Fort Walton
688:Belle Glade
518:Brown:37–38
509:Brown:36–38
491:Brown:34–36
464:Brown:34–35
437:Russo:13–14
401:Brown:31–32
158:Pearl River
151:, in which
2469:Categories
2363:Metallurgy
2323:Eden point
2220:Buhl Woman
2092:Rock Eagle
2082:River Styx
2007:Mummy Cave
2002:Moundville
1982:Mesa Verde
1967:Marksville
1714:Tchefuncte
1674:Plaquemine
1610:Las Palmas
1526:Calf Creek
1521:Cades Pond
1331:Shell ring
1259:Yent Mound
1174:Rock Mound
1164:River Styx
1079:Mullet Key
924:Dismal Key
914:Demere Key
899:C. J. Ostl
889:Cayo Pelau
879:Burns Lake
693:Cades Pond
525:References
352:1812551154
273:wild grape
249:Carbonized
228:surf clams
149:shell ring
143:Shell ring
88:shell ring
2408:Stickball
2097:Rock Hawk
1927:Key Marco
1719:Troyville
1699:St. Johns
1684:Red Ocher
1443:Formative
1109:Otis Hare
1059:Mound Key
1049:Mill Cove
1004:Key Marco
864:Blueberry
834:Bay Pines
789:McKeithen
768:St. Johns
753:Pensacola
261:sea grape
208:thatching
199:postholes
72:Key Marco
68:Key Marco
44:, Florida
2296:Chanunpa
2281:Ballgame
2260:Vero man
2210:Anzick-1
2182:Windover
2142:SunWatch
2072:Rassawek
1892:Glenwood
1782:Brewster
1634:Mogollon
1605:La Jolla
1591:Hopewell
1551:Deptford
1464:cultures
1301:Windover
1291:Vero man
1129:Pineland
1094:Nocoroco
728:Manasota
708:Deptford
676:cultures
553:(1994).
482:Brown:35
446:Russo:27
428:Brown:36
410:Brown:36
308:See also
265:cocoplum
232:scallops
2445:Related
2303:Chunkey
2203:remains
2192:Wupatki
2032:Paquime
1922:Huápoca
1787:Cahokia
1757:Bastian
1664:Patayan
1586:Hohokam
1571:Fremont
1546:ComondĂş
1501:Baytown
1496:Avonlea
1476:Alachua
1448:Classic
1438:Archaic
1426:Periods
1367:Related
1275:remains
738:Norwood
683:Alachua
649:Periods
294:pinfish
286:catfish
253:hearths
224:quahogs
220:Oysters
178:pottery
124:middens
1862:Folsom
1827:Cutler
1762:Benson
1649:Oneota
1581:Glades
1556:Folsom
1536:Clovis
1433:Lithic
1124:Pierce
909:Cutler
718:Glades
703:Clovis
561:
539:
350:
259:, and
240:conchs
236:whelks
120:mounds
114:Mounds
86:and a
84:mounds
2393:Piasa
2201:Human
1832:Eaker
1735:sites
1669:Plano
1471:Adena
1273:Human
1139:Plaza
810:sites
584:(PDF)
577:(PDF)
359:(PDF)
344:(PDF)
325:Notes
206:leaf
192:celts
183:chert
118:Four
2353:Kiva
592:2011
559:ISBN
537:ISBN
389:2014
367:2014
348:OCLC
292:and
271:and
238:and
214:Food
204:palm
188:awls
1857:Eva
78:in
40:in
2471::
288:,
275:.
267:,
263:,
234:,
230:,
226:,
210:.
190:,
164:.
1405:e
1398:t
1391:v
622:e
615:t
608:v
594:.
567:.
545:.
391:.
369:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
